Utilización de taninos enológicos y virutas de roble para mejorar y estabilizar el color de los vinos tintos

7/30/2019 Utilizacin de taninos enolgicos y virutas de roble para mejorar y estabilizar el color de los vinos tintos.

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r|jhvf~|vc bn aj kjb~|jfmh bna g|~rc

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tj|nbnv kv bnaijbjv

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mktc|rjhrnv! acv rjhmhcv } aj kjrn|mj fcac|jhrn c jhrcfmjhcv Vn `j fckt|cljbcv

z~n nvrcv fchrmnhnh fjhrmbjbnv wj|mjlanv bn jfj|nv! jv tc| nonktac nh acv

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nhr|n 4!9 j 6!4 i Vch |mfcv nh fna~acvj! vmnhbc v~v fchrnhmbcv aj f~j|rj tj|rn bna

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jt|cpmkjfmh bn aj fcktcvmfmh bn acv `caanocv

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ntmbn|kmv } i|jh~ajfmchnv bmg~vjv nh ajv fa~ajv mhrn|hjv bna

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fa~ajv bn rjhmhcv

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fc||nvtchbmnhrn jiamfchj! k~f`c knhcv jkj|ij Aj nvfctcanrmhj!

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|clan bn c|minh jkn|mfjhc } n~|ctnc! j~hz~n rjklmh vn `j bnkcvr|jbc aj

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knrmacklnaamgn|chj (Vjajicmr}+J~i~vrn nr ja! :=09-

fmbcv } jabn`bcv lnhcmfcv } fmhkmfcv

Acv fmbcv iamfc } naimfc `jh vmbc bnvf|mrcv nh aj kjbn|j bn |clan

(Wm|mcr nr ja! :==25 Ea~ktn|v nr ja! :==2-! jv fckc rjklmh aj t|nvnhfmj bn

fmbc wjhaamfc! vm|himfc } gn|amfc (Gn|hhbn bn Vmkh nr ja! :===- Acv

jabn`bcv fmhkmfcv t~nvrcv nh nwmbnhfmj nh aj kjbn|j bn |clan! vmhjtjabn`bc }

fchmgn|jabn`bc! vch t|cb~frcv bn bni|jbjfmh bn aj amihmhj! ja mi~ja z~n aj

gc|kjfmh bn jabn`bcv lnhcmfcv fckc aj wjmhmaamhj } na vm|mhijabn`bc (J|rjochj

Vn||jhc! :==:- Na n~inhca nv na gnhca wcarma kv jl~hbjhrn nh ajv kjbn|jv bn

|clan jkn|mfjhc } n~|ctnc! } aj fchfnhr|jfmh bn cr|cv gnhcanv fckc mvcn~inhca!

gnhca! f|nvca! i~j}jfca! jfnrcwjhmaachj } 2+wmhmai~j}jfca hc nv jl~hbjhrn nh aj

kjbn|j bn |clan lajhfc jkn|mfjhc (Kj|fc nr ja! :==2-

Rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv n `mb|camjlanv

Aj bnvf|mtfmh bn nvrcv fckt~nvrcv aj nhfchr|jkcv nh na t~hrc


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J~rc|mjbcv! bna \niajknhrc FN :2=6#:=== bna Fchvnoc! z~n nvrjlanfn aj

C|ijhmjfmh Fckh bna Kn|fjbc bna Wmhc! vni~j nvrjhbc t|c`mlmbj nh aj ^hmh

N~|ctnj

Hc clvrjhrn! vn fchrmh~jlj tn|kmrmnhbc aj mktc|rjfmh bn wmhcv bn NN^^!

clrnhmbcv fch t|frmfjv nhcaimfjv hc jv~kmbjv nh aj ^N

Nvrc vmr~jlj j acv wmhcv n~|ctncv nh cr|c hmwna bn fcktnrmrmwmbjb!

nvtnfmjaknhrn nh acv aajkjbcv h~nwcv kn|fjbcv! } g|nhrn j acv wmhcv bna H~nwc

K~hbc

Rcbc nvrc aanw j aj ^hmh N~|ctnj j jt|clj| na \niajknhrc (FN- h

# bn


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vcknrn Rnktn|jr~|j } rmnktc vch acv tj|knr|cv t|mhfmtjanv Fjbj hmwna bn

rcvrjbc rmnhn v~v t|ctmjv fj|jfrn|vrmfjv? hn~r|c c j|ckrmfc! nvtnfmj! rcvrjbc!

wjmhmaajbc! rc||ngjffmh! j`~kjbc! aj ijkj nv jktamj } fchr|ml~}n g~n|rnknhrn j

aj fcktanombjb bn acv i|jhbnv wmhcv

+ J~knhrc bna wca~knh } bn aj nvr|~fr~|j? Na j~knhrc bn aj nvr|~fr~|j } bna

wca~knh nh lcfj nvr t|cwcfjbc tc| aj amln|jfmh bn rjhmhcv } bn tcamvjf|mbcv bn

aj kjbn|j Mhrn|wmnhnh bn kjhn|j bm|nfrj c mhbm|nfrj! tc| na mhrn|knbmj|mc bn

|njffmchnv fch acv fckt~nvrcv bna wmhc

+ J~knhrc bna b~ac|? Cr|cv fckt~nvrcv npr|jlanv tj|rmfmtjh ja j~knhrc

bna b~ac| } bn aj |nbchbn bn acv wmhcv Aj nprnhvmh bn nvrn jtc|rn bntnhbn bna

r|jrjkmnhrc (rnktn|jr~|j bn rcvrjbc! namkmhjfmh c hc bn acv rjhmhcv-

+ Nvrjlmamjfmh bna fcac| bna wmhc? Aj nvrjlmamjfmh bna fcac| nv bnlmbj j

aj t|crnffmh bn acv jhrcfmjhcv i|jfmjv j acv fckt~nvrcv z~n jtc|rj aj kjbn|j bn

aj wm|~rj! }j vnj b~|jhrn gn|knhrjfmh c b~|jhrn ~hj amin|j f|mjhj Nvrcv

fckt~nvrcv vch t|mhfmtjaknhrn rjhmhcv `mb|camjlanv acv f~janv vn cpmbjh } nwmrjh

z~n ac `jijh acv jhrcfmjhcv! bn kjhn|j z~n t|nvn|wj na fcac| } j~knhrj aj fjambjb

bna wmhc

Na rjkjc } aj gc|kj bn acv f`mtv bn |clan anv fchgmn|nh bmvrmhrjv

t|ctmnbjbnv? wcajrmambjb bn acv j|ckjv! bmg~vmh bn acv nanknhrcv vca~lanv!

|njffmh j acv r|jrjkmnhrcv r|kmfcv! nh g~hfmh bn aj |najfmh v~tn|gmfmn #

wca~knh Fckc hc npmvrn ~hj gc|kj mbnja! fjbj gc|kj bnln vn| r|jrjbj bn kjhn|j

nvtnfmgmfj Acv f`mtv rmnhnh ~hj rjkjc bn > j j :4 kk :4 j :> kk :> j


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Na t|cfnvc bn gjl|mfjfmh vmi~n ~h nvz~nkj vmktan? fc|rn } t|cb~ffmh bn

acv f`mtv! npr|jffmh c hc bn acv rjhmhcv (vnih aj ijkj-! rcvrjbc c hc! knfajv!

jfchbmfmchjkmnhrc

Fjbj acrn bnln vn| vni~mbc! tj|j |nfmlm| ~h r|jrjkmnhrc jt|ctmjbc Nh

fchvnf~nhfmj! aj mbnhrmgmfjfmh j aj |nfntfmh bn acv acrnv bn kjbn|j nv

mhbmvtnhvjlan tj|j ~h l~nh fchr|ca bn aj kjb~|n

Kj|fjbc bn ajv rjlajv bn |clan tj|j v~ mbnhrmgmfjfmh(

Acv fchr|canv bn f~jambjb vn ngnfrjh tc| na vni~mkmnhrc ngnfrmwc bn fjbj

acrn b~|jhrn v~ najlc|jfmh! acv f~janv z~nbjh |nimvr|jbcv } tn|kmrnh

|nnhfchr|j| aj fcktcvmfmh } aj `mvrc|mj bna acrn j tj|rm| bn v~ hkn|c bn

mbnhrmgmfjfmh! fch ac z~n vn jvni~|j aj f~jambjb fchf|nrj } nvtnfgmfj bn aj

kjbn|j

^hmbjb bn t|cb~ffmh bn ajv wm|~rjv bn |clan(


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Vmvrnkj bn rcvrjbc( Vmvrnkj bn fc|rjbc bn ajv rjlajv nh f`mtv bn |clan(

Clrnhfmh bn wm|~rj( Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|( Wm|~rj rcvrjbj(

Acv f`mtv ~rmamjbcv v~nanh nvrj| jfchbmfmchjbcv nh vjfcv bn ~vc

jamknhrj|mc bn tcamvrn| bn :4 Ei! z~n vn v~kn|inh bm|nfrjknhrn nh aj f~lj

^h fbmic fcac| vcl|n fjbj lcavj tn|kmrn mbnhrmgmfj| na rmtc bn f`mtvjfchbmfmchjbc! jhrnv } bnvt~v bn v~ ~rmamjfmh! tj|j gjfmamrj| na fchr|ca } bn

jvni~|j| aj kjhmt~ajfmh

Cr|j lcavj r|jhvtj|nhrn nh tcamnrmanhc t|crnin fjbj vjfc ^hj nrmz~nrj

knhfmchj na rmtc bn kjbn|j } a h~kn|c bn acrn


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Gc|kjrcv tj|j v~ ~vc(

Na rmtc bn kjhn|j j ~rmamj| } ajv bcvmv j jtamfj| bnlnh nvrj| tnhvjbjv

vnih na rmtc bn wmhc! na clonrmwc l~vfjbc! } vnih na kcknhrc bn jtamfjfmh (t|nc tcvr GJ- Tc| nvc ajv bcvmv t~nbnh wj|mj| bn 4 j :> i#A

Aj amln|jfmh bn acv fckt~nvrcv vca~lanv tj|nfn |tmbj Vmh nklj|ic! na

j|ckj mhrnhvc z~n jtj|nfn bn < j 6 vnkjhjv bnvt~v vn g~hbn tcvrn|mc|knhrn 5 bn

mi~ja gc|kj tj|j rcbcv acv fckt~nvrcv jtc|rjbcv tc| aj kjbn|j

Acv bmvrmhrcv rmtcv ~vjbcv vn bmgn|nhfmjh nh na rmtc bn r|jrjkmnhrc r|kmfc

ja z~n `jh vmbc vcknrmbjv


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9

^wj Kchjvr|naa? Wj|mnbjb bn c|minh nvtjca! bn

i|jh |~vrmbjb } nanwjbj |nvmvrnhfmj j aj vnz~j! hnfnvmrjhbc

~hj l~nhj mvcajfmh V~ t|cb~ffmh hc nv k~} nanwjbj Bn

nvrj wj|mnbjb vn clrmnhnh kcvrcv bn i|jbc knbmc c jarc!

fch jfmbn rcrja knbmj+ljoj! |mfcv nh cpmbjvjv } k~}

j|ckrmfcv V~v wmhcv t|nvnhrjh ~h j|ckj wj|mnrja

npr|jc|bmhj|mc! fch vnhvjfmchnv bn g|~rj kjb~|j! b~afn }

ljoj jvr|mhinhfmj

\nfntfmh bn ~wj? ^hj wn bjbcv acv tn|kmvcv tj|j aj |nfcanffmh bn aj

~wj! vrj vn |nfmln nh lcbnij! bchbn na t|mkn| tjvc nv aj tnvjbj bn aj kmvkj }

jhamvmv mhmfmjanv! tj|j ac z~n vn |njamj ~hj rckj bn k~nvr|jv knbmjhrn ~h

k~nvr|njbc| j~rckrmfc z~n |njamj aj rckj nh bmgn|nhrnv chjv bna |nkcaz~n tj|j

aci|j| ~hj k~nvr|j |nt|nvnhrjrmwj

Bnvtjamaajbc+nvr|~ojbc? Fch aj namkmhjfmh bna nvfcljoc bn acv |jfmkcv ac

z~n vn t|nrnhbn nv z~n na kcvrc hc tcvnj ~h npfnvc bn rjhmhc hm vjlc|nv

`n|lfncv bnkjvmjbc t|nbckmhjhrnv ^hj wn namkmhjbc! acv i|jhcv bn aj ~wj vch

kcambcv amin|jknhrn tj|j amln|j| na ~kc } gjfmamrj| aj jffmh tcvrn|mc| bn ajv

anwjb~|jv

Nhf~ljbc? Rcbj aj tjvrj f|njbj o~hrc fch na kcvrc vn aanwjh j

gn|knhrjbc|nv bn jfn|c mhcpmbjlan vnkmj~rckjrmjbcv z~n hcv tn|kmrnh na fchr|ca

bn aj rnktn|jr~|j } nvrjlanfn| aj g|nf~nhfmj bn |nijbc bna vckl|n|c tj|j |njamj|

aj npr|jffmh bn acv tmiknhrcv z~n bj|h na fcac| ja wmhc

Jhrnv bn aanhj| acv gn|knhrjbc|nv nvrcv vn vmnkl|jh fch nhmkjv tnfrcarmfjv z~n

gjfmamrj|h aj npr|jffmh bn acv t|cb~frcv bnvnjbcv

B~|jhrn nvrj gjvn vn |njamj|jh ~hj vn|mn bn fc||nffmchnv?

/ V~agmrjfmh (VC


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/ Fc||nffmh bn jfmbn rcrja

Tj|j naac ~rmamjkcv fmbc rj|r|mfc! }j z~n nv na fmbc hjr~|ja bn aj ~wj

Fch nvrj fc||nffmh aanwjkcv na kcvrc j v~ t@ trmkc tj|j aanwj| aj gn|knhrjfmh

(nh rc|hc j 6!74- Bcvmv? nv g~hfmh bna nvrjbc bn aj ~wj

/Jbmfmh bn cr|cv t|cb~frcv z~n gjwc|nfn|h na bnvj||caac bn ajv

anwjb~|jv! rjanv fckc! gcvgjrc lmjkhmfc! wmrjkmhjv bna i|~tc L! fckc rmjkmhj!

|mlcgajwmhj! hmjfmhj! nrf5 cr|cv kmhn|janv nvnhfmjanv tj|j na l~nh bnvj||caac bn ajv

kmvkjv } t|cb~frcv fckc acv rjhmhcv } wm|~rjv z~n vch na clonrc bn nvr~bmc bn

nvrn t|c}nfrc

/Gmhjaknhrn! rjklmh vn jbmfmchjh nh nvrj gjvn ajv anwjb~|jv! z~n vch

kmf|cc|ijhmvkcv ~hmfna~aj|nv fjtjfnv bn r|jhvgc|kj| na jfj| nh jafc`ca }

jtc|rj| fmn|rcv j|ckjv fj|jfrn|vrmfcv ja wmhc

\nkchrjbcv? Fchvmvrnh nh |nij| na vckl|n|c gacrjhrn bn `caanocv z~n vn

jf~k~aj nh aj tj|rn v~tn|mc| bn aj f~lj fch na kcvrc nh gn|knhrjfmh t|cwnhmnhrn

bn aj ljvn bna bntvmrc tj|j jv npr|jn| aj kj}c| fjhrmbjb bn fcac| } rjhmhc bnvbn

na `caanoc Nh mhvrjajfmchnv j~rckjrmjbjv vn t|ci|jkjh nh g~hfmh bna fcac| z~n

vn t|nrnhbj clrnhn| nh na wmhc

Kjfn|jfmh } gn|knhrjfmh jafc`amfj? Aj kjfn|jfmh nv na tn|mcbc nh na

z~n na wmhc tn|kjhnfn nh fchrjfrc fch acv `caanocv! acv f~janv jtc|rjh ja wmhc

f~n|tc! nvr|~fr~|j! fchfnhr|jfmh! rjhmhcv } fcac|

Aj gn|knhrjfmh nv na t|cfnvc lmcz~kmfc knbmjhrn na f~ja ajv anwjb~|jv

r|jhvgc|kjh acv jfj|nv bna kcvrc nh jafc`ca! ijv fj|lhmfc } cr|cv fckt~nvrcv

z~n jtc|rjh vjlc| } j|ckjv fj|jfrn|vrmfcv nh g~hfmh bn aj anwjb~|j ~vjbj

R|jvmnicv? ^hj wn jfjljbj aj gn|knhrjfmh jafc`amfj vn r|jvajbj na wmhc

j cr|cv bntvmrcv tj|j z~n t|nfmtmrnh acv fckt~nvrcv z~n an bjh r~|lmbn fckc

gjhicv! ji|nijbcv bn t|crnhjv! |nvrcv bn `caanocv! tntmrjv! nrf! fch na gmh bn z~nnvr ac kv amktmc tcvmlan tj|j aj vmi~mnhrn nrjtj

Bnvf~ln? R|jhvf~||mbc na rmnktc bn kjfn|jfmh (fc|rc c aj|ic!

bntnhbmnhbc bna rmtc bn wmhc j clrnhn|-! na kcvrc#wmhc vn vntj|j bn acv `caanocv

T|nhvj? Vn t|nhvjh acv c|~ocv! acv f~janv c|mimhjh na wmhc t|nhvj Nvrn

tcvnn kv fcac| nv kv b~|c! jvr|mhinhrn } vtn|c Vn bnvrmhj j wmhcv bn knhc|

fjambjb! fckc acv wmhcv bn knvj


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Gn|knhrjfmh kjacafrmfj? Hc mhrn|wmnhnh ajv anwjb~|jv Nv aanwjbj j

fjlc tc| ljfrn|mjv afrmfjv! z~n vch ajv nhfj|ijbjv bn r|jhvgc|kj| na fmbc kamfc

bna wmhc nh fmbc afrmfc! fchvmi~mnhbc `jfn| ja wmhc kv v~jwn } ji|jbjlan

Gmar|jfmh fch rmn||jv? Vn ~rmamjh ajv rmn||jv gvmanv c ajv tn|amrjv fckc

kjrn|mjv gmar|jhrnv! bchbn ~hj wn gc|kjbj ~hj t|nfjtj bn vrjv vcl|n ~h vctc|rn

bna gmar|c! vn `jfn tjvj| na az~mbc j gmar|j| bn gc|kj fchrmh~j! j knbmbj z~n |nfmln

~h jtc|rn c ja~wmchjbc bn acv kmvkcv kjrn|mjanv! fchvmi~mhbcvn bn nvrn kcbc aj

amktmnj bn acv kcvrcv c wmhcv nh t|cg~hbmbjb

Nvrjlmamjfmh fch g|c? Fch nvrn krcbc vn t|nrnhbn nwmrj| z~n a~nic nh

lcrnaaj vn t|cb~fjh t|nfmtmrjfmchnv mhbnvnjbjv! rjanv fckc vjanv bn fmbc

rj|r|mfc! knrjanv! t|crnhjv! kjrn|mj fcac|jhrn! nrf5 z~n fj~vj|jh ~h ngnfrc wmv~ja

hnijrmwc `jfmj nvn wmhc

Kmf|cgmar|jfmh? Fchvmvrn nh `jfn| tjvj| ~h az~mbc j r|jwv bn ~hj

knkl|jhj tc|cvj! bchbn tc| na ngnfrc bna rjkmjbc z~nbjh |nrnhmbcv nh v~

v~tn|gmfmn acv kmf|cc|ijhmvkcv? anwjb~|jv } ljfrn|mjv bn kj}c| rjkjc z~n acv

tc|cv bn aj knkl|jhj Fch nvrn kcrmwc nv mktc|rjhrn z~n acv az~mbcv j gmar|j|

aani~nh ac kv amktmc tcvmlan

F|mjhj nh lj||mfj? Fch aj f|mjhj vn t|nrnhbn clrnhn| j|ckjv fcktanocv

nh na wmhc } ~hj nvrjlmamjfmh bna fcac| z~n jvni~|n ~hj wmbj kv aj|ij ja wmhc

Aj lj||mfj t~nbn vn| bn |clan g|jhfv c |clan jkn|mfjhc B~|jhrn nvrn t|cfnvc vn

fchr|caj aj rnktn|jr~|j! `~knbjb } jm|njfmh bna jklmnhrn

F|mjhj nh lcrnaaj? Na wmhc t~nbn |ntcvj| nh aj lcrnaaj tc| ~h hkn|c bn

jcv z~n wj j bntnhbn| bn aj fjtjfmbjb bn i~j|bj bjbj t|mhfmtjaknhrn tc| v~

f~n|tc } nvr|~fr~|j Aj animvajfmh npmin ~h rmnktc khmkc nh lcrnaaj! bnvt~v bn

~hj f|mjhj nh lj||mfj! jhrnv bn z~n na wmhc t~nbj vn| fckn|fmjamjbc


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6:


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WMHMGMFJFMH NH RMHRC BN AJ NPTN\MN

f Rj|r|mfc?:+:!> i#A5Gcvgjrc lmjkhmfc? :4 i#À5 J

Nhbcz}k MFV+:4 \c~in? 4!79 kA#À5 Jfrmkjp Wmr?4 ki#A \jvth

\NFNTFMH BN ^WJ BNVTJAMAAJBC+NVR\ÔJBC NHF^LJBC \NKCHRJBCV

KJFN\

T\NHVJBC BNVF^LN

Jfmbnz Rcrja#Jfmbnz Wcarma#t@#R#Fcac|

GN\KNHRJFMH KJACAFRMFJ WMHC

R\JVMNICV FAJ\MGMFJFMH GMAR\JFMH FCH RMN\\JV

RMHRC NKLCRNAAJBC NVRJLMAM_JFMH FCH G\C

OCWNH

V~agmrjfmh? 74 ki#A9=


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Acv t|cb~frcv ~vjbcv } ajv bcvmv nktanjbjv vch?

V^AGCGN\KNHR

Nv ~hj vca~fmh fchfnhr|jbj bn lmv~agmrc jkhmfc tj|j na r|jrjkmnhrc

bn kcvrcv nh gn|knhrjfmh Fchrmnhn 744 i#A bn VC< rcrja } :9< i#A bn

hmr|inhc npt|nvjbc nh mh jkchmc H@2%

Aj jbmfmh bn VC< ja kcvrc c wmhc nvr nhfjkmhjbj j kjhrnhn| aj

nvrjlmambjb kmf|clmcaimfj! jtc|rjhbc j v~ wn ~h ngnfrc jhrmcpmbjhrn }

|nb~frc| nh jklcv

Vmh nklj|ic! hc rcbc na VC< jjbmbc fchr|ml~}n j t|ctc|fmchj| rjanv

ngnfrcv Na VC

fch fckt~nvrcv bna knbmc! nhfchr|hbchcv nh na knbmc fch bcv g|jffmchnv

lmnh bmgn|nhfmjbjv! aj g|jffmh bn VC< fcklmhjbj } aj g|jffmh bn VC i#A

GCVGJRC LMJKHMFC

V~ t|mhfmtja g~hfmh nv jtc|rj| hmr|inhc ja kcvrc tj|j gjfmamrj| na

bnvj||caac bn ajv anwjb~|jv Vn t|nvnhrj nh gc|kj bn vja lmjkhmfj nh

vjfcv bn ei

Aj bcvmv nktanjbj nh rcbjv ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv `j vmbc bn :4 i#`A

JFRMTJVJ TA^V

Nvrn t|cb~frc nv ~h jfrmwjbc| bn aj gn|knhrjfmh! vmnhbc j v~ wn ~h

h~r|mnhrn bn gn|knhrjfmh j ljvn bn gcvgjrc bn jkchmc } rmjkmhj

Fcktnhvj ajv fj|nhfmjv bn hmr|inhc } gvgc|c bna kcvrc! gjfmamrjhbc aj

k~armtamfjfmh fna~aj| Aj jvmkmajfmh rnkt|jhj bn rmjkmhj jfc|rj aj gjvn

bn ajrnhfmj fna~aj| } tn|kmrn ~h j||jhz~n kv |tmbc bn aj gn|knhrjfmh

V~ fcktcvmfmh t|mhfmtja nv?

+ Gcvgjrc lmjkhmfc? g~nhrn bn hmr|inhcmhc|ihmfc! bn |tmbj jvmkmajfmh Tcvmlmamrj


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b- Wmhmgmfjfmh 2(

WM\^RJ BN \CLAN FCH RCVRJBC VMKTAN(

Na v~|rmbc bn kjbn|jv fch ~h rcvrjbc vmktan vn aci|j bjhbc j fjbj kjbn|j

bmgn|nhrnv hmwnanv bn rcvrjbc! z~n a~nic ja knfaj|ajv! bj fcktanombjb ja wmhcO~hrc fch aj npt|nvmh g|~rja! ajv fj|jfrn|vrmfjv j|ckrmfjv vn nh|mz~nfnh

bn hcrjv jtc|rjbjv tc| na rcvrjbc! z~n wjh bnvbn aj nvtnfmj j aj g|~rj vnfj! g|~rjv

vnfjv rcvrjbjv! wjmhmaaj! fjg! `jvrj ~h v~rma rcz~n j`~kjbc! jtc|rjbc tc| ajv

rnktn|jr~|jv kv nanwjbjv bna t|cfnvc bn najlc|jfmh bn nvrn rmtc bn wm|~rj

Aj kjbn|j fch rcvrjbc vmktan rjklmh tcb|j mhrn|wnhm| bn kjhn|j

gjwc|jlan vcl|n na fcac| bna wmhc! gmojhbc acv jhrcfmjhcv tc| jtc|rn bn rjhmhcv }

g~|g~|janv Bn kjhn|j z~n ~vhbcajv nh gn|knhrjfmh t~nbnh fchvni~m| ~h fcac|kv mhrnhvc } kv nvrjlan

Aj nvr|~fr~|j nh lcfj t~nbn wn|vn |ngc|jbj } j~knhrj| na wca~knh! rjhrc

nh rmhrcv fckc nh lajhfcv Aj bcvmv nktanjbj `j vmbc : i#A


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6


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+ \ng|jfrknr|c

T|cfnbmkmnhrc?

Na i|jbc lj~k vn bnrn|kmhj fch ~h |ng|jfrknr|c z~n jbnkv bn bj|hcv

i|jbc l|mp rjklmh hcv bj na i|jbc lj~k

Tj|j bnrn|kmhj| aj bnhvmbjb vn rckj ~hj t|clnrj! amktmj } vnfj5 vm hc

nvr~wmn|j vnfj vn nho~jij ~h tj| bn wnfnv fch na kcvrc z~n vn wj j i|jb~j|! }

vn nf`j nh naaj na kcvrc Vn jimrj tj|j namkmhj| na FC


88/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

00

64.! knfajhbc jkljv nh aj t|ctc|fmh >?


89/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

0=

6 Bnrn|kmhjfmh bn fmbc kamfc knbmjhrn rnvr

nhmkrmfc

Knbmjhrn rnvr nhmkrmfc fch vnf~nhfmjbc| j~rckrmfc @}fna! kcbnac Amvj ka bn wmhc } >4 ka bn ji~j bnvrmajbj! vn jimrj } vn kmbn aj jlvc|ljhfmj j


90/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

=4

66 kA bn wmhc } kA bn @Fa 4!: H Vn jimrj } vn bnoj

|ntcvj| b~|jhrn 64 kmh~rcv J fchrmh~jfmh vn kmbn aj jlvc|ljhfmj j >:- / 666 Mhrnhvmbjb bn fcac| } rchc

Aj mhrnhvmbjb bn fcac| vn kmbn knbmjhrn na krcbc FNN :==4! tc| aj v~kj

bn ajv jlvc|ljhfmjv bna wmhc fc||nvtchbmnhrnv j ajv achimr~bnv bn chbj bn 2


91/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

=:

662 Rjhmhcv rcrjanv

Aj bnrn|kmhjfmh bn rjhmhcv vn |njamj knbmjhrn na krcbc bnvf|mrc tc|

@jin|kjh } L~ran|! :=905 kcbmgmfjbc tc| @j|ln|rvch nr ja! kmh~rcv nh jimrjfmh anhrj Bnvt~v bn aj mhf~ljfmh! aj k~nvr|j vn

fnhr|mg~ij nh ~hj kmf|cfnhr|g~ij @n|jn~v kcbnac Lmcg~in tmfc (@n|jn~v

Mhvr|~knhrv! Cvrn|cbn! Jankjhmj-! > kmh j :6>44 i tj|j t|nfmtmrj| na fcktanoc

rjhmhc+t|crnhj Na t|nfmtmrjbc vn ajwj fch 4 A bna kmvkc rjkth ~rmamjbc

tj|j bmvcawn| aj LVJ (fmbc jfrmfc 44

i tj|j wcawn| j t|nfmtmrj| na fcktanoc rjhmhc+t|crnhj Aj bmvca~fmh bn ajwjbc vn

namkmhj } vn jjbnh 09> A bn ~h rjkth z~n fchrmnhn r|mnrjhcajkmhj (RNJ- ja

>. (w#w- } bcbnfmav~agjrc bn vcbmc (VBV- Na r~lc vn kjhrmnhn j rnktn|jr~|j

jklmnhrn b~|jhrn :4 kmh Tcvrn|mc|knhrn! na r~lc vn jimrj nh ~h wc|rnp `jvrj

|nbmvcawn| fcktanrjknhrn na t|nfmtmrjbc

Fckc na wmhc t|nvnhrj ~hj jlvc|ljhfmj ljvn j >:4 hk! aj k~nvr|j vn

kjhrmnhn j rnktn|jr~|j jklmnhrn b~|jhrn :4 kmh bnvt~v bn jimrj| } vn kmbn aj

jlvc|ljhfmj ljvn j >:4 hk Bnvt~v bn aj anfr~|j! vn jjbnh : A bna |njfrmwc

bn fac|~|c g||mfc } bnvt~v bn :4 kmh vn bnrn|kmhj h~nwjknhrn aj jlvc|ljhfmj j

>:4 hk Aj jlvc|ljhfmj bnlmbj j acv rjhmhcv vn bnrn|kmhj |nvrjhbc aj jlvc|ljhfmj

ljvn bn aj anfr~|j gmhja j >:4 hk Aj jbmfmh bna |njfrmwc bn fac|~|c g||mfc } aj


92/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

=4 } 644 i bn (%-+fjrnz~mhj tj|j clrnhn| wj|mcv t~hrcv } vn bmv~nawnh fch

~hj bmvca~fmh bn nrjhca ja :4. fch RNJ#VBV! aanwhbcajv `jvrj ~h wca~knh

gmhja bn 09> A J fchrmh~jfmh vn jbmfmchjh : A bn GnFa6 } vn knfajh fch

~h wc|rnp! bnohbcacv |njffmchj| b~|jhrn bmn kmh~rcv R|jv nvn rmnktc vn kmbn ajjlvc|ljhfmj bn aj bmvca~fmh gmhja j ~hj achimr~b bn chbj bn >:4 hk

Na fn|c bn aj |nfrj vn clrmnhn ctn|jhbc bn kjhn|j vmkmaj|! tn|c nvrj wn hc

vn jbmfmchj hjbj bn (%-+fjrnz~mhj5 vmktanknhrn vn jbmfmchj j ~h wca~knh bn 09>

A bn aj bmvca~fmh bn nrjhca fch RNJ#VBV : A bn GnFa6 } r|jv na rmnktc bn

|njffmh vn kmbn aj jlvc|ljhfmj j >:4 hk

@j} z~n rnhn| nh f~nhrj z~n fch nvrn krcbc vac tcbnkcv bnrn|kmhj|

rjhmhcv tcamkn|mjbcv fch f~jr|c c kv v~l~hmbjbnv! }j z~n hc nv fjtj bnbnrn|kmhj| lmnh acv bkn|cv } r|kn|cv


93/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

=6

62 F\CKJRCI\JGJ AZ^MBJ BN JARJ

T\NVMH

62: Bnrn|kmhjfmh bn najimrjhmhcv

Na krcbc vni~mbc nv na bnvf|mrc tc| Wmwjv nr ja (:==7-! fch amin|jv

kcbmgmfjfmchnv tj|j jbnf~j|ac j h~nvr|jv fchbmfmchnv bn r|jljoc Vn g~hbjknhrj

nh aj `mb|amvmv fmbj bn acv najimrjhmhcv nh ~h ljc+kj|j! vni~mbc bn ~h jhamvmv

f~jhrmrjrmwc knbmjhrn @TAF bna fmbc naimfc amln|jbc

Vn nwjtc|jh `jvrj vnz~nbjb > kA bn wmhc nh ~h |crjwjtc| j 24F Nh ~h

r~lc bn `mb|amvmv fn||jbc fch ~h vnaac bn Rngach! vn vca~lmamj na fchrnhmbc fch >

kA bn knrjhca#@Fa 7H (0!2?:!7- Vn kmbn na fmbc naimfc t|nvnhrn }! bnvt~v bn

bcv `c|jv bn `mb|amvmv fmbj (ljc bn jfnmrn j :44F-! na fmbc naimfc amln|jbc

Aj bmgn|nhfmj nhr|n acv bcv wjac|nv fc||nvtchbn j aj fchfnhr|jfmh bn najimrjhmhcv

Acv |nv~arjbcv vn npt|nvjh nh ki#A bn nz~mwjanhrnv bn fjvrjajimhj! }j z~n nh

nvrjv fchbmfmchnv! ~h kca bn fjvrjajimhj fc||nvtchbn j ~h kca bn fmbc naimfc?

Najimrjhmhcv (ki#A- } ; :4047p + 0=99!2 |< ; 4!===6

Ajv k~nvr|jv vch mh}nfrjbjv nh na nz~mtc f|ckjrci|gmfc r|jv vn| gmar|jbjv

fch gmar|cv bn h}ach bn 4!2> k (Kmaanp+@H! Kmaamtc|n- Na jhamvmv vn aanwj j fjlc

nh ~h f|ckjri|jgc az~mbc (Jaamjhfn k-! Kn|fe

Gjvn kwma fckt~nvrj tc| fmbc g|kmfc > . (Na~}nhrn J- } knrjhca

(Na~}nhrn B-


94/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

=2

I|jbmnhrn

Rmnktc (kmh- Ga~oc(kA#kmh- Na~}nhrn J Na~}nhrn B

4 :!44 =0

2> :!44 9>

>4 4!04 9>

7> 4!04 9>

94 4!04 4 :44

9> :!44 4 :44

04 :!44 =0 :!44 =0 JHAMVMV VNHVC\MJA

Vn aanwj|ch j fjlc bcv rmtcv bn t|~nljv vnhvc|mjanv! ~hj bnvf|mtrmwj bn

tn|gma } cr|j bn rmtc r|mjhi~aj| Nh na t|mkn| fjvc! acv jr|ml~rcv j wjac|j| }j nvrh

bnvf|mrcv (Gmi~|j 6>:-! } vn anv tmbn j acv fjrjbc|nv z~n vnjanh aj kjihmr~b bn

ajv fj|jfrn|vrmfjv bna wmhc z~n vn t|nrnhbn bnvf|mlm| } f~jhrmgmfj| Nvrjv

fj|jfrn|vrmfjv vn bmwmbnh nh r|nv i|~tcv! na fcac|! na j|ckj } na i~vrc Na tjhna bn

fjrj tj|j nvrn rmtc bn t|~nljv nvrjlj gc|kjbc tc| fmhfc fjrjbc|nv bna

bntj|rjknhrc bn Nhcacij bn Rnfhcacij bn acv jamknhrcv bn aj ^hmwn|vmbjb bn

K~|fmj } jai~hcv fcajlc|jbc|nv fch fmn|rj nptn|mnhfmj


95/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

=>

Gnf`j?Fjrjbc|?

K^NVR\J

T^HR^J\ bn : j :4 J KJ]C\ VNHVJFMH KJ]C\ T^HR^JFMH

Gmi~|j 6(>(:(? Gmf`j fjrj bnvf|mtrmwj(

Aj t|~nlj r|mjhi~aj| vn jtamfj tj|j bnrn|kmhj| vm npmvrnh bmgn|nhfmjv nhr|n

ajv fj|jfrn|vrmfjv bn bcv wmhcv Nv ~hj t|~nlj bn bmgn|nhfmjfmh nh aj z~n vn

t|nvnhrjh ja fjrjbc| r|nv k~nvr|jv fcbmgmfjbjv! bcv bn ajv f~janv vch mi~janv! } vn

an tmbn z~n mhbmz~n f~ja nv aj k~nvr|j bmgn|nhrn } f~ja nv v~ k~nvr|j t|ngn|mbj

Tj|j bnrn|kmhj| acv |nv~arjbcv vn ~rmam aj rfhmfj bna o~mfmc gc|jbc nh aj z~n

vn v~kjh hmfjknhrn ajv |nvt~nvrjv fc||nfrjv } vn fckt|~nlj knbmjhrn rjlajv

nvrjbvrmfjv vm aj bmgn|nhfmj nv vmihmgmfjrmwj Acv fjrjbc|nv ~rmamjbcv nh nvrj

t|~nlj g~n|ch bcfn! jai~hcv fch tcfc nhr|nhjkmnhrc t|nwmc } cr|cv

: < 6 2FCAC\MhrnhvmbjbRchjambjb (wmcanrj-J\CKJMhrnhvmbjbFjambjbWjmhmaajKjbn|jNvtnfmjbc (Fajwc! Tmkmnhrj-Nktm|n~krmfc (@~kc! Rcvrjbc-@n|lfnc (`mn|lj! `nhc-Jhmkja (F~n|c! f~jb|j-G|~rj g|nvfjG|~rj kjb~|jAfrncI^VRCMhrnhvmbjbFjambjb (J|kchj-F~n|tcNz~maml|mcTn|vmvrnhfmjJkj|ic|Jvr|mhinhfmjVnz~nbjb


96/144

Kjrn|mjanv } Krcbcv

=7

tn|rnhnfmnhrnv ja bntj|rjknhrc bn nhcacij! j acv z~n vn an t|nvnhr ~hj gmf`j bn

fjrj (Gmi~|j 6>(


97/144

2 \NV^ARJBCV] BMVF^VMH


98/144

\nv~arjbcv } bmvf~vmh

=0

2: NWCA^FMH BNA FCAC\ NH WMHCV RMHRCV

Vn `j nvr~bmjbc na ngnfrc nvrjlmamjhrn nh na fcac| bna wmhc bn aj jbmfmh bn

wm|~rjv bn |clan } bn rjhmhcv

Vn `j z~n|mbc wn| z~n rmtc bn rjhmhc jbmfmchjbc } z~n rmtc bn wm|~rj nv kvngmfj nh nvrj ajlc| } nh ajv t|ctmnbjbnv c|ijhcatrmfjv tcvrn|mc|nv! bn j` na ~vc

bn acv bmvrmhrcv t|cb~frcv fch bmgn|nhrnv fj|jfrn|vrmfjv

2:: Knbmbjv nvtnfr|cgcrckr|mfjv

2::: Jhamvmv bna rchc

Na rchc t|ctc|fmchj ~hj |najfmh bn aj t|ctc|fmh bn fckt~nvrcv z~n

jlvc|lnh j 2


99/144


==

4!44

4!:4

4!4

4!74

4!94

4!04

4!=4

:!44

: < 6 2 > 7 9

Bjv

Rchc

Knzfaj bn rjhmhcv

Wm|~rj rcvrjbc vmktan

Rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv

Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|

I|jgmfj 2(:? Wj|mjfmh bna rchc nh gn|knhrjfmh jafc`amfj(

Ja fckmnhc bn aj najlc|jfmh bna wmhc! acv wjac|nv bn rchc vch k~}

nanwjbcv jafjhjhbc fcrjv t|pmkjv j aj ~hmbjb! ac z~n hcv mhbmfj z~n b~|jhrn

nvrn tn|mcbc t|nbckmhjh fckt~nvrcv jkj|maacv g|nhrn j acv |cocv Nvrn gnhknhc

rmnhn ~hj nptamfjfmh aimfj! t~nvrc z~n ja t|mhfmtmc bna t|cfnvc! na ~kc

clrnhmbc bna nvr|~ojbc bn aj ~wj nv t|frmfjknhrn mhfcac|c

B~|jhrn na t|cfnvc bn gn|knhrjfmh jafc`amfj } kjfn|jfmh! na rchc

bmvkmh~}n! rckjhbc wjac|nv fckt|nhbmbcv nhr|n 4!2 } 4!>5 wjac|nv kv jbnf~jbcv

j wmhcv ownhnv! bnlmbcv j aj npr|jffmh! b~|jhrn aj kjfn|jfmh! bn aj kjrn|mj

fcac|jhrn |coj

Na rchc nv ~h tj|knr|c z~n rmnhbn j m| j~knhrjhbc fchgc|kn r|jhvf~||n na

nhwnonfmkmnhrc } nwca~fmchj na wmhc Nvrc nv bnlmbc j aj bmvkmh~fmh bn

fckt~nvrcv z~n jlvc|lnh a~ j >


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:44

~h fcac| |coc+jhj|jhojbc z~n `jfnh z~n rmnhbj j j~knhrj| na rchc ( Kj|rhn!

:===5 Tj|bc } Hjwj||c! :==6-

Acv wjac|nv bn rchc vch k~} vmkmaj|nv nh ajv f~jr|c wmhmgmfjfmchnv b~|jhrn

aj gn|knhrjfmh jafc`amfj! j~hz~n ja gmhja bna t|cfnvc! ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch

jbmfmh bn wm|~rj vmh rcvrj| } rcvrjbc vmktan rmnhnh ~hj rnhbnhfmj f|nfmnhrn nh na

wjac| bna rchc! kmnhr|jv z~n nh na fjvc bn rjhmhcv aj rnhbnhfmj hc nv rja Nvrc hcv

t~nbn mhbmfj| z~n ajv wm|~rjv t~nbnh inhn|j| wmhcv kv nwca~fmchjbcv fch knhcv

kjrmfnv t|t~|j! fj|jfrn|vrmfc bn wmhcv ownhnv! z~n acv rjhmhcv Nvrn gnhknhc

bn fj|frn| nwca~rmwc tc| tj|rn bn aj wm|~rj! nv fchgm|kjbc tc| aj nptn|mnhfmj

|njamjbj tc| Bna ajkc nr ja (

4!24

4!2>

4!>4

4!>>

4!74

4!7>

4!94

4!9>

4!04


101/144


:4:

Nh aj i|gmfj vn fchgm|kj ac z~n `jljkcv nvtnf~ajbc Wnkcv fckc aj

rchjambjb bn acv wmhcv r|jrjbcv fch wm|~rj t|nvnhrjh ~h kj}c| wjac| bn rchc z~n

acv r|jrjbcv fch rjhmhcv! ac z~n hcv mhbmfj ~hj kj}c| nwca~fmh bna fcac| (kj}c|

fcktchnhrn jkj|maaj-

Vn jt|nfmj faj|jknhrn fckc na wmhc r|jrjbc fch wm|~rj vmh rcvrj| t|nvnhrj na

kj}c| rchc bn ajv f~jr|c wmhmgmfjfmchnv! ac z~n hcv mhbmfj z~n t|nvnhrj knhcv

rchcv wmcafncv+t|t~|j! t|ctmcv bn acv wmhcv ownhnv! } kv rchcv jkj|maacv Acv

cr|cv r|nv t|nvnhrjh rchjambjbnv vmkmaj|nv! j~hz~n na wmhc r|jrjbc fch wm|~rj fch

rcvrjbc vmktan t|nvnhrj faj|jknhrn ~hj rchjambjb kj}c|

2::


102/144


:4

:4

:>

7 9

Bjv

Fcac|

Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|

Rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv


Knzfaj rjhmhcv

I|gmfj 2(6(? Nwca~fmh bn aj mhrnhvmbjb b~|jhrn gn|knhrjfmh

jafc`amfj(

Na bnvfnhvc z~n vn jt|nfmj nh na fcac| bn rcbjv ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv! ~hj wn

jafjhjbc na kpmkc! nv fckh j f~jaz~mn| t|cfnvc bn najlc|jfmh Nhr|n ajv

fj~vjv z~n inhn|jh aj t|bmbj bn fcac| rnhnkcv? aj rnktn|jr~|j b~|jhrn na t|cfnvc

bn najlc|jfmh! z~n t|cwcfj aj nwca~fmh bn acv jhrcfmjhcv j ajv f`jafchjv

(mhfcac|jv- } gjwc|nfn aj fmhrmfj bn |njffmh fch na cpinhc! cr|j fj~vj bna

bnvfnhvc bn fcac| tc| bnvr|~ffmh bn acv jhrcfmjhcv Rjklmh `j} z~n rnhn| nh

f~nhrj z~n ~hj wn npr|jbcv bn acv `caanocv! acv jhrcfmjhcv t~nbnh wcawn| j

jbvc|ln|vn nh acv t|ctmcv `caanocv bn acv z~n t|cfnbnh } rjklmh t~nbnh

jbvc|ln|vn vcl|n ajv anwjb~|jv Tc| armkc rjklmh tcbnkcv bnfm| z~n t~nbnh

t|nfmtmrj| o~hrc j |nvrcv bn t~atj } cr|jv t|crnhjv z~n tcvnj na kcvrc Jvmkmvkc!

na jklmnhrn |nb~frc| bna bntvmrc t~nbn `jfn| z~n tj|rn bn acv jhrcfmjhcv nvrh bn

gc|kj mhfcac|j

Nh na kcknhrc bna bnvf~ln bn aj wmhmgmfjfmh fch knfaj bn rjhmhcv

wnkcv! vnih aj i|imfj 26! fckc na hmwna bn mhrnhvmbjb fcac|jhrn bn aj


103/144


:46

wmhmgmfjfmh fch wm|~rj vmh rcvrj| t|nvnhrj na kj}c| hmwna! vmnhbc j fchrmh~jfmh

ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch rjhmhcv ajv z~n t|nvnhrjh kj}c|nv hmwnanv } aj wmhmgmfjfmh

fch wm|~rj fch rcvrjbc vmktan aj z~n t|nvnhrj knhc| wjac| nh nvn kcknhrc Tn|c

vm jrnhbnkcv ja bnvf~ln bn acv cr|cv gn|knhrjbc|nv vn jt|nfmj fckc ajv

wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch wm|~rj rmnhnh ~hj kj}c| fjbj nh na wjac| bn aj mhrnhvmbjb

fcac|jhrn! kmnhr|jv z~n ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch rjhmhcv hc fjnh rjh hcrjlanknhrn

Nvrc t~nbn vn| bnlmbc j z~n acv rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv jbmfmchjbcv

gjwc|nfnh aj nvrjlmamjfmh bna fcac| ja gc|kj| fcklmhjfmchnv fch acv jhrcfmjhcv

t|cfnbnhrnv bn aj ~wj! }j z~n nh acv kcknhrcv mhmfmjanv rcbjwj hc `j} rjhmhcv

t|ctmcv bn aj ~wj } vrcv |njamjh v~ g~hfmh Nh na fjvc bn aj wm|~rj! aj mhrnhvmbjb

fcac|jhrn nv knhc| tc|z~n acv rjhmhcv z~n jtc|rjh ajv wm|~rjv vch rjhmhcv

`mb|camjlanv t|mhfmtjaknhrn! acv f~janv vch tj|rmf~aj|knhrn cpmbjlanv } ja

cpmbj|vn jhrnv z~n acv jhrcfmjhcv } t|cfmjhmbmhjv acv t|crninh bn aj cpmbjfmh }

bni|jbjfmh Tn|c ~hj wn |njamjbj v~ g~hfmh bnvjtj|nfnh! } vm nh acv wmhcv hc

`j} rcbjwj ljvrjhrnv rjhmhcv npr|jbcv bn aj t|ctmj ~wj hc vn t~nbnh gc|kj| acv

fcktanocv nhr|n jhrcfmjhcv+rjhmhcv z~n nvrjlmamj na fcac|! bn kjhn|j z~n na fcac|

fjn j wjac|nv kv ljocv Bn nvrj kjhn|j! tj|nfn bnkcvr|jbc z~n acv hmfcv

fjtjfnv bn fcklmhj|vn bm|nfrjknhrn fch acv jhrcfmjhcv vch acv rjhmhcv

fchbnhvjbcv! j~hz~n acv `mb|camjlanv rjklmh tj|rmfmtjh nh aj nvrjlmamjfmh bna

wmhc (Camwj!


104/144


:42

4

7 9

Bjv

Jh

rcfmjhcv(ki#A-

Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|

Rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv


Knzfaj bn rjhmhcv

I|gmfj 2(>(? Wj|mjfmh bn acv jhrcfmjhcv rcrjanv npr|jbcv b~|jhrn G(J(

2::2 hbmfn bn tcamgnhcanv rcrjanv (MTR-

Fckc tcbnkcv wn| nh aj gmi~|j 27! vn jt|nfmjh bmgn|nhfmjv hcrjlanv nhr|n

ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch jbmfmh bn rjhmhcv } jz~naajv fch wm|~rjv Vn jt|nfmj fckc

ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch rjhmhcv t|nvnhrjh kj}c|nv hmwnanv bn MTR! vcl|n rcbc aj

wmhmgmfjfmh fch rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv Nvrn `nf`c nv aimfc! }j z~n naacv kmvkcv

tj|rmfmtjh nh aj knbmbj bn nvn tj|knr|c jtc|rjhbc fckt~nvrcv z~n jlvc|lnh j


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108/144


:40

4

:4

4

74

94

04

=4

: < 6 2 > 7 9

Bjv

MTR

Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|Rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv


Knzfaj bn rjhmhcv

I|gmfj 2(7(? Wj|mjfmh bna M(T(R( b~|jhrn G(J(

2::> Rjhmhcv rcrjanv

Fckc vn jt|nfmj nh aj gmi~|j 20! nh na fjvc bn jbmfmh bn rjhmhcv

fchbnhvjbcv! na wjac| bn rjhmhcv rcrjanv nv v~tn|mc| z~n nh na |nvrc bn acv fjvcv

Nvrn `nf`c nv fc`n|nhrn }j z~n ac z~n jbmfmchjkcv vch rjhmhcv } nvrcv nhr|jh j

gc|kj| tj|rn bn aj knbmbj Nh aj wmhmgmfjfmh z~n jbmfmchjkcv knfaj bn rjhmhcvrjklmh tcvnn hmwnanv kj}c|nv z~n nh ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch wm|~rjv! tn|c hmwnanv

mhgn|mc|nv j aj wmhmgmfjfmh fch rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv Nvrc t~nbn vn| bnlmbc j z~n

nh nvrn t|ntj|jbc nhcaimfc hc rcbcv acv rjhmhcv vch fchbnhvjbcv } acv

`mb|camjlanv hc vch bnrn|kmhjbcv tc| nvrj knbmbj

Ja mhmfmc bna t|cfnvc gn|knhrjrmwc t|mkn|c vn npr|jnh acv rjhmhcv bn aj

tmna! acv f~janv vn npr|jnh anhrjknhrn } j ~h hmwna mhgn|mc| j cr|cv tcamgnhcanv!

fckc acv jhrcfmjhcv (\ml|nj~+Ij}ch nr ja! :===-! bnlmbc j acv ljocv hmwnanv bnjafc`ca } j ajv rnktn|jr~|jv kcbn|jbjv Fchgc|kn jwjhj aj gn|knhrjfmh


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:4=

j~knhrj na jafc`ca } aj rnktn|jr~|j gjwc|nfmnhbc aj npr|jffmh bn jhmhcv bn ajv

tmnanv Jbnkv! na jafc`ca bmv~nawn aj f~rf~aj bn ajv vnkmaajv! tn|kmrmnhbc aj

npr|jffmh bn acv rjhmhcv bn ajv kmvkjv ( Bnarnma! :==>- Nvrn gnhknhc tcb|j vn|

~hj bn ajv fj~vjv z~n `jfnh z~n na hmwna bn rjhmhcv bn aj wmhmgmfjfmh fch wm|~rj

vmh rcvrj| vnj kj}c| ja gmhja bna bnvf~ln z~n nh na fjvc bna ~vc bn wm|~rj fch

rcvrjbc vmktan n mhfa~vc nh na fjvc bn knfaj bn rjhmhcv! }j z~n tn|kjhnfn ~h bj

kv nh na gn|knhrjbc| fch jarcv hmwnanv bn jafc`ca z~n gjwc|nfn ~hj kj}c|

npr|jffmh bn rjhmhcv

Ja gmhja bna t|cfnvc! r|jv nvrjlmamjfmh tc| g|c! vn clvn|wj fckc ajv

wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch jbmfmh bn rjhmhcv nhcaimfcv t|nvnhrjh kj}c|nv hmwnanv bn

rjhmhcv Jaic z~n j v~ wn nv fc`n|nhrn bnlmbc j z~n `nkcv jtc|rjbc ~hj

fjhrmbjb jbmfmchja j aj z~n aanwjlj aj ~wj Nvrc hcv t~nbn mhbmfj| z~n acv wmhcv

fch rjhmhcv tcb|jh tcvnn| hmwnanv bn fcac| kj}c|! rja } fckc fc||clc|jh ajv

knbmbjv fcac|mkr|mfjv jhrnv jtc|rjbjv! } t|nvnhrj| nh lcfj kj}c| rjhmfmbjb


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::4

4

4

46#:4

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42#:4

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4>#

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Fchr|ca \njamzjbc

RjhmhcvRcrjanv(ki#a-

Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|


Rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv

Knzfaj bn rjhmhcv

I|gmfj 2(0(? Wj|mjfmh bn acv rjhmhcv rcrjanv(

2::7 Bnrn|kmhjfmh bn najimrjhmhcv

Acv najimrjhmhcv vch ~h rmtc bn rjhmhc `mb|camjlan! f~}j g~nhrn kv

fckh nv aj kjbn|j bn |clan Hc tj|rmfmtjh nh na j|ckj bn acv wmhcv tn|c vm z~n

t~nbnh rnhn| ~hj mktc|rjhfmj nh acv gnhknhcv bn jvr|mhinhfmj! jv fckc nh aj

nwca~fmh bna fcac| bn acv wmhcv V~ fchfnhr|jfmh t~nbn bmvkmh~m| fch na rmnktc

nh na wmhc tc|z~n t~nbnh vn| cpmbjbcv c mhrn|jffmchj| fch tcamvjf|mbcv!

anwjb~|jv c kjhct|crnmhjv Rjklmh vn `j t|ct~nvrc z~n mhga~}nh nh na wmhc

|ni~ajhbc ajv |njffmchnv z~n cf~||nh b~|jhrn na nhwnonfmkmnhrc! knoc|jhbc na

fcac| } nvrjlmambjb bna wmhc } |nb~fmnhbc aj jvr|mhinhfmj gjwc|nfmnhbc

fchbnhvjfmchnv rjhmhc+jhrcfmjhc

Nh nvrj nptn|mknhrjfmh vn `jh ~rmamjbc wm|~rjv bn |clan g|jhfv Nvrn

`nf`c nv ~h gjfrc| j rnhn| nh f~nhrj! }j z~n aj kjbn|j bn |clan g|jhfv jtc|rj


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kj}c| fchfnhr|jfmh bn nvrcv fckt~nvrcv z~n cr|cv rmtcv bn kjbn|j bn |clan

(Tn|n T|mnrc!


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::

kj}c|nv |nf~n|bcv j g|~rj g|nvfj! } acv bcv rmtcv bn rjhmhcv rjklmh bnvrjfjh nh na

|nf~n|bc bn g|~rj kjb~|j

6!44

2!44

>!44

7!44

9!44MHRNHVMBJB

FJAMBJB

F^N\TC

NZ^MAML\MC

TN\VMVRNHFMJ

JKJ\IC\

JVR\MHINHFMJ

VNZ^NBJB

Wm|~rj rcvrjbc vmktan Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|

Rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv Knzfaj bn rjhmhcv

I|gmfj 2(::(?Nwja~jfmh vnhvc|mja bna i~vrc bn acv wmhcv najlc|jbcv nh aj nptn|mnhfmj(

Fjbj t~hrc nv aj knbmj bn aj nwja~jfmh bn vmnrn fjrjbc|nv(

Nh lcfj! acv wmhcv najlc|jbcv fch jbmfmh bn rjhmhc t|nvnhrjh kj}c|

fjambjb! mhrnhvmbjb! f~n|tc } tn|vmvrnhfmj z~n acv wmhcv r|jrjbcv fch wm|~rjv bn

|clan Vmh nklj|ic! ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch rjhmhcv t|nvnhrjh ~hj kj}c|

jvr|mhinhfmj } vnz~nbjb (Bnarnma!


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::7

F|nvt} (:< :

W: W: (9-R:

:< ::///R: (2-

W< W< (>-R:

:< : 6!:9

W: W: (>-R-

W< W< (>-R! bjhbc na knhc| wjac| f~jhbc hc `j}

bmgn|nhfmj jai~hjv nhr|n ajv fj|jfrn|vrmfjv bn acv wmhcv nhg|nhrjbcv! } na kpmkc

wjac| f~jhbc ajv bmgn|nhfmjv nhfchr|jbjv vch k~} g~n|rnv

Vn clvn|wj z~n ajv kj}c|nv bmgn|nhfmjv vn nhf~nhr|jh nh ajv vnhvjfmchnv

bna i~vrc (nhr|n

z~n ajv bmgn|nhfmjv nh na fcac| vch jaic knhcv jf~vjbjv! j~hz~n rmnhnh ~h

t|cknbmc fckt|nhbmbc nhr|n

Jhjamjhbc ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch rjhmhcv wnkcv z~n aj kj}c| bmgn|nhfmj

nhr|n jklcv rmtcv bn rjhmhcv vn nhf~nhr|j nh aj gjvn i~vrjrmwj! bchbn jafjhj ~h

wjac| knbmc! j~hz~n rjklmh nh aj cagjrmwj nv t|pmkj j nvrn wjac| Vm jrnhbnkcv

j aj t|ngn|nhfmj bn aj inhrn wnkcv z~n aj knfaj bn rjhmhcv rmnhn kj}c|

jfntrjfmh! j~hz~n aj bmgn|nhfmj nv tnz~nj (rjklmh `jl|j z~n fchvmbn|j| aj

kj}c| wjac|jfmh bn aj bnvf|mtrmwj-

Bna kmvkc kcbc! jhjamjhbc ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv fch wm|~rj tcbnkcv

jt|nfmj| z~n ajv bmgn|nhfmjv nh acv r|nv jhamvmv vnhvc|mjanv vch fchvmbn|jlanv! }j

z~n rjhrc aj gjvn cagjrmwj! fckc aj i~vrjrmwj vn nhf~nhr|jh nh wjac|nv t|cknbmc

nhr|n 6 } 2 (nhr|n bmgn|nhfmjv knbmjv } g~n|rnv- Nh aj gjvn wmv~ja rjklmh vn t~nbn

jt|nfmj| bmgn|nhfmjv hcrjlanv! j~hz~n hc rjhrc fckc nh ajv cr|jv bcv gjvnv

jhjamjbjv Jrnhbmnhbc j acv i~vrcv bn acv fjrjbc|nv! nh nvrcv nhg|nhrjkmnhrcv!

wnkcv fckc aj wm|~rj fch rcvrjbc vmktan t|nwjanfn vcl|n aj wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|

Jrnhbmnhbc j acv nhg|nhrjkmnhrcv nhr|n acv rjhmhcv } wm|~rjv! fjln bnvrjfj|

aj i|jh bmgn|nhfmj npmvrnhrn nh rcbjv ajv gjvnv vnhvc|mjanv! bnvrjfjhbc aj gjvncagjrmwj (6!0


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::0

rjklmh bnvrjfj aj bmgn|nhfmj nhfchr|jbj nhr|n jklcv nh aj gjvn cagjrmwj! rckjhbc

~h wjac| t|cknbmc t|pmkc j bmgn|nhfmj g~n|rn (6!9>-

F~jhbc vn nhg|nhrjh acv wmhcv z~n aanwjh wm|~rj fch rcvrjbc vmktan g|nhrn

j acv z~n aanwjh knfaj bn rjhmhcv! aj kj}c| bmgn|nhfmj vn nhf~nhr|j nh aj gjvn

cagjrmwj (6!2>-! nvrjhbc nvrj bmgn|nhfmj nh na mhrn|wjac fckt|nhbmbc nhr|n knbmc }

g~n|rn Ajv bmgn|nhfmjv nhfchr|jbjv nh ajv cr|jv bcv fj|jfrn|vrmfjv c|ijhcatrmfjv!

i~vrc } wmvrj! jafjhjh wjac|nv t|pmkcv j bmgn|nhfmjv knbmjv (

wmv~ja }

Bna kmvkc kcbc! vm nhg|nhrjkcv acv wmhcv z~n aanwjh wm|~rjv fch rcvrjbc

vmktan g|nhrn j acv z~n aanwjh rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv! aj kj}c| bmgn|nhfmj vn

nhf~nhr|j nh aj gjvn i~vrjrmwj (6!64-! nvrjhbc ajv cr|jv bcv fj|jfrn|vrmfjv

c|ijhcatrmfjv bnhr|c bna mhrn|wjac bn bmgn|nhfmjv knbmjv

Nh jklcv fjvcv (wmhcv fch wm|~rj fch rcvrjbc vmktan wv knfaj bn rjhmhcv

} wm|~rj fch rcvrjbc vmktan wv rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv- ajv bmgn|nhfmjv vn nhf~nhr|jh

nh ~h mhrn|wjac nhr|n knbmc } g~n|rn! bn kjhn|j z~n vn bmvrmhi~nh faj|jknhrn

c|ijhcatrmfjknhrn

Vm hcv gmojkcv nh ajv t|ngn|nhfmjv bn acv fjrjbc|nv vn clvn|wj fkc na wmhc

fch wm|~rj fch rcvrjbc vmktan t|nwjanfn g|nhrn j acv wmhcv fch knfaj bn rjhmhcv!

vmh nklj|ic! f~jhbc nhg|nhrjkcv acv wmhcv fch wm|~rjv fch rcvrjbc vmktan g|nhrn j

acv wmhcv fch rjhmhcv fchbnhvjbcv hc t|nwjanfn hmhi~hc! nvrjhbc jklcv wmhcv

mi~jaknhrn jfntrjbcv


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> FCHFA^VMCHNV


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Fchfa~vmchnv

:


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Fchfa~vmchnv

:


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7LMLAMCI\JGJ


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Lmlamci|jgj

:-Bnrn|kmhjrmch cg r`n j|ckj r|nv`cab cg r`n fmv jhb r|jhv |jfnkmf gc|kv cg +Knr`}a++Cfrjajfrchn l} Ijv+F`|ckjrci|jt`}+Vhmggmhi Jhja}vmv Jk O NhcaWmrmf! 27!


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Lmlamci|jgj

:

FJFJFN O N ] KJ__J! I (=6=+>=27

FNACRRM! N! LJRRMVR^RRJ! G! FCK^__C! T!VFCRRM! L!TCMHVJ^R! T ] _M\CHM! \ (

F@JRCHHNR! T! LCMB\CH! O H ] TCHV! K (:==4- anwjinv bnvwmhv |c~inv nh grv bn f`hn? wca~rmch bn fn|rjmhv fcktcvv wcajrmav nr bn an~|mktjfr j|ckjrmz~n Vfm Jamknhrv! :4! >7>+>09

F@N]HMN\! W! KC^RC^HNR! K ] VJ\HM KJHF@JBC! T

(


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Lmlamci|jgj

:

BJAAJV! F! \MFJ\BC BJ VMAWJ! O K ] AJ^\NJHC! C (:==7-T|cb~frv gc|knb mh kcbna ymhn vca~rmchv mhwcawmhi jhr`cf}jhmhv! t|cf}jhmbmh L

BNA AJKC VJH_J! K! HNWJ\NV+BCKHI^N_! M ] IJ\FJ+KN\MHC! V (


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Lmlamci|jgj

:

IMKHN_ KJ\RHN_! \! ATN_ IJ\FJ BN AJVN\\JHJ! @! WMAAJAH KM\! K! Z^NVJBJ I\JHJBCV! O ] ATN_KJ\RHN_! K F (:==7- Mhga~nhfn cg yccb `njr r|njrknhr ! rnktn|jr~|n jhbkjfn|jrmch rmkn ch wjhmaamh! v}|mhijabn`}bn jhb ijaamf jfmb fchrnhrv mh cje yccbjhb ymhn vtm|mr kmpr~|nvJk ONhca Wmrmf! 29! 22:+227

I\MVNLJF@! @ (:=04=

@J\LCHN! O L ] @JAA! N (:=97- Tajhr tca}t`nhcav PMMM R`nv}vrnkjrmf bmvr|ml~rmch jhb c|mimh cg jhr`cf}jhmhv fchrjmhmhi l|jhf`nbr|mvjff`j|mbnv T`}rcf`nk! 6! 2>6+276

@J\LC\HN! O L (:=97- F`nkmvr|} jhb lmcf`nkmvr|} cg tajhr tmiknhrvM Jf T|nvv H~nwj ]c|e

@J]JVJEJ! ] ] JVNHVRC\GN\! \ N (7+97:

@\J_BMHJ! I (:=0+:00

EA^KTN\V! O! VFJALN\R! J ] OJHMH! I (:==2- Naajimrjhhmhv mhn~|ctnjh cje yccb? tca}kn|mjrmch b~|mhi yccb jinmhi T`}rcf`nk! 67! :


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Lmlamci|jgj

:! :=


128/144

Lmlamci|jgj

:


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Lmlamci|jgj

:64

VCKN\V! R F (:=9:- R`n tca}kn|mf hjr~|n cg ymhn tmiknhrvT`}rcf`nk! :4! +4=+>:! 62=+6>- Nh R`n gajwchcmbvJfjbnkmfT|nvv Hny ]c|e

RMKLN\AJEN! F G ] L\MBAN! T (:=06+:

WMWJV! H (:==9- Fcktcvmrmch nr t|ct|mrv bnv t|tj|jrmchfckkn|fmjanv bn rjhmhv ~vjin cnhcacimz~n\nw Cnhca! +


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Lmlamci|jgj

:6:

WMWJV! H! IAC\MNV! ]! LC^\INCMV! I ] WMR\]! F (:==7- Anvnaajimrjhmhv bn lcmv bn fcn~| bn bmgn|nhrnv nvtnvnv bn f`hnv (Z~n|f~v vt- nr bnf`rjmihhn| (Fjvrjhnj vjrmwj Kmaa- Bcvjin bjhv anv wmhv |c~inv nanwnv nhlj||mz~nOVfm Rnf` Rchhnaa! +2=

WMWJV! H! TMJHNR! M! LC^\INCMV! I! WMR\]! F! VN\WN\HV! FF] IAC\MNV! ] (:==0- F`j|jfrn|mjrmch cg `n|ryccb amihmh g|jfrmchv g|ckZ~n|f~v|cl~| A jhb Z~n|f~v tnr|jnj (Kjrr- Amnla! r`n kjmh cje vtnfmnv ~vnbgc| lj||na kjemhiJk O Nhca Wmrmf! 2=! 2=+>>


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9 JHNPC


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Jhnpc

:66

9: CR\CV TJ\KNR\CV FCHR\CAJBCV

B^\JHRN NAJLC\JFMH

9:: B~|jhrn gn|knhrjfmh jafc`amfj

Tj|j rnhn| fchr|cajbc na t|cfnvc gn|knhrjrmwc vn fchr|cajh wj|mcv

tj|knr|cv

Nh na jhamvmv mhmfmja bna kcvrc bn tj|rmbj vn bnrn|kmhj? i|jbc Lj~k!

v~ag~|cvc aml|n! v~ag~|cvc rcrja! jfmbn rcrja c rmr~ajlan! nvrjbc gmrcvjhmrj|mc bn aj

~wj! hmr|inhc gfmaknhrn jvmkmajlan (HGJ- } vm vn t~nbn jfmbn wcarma (Rcbcvacv tj|knr|cv fcknhrjbcv nh nvrn jtj|rjbc wmnhnh |nfcimbcv nh rjlajv nh na

jhnpc-

Nvrn fchr|ca vn |njamj tj|j vjln| vm na kcvrc z~n tcvnnkcv ac wjkcv j

tcbn| bnvrmhj| j wmhc bn fjambjb c hc Tj|j naac vn nvrjlanfnh ~hcv tj|knr|cv

fj|jfrn|vrmfcv bn |ngn|nhfmj! nhr|n acv f~janv rnhnkcv?

Na t@ bna kcvrc bnln nvrj| nhr|n 6!2+6!9! na i|jbc Lj~k nhrc|hc j :!> j 7 i#A nh wmhcv rmhrcv


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Jhnpc

:62

Na v~ag~|cvc z~n tcvnn na kcvrc! rjhrc aml|n fckc rcrja! nv ~h tj|knr|c

mktc|rjhrn! tc|z~n hc vac mhbmfj| na nvrjbc gmrcvjhmrj|mc bn aj ~wj! vmhc z~n

rjklmh hcv bj| ~hj mbnj bn fkc wj j vn| aj npr|jffmh bn acv fckt~nvrcv z~n

`j} nh acv `caanocv! t~nvrc z~n na v~ag~|cvc gjwc|nfn aj npr|jffmh bn acv kmvkcvNa hmr|inhc gfmaknhrn jvmkmajlan nv ~h tj|knr|c z~n hcv bm| vm vn|

tcvmlan na bnvj||caac bn ajv anwjb~|jv! }j z~n na hmr|inhc nv ~h h~r|mnhrn t|mhfmtja

tj|j na bnvj||caac bn ajv kmvkjv! vmh na f~ja hc vn bnvj||caaj|jh } hc |njamj|jh aj

gn|knhrjfmh Nh g~hfmh bn vrn tj|knr|c rnhb|nkcv z~n jbmfmchj| kv c knhcv

gcvgjrc lmjkhmfc tj|j ~h fc||nfrc bnvj||caac bn ajv kmvkjv

Aj jfmbn wcarma nv ~h tj|knr|c z~n hc vmnkt|n vn kmbn mhmfmjaknhrn

Rjh vac vn |njamj tj|j fckt|clj| z~n tcvnnkcv ~h l~nh kcvrc! tc|z~n nv ~hmhbmfjrmwc bn naac Nh ~h wmhc rmhrc vn tn|kmrnh bn :!< j :!2 i#A bn fmbc jfrmfc

(z~n nv nh ac z~n vn npt|nvj aj jfmbn wcarma-5 tc| nhfmkj bn nvrn wjac| hc vn

tn|kmrn v~ wnhrj A~nic f~jhrc kj}c| vnj v~ wjac| mhmfmjaknhrn kj}c| vn| v~

wjac| gmhja! t~nvrc z~n nvrn tj|knr|c j~knhrj b~|jhrn aj najlc|jfmh bna wmhc

^hj wn fcknhjbj aj gn|knhrjfmh vn fchr|cajh acv vmi~mnhrnv

tj|knr|cv? bnhvmbjb! rnktn|jr~|j! t@ } vn |njamjh knbmbjv nvtnfr|cgcrckr|mfjv

tj|j wn| na fchrnhmbc nh jhrcfmjhcv rcrjanv! fcac|! hbmfn bn tcamgnhcanv rcrjanv }

fctmiknhrjfmh

Aj rnktn|jr~|j bnln kjhrnhn|vn nh ~h mhrn|wjac bn


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Jhnpc

:6>

Rjhrc na t@ fckc aj bnhvmbjb vch g~hfmh bn aj rnktn|jr~|j! vmnhbc vrj

cr|j fj~vj tc| ac z~n vn fchr|caj aj rnktn|jr~|j

Ajv kmvmh bn ajv knbmbjv nvtnfr|cgcrckr|mfjv |njamjbjv }j vn `j

fcknhrjbc nh jtj|rjbcv jhrn|mc|nv^hj wn z~n `j rn|kmhjbc aj gn|knhrjfmh jafc`amfj vn r|jvmnij na wmhc

tj|j namkmhj| mkt~|njv } vn jakjfnhj nh bntvmrcv bn jfn|c mhcpmbjlan tj|j z~n

vn aanwn j fjlc aj gn|knhrjfmh kjacafrmfj

9:


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Jhnpc

:67

Rjlaj :? Wj|mjlanv fchr|cajbjv b~|jhrn aj wmhmgmfjfmh fch wm|~rjv vmh rcvrj|

Ln? :

Gnf`j MTRJhrRcr

JVC< R Bnhvmbjb t@ J2 6 6!2> 2!6< :4!6= :!7 >7!>7 979! >0!70 7=7!90 :!7> >9!09 9:4!6= :!=9 : 6!9: =! i#A 9> ei

Jfrmtjvj ta~v :4 i#`A 7 ei Jfrmkjp Wmr


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Jhnpc

:69

Rjlaj 6? Wj|mjlanv fchr|cajbjv b~|jhrn aj wmhmgmfjfmh fch wm|~rj rcvrjbc

vmktan

Ln? : ki#A VC 4

64#4=#4> >4!24 76=!>0 6!>7 >!44 :4!00

4:#:4#4> >>!>> 77=!97 :!>< ==> 6!7> 2!:4 =!>7 :! 7:!2: >06!07 :!24 6!79 6!9< 0!>7 :!:>

Rjlaj 2? T|cb~frcv jbmfmchjbcv b~|jhrn aj wmhmgmfjfmh fch wm|~rj rcvrjbc

vmktan

Gnf`j T|cb~frc Bcvmv Fjhrmbjb

V~agcgn|knhr >4 ki#A 6 A

Nhbc}k MFV+\c~in 4!79 kA#`A 244 kA Cnhcrjhhmh VFJ : i#A 74 ei

Jfrmkjp Wmr


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Jhnpc

:60

Rjlaj >? Wj|mjlanv fchr|cajbjv b~|jhrn aj wmhmgmfjfmh fch rjhmhcv

fchbnhvjbcv

Ln? : ki#A VC! ki#A JW?4!:0

Gnf`j MTRJhrRcr

JVC< R Bnhvmbjb t@ J2 2:!2: >6>!:: :!>: 9 6!2= 4!90 :!6: 4!20

70!:0 727!4< :!64 96!26 770 !:4 ==7 6!>7 2!>: :4!7: :!27

64#4=#4> 9>!9 > 2!2< :4!:9 :!27

4:#:4#4> 9=!0= 769!= 6!76 2! fmbc rj|r|mfc :!> i#A 9> ei

Jfrmtjvj ta~v :4 i#`A 7 ei

^wjgn|k A7


139/144

Jhnpc

:6=

Rjlaj 9? Wj|mjlanv fchr|cajbjv b~|jhrn aj wmhmgmfjfmh fch knfaj bn rjhmhcv

Ln? :6! 60!00 >

64#4=#4> >>! 7>9!:9 :!20 > 2!26 :4!9= :!20

4:#:4#4> >0!6 = 2!>6 ::!7 4 ki#A 6 A

Nhbc}k MFV+:4 \c~in 4!79 ki#`A 244 kA

fmbc rj|r|mfc : i#A >4 ei

Jfrmtjvj ta~v :4 i#`A 7 ei

^wjgn|k A7


140/144

Jhnpc

:24

Rjlaj =? Nwca~fmh bn acv tj|knr|cv vni~mbcv b~|jhrn gn|knhrjfmh

kjacafrmfj nh wmhc fch wm|~rj vmh rcvrj|

J? :

Gnf`j JR JW t@ R J2

:9#::#4>

:=#: 2!99 4!2= 2!44 := 6>

4:#46#47 2!22 4!27 6!09 Rjlaj :4? Nwca~fmh bn acv tj|knr|cv vni~mbcv b~|jhrn gn|knhrjfmhkjacafrmfj nh wmhc fch wm|~rj rcvrjbc vmktan

J? :6 . wca

Gnf`j JR JW t@ R J2 7!60 4!6> 6!9> 6!92 7!04 :! 9!6> 4!>: 6!92 6!>2 7!2> :! 6!>: 7!4= :!: :!:2 0 6!2> 4!2< 6!02 := 2!67 9!2< :!72 4 6:

4:#46#47 >!:2 4!27 6!9: : :!2= 4 :=

Rjlaj :< 4!2< 6!99 := 2!74 0!:9 :!=> > !42 4!6> 6!76


142/144

Jhnpc

:2 :!9>

4!90

49#::#4> 4!6>

:2#::#4> 4!:9

Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj| :9#:4#4> 4!4=

Rjhmhcv Fchbnhvjbcv :9#:4#4> :!2: 4!49

Knfaj bn Rjhmhcv :9#:4#4> :!6=

4!49


143/144

Jhnpc

:26

Rjlaj :2? Nwca~fmh bn acv rjhmhcv rcrjanv nh ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv

Rmtc bn Wmhmgmfjfmh Gnf`j Fchfnhr|jfmh (ki#A-

Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj| 6

64#4=#4> 24!04:#:4#4> >6! >2

4>#:4#4> 0 777!2

Gmhja bn kjacafrmfj 70!0

Gmhja bn kjacafrmfj >60!0

Nvrjlmamjfmh tc| g|c 2:

Rjhmhcv Fchbnhvjbcv :20!0

:=9!7

2=7!2

94:!7

64#4=#4> 92=! =>2!4

Gmhja bn kjacafrmfj 74=!>4!2

Knfaj bn Rjhmhcv 6

2

64#4=#4> 6:0!0

4:#:4#4> 2:4!4

4 742!0

Gmhja bn kjacafrmfj 2:4!0

Nvrjlmamjfmh tc| g|c 2


144/144

Jhnpc

Rjlaj :>? Nwca~fmh bn acv najimrjhmhcv nh ajv wmhmgmfjfmchnv

Rmtc bn Wmhmgmfjfmh Gnf`j / Fchfnhr|jfmh (ttk-

Wm|~rj rcvrjbc vmktan 46#:4#4> ::2!4

Gmhja bn kjacafrmfj 79!>

Nvrjlmamjfmh tc| g|c :

Wm|~rj vmh rcvrj| 46#:4#4> ::!4

42#:4#4> :6!4

4>#:4#4> >!>

47#:4#4> :4!>

Gmhja bn kjacafrmfj >6!4

Knfaj bn Rjhmhcv 4:#:4#4> 0

Gmhja bn kjacafrmfj :49!4

Nvrjlmamjfmh tc| g|c 06!>

Rjhmhcv Fchbnhvjbcv 64#4=#4> :4!4

4:#:494> 0!4

Gmhja bn kjacafrmfj 7!>

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