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Veronika Nováková
Šárka Medová
Vojtěch Novák ml.2008 / 2009
The influence of human on the development of soil
The influence of human on the development of soil
- Pedosphere
- Experiment
- General influence of human
- Pedosphere
- Experiment
- General influence of human
CONTENT OF PRESENTATION
CONTENT OF PRESENTATION
PEDOSPHEREPEDOSPHERE
THE QUALITY OF THE SOIL
THE QUALITY OF THE SOIL
Determine it by : Grain (particle size in the soil) – soil of sorts The quantity of humus – soil type The quantity of moisture – soil type Sites on earth – soil type Fertility – soil type Acidity and alkaline Togetherness of soil particle
SORTS OF SOILSORTS OF SOIL
Clayey Loamy Sandy Stony
less than 0,002 mm
0,002 – 0,06 mm
0,06 – 0,2 mm
more than 2 mm
TYPES OF SOILTYPES OF SOIL
Blacksoil: is a soil with a high content of humus (humic horizon 60-80 cm depth), the best in the world, provides a record grain yields
Brownsoil: is a fertile land, humus content is less than blacksoil, surrounded by blacksoil, used in agriculture
Podsol: is a little acid fertile land cold and humid nordic coniferous forests
BLACKSOIL BROWNSOIL PODSOL
BLACKSOIL BROWNSOIL PODSOL
ACIDITY AND ALKALINITYACIDITY AND ALKALINITY
Number, which in chemistry express, the aqueous solution responds acidly or vice versa alkalicly
COMPARISONCOMPARISON
From two different places, we removed samples of soil and measured the pH
EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT
ASSUMPTION OF EXPERIMENT
ASSUMPTION OF EXPERIMENT
Theory:
Clay should be acid Peat should be alkalic
To crush the clay.
To weigh it.
Material preparationMaterial preparation
To pour the water into
a measuring cylinder. To pour the water
into
the Erlenmeyer flask.
Material preparationMaterial preparation
To mix the clay with water.
Material preparationMaterial preparation
Now we follow the process
with peat as well as clay.
Material preparationMaterial preparation
Material preparationMaterial preparation
To cut a filter paper.
To prepare the filter paper.
Material preparationMaterial preparation
To built a filter apparatus.
Material preparationMaterial preparation
Aplication of samples to filtration apparatus.
The clay The peat
Material preparationMaterial preparation
Start of filtration process.
The water
Finished filtration process.
Material preparationMaterial preparation
Indicators – papers from pH measurement
Measurement method nb. 1
Measurement method nb. 1
Measurement method nb. 1
Measurement method nb. 1
The results of meaurement.
Measurement method nb. 1
Measurement method nb. 1
Phenolphthalein.
Measurement method nb. 2
Measurement method nb. 2
Measurement method nb. 2
Measurement method nb. 2
Phenolphthalein aplication.
Measurement method nb. 2
Measurement method nb. 2
To mix samples with Phenolphthalein.
Phenolphthalein we´ve added to the samples.
Measurement method nb. 2
Measurement method nb. 2
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONTheory Reality
Theoreticly the clay should be acid and the peat should bealkalic. The measurement showed different result.Based on our experiment we can say that both material (clay & peat) are acid.
Explanation: This is clear proof that pedosphere is already afected by human activities (fertilization, chemistry,…)
GENERAL INFLUENCE OF HUMAN
GENERAL INFLUENCE OF HUMAN
DEVASTATIONDEVASTATION
destruction of soil The devastation keep inappropriate
interference in the soil Most relief affects the landscape and
destroys the land
HUMAN
DIAGRAMDIAGRAM
CLEARANCE
QUARRIES
ROADS MINES
TILLAGES
FERTILIZERS
CHEMICALMEANS
HUMAN
EFFECT OF HUMANEFFECT OF HUMAN Extensive and deep tillage Excessive use of fertilizers (especially mineral
fertilizers) Chemical means against weeds, diseases and pests of
plants Soil compaction by heavy machinery Amending relief landscape : roads quarries
surface mines other structures
Indirectly acting on the ground : sional qualifications forests
amending plant communities
IMPLICATIONS OF HUMAN
IMPLICATIONS OF HUMAN
Increased erosion Less of humus Changes: height of groundwater level physical and chemical characteristics of soil
Exacerbate the conditions for life in the soil
REVITALIZATIONREVITALIZATION
strengthening, revitalizing the soil To lead the revitalization of appropriate
interventions in the land Acting against erosion (such as building
terraces on steep slopes) Lead to a permanent soil fertility by
increasing humus in the soil (good compost fertilizer, barnyard manures and fertilizer, adequate liming, etc.)
RESOURCES RESOURCES Our photos
Picture: http://images.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/598_soubory/hnedozem.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/598.htm&usg=___Hd1OiaPkYzhcWz0K-G8b6Xm0n8=&h=480&w=161&sz=17&hl=cs&start=1&um=1&tbnid=ZsXH2QBBXOz8sM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=43&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhn%25C4%259Bdozem%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dcs%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN
http://images.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/595_soubory/cernozem.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/595.htm&usg=__c15I3bTkZlBr84c5V8Clj4fllEw=&h=483&w=165&sz=14&hl=cs&start=1&um=1&tbnid=u1KYZKRO7kVoPM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=44&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25C4%258Dernozem%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dcs%26lr%3D
http://images.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/1053/40093406.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.dkimages.com/discover/DKIMAGES/Discover/Home/Science/Earth-Sciences/Geology/Soil/Layers/Layers-2.html&usg=__Vz7D3n-3ipDMTK0nqdWXwGbaRQA=&h=752&w=512&sz=62&hl=cs&start=14&um=1&tbnid=TO0p4BIXy1e9XM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpodzol%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dcs%26lr%3D
http://www.volny.cz/jiri.k.jurecka/obrazky/StavbaZeme2.jpg
THE ENDTHE END