Unit 5 Creative Minds

How Creative he Is!How Creative he Is!

联合利华引进了一条香皂包装生产线，结果发现这生产线有个缺陷：常常会有盒子里没装入香皂。总不能把空盒子卖给顾客啊，他们只得请了一个学自动化的博士后设计一个方案来分拣空的香皂盒。博士后拉起了一个十几人的科研攻关小组，综合采用了机械、微电子、自动化、 X 射线探测等技术，花了几十万，成功解决了问题。每当生产线上有空香皂盒通过，两旁的探测器会检测到，并且驱动一只机械手把空皂盒推走。

Sample One

How Creative He Is!How Creative He Is!

中国南方有个乡镇企业也买了同样的生产线，老板发现这个问题后大为发火，找了个小工来说：“你他妈给老子把这个搞定，不然你给老子爬走。”

　　　　　　小工很快想出了办法：他花了 90 块钱在生产线旁边放了一台大功率电风扇猛吹，于是空皂盒都被吹走了。

Sample One

Part I warm up Key words: Invented Vocabulary:• Internal- combustion engine 内燃机• Barometer ：气压计• Atmospheric pressure 大气压• Polaroid ( 商标名 ) 宝丽来一次成像照相机 ( 或照

片 )• Pendulum ： 摆，钟摆• Diesel ：狄塞尔 (Rudolf, 1858-1913, 德国工程师 ,

发明内燃机 [ 柴油机 ) ②柴油机 , 内燃机• Fuel oil ：燃料油，炉油• Dynamite ：达纳炸药；氨爆炸药； ( 非正式 ) 轰

动一时的人（或物），

• Kaleidoscope 万花筒• Harpsichord ：羽管键琴，拨弦古钢琴；大

键琴• Gunsmith 军械工人

invention Inventor Nationality

occupation

Year

Gottieb DaimlerEvangelista Torricelli

Edwin Herbert Land

Christiaan huygens

Rudolph Diesel

Alfred Bernhard Nobel

Gasoline automobile

Germanengineer 1885

barometer Italian Physicist & mathematician

1643

Polaroid camera

American Inventor & industrialist

1947

Pendulum

clockDutch

Mathematician & physicist

1657

Diesel engine German engineer 1892

dynamite Swedish chemist 1866

Invention Inventor Nationality

Occupation

Year

Sir David Brewster

Bartolomeo Cristofori

Elias Howe

Christopher Sholes

kaleidoscope BritishPhysicist & natural philosopher

1817

pianoItalian Harpsichord

maker1709

Sewing machine

American inventor 1846

typewriter American inventor 1867

Tape script:• The gasoline automobile was invented by Gottlieb Daimle

r, the German engineer, in 1885 His construction of the first high-speed internal-combustion engine led to the development of the automobile industry.

• The barometer, the instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, was invented by Evangelista Torricelli, the Italian physicist and mathematician, in 1643.

• The polarod camera, which takes and prints photos in one step, was invented in 1947 by the American inventor and industrialist Edwin Herbert Land.

• The pendulum clock was invented by the Dutch mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens in 1657.

• The diesel engine, which is heavier and more powerful than the gasoline engine and which burns fuel of oil instead of gasoline, was named after its inventor Rudolph Diesel, the German engineer in 1892.

Tape script:• Dynamite, the improved explosives with great safety,

was invented in 1866 by the Swedish chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel. He established a fund to provide annual awards called Nobel Prizes, in the sciences, literature, and the promotion of international peace.

• He kaleidoscope was invented in 1817 by Sir David Brewster, the Scottish physicist and natural philosopher.

• The piano, a key-board musical instrument, was invented in 1709 by the Italian harpsichord maker, Bartolomeo Cristofori.

• The sewing machine, which greatly revolutionized clothes-making, was invented by Elias Howe, an American inventor in 1846.

• The typewriter, its first practical commercial model, was invented in 1867 by the American inventor Christopher Sholes and was manufactured by the American gunsmith Philo Reminton 1874.

B

• Fax ： ( 亦作 fax machine)a machine for transmitting and receiving such documents 传真机

• Calendar ： a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, or giving particular seasonal information 日历

• Puppet ： a movable model of a person or animal that is used in entertainment and is typically moved either by strings controlled from above or by a hand inside it 木偶

• Mercedes-Benz ： 梅赛德斯 - 奔驰

• 1- a

• 2- d

• 3- e

• 4- i

• 5- f

• 6-j

• 7-g

• 8-b

Tape script

• People in England made the first computer. It was built in 1943. It was made to help England understand secret messages during World War II.

• Someone in Australia invented the fax machine. After the fax machine was invented, it first became popular in East Asia.

• Folding fans came from Japan. They were invented in Japan almost 800 years ago.

• The first car came from Germany. It was invented by Karl Benz in 1885. Benz is still famous. His name is on the Mercedes-Benz car.

• A man in Canada invented the chocolate bar. He lived in Nova Scotia- in the eastern part of Canada. He invented the chocolate bar in 1800s.

Tape script

• The first really accurate calendar was invented in Mexico. This calendar was made about 1,500 years ago. That's when people learned that the year was 365 days long.

• The first mechanical clock was invented in China. It was invented in the year 725-over1,250 years ago.

• People think Africans created the first puppets. Actually, no one is sure, but puppets were probably created to help tell stories.

C:

• key words:• Design; patent; introduce; develop; appear;

born; invent; create • Vocabulary:

paper clip: 回形针，曲别针，纸夹• Patent ：专利（权）；专利证 • Adhesive ： able to stick fast to a surface or o

bject; sticky 可粘的，粘的• Post-it ： 记事贴，便利贴• Primer ：底漆 ; 打底剂 , 底层涂料

C• cellular phone ：便携电话；手机• Commission ：委员会 • authorize ： give official permission for or

approval to (an undertaking or agent) 授权；批准

• Subscribe ： arrange to receive something, typically a publication, regularly by paying in advance 订阅；订购（出版物）

• credit with 把……记入贷方• Wringer ：绞拧机；压汁器 • ad: 广告

C• Disposable ： intended to be used once and the

n thrown away （物品）一次性的• diaper ： ( 北美 ) 尿布 • Zipper ：拉链 • Immigrant ：移民，侨民 • Galosh ：高统雨鞋（多用橡胶制作）• accident-prone 易出事故的 • Strip ：（布、纸、塑料等）条，狭条，带状物 • merit ： the quality of being particularly good or

worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward 优秀品质，优点；价值

• Band-Aid ：创可贴；• contact lens ：隐形眼镜• Norwegian [nɔ:'wi:dʒən] n. 挪威语；挪威人• Pennsylvania [,pensil'veinjə] n. 宾夕法尼亚州

（美国州名）• Czech [tʃek] n. 捷克人；捷克语

• Inventions • Paper clips • 1901• Post-its• 1980• cellular phones• 1973• automatic washing

machines• 1930s

disposable diapers

1961

Zippers

1913

Band-Aids

1921

soft contact lenses

1961

• 1.The design of paper clips is perfect. There's been little improvement since Norwegian Johan Vaaler got his American patent in 1901.Only about 20% are actually used to clip papers.

• 2.Post-it is one of the top five best-selling office suppliers. To make Post-its, introduced in 1980, 3M had to develop the adhesive ,primer, back-side coating and new manufacturing equipment.

3.The first cellular phone was developed in 1973 by Martin Cooper at Motorola, and a test of 1,000 such phones followed in Chicago. The Federal Communications Commission authorized cellular service in 1982, and we haven't shut up since. More than a third of all households in the U.S subscribe.

• 4.Among those credited with making electric washing machines was Alva J. Fisher. The machines used wringers to remove water from clothes. Truly automatic machines appeared in the 1930s. An early ad for a GE washer read, "If every father did the family washing next Monday, there would be an electric washing machine in every home by Saturday night."

5.Oh,baby, what a convenience! Procter & Gamble's Pampers, born in 1961, were first used only for special occasions. Now the 95% of American parents who buy disposable diapers will spend up to $2100 a child to avoid washing diapers.

• 6. Zippers were invented in 1913 by Swedish immigrant Gideon Sundback at Universal Fastener Co. in Pennsylvania. B.F. Goodrich first used the word to a fastener on a pair of its galoshes; it was not used in clothes until the 1930s .By 1341 zippers beat the pants off buttons in the Battle of the Fly.

7.Johnson & Johnson sold $3000 worth of handmade Band Aids in 1921, the year it introduced them. A company cotton buyer, Earle Dickson, had created them at home for his accident prone wife. He then convinced his boss that the strips had merit.

8.Otto Wichterle, a Czech scientist, created the first soft contact lens in 1961. Bausch & Lomb bought the rights to his process for a reported $3 million in 1966.

Part II Scientists of the millenniumKey words:discovery invention founderidea describetheoryacceptdevelopmethodthe first…startbase…on secret

Vocabulary• type 打字 • mould 模型，模子，铸模，铸型，模板• astronomer [ə'strɔnəmə] n. 天文学家；天文观测员 a physicist who studies astronomy• condemn vt. 谴责；判刑，定罪；声讨• withdraw vt. 撤退；收回； • anatomical [,ænə'tɔmikəl] adj. 解剖的；解剖学的；结构上的

• vessel 脉管，血管；容器，器皿 • artery 动脉；干道；主流 • vein 静脉 • conflict n. 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执 • influential adj. . 有影响的• calculus ['kælkjuləs] 微积分学 ; 结石

Part II Scientists of the millennium

• gravitation n. 重力；万有引力；地心吸力 • principle n. 原理，原则； • philosophy n. 哲学；哲理；人生观 • unify vt. 统一；使相同，使一致 • the Roman Catholic Church

罗马公教；罗马天主教会

Part II Scientists of the millennium

• Part II - A• 1395, type, movable type• Poland, astronomy, the sun, its center

once• 1564, telescope, circling• England, moves• 1642, calculus, light and color, gravitation.

Part II Scientists of the millennium

• Part II- B• Printing / faster / easier• Earth / center of universe/ no move• Cut open dead animals and humans• Blood to body/ arteries; blood to heart /

veins• The Mathematical Principles of Natural

Philosophy / in 1687

Part II Scientists of the millennium

Part III Scientists of the millenniumKey words:Idea theory discovery method establish inventionchangeVocabulary:origin 起源 species 物种；种类 by means of 依靠organism n. 有机体；生物体；微生物 evolution n. 演变；进化论；进展survive vi. 幸存；活下来 vt. 幸存；生还；幸免于；比 ...活得长

reproduce [riːprə'djuːs]

vt. 复制；再生；生殖；使…在脑海中重现microorganism n. 微生物；微小动植物Pasteurization [,pæstəraɪ'zeɪʃən]

n. 加热杀菌法，巴斯德氏杀菌法germ [dʒɜːm] n. 胚芽，萌芽；细菌resistance n. 阻力；电阻；抵抗；反抗；抵抗力inject [ɪn'dʒekt] vt. 注入；注射vaccination [,væksɪ'neɪʃən] n. 接种疫苗；种痘vaccine ['væksiːn; -ɪn] n. 疫苗；牛痘苗deadly ['dedlɪ] adj. 致命的；非常的；死一般的affect [ə‘fekt] n. 情感 vt. 影响；感染；感动；假装

motion picture n. 电影device [dɪ'vaɪs] n. 装置；策略；图案unconscious adj. 无意识的；失去知觉的；未发觉的psychiatry [psai‘kaiətri, psi-] n. 精神病学sexual adj. 性的；性别的；有性的dispute n. 辩论；争吵document ['dɒkjʊm(ə)nt] n. 文件，公文； [ 计 ] 文档；

证件mass [mæs] adj. 群众的，民众的；大规模的，集中的square [skweə] n. 平方；广场；正方形atomic energy [核 ] 原子能，核能

Answer for Part III – A

• 1809, evolution• France, a. Pasteurization, b. Germ, c.vacc

ination, disease• 1847, a.motion, b. recording, c. electric lig

ht, d. Telephone, e. Machine, electricity, f.motors

• Austria, a. Dreams, unconscious self, b. Modern psychiatry. C.sexual development

• 1879, relativity, E=mc2

Answer for Part III - B• T. 1. Charles Darwin thought that all living things de

veloped from simple organisms.• F. 2. Darwins's ideas were strongly opposed by ma

ny religious people in the past. But now people are all in favor of them.

• T. 3. Louis Pasteur believed that it is tiny organisms that spread more diseases

• F. 4. Thomas Edison considered the motion pictures his most important invention.

• T. 5. Albert Einstein's most famous theory is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity.

• T. 6. Albert Einstein's most famous theory led to the discovery of atomic energy.

Tape script• Charles Darwin was another important scientist of the past

1,000 years. He was born in England in 1809. In 1859, he published a book called On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. He explained his ideas that all living things developed from simple organisms. He said these organisms changed during millions of years to produce different kinds of plants and animals, including humans. This is known as the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin's studies showed that some animals and plants have natural abilities that help them survive. They pass these abilities to their young when they reproduce. Other plants and animals that are less able to survive and reproduce may disappear. Charles Darwin's theories provided new ideas about the developments of living things. However, they shocked many religious people. Many people today still strongly oppose the theory of evolution because it conflicts with their religious beliefs.

• Our next important scientist of the past 1,000 years is Louis Pasteur. His discoveries saved many lives. Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 in France. He became a professor of chemistry. He discovered that heat could kill harmful microorganism. Soon this Pasteurization method was used to keep many foods and drinks safe. He also helped us establish the germ theory when he recognized that most diseases are spread by tiny organisms that reproduce in the body. Louis Pasteur also proved that an animal can develop a resistance to a harmful organism if the organism is weekend in a laboratory and injected into the animal's body. He called this method of preventing disease vaccination. He developed vaccines to prevent deadly diseases in animals and people.

• The inventor Thomas Edison was another influential scientist. He was born in the United States in 1847. His work made possible the progress of technology in the 20th century. Almost everyone has been affected by the inventions of Thomas Edison. These include the motion pictures, sound recording, and electric light. They are only three of the many devices Thomas Edison invented or helped to improve. H e also invented devices to improve the telephone. He improved machines that produced electricity. And he worked on many electric motors, including those for trains. Thomas Edison once said the electric light was the most difficult to develop. He also called it his most important invention.

• Our next scientist of the millennium is the Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud. He changed scientific ideas about the mind. Dr Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia. He established the idea that dreams help us understand our unconscious self. He said this is the part of the mind containing wishes, desires, or bad experiences too frightening to recognize. Sigmund Freud's work on the causes and treatment of mental sickness helped to form the ideas of modern psychiatry. His ideas about sexual development led to the discussion and treatment of sexual problems. Many of Sigmund Freud's ideas are no longer used today, but no one disputes his great influence on the science of mental health.

• Our final scientist of the past 1,000 years is Albert Einstein. He changed the way we understand the universe. The great scientist was born in Germany in 1879. In 1905, Albert Einstein published one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained his special theory of relativity. This theory is about the ideas we use to describe natural events. It is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity. Albert Einstein is perhaps best known for his mathematical statement E=MC2 or energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This statement explained that a great amount of energy could come from a small piece of matter. It explained how the sun could give off heat and light for millions of years. It also led to the discovery of atomic energy. Albert Einstein's theories, like those of the other great scientists of the millennium changed our world.

Answer for Part IV

• Control, sort, on the page, working out, a whole section, fail,

• in a position, repeat, • Vocabulary, stop, its context, barrier, miss,

lost,• Determination, go, rephrase, a half-missed

point, the gap, purpose, key words, main points,

• ahead of, incompleteness