U.S. History IU.S. History ITopic 11.3Topic 11.3

““Striving for Equality”Striving for Equality”

3.2-3.53.2-3.5From Left: Anti-Catholic Cartoon, Anti-Jewish From Left: Anti-Catholic Cartoon, Anti-Jewish Announcement, and Anti-Immigrant CartoonAnnouncement, and Anti-Immigrant Cartoon

Progressivism Creates Progressivism Creates ContradictionsContradictions

AmericanizationAmericanization: Task of making : Task of making immigrants act “like Americans”immigrants act “like Americans”

Make immigrants “loyal” to United Make immigrants “loyal” to United StatesStates

Many progressives still were “racist” Many progressives still were “racist” against non-whites or native born peopleagainst non-whites or native born people

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson: “Separate but Equal” : “Separate but Equal” case. Legalized racial segregation (Jim case. Legalized racial segregation (Jim Crow)Crow)

African Americans Demand ReformAfrican Americans Demand Reform Booker T. Booker T.

Washington (Left)Washington (Left) Move slowly Move slowly

progressprogress Focus on educationFocus on education Would eventually Would eventually

be accepted by be accepted by societysociety

““Atlanta Atlanta Compromise”Compromise”

W.E.B. Dubois W.E.B. Dubois (Right)(Right)

Demanded Demanded immediate rightsimmediate rights

Niagra MovementNiagra Movement: : 19051905

African Americans African Americans should be taught: should be taught: History, Literature, History, Literature, and Philosophy…not and Philosophy…not just trade skills. So just trade skills. So blacks can “think for blacks can “think for themselves”themselves”

NNational ational AAssociation for the ssociation for the AAdvancement of dvancement of CColored olored PPeopleeople

““Physically free from Physically free from Peonage (Forced-low-paid Peonage (Forced-low-paid Labor), mentally free from Labor), mentally free from ignorance, politically free ignorance, politically free from disfranchisement, and from disfranchisement, and socially free from insult.”socially free from insult.”

Formed after a lynch mob Formed after a lynch mob riot in Springfield, IL in riot in Springfield, IL in 19081908

Leadership featured both Leadership featured both black AND white black AND white progressivesprogressives

Urban LeagueUrban League: Focused on poor : Focused on poor city workerscity workers

Reducing Prejudice and Protecting Reducing Prejudice and Protecting RightsRights

Anti-Defamation LeagueAnti-Defamation League: Formed by Jewish : Formed by Jewish immigrants who were mistreatedimmigrants who were mistreated

MutualistasMutualistas: Mexican American groups that gave : Mexican American groups that gave loans and legal assistance to Mexican loans and legal assistance to Mexican Immigrants/CitizensImmigrants/Citizens

Dawes ActDawes Act: Broke up Native American : Broke up Native American ReservationsReservations

American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924: American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924: Native Native Americans officially recognized as U.S. CitizensAmericans officially recognized as U.S. Citizens

Carlos Montezuma: Fought to preserve Native Carlos Montezuma: Fought to preserve Native American Culture American Culture

Takao Ozawa: Fought for Asian American RightsTakao Ozawa: Fought for Asian American Rights

U.S. HistoryU.S. HistoryTopic 11.4 Topic 11.4

““Reformers in the White House”Reformers in the White House”

3.2-3.53.2-3.5Booker T. Washington at White House Booker T. Washington at White House

DinnerDinner

Roosevelt Shapes the Modern Roosevelt Shapes the Modern PresidencyPresidency

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt: : 1901: Became 1901: Became President after President after William McKinley William McKinley Assasinated (Leon Assasinated (Leon Czolgocz)Czolgocz)

Square DealSquare Deal: TR’s : TR’s Program: Keep the Program: Keep the wealthy from taking wealthy from taking advantage of the restadvantage of the rest

-Did not believe in -Did not believe in helping the lazy or helping the lazy or making everyone richmaking everyone rich

““Every man shall Every man shall have a square deal…have a square deal…no less…no more”no less…no more”

Trustbusting and Regulating Trustbusting and Regulating IndustryIndustry

Roosevelt changed the way that Roosevelt changed the way that Government dealt with business disputesGovernment dealt with business disputes

1902: Coal Miners Strike: TR Threatened to 1902: Coal Miners Strike: TR Threatened to send troops in if strike not over quicklysend troops in if strike not over quickly

Hepburn ActHepburn Act: Strengthened the : Strengthened the Interstate Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)Commerce Commission (ICC)

1904: 1904: Northern Securities v. U.S.Northern Securities v. U.S. : Case : Case ruled the big railroad company an “illegal” ruled the big railroad company an “illegal” trusttrust

TR became known as a “Trustbuster”TR became known as a “Trustbuster” *He did not mind “Good Trusts” (Fair) only *He did not mind “Good Trusts” (Fair) only

disliked “Bad Trusts” (Unfair)disliked “Bad Trusts” (Unfair)

Regulating Food and Drug Regulating Food and Drug IndustriesIndustries

1906: Upton Sinclair 1906: Upton Sinclair wrote: wrote: The JungleThe Jungle

Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act: : Gov’t began to Gov’t began to inspect meatinspect meat

Pure Food and Drug Pure Food and Drug Act (FDA)Act (FDA): Banned : Banned impure food and impure food and “dishonest” medicine “dishonest” medicine claims (Snake Oil claims (Snake Oil Salesmen)Salesmen)

Government Manages the EnvironmentGovernment Manages the Environment 1872: Yellowstone 1872: Yellowstone

National Park FormedNational Park Formed 1890: Yosemite 1890: Yosemite

National ParkNational Park John MuirJohn Muir: Helped found : Helped found

Yosemite Nat’l. ParkYosemite Nat’l. Park PreservePreserve: To leave : To leave

“unused”“unused” ConserveConserve: “Use-smart” : “Use-smart” Gifford PinchotGifford Pinchot: Protect : Protect

“some” land and use “some” land and use others. Then, protect others. Then, protect “used” land and use “used” land and use “protected” land “protected” land (Recycle)(Recycle)

National Reclamation National Reclamation Act: Act: Gov’t Decides how Gov’t Decides how waterwater is used (Dams…is used (Dams…etc.)etc.)

A New Direction in PoliticsA New Direction in Politics Roosevelt steps down after serving two termsRoosevelt steps down after serving two terms William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft: Backed by TR and won : Backed by TR and won

PresidencyPresidency Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich Tariff: Showed Taft’s weak : Showed Taft’s weak

“political” leadership“political” leadership Taft hated ALL trusts and busted more than Taft hated ALL trusts and busted more than

RooseveltRoosevelt 1911: Standard Oil “Busted” 1911: Standard Oil “Busted” Supported: “Rule of Reason” Large Supported: “Rule of Reason” Large

Monopolies ok as long as they do not try to Monopolies ok as long as they do not try to drive out competition (I call it the “NIPSCO” drive out competition (I call it the “NIPSCO” rule)rule)

Roosevelt Strikes BackRoosevelt Strikes Back

Taft: Fired PinchotTaft: Fired Pinchot Roosevelt: Angry…ran Roosevelt: Angry…ran

against Taftagainst Taft New NationalismNew Nationalism: :

Business should serve Business should serve country as well as self. country as well as self. Efficiency is key.Efficiency is key.

ELECTION of 1912ELECTION of 1912 Taft: RepublicanTaft: Republican Roosevelt: Progressive: Roosevelt: Progressive:

“Bull-Moose” Party“Bull-Moose” Party *Republican Party Split*Republican Party Split *Democrat Woodrow *Democrat Woodrow

Wilson Won ElectionWilson Won Election

U.S. History IU.S. History IWilson EndorsesWilson Endorses

Further RegulationFurther Regulation

3.2-3.53.2-3.5

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom New FreedomNew Freedom: Prevent “strong from crushing : Prevent “strong from crushing

weak” …But retain personal freedom from weak” …But retain personal freedom from gov’t.gov’t.

Lowered TariffsLowered Tariffs Sixteenth AmendmentSixteenth Amendment: Income Tax : Income Tax

AmendmentAmendment Federal Reserve ActFederal Reserve Act: Strengthened money : Strengthened money

supplysupply Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commission (FTC)-Looked out for (FTC)-Looked out for

false advertising or improper labeling false advertising or improper labeling (Watchdog)(Watchdog)

Clayton Anti-trust ActClayton Anti-trust Act: Strengthened anti-trust : Strengthened anti-trust lawslaws

Workingman’s Compensation Act 1916Workingman’s Compensation Act 1916: : Temporary help for disabled workersTemporary help for disabled workers

Adamson ActAdamson Act: Set railroad workers day at 8HRS: Set railroad workers day at 8HRS

Legacy of ProgressivismLegacy of ProgressivismPros/ConsPros/Cons 1616thth (Income Tax), (Income Tax),

1717th th (Direct (Direct Election), 18Election), 18th th (Prohibition), 19(Prohibition), 19th th (Women’s (Women’s Suffrage) Suffrage) AmendmentsAmendments

Political ReformPolitical Reform Dollar Dollar

Strengthened Strengthened Land ConservationLand Conservation Strong Federal Strong Federal

Government Government “Levels” playing “Levels” playing field (Business)field (Business)

Worker gains Worker gains (Unions)(Unions)

Too much Too much government? government? (Socialism)(Socialism)

What about race What about race issues? (One great issues? (One great failure)failure)

Do people Do people “depend” on “depend” on Government too Government too much? Is it the much? Is it the government’s, or government’s, or American people’s American people’s job?job?

Do reforms Do reforms promote “laziness” promote “laziness” or sense of or sense of “Entitlement”“Entitlement”