Veterinær grensekontroll 2014

Helge Torbjørn Hove, Bjørn Tore Lunestad, Irja Sunde Roiha and

Amund Måge

Nasjonalt institutt for ernærings- og sjømatforskning (NIFES)

17.12.2015

MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR VETERINARY CONTROL ON SEAFOOD

PRODUCTS IMPORTED TO NORWAY FROM THIRD COUNTRIES

In accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 136/2004, Annex II, Part 1.

RESULTS FROM 2014

2015

Rapport

Monitoring program for veterinary control on fisheries products imported to Norway from third countries, 2014.

2

På oppdrag fra Mattilsynet

Statens tilsyn for fisk, dyr og næringsmidler

ISBN 978-82-91065-29-8


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Acknowledgements

This report presents a summary of results from the seafood part of a veterinary border control

monitoring programme. The National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES)

carried out this work on behalf of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA), in cooperation

with the personnel at the Norwegian Border Inspection Posts (BIP). We want to thank NFSA

for very good cooperation during the conduct of this monitoring programme.

We further want to thank Anne Margrethe Aase, who administrated the day-to-day technical

work, including sample reception, storage, aliquot preparation and sample distribution within

NIFES. Annette Bjordal, Anette Kausland, Marita Kristoffersen and Annbjørg Bøkevoll were

in charge of the analytical work, while Vidar Fauskanger, Manfred Torsvik, Nawaraj Gautam,

Aina Bruvik and Siren Hatland carried out sample pre-treatment. Betty Irgens and Tone

Galluzzi were responsible for the microbiological examinations. Leikny Fjeldstad performed

the parasitological assay. Tore Tjensvoll, Felicia Dawn Couillard and Britt Elin Øye carried out

chemical analysis for residues of therapeutics. Jannicke A. Bakkejord, Dagmar Nordgård, Lene

H. Johannessen, Kari Breistein Sæle, Teclu Weldegebriel, Britt Elin Øye, Annie Furstenberg,

Franziska Randers and Kjersti Kolås were responsible for the whole range of organic

contaminants analytical methods. Edel Erdal, Siri Bargård, Laila Sedal, Tonja Lill Eidsvik,

Berit Solli, Georg Olsen and Vivian Mui carried out the analysis of the chemical elements.

Joseph Martin Malaiamaan and Margrethe Rygg carried out the Histamine determination. Total

volatile basic nitrogen analysis was carried out by Margrethe Rygg and TBARS analysis by

Nina Wollertsen.

http://nifes.no/ansatt/teclu-weldegebriel/


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Index ......................................................................................................................................... 4

1. Summary ............................................................................................................................ 6

2. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 8

3. Materials and methods ..................................................................................................... 8

3.1. The planning and scope of the work ................................................................................ 8

3.2. Sampling and transport .................................................................................................... 8

3.3. Sample reception, registration and pre-analytical sample handling ................................ 8

3.4. Selection of tissue, analytical parameter and assessment of conformity ......................... 9

3.5. Methods ........................................................................................................................... 9

3.6 Analytical sub-contractors ................................................................................................ 9

3.7 Flexible versus a fixed value for Limit of quantification (LOQ) ..................................... 9

4. Results and discussion ...................................................................................................... 9

4.1. Microbiology ................................................................................................................... 9

4.2. Parasites ......................................................................................................................... 11

4.3. Drug residues and dyes .................................................................................................. 11

4.4. Chemical spoilage and rancidity indicators ................................................................... 11

4.5. Heavy metals ................................................................................................................. 11

4.5.1. Arsenic (As) ............................................................................................................ 12

4.5.2. Cadmium (Cd) ........................................................................................................ 12

4.5.3. Mercury (Hg) .......................................................................................................... 12

4.5.4. Lead (Pb) ................................................................................................................. 12

4.5.5. Organo-tin compounds ............................................................................................ 13

4.6. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ............................................................................. 13

4.6.1. The dioxins; PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs .......................................................... 13

4.6.2. The non-dioxin like PCBs (the PCB6 or “indicator” PCBs). .................................. 14

4.6.3. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) ................................................................ 14

4.6.4. Pesticides ................................................................................................................. 14

Index


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4.6.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PAH .......................................................................... 15

5. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 15

Annex 1: Data Tables ............................................................................................................. 17

Annex 2: Method performance ............................................................................................. 62

Annex 3: Summary of legal maximum levels ....................................................................... 64


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1. Summary

This report summarizes the ongoing monitoring programme for veterinary border control on

fish and other seafood products imported to Norway from countries outside the European

Economic Zone. The sampling plans and the analytical activities were based on a risk

assessment for different groups of imported products. The current trend of hazards as reported

in the RASSF notification system, the compositional nature of the products, as well as the

annual import quantity of related products, were all used as the basis for the risk assessment.

In 2014, we received 133 samples that were selected at the border inspection posts (BIPs), to

be assayed for chemical, biological and/or microbiological undesirables, based on profiles of

potential hazards made for each product type. The analytical results are listed in Annex 1.

Microbiological analysis were carried out on 128 of the samples. The results for microbiological

quality parameters and indicator organisms for faecal contamination generally showed low

bacterial counts, with some exceptions. One sample of sword fish (Xiphia gladius) imported

from Sri Lanka contained high general numbers of bacteria reaching 1.2 x 107 and faecal

indicator organisms in a concentration of 40 CFU/g. One sample of processed squid (Loligo

sp.) imported from Thailand had general bacterial counts above 1 x 108/g, contained 4.1 x 103/g

enterococci and 1.2 x 104 anaerobic sulphite-reducing bacteria.

Pathogens in the genera Listeria, Salmonella or Vibrio were not detected in any of the samples

examined during 2014.

Parasitological examinations were carried out on 42 fish samples, and nematodes were found

in 12 samples (29 %). The nematodes were dead and not infective at the time of analysis. The

highest numbers of nematodes were found in two samples of Greenland halibut imported from

Russia with 118 and 54 nematodes respectively. One sample of Atlantic cod imported from

China, had 23 nematodes. These three fishes originated from the international fishing zones of

the North Atlantic and Barents Sea, and belonged to the same stocks from which Norwegian

fishers also harvest and were reimported to Norway after processing.

Eleven samples originating from of aquaculture were analysed for residues of illegal

pharmaceuticals. The programme included the dye compounds crystal violet, leuco crystal

violet, malachite green, leuco malachite green and brilliant green, and also the antibacterial

agents chloramphenicol and nitrofuranes and their metabolites. Traces of leuco malachite green

(LMG) was found in one fried catfish product imported from Thailand. Leuco malachite green

(LMG) is a common metabolite of malachite green (MG). The presence of LMG rather than


7

MG may indicate that the exposure took place while the fish was alive. No residues of other

components were detected.

A total of 63 samples were examined for one or more of the indicators of regarding rancidity

and spoilage, including histamine, TVB-N (Total volatile basic nitrogen) or TBARS

(Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance). The highest histamine value (93 mg/kg w.w.) was

found in a sample of Spanish mackerel, imported from Thailand. The highest value of TVB-N,

of 461 mg/100g, was found in the same sample. A level of 157 nmol/g w.w. of TBARS was

found in a sample of Indian mackerel from Thailand. These values indicate that the

consignments were exposed to improper storage or transport conditions. However, the same

samples were analysed for microbiological hazards with no adverse findings.

A total of 130 samples were examined with respect to the elements cadmium, mercury, lead

and arsenic. None of these samples had confirmed concentrations of the elements exceeding

the established maximum limits. A total of 14 samples were analysed for organo-metalic tin

species, the mono-, di- and three-methyl tin compounds. The organo-tin compounds were either

not detectable or were present in very low levels in the samples.

For dioxins, furans and dioxin like PCBs, 51 samples were examined. The same samples, and

one more (52) were analysed for non dioxinlike PCBs (or “indicator” PCBs). Two squid oil

samples exceeded the maximum limit for the sum of dioxin and furan congeners in oils intended

for human consumption. The maximum limit for the upper bound TEQ sum of all congeners

was exceeded in these two samples as well. All other analysed samples were compliant with

their relevant maximum limits for PCBs and dioxins.

The contamination levels of flame retardants (PBDE) were examined in the same 51 samples

as mentioned above. There are no legal maximum limit in force for these compounds in seafood.

The highest measured levels were well below the PCB results.

A number of pesticides were analysed in 37 samples. Most of these pesticides were not detected

or were found in low levels. There are currently no maximum level in force for pesticides in

seafood.

The three samples analysed for the PAH class of compounds, were compliant with regard to

their relevant maximum levels.


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2. Introduction As a member of the European Economic Area (EEA), Norway is obliged to monitor the

conformity of products imported to the EEA area. A part of this activity is the analytical

examine of seafood food with respect to microorganisms, parasites and the presence of

undesirable substances. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) is the competent

authority regarding veterinary border control in Norway. On behalf of NFSA, NIFES have

carried out the analytical examination of the seafood samples in this monitoring programme

and elaborated this report.

3. Materials and methods

3.1. The planning and scope of the work

The plans and procedures for the sampling and spectrum of analyses were based on a risk

assessment. Sampling was carried out by NFSA and the analytical examinations and writing

this summary report was conducted by NIFES. The plans target the most potent potential

hazards associated with each different kind of imported product. The risk assessment was based

on the compositional nature of the products, on the results from previous monitoring,

knowledge on the geographical origin of the samples, and on the information available in the

RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed). This report concerns samples imported in

2014.

3.2. Sampling and transport

The staff of NFSA at the Border Inspection Posts (BIPs) selected samples according to a

predefined sampling plan. The samples were stored frozen in the BIPs until shipped frozen to

NIFES for analysis.

3.3. Sample reception, registration and pre-analytical sample handling

Upon arrival, samples were registered at the NIFES sample reception unit. Each sample was

photographed, and relevant information registered in a Laboratory Information Management

System (LIMS). Differentiated LIMS user privileges, ensured that sample identifying

information were not available to the lab-staff carrying out the analytical determinations. A

microbiological assay was carried out prior to other sample handling. The sample was then

further prepared for analyses and split in sub-samples (aliquots) for the different assays and

analytical methods.


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3.4. Selection of tissue, analytical parameter and assessment of conformity

In general, the edible part of food samples, usually the muscle, were selected for analyses. For

species where a legal maximum level of an undesirable substance were defined in Commission

regulation 1881/2006 of 19th December 2006, the tissue and levels specified in this regulation

were applied.

3.5. Methods

The analytical methods and procedures used were accredited according to the ISO 17025

standard, unless otherwise specified. A summary of the chemical analytical methods, and their

method performance data are listed in Annex 2. If further information regarding the methods

of analysis is required, please contact NIFES.

3.6 Analytical sub-contractors

Some of the pesticide determinations were done by Eurofins, ALS Laboratory Group Norway

AS and RIKILT. The organo-tin compounds were analysed by Eurofins, and Eurofins also

carried out analysis of PAH in one sample.

3.7 Flexible versus a fixed value for Limit of quantification (LOQ)

In analytical chemistry, a fixed value of LOQ is most common. However, for the environmental

pollutants covered in this report, sample-specific LOQ values are used rather than a fixed value.

It is based on the baseline character around the relevant peak and on the peak shape itself.

4. Results and discussion

A total of 133 samples were selected according to the sampling plan of The Norwegian Food

Safety Authority, Border Control Posts, and sent to NIFES to be analysed for parasites,

microbes and/or undesirable chemical compounds.

4.1. Microbiology

The results from the microbiological examinations are listed in Annex 1, Table 1. A total of

128 samples were tested for microorganisms by a range of assays according to the plan.

The aerobic plate counts on non-selective agar growth medium, incubated at 30°C, showed

generally low results. Sixteen of the 72 examined samples (22 %) had plate counts above


10

1000 cfu/g. The highest countable number was 1.9 x 106 cfu/g, found in Pacific hake

(Merluccius productus) surimi imported from USA. Two samples, squid (Loligo spp.) and

shrimp (Metapenaeus sp.), imported from Thailand contained >108 cfu/g (too numerous to

count).

Forty of the examined samples (71 %) had general plate counts (PC) at 20°C above the value

of 1000 cfu/g which is the methods detection limit. There is no legal upper limit for this

parameter. The highest counts were 1.2 x 107/g in a sample of sword fish (Xiphia gladius) from

Sri Lanka and 1.1 x 106/g in one sample of Atlanic cod (Gadus morhua) imported from Russia.

The number of H2S producing bacteria (H2SPB) at 20°C incubation was generally low in most

examined samples. Five of the 56 examined samples (9 %) had > 1000 cfu/g H2SPB. The

highest number was found in the above mentioned sample of sword fish (Xiphia gladius) from

Sri Lanka, with 7.1 x 106 cfu/g.

Two samples of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis and Placopecten magellanicus) imported

from USA was examined for E. coli by the Donovan MPN method. Both samples had < 20

bacteria/100 gram sample material (result not shown in Table 1).

Sixty-five samples were analysed for coliforms by an agar plate assay, and all except four

samples contained < 10 cfu/g. The highest counts, 40 coliforms/g was found in the above

mentioned sample of sword fish (Xiphia gladius) from Sri Lanka, and 20 coliforms/g was found

in two samples, one of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) imported from Russia

and one sample of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) imported from China.

Most results for determination of thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) in a total of 99

samples examined by agar plate assay, were under the limit of detection of 10 cfu/g. However,

in the previously mentioned sample of sword fish, 10 TCB/g was found. |

The number of Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobic sulphite-reducing bacteria and bacteria in the

family Enterobacteriaceae, were generally under their respective levels of detection. However,

one samples gave counts of 1.2 x 104 anaerobic sulphite-reducing cfu/g for a sample of squid

(Loligo spp.) from Thailand.

For enterococci, two of 67 examined samples were above the detection limit of 100 cfu/g. The

highest number of enterococci was 4.1 x 103 cfu/g in the above mentioned sample of squid

(Loligo sp.) imported from Thailand and 8.0 x 102 cfu/g was found in a samples of dried and

seasoned cuttlefish, also imported from Thailand.

Fifty-eight samples were analysed for L. monocytogenes during 2014, and the bacterium were

not detected in any of the samples.

Pathogens in the genera Salmonella (106 samples analysed) and Vibrio (19 samples analysed)

was not detected in any of the samples analysed during 2014.


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4.2. Parasites

A parasitological assay for nematodes was carried out in 42 fish samples (Table 2). Nematode

worms were found in twelve of the samples (29%). The highest numbers of nematodes were

found in two samples of Greenland halibut (118 and 54 nematodes), followed an Atlantic cod

(23 nematodes). The nematodes were dead when assayed.

4.3. Drug residues and dyes

Eleven samples of seafood from aquaculture were examined for residues of illegal drugs and

dyes. The analytical data are listed in Tables 3 and 4. Leuco malachite green, a metabolite of

malachite green in fish, was found in a sample of a fried catfish product, imported from

Thailand. No parent compound (malachite green) was found, indicating that the fish was

exposed while still alive.

The samples were also analysed for the presence of chloramphenicol and the nitrofurane

metabolites 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone

(AMOZ), 1-amino-hydantoin (AHD) and semicarbazide (SEM). No detections were made.

4.4. Chemical spoilage and rancidity indicators

The chemical spoilage parameters were analysed in 63 samples (Table 5). The data include

histamine (24 samples), TBARS (thiobarbituric reactive substance) (39 samples) and total

volatile basic nitrogen data (TVB-N) (50 samples). Only two of the histamine results gave

quantifiable levels of the compound. The highest histamine value (93 mg/kg w.w.) was found

in a sample of Spanish mackerel, imported from Thailand and in a sample of Skipjack tuna

from the Philippines (5.7 mg/kg w.w.) TBARS in a level of 157 nmol/g w.w. was found in

Indian mackerel from Thailand. A cod liver sample from Russia had 43 nmol/g w.w. and the

above mentioned Spanish mackerel had 29 nmol/g w.w., The highest values of TVB-N was

found in the same Spanish mackerel, with a concentration of 461 mg/100g. A fillet sample of

two fish species together in sauce, from Thailand had TVB-N values of 51 mg/100g w.w.

The highest levels indicates that the concerned consignments were exposed to improper storage

or transport conditions. However, the microbiological tests carried out on the same samples did

not indicate any bacterial safety issue associated with them.

4.5. Heavy metals

The elemental concentration of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury were examined in 130

samples (Table 6). The legal limits in Annex 3, are expressed in elemental concentration values.

Thus, these metals were measured in terms of their elemental concentration, giving no


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analytical concern to the actual molecular species they belong to. The limits assumes naturally

moist samples: The scale is mg/kg (w.w.). Some of the analysed samples were imported in a

dried state. According to the legislation, for dried samples, the analytical result must be adjusted

to compensate for the loss of water. Thus, while some values in the table seem to be above their

maximum limits, these samples were actually compliant with the maximum limits. However,

this was not true for a sample of dried krill. The krill sample will be discussed further in the

section regarding elemental cadmium.

In contrast to the above mentioned four heavy metals that were analysed for their elemental

concentration, tin was analysed for some organo-metalic molecular species: monobutyl-tin

(MBT), dibutyl-tin (DBT), and tributyl-tin (TBT).

4.5.1. Arsenic (As)

There is no legal limit for arsenic in fish and fishery products. In seafood, arsenic is mainly

present in chemical species of low toxicity, such as arsenobetaine. This character of marine

food differs from food of terrestrial origin. In terrestrial food, inorganic toxic arsenic species

give a significant contribution to the elemental arsenic concentration. The highest measured

concentration of elemental arsenic was 30 mg/kg found in whole, dried krill, imported from

Thailand. Given the low toxicity of organo-bound arsenic molecular species, this value gives

no reason for concern.

4.5.2. Cadmium (Cd)

Of the 130 analysed samples, 44 (34%) were below the LOQ. The legal limits vary with the

species, as can be seen in Annex 3. The highest elemental concentration (6.0 mg/kg) were found

in a sample of whole, dried krill. The maximum limit is given on a wet weight basis of the

original product. Since the original water content is not documented, this result cannot be

concluded non compliant, even though this could be the case.

High levels (3.3 and 2.1 mg/kg) were also measured in in two dried squid samples and in one

sample of lobster heads (1.0 mg/kg). However, the dried squid samples were below their

maximum limit when the lost water and the measurement uncertainty was taken into account.

The maximum limit for crustaceans does not apply to results from head tissue.

4.5.3. Mercury (Hg)

Of the 130 analysed samples, no mercury concentration above the regulatory maximum limit

was found. The highest value, 0.77 mg/kg was found in a tuna, imported from the Philippines

4.5.4. Lead (Pb)

No sample had a Pb concentration above its maximum limit. Of the 130 analysed samples, 83

(64%) were below the measurable range. The highest concentration were found in a sample of

dried greenshell measured to 0.73 mg/kg. The corresponding maximum limit in wet samples is


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0.5 mg/kg. Corrected for water content the value is compliant. The 47 remaining samples were

measured with low or moderate values.

4.5.5. Organo-tin compounds

Examination for the organo-tin compounds were conducted in 14 samples, including one

bivalve, 11 crustaceans and two processed food samples from Thailand. The two processed

foods were based on crustacean raw materials. Mono-butyl-tin (MBT) was not found in any of

the samples. Di-butyl-tinn (DBT) was present in detectable quantities below the LOQ in two

samples, both crustaceans. Tri-butyl-tin (TBT) had measurable quantities in four crustacean

samples (Table 7). The highest value of TBT was in the dried krill sample mentioned

previously. Its original water content is unknown, and the value is provided on a d.w. basis. The

highest value in a naturally moist sample, 0.9 µg/kg w.w. was found in the white meat of a red

king crab from Russia.

4.6. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Samples were analysed for dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), dioxin-like PCBs (DLPCBs),

non dioxin-like PCBs (PCB6 or “indicator” PCBs), polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs),

chlorinated pesticides and PAHs. Since the POPs compounds exhibit a lipophilic character,

their highest levels are found in fat- and oil rich tissues including fillets of fat-rich fish. Lean

fish have generally low POPs concentrations in their fillets while higher levels may be found

in their livers. Not all of the measured POPs compounds are regulated with maximum limits.

All the regulatory limits in seafood are given on a wet weight basis (Annex 3). The dioxins and

dioxins-like PCBs are measured in pg/g TEQ (WHO-2005). This scale, a product value from

concentration and toxicity, measure relative toxicity. Thus, it differs from the pure analytical

scale used for the other parameters in this report.

4.6.1. The dioxins; PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs

The number of samples analysed were 51 as shown in Table 8. We report the sum parameters,

behind these sums there are 29 individual congeners measured for each sample. The table

summarises 1479 individual analytical measurements. All sum values are given as TEQ values

(toxic equivalent value, WHO 2005) in pg/g scale. The sums were calculated by an “upper

bound sum” (UB-sum) formula based on the relevant congener values, according to the EU

commission regulation 1881/2006 document. Two sample of the 51 were classified as non-

compliant, both squid-oils, with values of 6.4 and 5.6 pg/g TEQ for the sum of PCDD and

PCDF congeners. Both values exceeded their maximum limit of 1.75 pg/g TEQ for marine oils

intended for human consumption. Additionally, for these samples, the total UB congener sum


14

of 16 and 17 pg/g TEQ, exceeded their maximum limit of 6.0 pg/g TEQ applicable to the TEQ

sum of all congeners. A sample of cod liver stand out in the table with a value of 20 pg/g TEQ

for the total congener sum. However, it was compliant since its maximum limit is also 20

(Annex 3). Like in previous years, the DLPCB congeners, and in particular the mono-orto

congeners were the major contributors to the total congener sum of TEQ in most samples.

4.6.2. The non-dioxin like PCBs (the PCB6 or “indicator” PCBs).

The data from the six NDL-PCBs from 52 samples are listed in Table 9. Exept for one, these

samples are also examined for dioxins and DLPCBs. The difference in numerical quantity

between the PCBs in Tables 8 and 9 do not reflect a difference in concentration since no toxicity

factor were applied to the NDLPCB data. Regulatory maximum limits are in force for the UB-

sum of the six NDLPCB congeners (Annex 3). However, no sample exceeded its maximum

limit. The two highest values of UB sum PCB6, 134 and 119 µg/kg w.w., were found in a crude

oil from USA, labelled “not for human consumption” and a previously mentioned cod liver

sample from Russia. The two squid oil samples mentioned above were measured to 21 and 18

µg/kg w.w.

4.6.3. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)

The data for six different PBDE congeners for the 52 analysed samples are listed in Table 10,

in all 312 measurements. These congeners are commonly analysed in seafood samples. For

compatibility with previous reports both their UB and LB sums are reported. In contrast to the

dioxins and PCBs, no regulatory limits are currently in force for these compounds. The PBDE

congeners have a lower toxicity than the equivalent PCBs. However, their close structural

relationship with the PCBs makes a comparison of the data relevant. The two highest values for

the UB PBDE7 sums were 8 and 2.6 µg/kg w.w., found in the Russian Cod liver sample and the

American crude oil. These values are an order of magnitude lower than the highest UB PCB6

sums. Like in most seafood samples, the PBDE-47 congener was the main contributor to the

PBDE7 sums in most samples. A difference between the UB and LB sums for the same sample

reflects that there are congeners below their LOQ values.

4.6.4. Pesticides

In total 37 samples were examined with respect to pesticides. Some pesticide compounds

originally used as crop protectants, are now administered as pharmaceutical compounds in

aquaculture. Thus, section 4.3 and Table 4 covers some compounds that in other contexts would

be considered pesticides. There are currently no legal limits for pesticides in marine oil or other

fishery products intended for human consumption.


15

A high number of pesticides were examined this year, as in total 2855 measurements were

perfrormed. To present this amount of data, the layout for Table 11 is different, as the data is

reported for sample groups rather than for individual samples. The values given are the highest

in each group for each individual pesticide. Thus, the values for different pesticides in each

group may come from different samples within the group. However, a high level for one

pesticide often co-exist in a sample with elevated levels of other pesticides as well. All data in

Table 11 reflect low concentrations. For most of the pesticide compounds, there is a high

proportion of results below their method LOQ values. Table 11 also lists the LOQ values.

Toxaphene-62 with 10 µg/kg w.w. and pp DDE with 8.0 µg/kg w.w. were the two compounds

in highest quantity.

4.6.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PAH

The PAHs is a class of chemical substances with many, diverse compounds. Some of them are

carcinogenic. There are maximum limits in force for the compound benzo(a)pyrene separately

and for the sum of four PAHs (PAH4), in fresh bivalves, oils intended for human consumption

and in smoked products (Annex 3). The sum-PAH4 limits is calculated in terms of the LB sum:

Only measureable values contribute to the sum. Three samples were analysed for PAHs in 2014

(Table 12). All were compliant concerning their maximum levels.

5. Conclusion

In total 133 samples, collected by the official staff at the Norwegian Border Inspection Posts at

the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, were examined for selected chemical, microbiological

and parasitological undesirables. The results for microbiological quality parameters and

indicator organisms for faecal contamination generally showed low numbers. No L.

monocytogenes was detected in any of the samples analysed, nor where pathogens in the genera

Salmonella or Vibrio detected. Parasitological examinations showed the presence of nematodes

in 29% of the analysed fish. All parasites were dead on the point of analysis.

Products originating from aquaculture were examined for residues of some selected

pharmaceuticals. Traces of leuco malachite green (LMG) was found in one sample of a fried

catfish product imported from Thailand. Leuco malachite green is a metabolite of malachite

green (MG), wich is not approved for application in food producing animsls in EU. The

detection of LMG may indicate that the exposure took place while the fish was alive. Resudues

of other agents were not detected.


16

In the analytical programme heavy metals, organo-tin compounds, as well as and the POPs

classes dioxins, brominated flame-retardants, pesticides and PAH compounds were included.

Two squid oil samples exceeded the regulatory limit for the TEQ sum of for the PCDD/PCDF

congeners in oils intended for human consumption and the corresponding maximum limit for

the all congener TE sum.

Table 1. Microbiological parameters, n=128. Abbreviations: n.d.: Not detected; TNC: Too numerous to count (>108); CFU: Colony forming units; H2SPB: H2S producing bacteria; PC: Plate count, Ent.:

Enterobacteriaceae.

Aerobe PC (cfu/g) agar method Indicator organisms

(cfu/g) by agar method

Fecal indicator organisms


Specific pathogens

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Journal No. From Species Scientific name Tissue Incubation test

/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g

2014-114/1 Sri Lanka Sword fish Xiphia gladius Fillet 7100000 11700000 <100 40 10 n.d. n.d.

2014-115/1 Philippines Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-116/1 Sri Lanka Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 3000 63000 <100 10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-135/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola sp. Dressed <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


2014-159/1 USA Lobster Homarus sp. Alive/round <1000 25000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-197/1 Philippines Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet <1000 1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-198/1 Japan Seabream Pagrus major Round 1000 14000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-199/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola sp. Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-200/1 USA Fish oil n.a. Oils, fish <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-202/1 Sri Lanka Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Fillet 12000 77000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-225/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet 1000 460000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-226/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet 5000 167000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-227/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet 1000 22000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-275/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Roe <1000 <1000 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-276/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Dressed <1000 15000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-277/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Liver <1000 700000 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

ANNEX 1: DATA TABLES


18


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g

2014-278/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 50000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-348/1 Thailand Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet Negative <1000

2014-349/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 5000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-350/1 Canada Lobster Homarus americanus

Claw/white meat

<1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-351/1 USA Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

Muscle 1000 8000 <100 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-390/1 Russia Spotted catfish

Anarchias minor Fillet <1000 8000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


2014-392/1 Russia Atlantic halibut

Hipposglossus hippoglossus

Fillet <1000 15000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


2014-394/1 New Zealand Green-lipped mussel

Perna canaliculus Meal <1000 60 <10 n.d.

2014-616/1 Russia Greenland halibut

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides

Fillet <1000 21000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.



Fillet <1000 4000 <100 20 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-618/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Roe <1000 11000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


19


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g

2014-619/1 Vietnam Tiger prawn Penaeus monodon White meat <1000 17000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-620/1 Vietnam Tiger prawn Penaeus sp. White meat <1000 8000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-625/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet 20000 208000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-672/1 Peru Marine fish n.a. Oils, marine <1000 <100 <10 n.d.




2014-788/1 Russia Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet <1000 12000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-789/1 Russia Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus

Fillet <1000 14000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-915/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet 7000 <100 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-916/1 China Alaska pollock

Theragra chalcogramma

Fillet <1000 <100 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-917/1 China Squid Cephalopod sp. Oils, squid <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-918/1 Morocco Crude oil n.a. Oils <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-1000/1 Vietnam Crab Cancer pagarus Claw/white meat

1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.


3000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.


20


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g


1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.


Round <1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.


Claw/white meat

1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1006/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet <1000 10000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


Head <1000 1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1018/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1019/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 3000 <100 20 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1021/1 Thailand Surimi n.a. Fish balls <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-1022/1 Turkey Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Vacuumed tuna, in oil

Negative <1000

2014-1022/2 Turkey Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Vacuumed tuna, in oil

Negative <1000

2014-1024/1 Thailand Carpet shell clams

Paphia undulata Canned clams Negative <1000

2014-1025/1 Philippines Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Canned tuna Negative <1000

2014-1025/2 Philippines Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Canned tuna Negative <1000


21


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g

2014-1026/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Canned tuna Negative <1000

2014-1027/1 Turkey Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Canned tuna Negative <1000




2014-1030/1 Thailand Lizardfish Saurida sp. Fish snack 1000 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1030/2 Thailand Lizardfish Saurida sp. Fish snack 2000 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1030/3 Thailand Lizardfish Saurida sp. Fish snack <1000 <10 <10 n.d.


2014-1032/1 Canada Shrimp Pandalus borealis Peeled 15700 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.



2014-1073/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 37000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.



Fillet <1000 9000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1076/1 China White croaker Argyrosomus argentatus

Surimi <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-1077/1 USA Gulf menhaden

Brevoortia patronus Oils, Gulf menhaden

<1000 <100 <10 n.d.


22


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g



Fillet <1000 14000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1083/1 Russia Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet <1000 3000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


2014-1085/1 Russia Atlantic redfish

Sebastes norvegicus Dressed <1000 70000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1174/1 Vietnam Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet <1000 3000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1210/1 Thailand Krill Acetes sp. Dried krill 1000 <100 <100 100 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1423/1 Chile Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1425/1 Chile Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1445/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1483/1 Israel Krill Euphausia superba Oils, krill <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-1484/1 Peru Gulf menhaden

Brevoortia patronus Oils, Gulf menhaden

<1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-1537/1 Thailand Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet <1000 25000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1538/1 China Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar Fish burger <1000 4000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


23


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g

2014-1540/1 Thailand Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus

Fillet <1000 2000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1541/1 Thailand Purple-spotted bigeye

Priacanthus tayenus Fish balls <1000 <100 <10 n.d.


1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1543/1 Thailand Purple-spotted bigeye

Priacanthus tayenus Fish balls <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-1544/1 USA Pacific hake Merluccius productus

Surimi 1920000 <100 0 n.d.

2014-1604/1 Thailand Broadhead catfish

Clarias

macrocephalus Canned catfish Negative <1000


2014-1625/1 Thailand Anchovy/ gourami

Stolephorus sp./Trichogaster sp.

Fish sauce, fermented

Negative <1000


2014-1644/1 Thailand Prawn Penaeus merguiensis

Seasoning <1000 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1645/1 Thailand Anchovy (70%)

Stolephorus sp. Fish sauce, fermented

<1000 <100 <10 n.d.


24


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g

2014-1646/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Sepia sp. Dried, seasoned

60000 800 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1647/1 Thailand Squid Loligo sp. Processed TNC 4100 <100 11500 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1648/1 Thailand Mackerel Scomber sp. 36000 <100 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1649/1 Philippines Sardines Sardinella longiceps Canned sardines

Negative <1000

2014-1649/2 Philippines Sardines Sardinella longiceps Canned sardines

Negative <1000

2014-1650/1 Thailand Shrimp Metapenaeus sp. Dried shrimps TNC <10 <10 n.d.


2014-1653/1 Thailand Catfish Clarias sp. Pickled catfish Negative 24000


2014-1655/1 Canada Shrimp Pandalus borealis Meal/powder <1000 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1656/1 Thailand Crab Portunus pelagicus Canned crab Negative <1000

2014-1657/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Vacuumed tuna, extract

3000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-1658/1 Thailand Indian mackerel

Rastrelliger kanagurta

Smoked mackerel

<1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1661/1 Vietnam Squid Loligo edulis Round <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


25


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g

2014-1662/1 Peru Crab Platyxanthus orbignyi

Claw/white meat

<1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1663/1 Thailand Croaker Pseudosciaena manchurica

Fried fish bladder

5000 20 <10 n.d.

2014-1667/1 Australia Yellowtail Seriola lalandi Gilled & gutted <1000 13000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1671/1 Vietnam Scampi Macrobrachium sp. Pealed scampi <1000 60000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1679/1 Russia King Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus

Claw/white meat

<1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1681/1 Russia King Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus

Claw/white meat

<1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-1688/1 Canada Shrimp Pandalus sp. Round 18000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.



Fillet/migas 4000 <100 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d.



Fillet/migas 1000 <100 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d.



Fillet/migas 3000 <100 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d.

2014-1769/1 USA Sockeye salmon

Oncorhynchus nerka Oils, sockeye salmon

<1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2014-1771/1 China Squid Cephalopod spp. Oils, squid <1000 <100 <10 n.d.


26


Enterobacteriaceae.





Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

m

on

oc

yto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC


/g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g /25 g /20 g

2014-1975/1 Vietnam Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 <100 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d.


2014-2003/1 China Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Fried eel 2000 <100 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2014-2006/1 USA Scallop Placopecten magellanicus

Muscle <1000 65000 <100 n.d. n.d. n.d.


27

Table 2. Nematodes, n=42.

Journal No. Imported from Group Species Scientific name Tissue # Nematodes

2014-114/1 Sri Lanka Seawater fish Swordfish Xiphias gladius Muscle 0

2014-115/1 Philippines Seawater fish Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle 0

2014-116/1 Sri Lanka Seawater fish Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle 0

2014-135/1 Japan Seawater fish Yellowtail Seriola sp. Muscle 0

2014-198/1 Japan Seawater fish Red seabream Pagrus major Muscle 0

2014-199/1 Japan Seawater fish Yellowtail Seriola sp. Muscle 0

2014-225/1 China Seawater fish Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 0

2014-226/1 China Seawater fish Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 1


2014-276/1 Russia Seawater fish Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 5




2014-392/1 Russia Seawater fish Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus Muscle 8


2014-390/1 Russia Seawater fish Spotted wolffish Anarchichas minor Muscle 0

2014-616/1 Russia Seawater fish Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Muscle 1


2014-618/1 Russia Seawater fish Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Roe 6

2014-788/1 Russia Seawater fish Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 3

2014-789/1 Russia Seawater fish Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Muscle 0

2014-1006/1 China Seawater fish Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 0


28

Table 2. Nematodes, n=42.

Journal No. Imported from Group Species Scientific name Tissue # Nematodes






2014-1074/1 China Seawater fish Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma Muscle 0


2014-1083/1 Russia Seawater fish Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 3


2014-1085/1 Russia Seawater fish Rose fish Sebastes norvegicus Muscle 5

2014-1174/1 Vietnam Seawater fish Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle 0

2014-1423/1 Chile Seawater fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Muscle 0

2014-1425/1 Chile Seawater fish Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Muscle 0


2014-1538/1 China and Norway Seawater fish Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Muscle 0

2014-1537/1 Thailand Seawater fish Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 0

2014-1540/1 Thailand Seawater fish Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Muscle 0

2014-1661/1 Vietnam Cephalopod Cuttlefish Loligo edulis Muscle 0

2014-1667/1 Australia Seawater fish Yellowtail Seriola lalandi Muscle 0

2014-2002/1 Philippines Seawater fish Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle 0

Number of samples 42

Maximum number of nematodes 118


29

Table 3. Residues of prohibited veterinary medicines: Dyes, n=11.

n.d.: not detected, CV: crystal violet, LCV: leuco crystal violet, MG: malachite green LMG: leuco malachite green, BG: brilliant green

Journal No. Imported from Group Species Scientific name Tissue

CV

LOD: 0.3 µg/kg

LCV

LOD: 0.2 µg/kg

MG

LOD: 0.2

µg/kg

LMG

LOD: 0.2

µg/kg

BG

LOD: 0.2

µg/kg

2014-135/1 Japan Seawater fish Yellowtail Seriola sp. Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-198/1 Japan Seawater fish Red seabream Pagrus major Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.


2014-1423/1 Chile Seawater fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1425/1 Chile Seawater fish Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-620/1 Vietnam Crustacean Giant tiger

prawns Penaeus monodon White meat n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-619/1 Vietnam Crustacean Giant tiger

prawns Penaeus monodon White meat n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1667/1 Australia Crustacean Red king crab Paralithodes

camtschaticus White meat n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1538/1 China and Norway

Proc. food Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1604/1 Thailand Proc. food Bighead catfish

Clarias macrocephalus Fried muscle n.d. 0.2 - 0.5 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-2003/1 China Proc. food Eel Anguilla japonica Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.


30

Table 4. Residues of prohibited veterinary medicines: Chloramphenicol, nitrofurans and their metabolites, n=11.

CAM: chloramphenicol, AOZ: 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone, AMOZ: 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone, AHD: 1-amino-hydantoin, SEM: semicarbazide

Journal No. Imported

from Group Species Scientific name Tissue

CAM

LOD: 0.25 µg/kg

AHD

LOD: 0.6

µg/kg

AMOZ

LOD: 0.4

µg/kg

AOZ

LOD: 0.5

µg/kg

SEM

LOD: 0.5 µg/kg


2014-198/1 Japan Seawater fish Red seabream Pagrus major Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-199/1 Japan Seawater fish Yellowtail Seriola sp. Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1.2

2014-1423/1 Chile Seawater fish Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1425/1 Chile Seawater fish Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-620/1 Vietnam Crustacean Giant tiger prawns Penaeus monodon White meat n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-619/1 Vietnam Crustacean Giant tiger prawns Penaeus monodon White meat n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1667/1 Australia Crustacean Red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus White meat n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1538/1 China and Norway

Proc. Food Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1604/1 Thailand Proc. Food Bighead Catfish Clarias macrocephalus Fried muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-2003/1 China Proc. Food Eel Anguilla japonica Muscle n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.


31

Table 5. Rancidity and spoilage parameters, n=63.

TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TVB-N: Total volatile basic nitrogen


from Species Scient. name Tissue

Histamine mg/kg w.w.

TBARS nmol/g

w.w.

TVB-N mg/100g

w.w.

2014-1661/1 Vietnam Cuttlefish Loligo edulis Muscle - < 4 -

2014-200/1 USA n.a. n.a. Oil - < 4 -

2014-1647/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Loligo sp. Dried flakes - 17 -

2014-1646/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Sepia sp. Dried flakes - 16 -

2014-1649/1 Philippines Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Fillet in sauce < 5 5.1 -

2014-1649/2 Philippines Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Fillet in sauce < 5 5.7 -

2014-1543/1 Thailand Fishballs, tasting

prawn n.a. Fishballs - - 11.8

2014-1021/1 Thailand Bigeye Pricanthus tayenus Fishballs - - 8.3

2014-1541/1 Thailand Bigeye Pricanthus tayenus Fishballs - - 12.5

2014-1076/1 China Silver croacker Argyrosomus argentatus Muscle - - 2.8

2014-1022/1 Turkey Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle < 5 4.5 32.3

2014-1022/2 Turkey Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle < 5 < 4 38.0

2014-1025/2 Philippines Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle 5.7 4.4 33.3



2014-1028/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle < 5 20 28.6



2014-1617/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle < 5 < 4 -

2014-1544/1 USA Surimi Merluccius productus Muscle - - 5.3


32






TBARS nmol/g

w.w.

TVB-N mg/100g

w.w.

2014-1762/1 China Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma Muscle - - 18.7



2014-1648/1 Thailand Spanish

mackerel Scomberomorus sp.

Muscle in

sauce 93 29 461

2014-1625/1 Thailand Mixed Trichogaster sp./

Stolephonus sp.

Muscle in

sauce - 12 51.0

2014-1653/1 Thailand Catfish Clarias spp. n.a. - 17 -

2014-1658/1 Thailand Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta whole < 5 157 -

2014-277/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Liver - 43 -

2014-390/1 Russia Spotted wolffish Anarchichas minor Muscle - 21 8.0

2014-1540/1 Thailand Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Muscle - - 8.3

2014-226/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle - - 14.0


2014-276/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle - - -








33






TBARS nmol/g

w.w.

TVB-N mg/100g

w.w.

2014-1975/1 Vietnam Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua Muscle - - 13.5

2014-392/1 Russia Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus

hippoglossus Muscle - < 4 8.5


2014-1643/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle < 5 5 -

2014-1651/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle < 5 < 4 37.2

2014-1654/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle < 5 < 4 30.4

2014-1423/1 Chile Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Muscle - 12 -

2014-225/1 China Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle - - 12.6

2014-1006/1 China Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle - - 14.4

2014-1537/1 Thailand Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle - - 14.1

2014-616/1 Russia Greenland

halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle - < 4 8.9


halibut

Reinhardtius



halibut

Reinhardtius




2014-115/1 Philippines Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle < 5 < 4 24.3

2014-116/1 Sri Lanka Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle < 5 < 4 17.7


34






TBARS nmol/g

w.w.

TVB-N mg/100g

w.w.



2014-348/1 Thailand Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle < 5 < 4 27.7

2014-1174/1 Vietnam Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle < 5 < 4 21.1

2014-202/1 Sri Lanka Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Muscle < 5 < 4 16.0

2014-1425/1 Chile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Muscle - 4 15.2

2014-1538/1 China and

Norway Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Muscle - 8.4 10.5

Samples

analysed 24 39 50

Maximum value 93 157 461


35

48

Table 6. Heavy metal composition, n=130.

n.a.: Data not available. Sample As Cd Hg Pb


from Species Scient. name Tissue/product mg/kg w.w. mg/kg w.w. mg/kg w.w. mg/kg w.w.

2014-351/1 USA and Japan Giant ezo scallops Patinopecten yessoensis Muscle 0.13 0.018 0.003 0.005

2014-1024/1 Thailand Sand gaper Paphia undulata Edible part 1.1 0.15 0.013 0.35

2014-394/1 New Zealand Greenshell mussel Perna canalicula Flour 6.3 0.67 0.099 0.73

2014-2006/1 USA Scallops

Placopecten

Magellanicus Edible part 0.62 0.047 0.01 < 0.003

2014-1661/1 Vietnam Cuttlefish Loligo edulis Whole 2.2 0.064 0.021 0.057

2014-1761/1

Japan Squid

Theragra

chalcogramma and

Nempterus hexadon Muscle, in brine

0.23 0.003 0.033 < 0.007

2014-1210/1 Thailand Krill Acetes sp. Whole, dried 30 6 0.027 0.11

2014-1000/1 Vietnam Brown crab Cancer pagurus White meat 20 0.006 0.078 0.009


2014-1003/1 Vietnam Brown crab Cancer pagurus White meat 1.7 0.058 0.018 0.014


2014-159/1 USA Lobster Homarus sp. White meat 5.3 0.091 0.045 0.007

2014-1007/1 Canada American lobster Homarus americanus Head 5.1 1 0.049 0.067

2014-350/1 Canada American lobster Homarus americanus White meat 4.0 0.41 0.053 < 0.006

2014-1004/1 Canada American lobster Homarus americanus White meat 3.9 0.093 0.092 0.073


36





2014-1005/1 Canada American lobster Homarus americanus White meat 7.7 0.018 0.098 0.015

2014-1671/1 Vietnam Scampi Litopenaeus vannamei White meat 0.25 0.002 0.013 0.009

2014-1650/1 Thailand Greasyback shrimp Metapenaeus ensis White meat 6.7 0.18 0.043 0.071

2014-1655/1 Canada Shrimp-flour Pandalus borealis Flour 2.3 0.63 0.038 0.048

2014-1032/1 Canada Shrimp Pandalus borealis White meat 3.4 0.01 0.039 < 0.005

2014-1688/1 Canada Shrimp Pandalus borealis White meat 19 0.12 0.053 < 0.006

2014-1679/1 Russia Red king crab

Paralithodes

camtschaticus White meat 5.7 0.009 0.017 0.018


Paralithodes

camtschaticus White meat 9.3 0.004 0.017 < 0.006


Paralithodes

camtschaticus White meat 3.3 0.007 0.036 < 0.007

2014-619/1 Vietnam Giant tiger prawns Penaeus monodon White meat 0.12 0.002 0.01 0.009

2014-620/1 Vietnam Giant tiger prawns Penaeus monodon White meat 0.12 0.001 0.01 0.008

2014-1662/1 Peru Crab Platyxanthus orbignyi White meat 17 0.076 0.041 0.013

2014-917/1 China Cuttlefish Cephalopod sp. Oil 8.9 0.016 < 0.005 < 0.03

2014-1771/1 n.a. Cuttlefish Cephalopod sp. Oil 6.1 0.01 < 0.003 < 0.02

2014-1483/1 Israel Krill-oil Euphausia superloa Oil 3.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.03

2014-1484/1 Peru Crude oil Euphausia superloa Oil 8.8 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.02

2014-200/1 USA n.a. n.a. Oil 0.011 < 0.002 0.012 0.0002

2014-672/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 16 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.01


37





2014-687/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 13 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.01

2014-688/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 13 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.01

2014-689/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 12 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.01

2014-918/1 Morocco Crude oil n.a. Oil 0.67 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.03

2014-1077/1 USA Crude oil n.a. Oil 16 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.03

2014-1769/1 USA Sockey salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Oil 2 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.03

2014-1604/1 Thailand Bighead catfish Clarias macrocephalus Fried muscle 0.43 0.005 0.015 0.08

2014-2003/1 China Eel Anguilla japonica Muscle 0.46 0.011 0.16 < 0.02

2014-1076/1 China Silver croacker

Argyrosomus

argentatus Muscle 0.086 0.004 0.005 0.019

2014-1653/1 Thailand Catfish Clarias sp. n.a. 0.083 0.007 0.007 0.12

2014-1022/1 Turkey Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle 0.87 0.015 0.16 < 0.01


2014-1025/1 Philippines Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle 1.1 0.018 0.027 0.12

2014-1025/2 Philippines Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle 0.98 0.008 0.019 < 0.005

2014-1027/1 Turkey Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle 0.14 0.008 0.075 0.02


2014-1028/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle 0.81 0.016 0.025 < 0.01





38





2014-1647/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Loligo sp. Dried flakes 12 3.3 0.028 0.079

2014-1544/1 USA Surimi Merluccius productus Muscle 0.14 < 0.001 0.076 < 0.007

2014-1543/1

Thailand Fishballs, tasting

prawn n.a. Fishballs 0.46 0.006 0.024 < 0.005

2014-1644/1 Thailand Crisp-prawns Panacus merguiensis Muscle 1.1 0.015 < 0.005 0.078

2014-1656/1

Thailand Crabs in water Portunus pelagicus White and brown

meat 0.48 0.031 0.022 0.13

2014-1021/1 Thailand Bigeye Pricanthus tayenus Fishballs 0.77 0.005 0.027 0.005

2014-1541/1 Thailand Bigeye Pricanthus tayenus Fishballs 0.46 0.007 0.023 < 0.005

2014-1663/1 Thailand Yellow croaker

Pseudosciaena

manchurica Bladder 0.078 0.015 0.006 0.25

2014-1658/1 Thailand Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta whole 1.4 0.016 0.006 0.1

2014-1649/1 Philippines Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Fillet in sauce 1.1 0.052 0.012 0.012

2014-1649/2 Philippines Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Fillet in sauce 1.2 0.058 0.013 0.014

2014-1030/1 Thailand Shortfin lizardfish Saurida micropectoralis Muscle 0.13 0.036 0.022 0.034



2014-1646/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Sepia sp. Dried flakes 11 2.1 0.035 0.065

2014-1645/1 Thailand Indian anchovy Stolephorus sp. Sauce-bottled 1.6 0.008 < 0.001 0.008


Theragra

chalcogramma Muscle 1.1 0.005 0.025 0.14


39






Theragra



Theragra


2014-1625/1 Thailand Mixed

Trichogaster sp./

Stolephonus sp. Muscle in sauce 0.047 0.004 0.002 0.11

2014-390/1 Russia Spotted wolffish Anarchichas minor Muscle 6 0.002 0.078 < 0.006

2014-1540/1 Thailand Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Muscle 6.3 0.002 0.037 < 0.005

2014-226/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 2.6 < 0.0007 0.034 < 0.004


2014-275/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Roe 0.7 0.002 0.004 < 0.008

2014-276/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 1.0 0.001 0.031 < 0.005

2014-277/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Liver 8.7 0.16 0.014 < 0.02

2014-278/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 0.53 < 0.0008 0.024 < 0.005



2014-393/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 14 < 0.0008 0.033 < 0.005

2014-618/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Roe 0.73 < 0.001 0.005 < 0.009

2014-625/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 3.7 < 0.0009 0.021 0.035


2014-1018/1 China Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 5.0 < 0.0008 0.028 < .005


40












2014-1975/1 Vietnam Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Muscle 3.7 < 0.0008 0.043 < 0.005


Hippoglossus

hippoglossus Muscle 9.5 < 0.001 0.031 < 0.008

2014-1765/1 China Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Muscle 1.1 < 0.001 0.1 < 0.006

2014-1657/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Mince 17 0.031 0.012 < 0.03






2014-789/1 Russia Haddock

Melanogrammus

aeglefinus Muscle 8.3 < 0.0009 0.03 < 0.005

2014-1423/1 Chile Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Muscle 0.34 < 0.004 0.007 < 0.02

2014-198/1 Japan Red seabream Pagrus major Muscle 0.89 < 0.001 0.16 < 0.008


41





2014-225/1 China Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 1.6 < 0.0008 0.033 < 0.005

2014-788/1 Russia Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 20 < 0.0009 0.029 < 0.006

2014-1006/1 China Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 0.89 < 0.0007 0.086 < 0.004

2014-1083/1 Russia Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 13 < 0.001 0.038 0.006

2014-1537/1 Thailand Saithe Pollachius virens Muscle 2.1 < 0.0008 0.046 < 0.005


Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle 5.2 < 0.001 0.069 < 0.006


Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle 3.5 < 0.001 0.093 < 0.008


Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle 4.3 0.002 0.09 < 0.009

2014-1085/1 Russia Rose fish Sebastes norvegicus Muscle 0.78 < 0.001 0.079 0.032

2014-1667/1 Australia Yellowtail Seriola lalandi Muscle 0.52 < 0.002 0.12 < 0.01

2014-135/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola sp. Muscle 0.77 < 0.002 0.19 < 0.01

2014-199/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola sp. Muscle 1.1 < 0.002 0.11 < 0.01


Theragra



Theragra

chalcogramma Muscle 1.4 0.002 0.017 < 0.004

2014-115/1 Philippines Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle 1.1 0.006 0.27 < 0.008

2014-116/1 Sri Lanka Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle 0.66 0.005 0.12 < 0.007



42






2014-348/1 Thailand Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle 0.33 0.003 0.01 < 0.005

2014-1174/1 Vietnam Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle 0.42 0.004 0.22 < 0.007


2014-202/1 Sri Lanka Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Muscle 1.5 0.009 0.33 < 0.006

2014-114/1 Sri Lanka Swordfish Xiphias gladius Muscle 0.74 0.057 0.44 < 0.007

Max value 30 6.0 0.77 0.73


43

Table 7. Organo-tin compounds, n=14. MBT= mono butyl tin, DBT=dibutyl tin and TBT=tributyl tin

n.d..: not determined MBT DBT TBT

Journal No. Imported from

Species Scient. name Group Tissue

µg/kg w.w. µg/kg w.w. µg/kg w.w.

2014-1024/1 Thailand Sand gaper Paphia undulata Bivalve Edible part n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-2006/1 USA Scallops Placopecten magellanicus Bivalve Edible part n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1007/1 Canada American lobster Homarus americanus Crustacean Head n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1542/1 Vietnam Brown crab Cancer pagurus Crustacean White meat n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1671/1 Vietnam Scampi Litopenaeus vannamei Crustacean White meat n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1650/1 Thailand Greasyback shrimp Metapenaeus ensis Crustacean White meat n.d. < 7 n.d.

2014-1688/1 Canada Shrimp Pandalus borealis Crustacean White meat n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1679/1 Russia Red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus Crustacean White meat n.d. n.d. 0.4



2014-1662/1 Peru Crab Platyxanthus orbignyi Crustacean White meat n.d. n.d. n.d.

2014-1210/1 Thailand Krill Acetes sp. Crustacean Whole, dried n.d. < 7 6 d.w.

2014-1644/1 Thailand Crisp-prawns Panacus merguiensis Proc. Food Muscle n.d. < 7 n.d.

2014-1656/1 Thailand Crabs in water

Portunus pelagicus Proc. Food

White and brown meat n.d. n.d. n.d.


44

Table 8. Dioxins and dioxin like PCBs, n=51.

MO: mono orto, NO: non-orto, TEQ: Toxic equivalents. All sums are calculated as upper bound sums1.

Journal No.

Imported from

Species Scientific name Tissue Sum MO-

PCB Sum

NO-PCB Sum DL-

PCBs

Sum dioxins: PCDD/DF

Sum Total TE

Non-compliant

pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ w.w.

pg/g TEQ w.w.

NC

2014-1661/1 Vietnam Cuttlefish Loligo edulis Muscle 0.002 0.11 0.11 0.19 0.31 -

2014-917/1 China Cuttlefish Cephalopod sp. Oil 0.18 9.2 9.4 6.4 16 NC

2014-1771/1 n.a. Cuttlefish Cephalopod sp. Oil 0.20 11 11 5.6 17 NC

2014-1483/1 Israel Krill-oil

Euphausia superloa Oil

0.02 0.23 0.25 0.44 0.69 -

2014-1484/1 Peru Crude oil

Euphausia superloa Oil

0.05 1.1 1.2 0.29 1.5 -

2014-200/1 USA n.a. n.a. Oil 0.003 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.11 -

2014-672/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 0.07 1.7 1.7 0.14 1.9 -

2014-687/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 0.03 0.73 0.76 0.13 0.89 -

2014-688/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 0.05 1.3 1.4 0.15 1.53 -

2014-689/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 0.03 0.73 0.76 0.18 0.94 -

2014-918/1 Morocco Crude oil n.a. Oil 0.05 1.2 1.2 0.35 1.6 -

2014-1077/1 USA Crude oil (NHC) n.a. Oil 0.51 3.3 3.8 1.0 4.8 -

2014-1769/1 USA Sockey salmon

Oncorhynchus nerka Oil

0.02 0.33 0.36 0.37 0.73 -

2014-1647/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Loligo sp. Dried flakes 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.17 0.19 -

1 According to the EU regulation 1881/2006


45



Journal No.

Imported from


PCB Sum

NO-PCB Sum DL-

PCBs


Sum Total TE

Non-compliant

pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ w.w.

pg/g TEQ w.w.

NC

2014-1646/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Sepia sp. Dried flakes 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.19 0.23 -

2014-1649/1 Philippines Indian oil sardine

Sardinella longiceps Fillet in sauce

0.002 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.08 -

2014-1649/2 Philippines Indian oil sardine

Sardinella longiceps Fillet in sauce

0.002 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.11 -

2014-1022/1 Turkey Skipjack tuna

Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle

0.002 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.12 -



0.002 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.10 -

2014-1025/2 Philippines Skipjack tuna


0.0001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.00 -



0.0003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.01 -



0.0002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.00 -

2014-1028/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna


0.001 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 -



0.001 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.11 -



0.01 0.02 0.03 0.11 0.14 -



0.001 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 -

2014-1648/1 Thailand Spanish mackerel

Scomberomorus sp.

Muscle in sauce

0.01 0.07 0.08 0.31 0.40 -

2014-1653/1 Thailand Catfish Clarias sp. n.a. 0.003 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.13 -

2014-1645/1 Thailand Indian anchovy Stolephorus sp. Sauce-bottled 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.26 0.29 -


46



Journal No.

Imported from


PCB Sum

NO-PCB Sum DL-

PCBs


Sum Total TE

Non-compliant

pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ w.w.

pg/g TEQ w.w.

NC

2014-1658/1 Thailand Indian mackerel

Rastrelliger kanagurta whole

0.004 0.10 0.10 0.19 0.29 -

2014-277/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Liver 0.85 16 17 2.9 20 -


Katsuwonus pelamis Mince

0.01 0.01 0.02 0.11 0.13 -

2014-390/1 Russia Spotted wolffish

Anarchichas minor Muscle

0.04 0.73 0.77 0.60 1.4 -


Hippoglossus hippoglossus Muscle

0.04 0.53 0.57 0.28 0.85 -

2014-1765/1 China Pacific halibut

Hippoglossus stenolepis Muscle

0.002 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 -



0.003 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.17 -

2014-1643/1 Thailand Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle 0.001 0.004 0.00 0.03 0.04 -


pelamis Muscle 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.06 0.07 -


pelamis Muscle 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 -


pelamis Muscle 0.002 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.16 -

2014-616/1 Russia Greenland halibut Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle 0.07 0.76 0.84 0.40 1.2 -





2014-115/1 Philippines Yellowfin tuna Thunnus

albacares Muscle 0.0003 0.005 0.00 0.01 0.02 -


47



Journal No.

Imported from


PCB Sum

NO-PCB Sum DL-

PCBs


Sum Total TE

Non-compliant

pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ

w.w. pg/g TEQ w.w.

pg/g TEQ w.w.

NC

2014-116/1 Sri Lanka Yellowfin tuna Thunnus






2014-348/1 Thailand Yellowfin tuna Thunnus


2014-1174/1 Vietnam Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares

Muscle 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05

2014-202/1 Sri Lanka Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Muscle 0.0001 0.001 0.00 0.0002 0.00 -

2014-114/1 Sri Lanka Swordfish Xiphias gladius Muscle 0.004 0.12 0.12 0.06 0.18 -

Max value 0.89 16 17 6.4 20 2 NC

Next Highest 0.51 11 11 5.6 17 -


48

Table 9. Non-dioxin like PCBs (µg/kg w.w.), n=52. The congener sum PCB6 is calculated as the upper bound sum.

Two different analytical methods were used: one GC/MS and one HRGC/HRMS. This is reflected in the two levels of LOQ values, as seen from the: < values.


from Species Scient. Name. Tissue Group

PCB

28

PCB

52

PCB

101

PCB

138

PCB

153

PCB

180

UB-

Sum

PCB6

Non-

comp

2014-1661/1 Vietnam Cuttlefish Loligo edulis Muscle Cephalopod 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.15 -

2014-917/1 China Cuttlefish Cephalopod sp. Oil Oil < 0.3 < 0.3 1.3 8 8 2.6 21 -

2014-1771/1 n.a. Cuttlefish Cephalopod sp. Oil Oil < 0.2 < 0.2 1 6 8 2.8 18 -

2014-1483/1 Israel Krill-oil Euphausia superloa Oil Oil < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2 0.2 < 0.2 1.2 -

2014-1484/1 Peru Crude oil Euphausia superloa Oil Oil 0.4 0.7 1.5 2.3 3.4 1.2 9.5 -

2014-200/1 USA n.a. n.a. Oil Oil 0.1 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.1 0.46 -

2014-672/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil Oil 0.3 0.7 2.1 3.1 4.3 1.5 12 -

2014-687/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil Oil 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.4 1.8 0.7 5.3 -

2014-688/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil Oil 0.3 0.6 1.4 2 2.7 1 8 -

2014-689/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil Oil 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.6 4.5 -

2014-918/1 Morocco Crude oil n.a. Oil Oil 0.4 0.6 1 3.8 5 1.6 12 -

2014-1077/1 USA Crude oil

(NHC) n.a. Oil Oil 3.9 10 20 31 49 20 134 -

2014-1769/1 USA Sockey

salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Oil Oil < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 0.8 1 0.3 2.7 -

2014-1647/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Loligo sp. Dried flakes Proc. Food < 0.06 < 0.06 < 0.06 < 0.06 < 0.06 <

0.06 0.36 -


49





PCB

28

PCB

52

PCB

101

PCB

138

PCB

153

PCB

180

UB-

Sum

PCB6

Non-

comp

2014-1646/1 Thailand Cuttlefish Sepia sp. Dried flakes Proc. Food < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.07 <

0.07 0.42

2014-1649/1 Philippines Indian oil

sardine Sardinella longiceps Fillet in sauce Proc. Food 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03

<

0.01 0.12

2014-1649/2 Philippines Indian oil

sardine Sardinella longiceps Fillet in sauce Proc. Food 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04

<

0.02 0.17

2014-1022/1 Turkey Skipjack

tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle Proc. Food 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.28



2014-1025/2 Philippines Skipjack






2014-1028/1 Thailand Skipjack

tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle Proc. Food < 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02

<

0.01 0.09


tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle Proc. Food 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02

<

0.01 0.07


50





PCB

28

PCB

52

PCB

101

PCB

138

PCB

153

PCB

180

UB-

Sum

PCB6

Non-

comp


tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle Proc. Food < 0.08 0.08 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.96



2014-1648/1 Thailand Spanish

mackerel Scomberomorus spp

Muscle in

sauce Proc. Food < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6

2014-1653/1 Thailand Catfish Clarias sp. n.a. Proc. Food < 0.02 < 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.1 0.03 0.26 -

2014-1645/1 Thailand Indian

anchovy Stolephorus sp. Sauce-bottled Proc. Food < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 0.8 -

2014-1658/1 Thailand Indian

mackerel

Rastrelliger

kanagurta Whole Proc. Food 0.07 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.07 0.74 -

2014-277/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Liver Seawater fish 8 15 20 23 43 10 119 -


tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Mince Seawater fish 0 -

2014-390/1 Russia Spotted

wolffish Anarchichas minor Muscle Seawater fish 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 2.5 0.7 4.7 -

2014-392/1 Russia Atlantic

halibut

Hippoglossus

hippoglossus Muscle Seawater fish 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.6 0.3 5.3 -

2014-1765/1 China Pacific

halibut

Hippoglossus

stenolepis Muscle Seawater fish 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 < .01 0.16 -


tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle Seawater fish 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.31 -


51





PCB

28

PCB

52

PCB

101

PCB

138

PCB

153

PCB

180

UB-

Sum

PCB6

Non-

comp


tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Muscle Seawater fish 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.009 0.01

<

0.004 0.042 -








halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle Seawater fish 0.6 0.9 1.8 3.1 4.7 1.7 12.8 -


halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle Seawater fish 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.4 2.2 0.5 6.4 -


halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle Seawater fish 1.1 1.7 2.7 4.4 6 1.2 17.1 -

2014-115/1 Philippines Yellowfin

tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle Seawater fish 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.006 0.01 0.003 0.028 -

2014-116/1 Sri Lanka Yellowfin

tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle Seawater fish 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03

<

0.01 0.09 -




52





PCB

28

PCB

52

PCB

101

PCB

138

PCB

153

PCB

180

UB-

Sum

PCB6

Non-

comp


tuna Thunnus albacares Muscle Seawater fish 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.17 -

2014-348/1 Thailand Yellowfin


2014-202/1 Sri Lanka Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Muscle Seawater fish 0.007 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.002 0.022 -

2014-114/1 Sri Lanka Swordfish Xiphias gladius Muscle Seawater fish 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.1 0.2 0.07 0.62 -

2014-275/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Roe Seawater fish 0.04 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.04 0.58 -

Max. All 8 15 20 31 49 20 134 -


53

Table 10. Levels of PBDEs (µg/kg w.w.), n=51. n.a.: Data not available.

Journal

No. Imported

from Specie

Scient. name

Tissue PBDE-

28 PBDE-

47 PBDE-

99 PBDE-

100 PBDE-

153 PBDE-

154 PBDE-

183 LB Sum 7-PBDE

UB Sum 7-PBDE

2014-1661/1 Vietnam Cuttlefish Loligo edulis Muscle < 0.002 0.005 < 0.004 0.002 < 0.002 0.003 <0.004 0.01 0.02

2014-917/1 China Cuttlefish Cephalopod sp. Oil 0.009 0.2 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.09 < 0.006 0.4 0.4

2014-1771/1 n.a. Cuttlefish Cephalopod sp. Oil 0.04 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.07 2.3 2.3

2014-1483/1 Israel Krill-oil

Euphausia

superloa Oil < 0.03 < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.07 0 0.3

2014-1484/1 Peru Crude oil

Euphausia

superloa Oil < 0.04 0.4 0.2 0.07 < 0.04 0.05 < 0.07 0.6 0.8

2014-200/1 USA n.a. n.a. Oil 0.001 0.08 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.003 0.2 0.3

2014-672/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 0.04 0.6 0.1 0.1 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.03 0.8 1

2014-687/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 0.03 0.2 0.05 0.04 < 0.02 0.03 < 0.03 0.4 0.4

2014-688/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 0.05 0.4 0.1 0.07 < 0.02 0.06 < 0.03 0.7 0.8

2014-689/1 Peru n.a. n.a. Oil 0.02 0.2 0.04 0.03 < 0.02 0.03 < 0.03 0.3 0.4

2014-918/1 Morocco Crude oil n.a. Oil < 0.04 0.3 < 0.08 0.04 < 0.04 0.08 < 0.08 0.4 0.7

2014-1077/1 USA

Crude oil (NHC) n.a. Oil

0.1 2 0.08 0.3 0.03 0.09 < 0.006 2.6 2.6

2014-1769/1 USA

Sockey salmon

Oncorhynchus

nerka Oil < 0.02 0.09 < 0.04 0.02 < 0.02 0.02 < 0.04 0.1 0.2

2014-1647/1 Thailand Cuttlefish

Loligo sp.

Dried

flakes < 0.01 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.02 0 0.1

2014-1646/1 Thailand Cuttlefish

Sepia sp.

Dried

flakes < 0.01 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.02 0 0.1

2014-1649/1 Philippines

Indian oil

sardine

Sardinella

longiceps

Fillet in

sauce < 0.002 0.009 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.005 0.009 0.03


Indian oil

sardine

Sardinella

longiceps

Fillet in

sauce < 0.003 0.009 < 0.005 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.005 0.009 0.03

2014-1022/1 Turkey

Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle

<

0.0008 0.003 < 0.002

<

0.0008

<

0.0008

<

0.0008 < 0.002 0.003 0.01

2014-1022/2 Turkey

Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.003 0.01 < 0.006 < 0.003 < 0.003 0.004 < 0.006 0.02 0.04


54


Journal

No. Imported

from Specie

Scient. name

Tissue PBDE-

28 PBDE-

47 PBDE-

99 PBDE-

100 PBDE-

153 PBDE-

154 PBDE-

183 LB Sum 7-PBDE

UB Sum 7-PBDE


Skipjack tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle 0.0002 0.001 0.001 0.0005 0.0007 0.0009 0.0008 0 0.01

2014-1027/1 Turkey

Skipjack tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle 0.0005 0.002 0.002 0.0004 0.002 0.001 0.003 0 0.02

2014-1027/2 Turkey

Skipjack tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle 0.0004 0.003 0.002 0.0004 0.002 0.001 0.002 0 0.02

2014-1028/1 Thailand

Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.003 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.005 0 0.03


Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.002 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.004 0 0.02

2014-1031/1 Turkey

Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.01 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.03 0.03 0.1


Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.001 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.003 0 0.01


Spanish

mackerel

Scomberomorus

sp.

Muscle in

sauce < 0.02 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.04 0 0.2

2014-1653/1 Thailand Catfish Clarias sp. n.a. < 0.004 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.004 0.005 < 0.007 0.08 0.1


Indian

anchovy Stolephorus spp

Sauce-

bottled < 0.02 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.04 0 0.2


Indian

mackerel

Rastrelliger

kanagurta whole < 0.004 0.03 0.01 0.007 < 0.004 0.009 < 0.008 0.06 0.07

2014-277/1 Russia Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Liver 0.2 6 < 0.07 1.1 < 0.03 0.6 < 0.07 8 8


Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Mince < 0.02 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.05 0 0.2

2014-390/1 Russia

Spotted

wolffish

Anarchichas

minor Muscle 0.004 0.1 < 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.007 0.005 0.1 0.2

2014-392/1 Russia

Atlantic

halibut

Hippoglossus

hippoglossus Muscle 0.009 0.2 < 0.007 0.02 0.005 0.04 < 0.007 0.3 0.3

2014-1765/1 China

Pacific

halibut

Hippoglossus

stenolepis Muscle < 0.002 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.004 0 0.02


55


Journal

No. Imported

from Specie

Scient. name

Tissue PBDE-

28 PBDE-

47 PBDE-

99 PBDE-

100 PBDE-

153 PBDE-

154 PBDE-

183 LB Sum 7-PBDE

UB Sum 7-PBDE


Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.007 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.01 0 0.07


Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.002 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.003 0 0.02


Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.002 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.005 0 0.02


Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.001 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.003 0 0.01


Skipjack

tuna

Katsuwonus

pelamis Muscle < 0.003 0.03 0.006 0.006 < 0.003 0.003 < 0.006 0.04 0.05

2014-616/1 Russia

Greenland

halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle 0.02 0.4 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.06 < 0.005 0.6 0.6

2014-617/1 Russia

Greenland

halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle 0.02 0.4 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.008 0.7 0.7

2014-1082/1 Russia

Greenland

halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Muscle 0.04 0.9 0.02 0.1 0.01 0.09 < 0.008 1.2 1.2


Yellowfin

tuna

Thunnus

albacares Muscle 0.0003 0.002 0.0004 0.0008 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0 0.02

2014-116/1 Sri Lanka

Yellowfin

tuna

Thunnus

albacares Muscle < 0.002 0.005 < 0.004 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.004 0.005 0.02


Yellowfin

tuna

Thunnus

albacares Muscle 0.0001 0.002 0.0009 0.0005 0.0003 0.0004

0.0000

3 0 0.02


Yellowfin

tuna

Thunnus

albacares Muscle < 0.002 0.006 < 0.004 0.002 < 0.002 0.006 < 0.004 0.01 0.02

2014-348/1 Thailand

Yellowfin

tuna

Thunnus

albacares Muscle 0.0002 0.001 0.0007 0.0001 0.0004 0.0002 0.0009 0 0.01

2014-1174/1 Vietnam

Yellowfin

tuna

Thunnus

albacares Muscle < 0.002 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.004 0.004 0.02


56


Journal

No. Imported

from Specie

Scient. name

Tissue PBDE-

28 PBDE-

47 PBDE-

99 PBDE-

100 PBDE-

153 PBDE-

154 PBDE-

183 LB Sum 7-PBDE

UB Sum 7-PBDE

2014-202/1 Sri Lanka Bigeye tuna

Thunnus obesus Muscle 0.0002 0.001 0.0007 0.0003 0.0005 0.0005 0.0002 0 0.02

2014-114/1 Sri Lanka Swordfish Xiphias gladius Muscle < 0.002 0.02 < 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.01 < 0.004 0.04 0.05

Max 0.2 6 0.2 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.07 8 8

Second

highest 0.1 2 0.2 0.3 0.03 0.6 0.008 2.6 2.6


57

Table 11. Maximum levels of pesticides (µg/kg w.w.), n=37. Maximum levels for each pesticide in each class of species.

Each value will represent only one sample: The sample with highest value for that pesticide. “-“: not measured.

Group Marine fish

Cephalopods Processed sea food products

#Samples analysed for this parameter/

and number of real values >LOQ

Max value in one sample

LOQ Tissue Fillet

Samples/ class N=20 N=1 N=17

Pesticide Max value Max value Max value

N= / #values >LOQ

Max value µg/kg w.w.

Aldrin <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 37 / 0 None 1.7-10

Dieldrin 3.2 <LOQ <LOQ 37 / 9 3.2 0.2-10

Endrin <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 29/ 0 None 1.7-10

Isodrin 0.3 - - 8 / 6 0.3 0.02

Mirex 0.4 - - 9 / 3 0.4

Endosulfane-alfa <LOQ - - 9 / 0 None 0.05-0.5

Endosulfane-beta <LOQ - - 9 / 0 None 0.05-0.4

Endosulfane-Sulfate <LOQ - - 9 / 0 None 0.05-0.4

Endosulfane combined <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 3.8-20

Cis-chlordane 1.8 - - 9 / 4 1.8 0.02-0.09

Trans-chlordane 0.4 - - 9 / 4 0.4 0.08

Oxy-chlordane 0.6 - - 9 / 4 0.6 0.15-0.5

Chlordane combined <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-3.1

Hexachlorhexane HCH-alfa (Lindane)

0.18 <LOQ <LOQ 36 / 2 0.18 0.02-10

Hexachlorhexane HCH-gamma

0.1 <LOQ <LOQ 37/ 1 0.1 0.02-10

Heptachlor <LOQ - - 8 / 0 None 0.05-0.1

Heptachlor trans epoxide

0.08 - - 9 / 1 0.08 0.05-0.15

Heptachlor combined <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10


58



Group Marine fish





LOQ Tissue Fillet



N= / #values >LOQ


Nonachlor-cis 1.1 - - 8 / 4 1.1 0.05-0.15

Nonachlor-trans 3.2 - - 9 / 5 3.2 0.07

Hexachlorobenzene HCB

4.0 <LOQ <LOQ 37 / 5 4.0 0.03-10

Pentachlorobenzene 0.2 - - 9 / 4 0.2 0.03-0.5

Toxaphene-26 2.8 - - 9 / 4 2.8 0.03-0.5

Toxaphene-32 <LOQ - - 9 / 0 None 0.07-0.4

Toxaphene-42a 0.8 - - 9 / 4 0.8 0.15

Toxaphene-50 2.9 - - 9 / 4 2.9 0.02-0.5

Toxaphene-62 10 - - 9 / 4 10 0.02-1

Toxaphene 40+41 0.9 - - 9 / 4 0.9 0.15

o,p-DDD 0.4 - - 9 / 3 0.4 0.1-0.25

o,p-DDE <LOQ - - 9 / 0 None 0.1-0.25

o,p-DDT 0.8 - - 9 / 3 0.8 0.1-0.25

p,p-DDD 1.8 - - 9 / 3 1.8 0.1-0.2

p,p-DDE 8.0 - - 9 / 5 8.0 0.1

p,p-DDT 1.3 - - 9 / 4 1.3 0.1

DDT compounds combined

9.3 <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 1 9.3 3.4-20

Azinphos-ethyl <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 3.4-20

Azinphos-methyl <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 8.5-50

Bromophos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10


59



Group Marine fish





LOQ Tissue Fillet



N= / #values >LOQ


Bromophos-ethyl <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 8.5-50

Cadusaphos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Carbophenothion <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Chlorfenvinphos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Chlorpyrifos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Chlorpyrifos-methyl <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Diazinon <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Dichlorvos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Dimethoate and Omethoate <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 3.4-20

Ethion <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Ethoprophos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 3.4-20

Etrimfos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Fenchlorphos (parent compound)

<LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Fenitrothion <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Fonofos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Heptenophos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Iodofenphos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 8.5-50

Malathion (parent compound)

<LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 3.4-20

Methacrifos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10


60



Group Marine fish





LOQ Tissue Fillet



N= / #values >LOQ


Methamidophos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Methidathion <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 3.4-20

Mevinphos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Parathion <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Parathion-methyl <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Phosalone <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Phosmet <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 8.5-50

Pirimiphos-methyl <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Quinalphos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 3.4-20

Quintozene (quintozene, PCA)

<LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Sulfotep <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Tecnazene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 3.4-20

Tolclofos-methyl <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Triazophos <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28 / 0 None 1.7-10

Number of determinations 3460


61

Table 12. PAH levels (µg/kg w.w.).

2014-351/1 2014-1024/1 2014-1766/1

Max. value

Species Giant ezo scallops Sand gaper Skipjack tuna

Scient. name Patinopecten

yessoensis Paphia undulata

Katsuwonus pelamis

Tissue/ processing Edible part Fried eible part Fried flakes

5-methylchrysene <0.02 <0.7 <0.30 -

Benz(a)anthracene <0.02 <0.3 <0.50 -

Benzo(a)pyrene <0.02 <0.3 <0.17 -

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.06 <0.3 <0.30 0.06

Benzo(c)fluorene <0.02 <0,7 <0.40 -

Benzo(ghi)perylene <0.02 <0.3 <0.29 -

Benzo(j)fluoranthene 0.02 <0.3 <0.12 0.02

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.04 <0.3 <0.11 0.04

Chrysene 0.1 <0.3 <0.41 0.1

Cyclopenta(cd)pyrene 0.02 <0.7 <0.20 0.02

Dibenz(ah)anthracene <0.02 <0.7 <0.07 -

Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene <0.08 <0.3 <0.30 -

Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene <0.08 <0.7 <0.30 -

Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene <0.08 <0.7 <0.30 -

Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene <0.08 <0.7 <0.30 -

Indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene <0.02 <0.3 <0.12 -

Sum PAH-4 0.16 0 0 0.16


62

A summary of the chemical analytical methods.

Compounds Matrix Method

principle

Screening

method

LOD

wet weight

(µg/kg

w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOD

in muscle

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOQ

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)

Level of action Laboratory

Therapeutic

agents and

dyes

Chloramphenicol Muscle LC-MS n.a. 0.25 - presence

(MRPL=0.3) NIFES

3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone

(AOZ) Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a. 0.5 -

presence

(MRPL=1.0) NIFES

1-Aminohydrantoin

(AHD) Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a. 0.6 -

presence

(MRPL=1.0) NIFES

3-Amino-5-

morpholinomethyl-2-

oxazolidinone (AMOZ)

Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a. 0.4 - presence

(MRPL=1.0) NIFES

Semicarbazide

(SEM) Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a. 0.5 -

presence

(MRPL=1.0) NIFES

Malachite green

(MG) Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a.

0.15

-

presence

(MRPL=2.0) NIFES

Leuco malachite green

(LMG) Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a.

0.15

-

presence

(MRPL=2.0) NIFES

Crystal violet

(CV) Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a. 0.3 - Presence NIFES

Leuco crystal violet

(LCV) Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a. 0.15 - Presence NIFES

Brilliant green

(BG) Muscle LC-MS/MS n.a. 0.15 - Presence NIFES

ANNEX 2: Method performance


63

A summary of the chemical analytical methods.

Compounds Matrix Method

principle

Screening

method

LOD

wet weight

(µg/kg

w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOD

in muscle

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOQ

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)

Level of action Laboratory

POPS

PCDD and PCDF

(dioxins and furans) Muscle GC-HRMS n.a.

0.001-0.5

ng/kg1

0.004-6.3

ng/kg1

Dioxins maximum limits

are in TEQ units

See annex 3

NIFES

non-orto PCB congeners Muscle GC-HRMS n.a. 0.0006-2

ng/kg1

0.001-6

ng/kg1

DLPCBs maximum limits

are in TEQ units

See annex 3 NIFES

Mono-orto PCB

congeners Muscle GC-HRMS n.a.

0.0006-2

ng/kg1

0.001-6

ng/kg1

DLPCBs maximum limits

are in TEQ units.

See annex 3

NIFES

Indicator PCB congeners Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.001-0.08 0.003-0.3 See annex 3 NIFES

Pesticides Muscle

GC-MS/MS

or

LC/MS/MS

See table 10 NIFES/

Eurofins

PBDE-congeners Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.001-0.007 0.002-0.02 n.a. NIFES

PAH,

benzo(a)pyrene(BaP)

SUM PAH4

Edible

parts GC-MS n.a. 0.07-0.1 0.7 See Annex 3

Eurofins/

NIFES

Chemical

elements

Pb Muscle ICPMS n.a. 0.0006 0.001-0.009 See Annex 3 NIFES

Cd Muscle ICPMS n.a. 0.0006 0.001-0.009 See Annex 3 NIFES

As Muscle ICPMS n.a. 0.0006 0.001-0.009 See Annex 3 NIFES

Hg Muscle ICPMS n.a. 0.0006 0.001-0.009 See Annex 3

NIFES

1) Note that The kongener LOD aand LOQ for dioxins aned PCBs are provided in analytical concentration units and not in the TEQ units that are used for the

Maximum limits for these compounds. The TEQ is in contrast a toxicity scale.

1) Ng/kg is the same scale (unit) as pg/g.


64

ANNEX 3: Summary of legal maximum levels

Regulatory maximum levels for some contaminants in foodstuffs.

Element or pollutant

Unit of

measure

ment

Marin Fish

Fillet1

Some fish

species

Fillet1

Wild

caught

Eel

Fillet1

Fresh

water

Fish

Fillet1

Smoked

seafood

products

Fish liver

Crusta-

ceans:

White

meat

Bivalves

and

(smoked

bivalves)2

Cephalo-

pods3

Marine

Oils HC4

Arsenic (As) - - - - - - - - -

Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg

w.w.6 0.05 0.1-0.3 0.1 0.05 - - 0.5 1.0 1.0 -

Mercury (Hg) 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 -

Lead (Pb) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 - 0.5 1.5 1.0 -

Sum of dioxins and

furans5

Pg/g

TEQ

w.w. 6

3.5 3.5 3.5 - - 3.5 - - 1.75

Sum of dioxin like

PCBs5 - - - - - - - - - -

Sum of dioxins.

furans and dioxin

like PCBs5

6.5 - 10 6.5 - 20 6.5 - - 6

Sum of six indicator

PCBs5

Ng/g

w.w.6 75 - 300 125 - 200 75 - - 200

PAH

Benzo[a]pyrene

μg/kg

w.w. 6

- - - - 57

28 - -

5

(6)2 - 2

PAH4, sum of 4

PAH compounds9

μg/kg

w.w.6 - - - -

307

128 - -

30

(35)2 - 10

Based on Commission

regulation no 1881/2006

1) When fish is intended to be eaten whole, the limit should be applied to the whole product.

2) Value in brackets concerns smoked bivalves.

3) Without viscera.

4) HC = Human consumption

5) Upper bound sum is assumed.

6) Wet weight (W.W.); the concentration in a naturally moist sample. Analytical values for dried food should be transformed to their

corresponding W.W.. based values before the maximum llevel is applied.

7) Valid until August 31th 2014.

8) Valid from September 1th 2014

9) Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene, calculated as a lower bound sum.


65

ISBN 978-82-91065-29-8

Documents

Veterinær grensekontroll 2014