User Manual Trinocular Compound Microscope · User Manual Trinocular Compound Microscope ... 1 Photo Tube 9 Microscope Base 17 ... A diffusion filter is attached beneath the condenser

User Manual

Trinocular Compound

Microscope

Model M8311 Series

MicroscopeNet.com

Table of Contents

i. Caution……..……………………………………………………………1

ii. Care and Maintenance……….………………………………….….…2

1. Component Illustration………………………….…………………..…3

2. Installation ……………………………………………………………...4

3. Operation...…………………….………………………….…………....6

4. Specifications…………………….………………………………….....9

5. Optional Parts…………………….…………………………………....10

6. Troubleshooting Guide...…………….……………………………..…12

7. Darkfield Condenser Installation and Operation Instructions……..14

8. Phase Contrast Kit Installation and Operation Instructions….…... 15

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i. Caution

1. Open the carton carefully with a knife or paper cutter. Find the “UP” sign and place the Styrofoam container on the side that makes the arrow upward. If the “UP” sign is missing, please open the Styrofoam container gently to prevent any accessory items (i.e. objectives or eyepieces) from dropping and being damaged.

2. Do not discard the molded Styrofoam container. The container should be retained

should the microscope ever requires reshipment.

3. Keep the instrument out of direct sunlight, high temperature or humidity, and dusty environments. Ensure that the microscope is located on a smooth, level and firm surface.

4. If any specimen solutions or other liquids splash onto the stage, objective or any

other component, disconnect the power cord immediately and wipe up the spillage. Otherwise, the instrument may be damaged.

5. All electrical connectors (power cord) should be inserted into an electrical surge

suppressor to prevent damage due to voltage fluctuations.

6. Important: confirm that the input voltage (110V/220V, switchable at the bottom) indicated on your microscope corresponds to your line voltage. The use of a different input voltage other than that as indicated will cause severe damage to the microscope.


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ii. Care and Maintenance 1. Do not attempt to disassemble any component including eyepieces, objectives or

focusing assembly.

2. Keep the instrument clean; remove dirt and debris regularly. Accumulated dirt on metal surfaces should be cleaned with a damp cloth. More persistent dirt should be removed using a mild soap solution. Do not use organic solvents for cleansing.

3. The outer surface of the optics should be inspected and cleaned periodically using

an air stream from an air bulb. If dirt remains on the optical surface, use a soft cloth or cotton swab dampened with a lens cleaning solution (available at camera stores). All optical lenses should be swabbed using a circular motion. A small amount of absorbent cotton wound on the end of a tapered stick makes a useful tool for cleaning recessed optical surfaces. Avoid using an excessive amount of solvents as this may cause problems with optical coatings or cemented optics or the flowing solvent may pick up grease making cleaning more difficult. Oil immersion objectives should be cleaned immediately after use by removing the oil with lens tissue or a clean, soft cloth.

4. Observe the specimen with the 4X, 10X and 40X objectives in order, then observe

the specimen with the 100X objective. Apply the immersion oil on the slide cover with the 100X objective. Do not let the immersion oil to contact with the dry objectives lens (especially the 40X). Clean the dry objective lens using the lens cleaning paper if the immersion oil is on the dry objectives lens. Clean the 100X objective lens first using the lens cleaning paper after observing the specimen with the 100X objective, then clean the specimen. More persistent dirt should be removed using a little bit alcohol. Do not use organic solvents for cleansing.

5. Store the instrument in a cool, dry environment. Cover the microscope with the dust

cover when not in use.


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1. Components Illustration

1 Photo Tube 9 Microscope Base 17 Power Switch

2 Eyepiece 10 Head Lock Thumb Screw 18 Brightness Intensity Dial

3 Diopter Ring 11 Nosepiece 19 Condenser Lock Thumb Screw

4 Eyepiece Tube 12 Objective 20 Condenser Focus Knob

5 Viewing Head 13 Microscope Body 21 Condenser

6 Slide Holder 14 Coarse Focus Knob 22 Color Filter Holder

7 Mechanical Stage 15 Fine Focus Knob

8 Light Collector 16 X-Y Stage Moving Knobs

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

10

20 21

22

19


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2. Installation

2.1 Installation of the trinocular viewing head 1) Loosen the head lock thumb screw on the top of the microscope body and remove

the plastic cover on the top. 2) Remove the cap on the dovetail of the trinocular viewing head. 3) Seat the dovetail of the viewing head into the socket on the top of the microscope

body and tighten the head lock thumb screw.

Caution: Do not release the viewing head from your hand grip until you are sure the viewing head is installed securely.

2.2 Installation of the photo tube 1) Remove the cap on the top of the viewing head. 2) Thread the photo tube into the top of the viewing head.

2.3 Installation of the eyepieces 1) Remove the protective caps from the eyepiece tubes. 2) Insert the eyepieces into the eyepiece tubes.

2.4 Installation of the objectives 1) Adjust the coarse focus knob until the mechanical stage is at its lowest position. 2) Turn the caps counter-clockwise to remove them from the nosepiece. 3) Take the objectives out from the plastic cases and turn each one clock-wise into the

holes on the nosepiece. Install the 4X objective into the nosepiece first. Then in a counter-clockwise direction, rotate the nosepiece and install each succeeding higher magnification objective as shown in Fig. 1.

Note: Inspect the objectives frequently for dirt or oil; clean if necessary. Use the 10X objective to initially focus the image of your specimen. When changing the objective magnification, rotate the objective nosepiece until you

hear a “click” sound or have a clear "in position" feeling. This ensures the objective is centered in the optical light path.

Fig.1


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2.5 Installation of the glass filter 1) Swing out the color filter holder under the condenser. 2) Place the filter into the color filter holder as shown in Fig. 2, swing the holder in.

2.6 Replacing the fuse 1) Turn off the power switch and disconnect the power cord. 2) Find the fuse holder at the rear bottom of the microscope body. 3) Pry out the fuse holder gently with a flat head screwdriver. 4) Replace the old fuse with a new one, and then insert it back in. See Fig. 3.

2.7 Installation of the camera (optional, may not included in your package) 1) Take off the plastic cover on the photo tube. 2) Insert the camera into the photo tube, and then connect the

camera to a computer via USB2.0 cable. See Fig.4. 3) The manual for the camera is on a CD (or mini CD). Refer to

the manual to install the driver and software on to the computer.

4) The camera is optional and may have different color and shape from the one in the figure, depending on the model purchased.

2.8 Choosing the power voltage The power voltage can be switched between 110V and 220V. The switch can be found from the bottom. Push the switch down, the microscope will work at 110V. Push the switch up, the microscope will work at 220V.

Fig.4

Color Filter

Color Filter Holder

Fig.2

Fuse Holder

Fuses

Fig.3

Camera

Photo Tube


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110V 220V Voltage Switch

2.9 Installation of darkfield condensers (optional, may not included in your package) Please see section 7 (Darkfield Condenser Installation and Operation Instructions)

2.10 Installation of phase contrast kits (optional, may not included in your package) Please see section 8 (Phase Contrast Kit Installation and Operation Instructions)

3. Operation 3.1 Adjusting illumination

1) Plug the power cord into the power socket on the microscope and connect it to the power outlet.

2) Turn on the power switch. 3) Rotate the brightness intensity dial to increase or decrease the brightness of the

illuminator.

Caution: A diffusion filter is attached beneath the condenser to get uniform light and protect your eyes from strong LED light when a low power objective applies. The diffusion filter can be swung out to make the view field brighter when observing with a high power objective, such as 100X objective.

3.2 Placing specimen 1) Place the slide on the mechanical stage. 2) Use the slide holder to gently secure the slide. 3) Turn the X and Y stage moving knobs to position the specimen in the center of

viewing field.

Caution: Be sure not to allow an objective to touch a specimen slide when changing objectives.

3.3 Focusing 1) With the 10X objective in position, raise the mechanical stage using the coarse focus

knob until the specimen is close to the objective. 2) Turn the coarse focus knob until the specimen is in focus. Then use the fine focus

knob to obtain a sharp image. You may now switch to another magnification objective.

3) To get a good focused image, you may need to combine the focus knob adjustment and interpupillary distance adjustment, along with eyepiece diopter adjustment stated in 3.4 and 3.5.

Voltage Switch


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Tips: To prevent your specimen slide from making contact with an objective, turn the 100X objective in position and adjust the thumb screw of focus stop (as shown in Fig.5) so that the 100X objective will not contact the specimen while the stage is adjusted to its highest position. Give the stage a tiny extra moving space to ensure the objective can be focused every time.

3.4 Adjusting interpupillary distance While observing with both eyes, hold the left and right eyepiece tubes then swing them around the center axis. The interpupillary distance is correct when the left and right fields of view converge completely into one image.

3.5 Adjusting eyepiece diopter 1) Using the 10x objective and your right eye only, observe your specimen through the

eyepiece and bring it into focus by adjusting the focus knobs. 2) Then observe the specimen with your left eye only through the left eyepiece. If the

specimen is not in focus, turn the diopter ring on the eyepiece tube until a sharp image is obtained.

3.6 Applying the immersion oil 1) Rotate the objective nosepiece to seat the observing position between the 40X and

100X objectives as shown in Fig. 6 (a). 2) Place a drop of immersion oil on the slide cover as shown in Fig. 6 (b). 3) Rotate the objective nosepiece to seat the 100X objective to the observing position

until you hear a “click” sound. 4) After observing the specimen, use the lens cleaning paper to clean the 100X objective

lens gently and the specimen in time. 5) If it is hard to clean, you need a little bit alcohol to clean the 100X objective lens and

the specimen.

Caution (important): When you use the 100X objective to observe the specimen, you have to finish

observing the specimen with the 4X, 10X, 40X objectives. When you use the 100X objective to observe the specimen, you have to apply the

immersion oil on the top of the slide cover. When you apply the immersion oil with the 100X objective, do not let the

immersion oil to contact with the dry objective lenses (especially the 40x). If the immersion oil is on the dry objectives lens, please use the lens cleaning paper to clean the objectives lens in time. The oil will damage the dry objective lenses.

After observing the specimen with the 100X objective, clean the 100X objective lens first.

Focus Stop

Fig.5

Fig.6 (b)(a)


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3.7 Adjusting condenser 1) Turn the condenser focus knob to raise or lower the condenser. 2) The condenser is raised when using high magnification objectives and lowered when

using low magnification objectives.

Note: The centering of the condenser and the light axis of the objective are factory

adjusted. Do not attempt to re-adjust. The highest position of the condenser has been

factory adjusted. Do not attempt to re-adjust.

3.8 Adjusting iris aperture diaphragm Swing the iris diaphragm lever (Fig.7) left or right to adjust the aperture size.

Note: The iris diaphragm is designed to adjust the aperture size, not to adjust the brightness although the brightness will be changed when it's adjusted. When aperture is adjusted to smaller size, the contrast will be increased and the depth of field will be increased as well. Turn up the intensity of the light if the image is too dim.

3.9 Adjusting focus knob tension The tightness of the focus knob tension has been pre-set at the factory. If the mechanical stage drops by itself, rotate the tension adjustment ring (Fig.8) located inside the focus knob on the power switch side until the tension is in maintained.

3.10 Camera (optional, may not included in your package) 1) Bring the microscope into focus by following the procedures

in 3.3. 2) Install the camera by following the procedures in 2.7. 3) Open image observing software to examine (more details

see camera's manual). 4) If the image is not clear, loosen the 2 set screws (See Fig.9)

on the photo tube, turn the upper half part to lower down or raise up the camera mounted on the top, till the image is clear.

5) You can also capture images or record live videos through the software, depending on the functions provided by the software.

Note: Please refer to the manual in the camera’s CD for the details of installation and operation of the camera.

3.11 Darkfield condensers observation (optional, may not included in your package)

Please see section 7 (Darkfield Condenser Installation and Operation Instructions)

3.12 Phase contrast kits observation (optional, may not included in your package)

Please see section 8 (Phase Contrast Kit Installation and Operation Instructions)

Fig.8

Fig.9

Iris Diaphragm Lever

Fig.7

Tension adjustment Ring

Set Screw


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4. Specifications General

Model M8311 series

Total Magnification 40X, 80X, 100X, 200X, 400X, 800X, 1000X, 2000X

Viewing Head 30º inclined, 360º swiveling Siedentopf trinocular viewing head Interpupillary distance 48mm - 75mm Adjustable diopter on left eyepiece tubes

Eyepieces 1 pair of WF10X/18 1 pair of WF20X/9

Objective Tube Length 160mm

Nosepiece Reversed revolving quadruple

Objectives Achromatic 4X, 10X, 40X(spring), 100X(spring, oil)

Condenser Abbe, NA=1.25, w/ iris aperture diaphragm and filter holder Rack and pinion focus adjustment

Focus Mechanism Coaxial coarse and fine focusing knobs on both sides w/ stop

Stage Double layer mechanical stage Dimension: 5-1/2” x 4-5/16” (140mm x 110mm) Translation range: 3” x 1-5/8” (78mm x 40mm)

Illumination Transmitted: 3W LED, Variable intensity

Darkfield Condensers (optional) Refer to the Darkfield Condensers specifications

Phase Contrast Kits (optional) Refer to the Phase Contrast kits specifications

Cameras (optional) Refer to the cameras specifications

Carrying Case (optional) Net weight: 10 lbs 8 oz (4.75 kg)

Size: 16-1/2" x 12-1/2"x 13-3/8" (42cm x 32cm x 34cm)

Power Supply AC 110V/220V (switchable at the bottom), 60HZ (US and Canada plug)

Dimension 12-3/16” x 8” x 17-3/8” (31cm x 20cm x 44cm)

Net weight 11 lbs 6.5 oz (5.2 kg)


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5. Optional Parts (The optional parts may be included in some models or sold separately.)

1) Darkfield Condensers

Model Darkfield

Condenser

Numerical

Aperture Objective

Mounting

Size(diameter)

A191 Dry 0.7-0.9 - 37mm

A191BOIL

(new design) Oil 1.36-1.25

Plan 100X/1.25 oil-0.5

160/0.17(spring), w/

iris diaphragm

37mm

2) Phase Contrast Kits

Model Objectives Condenser Annular Ring Plates Centering

Telescope

A1PHB1

Plan achromatic 10X with built-in phase plate Plan achromatic 20X with built-in phase plate Plan achromatic 40X with built-in phase plate, spring Plan achromatic 100X with built-in phase plate, spring, oil

NA 1.25

five positions: 10 for 10X phase contrast objective 20 for 20X phase contrast objective 40 for 40X phase contrast objective 100 for 100X phase contrast objective B for bright field observation, with iris diaphragm

focusing

adjustable

A1PHB3

Achromatic 10X with built-in phase plate Achromatic 20X with built-in phase plate Achromatic 40X with built-in phase plate, spring Achromatic 100X with built-in phase plate, spring, oil

five positions: 10 for 10X phase contrast objective 20 for 20X phase contrast objective 40 for 40X phase contrast objective 100 for 100X phase contrast objective B for bright field observation, with iris diaphragm

A1PHD

Achromatic 10X with built-in phase plate Achromatic 40X with built-in phase plate, spring Achromatic 100X with built-in phase plate, spring, oil

10 for 10X phase contrast objective 40 for 40X phase contrast objective 100 for 100x phase contrast objective


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3) Cameras

Model Resolution Operating System Software

A1510 1280 x 1024 (1.3MP)

MS Windows

(32/64-bit)

Mac OS Included

A1520C 1600 x 1200 (2.0MP)

A1530X 2048 x 1536 (3.0MP)

A1550X 2592 x 1944 (5.0MP)

A1590 3488 x 2616 (9.0MP) MS Windows

(32/64-bit)


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6. Troubleshooting Guide GENERAL PROBLEMS

Problem Cause Solution

Lamp does not light when switched on

No electrical power Check power cord connection

LED or power unit dead Contact seller for service

Fuse blown out Replace fuse

Darkness at the periphery or uneven brightness in the field of view

Revolving nosepiece not in click stop position

Revolve the nosepiece to click-stop position by swinging the objective correctly into the optical path

Dirt or dust on the view

Dirt or dust on the eyepiece, condenser, objective, collector lens or specimen

Clean the lens with a lens cleaning paper

Poor image quality or not able to get focused image

No slide cover attached to the slide Attach a 0.17mm slide cover

Slide cover is too thick or thin Use a slide cover of the appropriate thickness (0.17mm)

Slide may be upside down (specimen at the bottom)

Turn slide over so the cover-glass faces up

Diopter adjustment is not set properly Readjust the diopter settings

Immersion oil is on a dry objective (especially the 40X)

Check the objectives, clean if necessary

No immersion oil used with 100X objective

Use immersion oil

Air bubbles in immersion oil Remove bubbles

Condenser aperture is closed or open too much

Open or close properly

Condenser is positioned too low Position the condenser upward

Specimen rises from stage surface Secure the specimen in the slide holder

Revolving nosepiece is not in the click-stop position

Revolve the nosepiece to the click-stop position

Lamp intensity is too high or low Adjust the light intensity by rotating the intensity control dial


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Slippage of focus when using the coarse focusing knob Fine focus is ineffective

Tension adjustment is set too low Increase the tension on the focusing knobs

Tension adjustment is set too high Loosen the tension on the focusing knobs

DARKFIELD PROBLEMS

Problem Cause Solution

Totally dark in the viewing field

The light is not on Turn on the light

(A191BOIL only) There is no oil in between the condenser top

lens and slide

Place a drop of oil on the top lens of condenser and let it contact the underside of slide

(A191BOIL only) The built-in iris diaphragm of 100X objective is not in proper position

Adjust the iris diaphragm ring on the objective

The condenser is not in the right position

Lower or raise the condenser slightly to the position that the specimen is the brightest. (A191BOIL only) Make sure the oil contact the bottom of the slide and the top of the condenser during the adjustment.

The illumination is insufficient or too bright

The intensity of lamp is too low Adjust the intensity dial to increase the brightness



The condenser is not centered properly

Adjust the translational centering screws to center the condenser


Turn the iris diaphragm ring on the objective

Image of the specimen is not clear and lacking in sufficient contrast

The specimen is not suitable for darkfield observation

Change to brightfield or phase contrast


Turn the iris diaphragm ring on the objective




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7. Darkfield Condenser Installation and Operation Instructions

7.1 Dry darkfield condenser of A191 1) Mounting the dry darkfield condenser Loosen the condenser lock thumb screw on

the condenser holder and remove the brightfield condenser.

Install the dry darkfield condenser and tighten the condenser lock thumb screw on the condenser holder (see Fig. 10).

2) Centering the dry darkfield condenser Turn the 4X objective to the light path. Turn the condenser focus knob to lower the

condenser till a dark spot showed in the viewing field as shown in Fig. 11 (a).

Turn the condenser translational centering screws to move the dark spot to the center as shown in Fig. 11 (b).

3) Place the slide on the stage. 4) Raise the condenser all the way to the top and then

lower it a little bit. 5) Follow the procedures in this manual to bring the sample on slide in focus and

observe. 6) Move the condenser up or down slightly to get the best darkfield viewing.

Note： The dry darkfield condenser is used with the dry objectives only. The dry darkfield condenser works with the 4X, 10X, 40X objectives. The dry darkfield condenser does not work with the 100X oil immersion objective.

7.2 Oil darkfield condenser of A191BOIL 1) Mounting the oil darkfield condensers Loosen the condenser lock thumb screw on the

condenser holder and remove the brightfield condenser.

Install the oil darkfield condensers and tighten the condenser lock thumb screw on the condenser holder (see Fig. 12).

2) Centering the oil darkfield condensers Turn the 40X objective to the light path. Turn the condenser focus knob and slowly lower

or raise the condenser till a dark spot showed in the viewing field as shown in Fig. 13 (a).

Turn the condenser translational centering screws to move the dark spot to the center as shown in Fig. 13 (b).

(a) (b)

(a) (b)

Fig.10

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.11

Condenser Lock

Thumb Screw

Centering Screws

Condenser Holder

Condenser Lock

Thumb Screw

Centering Screws

Condenser Holder


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3) Raise the condenser till the top lens is close to the opening of stage. Place a drop of immersion oil on the top of the lens of the condenser.

4) Place the slide on the stage. Raise the condenser and let the oil drop contact the bottom of the slide. If air bubbles exist in the oil, clean the oil from the condenser lens and bottom of slide with a camera cleaning paper and repeat the procedures.

5) Follow the procedures in this manual to bring the sample on slide in focus and observe.

6) When using the 100X oil darkfield objective, you will need to drop the immersion oil and adjust the iris ring (Fig. 14) to get proper brightness and contrast of view field.

Note： The condenser won’t work well if no oil drop applied on the condenser

8. Phase Contrast Kit Installation and Operation Instructions

8.1 Phase contrast kits A1PHB1 or A1PHB3: 1) Mounting the phase contrast objectives

a. Take off all the objectives from the nosepiece. b. Install the phase contrast objectives onto the nosepiece by following the steps in

2.4. 2) Mounting the phase contrast condenser/annular ring disk

a. Rotate the nosepiece and set the 4X objective in position. b. Turn the coarse focus knob to raise the mechanical stage to the highest position

without contacting the 4X objective. c. Turn the condenser control knob to raise the condenser to the highest position. d. Loosen the light collector and take it off. e. Loosen the condenser lock thumb screw, pull down the condenser and take it off. f. Insert the condenser/annular ring disk into the condenser holder, and tighten the

thumb screw. g. Insert the light collector back onto the base and turn until it's tightened. h. Re-adjust the condenser height to its normal position. i. Re-adjust the mechanical stage height to

its normal position.

Note: When raising the mechanical stage, do not

make contact with the objective. 3) Turn the desired objective into light path. 4) Turn the annular ring disk to put the

corresponding ring into light path, i.e. if you are using the 20X phase contrast objective, you should turn the disk at 20 as shown in Fig. 15.

Fig.14

Iris Ring

20

Fig.15


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(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Condenser Holder

Condenser Lock Thumb Screw

5) Centering the annular ring. a. Remove one eyepiece from the microscope

eyepiece tube and insert the centering telescope as shown in Fig. 16.

b. Observe from the telescope. The bright ring and dark ring should be coincided with each other as shown in Fig.17 (d).

c. If the ring images are not clear, turn the top of telescope until both ring images are in focus.

d. If the bright ring is still obscure as in Fig.17 (b), adjust the condenser focus knob.

e. If the two ring images are not coincided as shown in Fig.17 (c), hold the ring plate from the bottom of the annular ring disk and adjust its position until two ring images are coincided.

f. Remove the centering telescope and replace it with the eyepiece.

g. Put the specimen on the stage and adjust the illumination, focusing, etc by following the instructions in this manual.

Note: The phase contrast condenser will be working as a

conventional Abbe condenser if the annular ring disk being put at B position.

8.2 Phase contrast kit of A1PHD: 1) Mounting the phase contrast kit

a. Replace the bright field objective(s) on nosepiece with the phase contrast objective(s)

b. Thread the condenser ring plate onto the condenser as shown in Fig.18.

c. Loosen the condenser lock thumb screw as shown in Fig.19; take off the original condenser from the holder.

d. Insert the phase contrast condenser into the condenser holder as shown in Fig.19; tighten the condenser lock thumb screw.

Fig.17

Fig.19

Fig.18

Fig.16


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Note: there are 3 phase contrast objectives: 10X, 40X and 100X, and there are 3 condenser ring plates: 10X, 40X and 100X. The corresponding objective and ring plate must work together, i.e. 10X phase contrast objective must work with 10X condenser ring plate, and so on.

2) Centering the condenser ring plate a. Connect the power cord to the microscope and

insert the plug into a power outlet. b. Turn the desired phase contrast objective into light

path. c. Choose the ring plate that corresponding to the

phase contrast objective in light path and screw it on the condenser.

d. Replace the bright field condenser with the phase contrast condenser with ring plate on.

e. Remove one eyepiece from the microscope eyepiece tube and insert the centering telescope.

f. Turn the light of microscope on and observe from the telescope.

g. Turn the top of the telescope (Fig.21) until the dark ring image is in focus. If the dark ring is hard to find, put a normal white print paper on the stage and under the objective then you will see the dark ring as shown in Fig.20 (a).

h. If the bright ring is still obscure as in Fig.20 (b), raise or lower the condenser by adjusting the condenser focusing knob (or the microscope focusing knob if necessary) till the bright ring is in focus and the dark ring is visible.

i. If the two ring images are not coincided as shown in Fig.20 (c), adjust the two centering screws on the condenser ring plate till the two rings are coincided with each other as shown in Fig.20 (d).

j. Remove the centering telescope and replace it with the eyepiece. 3) Performing the phase contrast observation

After you center the ring plate, you can perform the phase contrast observation the same way as a normal bright field microscope.

Note: when change to another phase contrast objective and corresponding condenser ring plate, the focusing and centering of bright ring and dark ring should be repeated following the procedures from 2)-b to 2)-h.

Tips:

Make the illumination as bright as possible.

The thinner the specimen, the better the image.

Fig.21

(a) (b)

(d)

(c) Fig.20

Documents

User Manual Trinocular Compound Microscope · User Manual Trinocular Compound Microscope ... 1 Photo Tube 9 Microscope Base 17 ... A diffusion filter is attached beneath the condenser