VIDHYAMANJU 2

8/3/2019 VIDHYAMANJU 2

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CONSERVATION OF WATER ANDRAIN WATER HARVESTING

PRESENTED BY:

VIDYASHREE.N

MANJUSHREE.P

Vth Sem Civil

Engineering Dept


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INTRODUCTION

Water is finite resource and cannot be replaced or duplicated and produced on commercialscale.

Only 2.75% of water on earth is fresh.

Depletion of water resources degrades natural environment and no living being can survivewithout them.

It plays a unique role in traditional and modern economy and is mandatory in all dailychores of mankind including drinking, domestic, agriculture and industrial.

Clean and fresh water is unique commodity, therefore be valued and safeguard.

HENCE CONSERVATION OF WATER HELPS IN PREVENTING POLLUTIONS OFSURFACE AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES.


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WORLD WATER BALANCE

TOTAL WATER RESOURCES 1460.M.CUB.KM

OCEANS AND SEAS 94%

ICE CAPS AND GLACIERS 2%

GROUND WATER AND SOIL MOISTURE 4%

SURFACE RIVERS AND LAKES NEG


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AVAILABILITY OF WATER

WATER RESOURCES

Saline water 97.3%

Fresh water 2.7%

Fresh water resources

Polar ice caps 77.2%

Ground water & soil moisture 22.4%

Lakes swamp & reservoirs 0.35%Atmosphere 0.04%

Rivers & streams 0.01%


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WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA

AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITION 4000BCM

AVERAGE ANNUAL AVAILABILITY 1869BCM

ESTIMATED UTILIZABLE WATER RESOURCES 1123

- SURFACE WATER 690BCM

-GROUND WATER 433BCM

PRESENT UTILIZATION

-IRRIGATION 501BCM

-DOMESTIC 30 BCM

-INDUSTRY ENERGY AND OTHER 74BCM


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Necessity of water conservation

The increased use of small scale watersupply for productive and economicpurposes (livelihoods approach).

The decrease in the quality and quantity ofground and surface water.

The saving and utilizing of rainwaterdecreases the cost of water supply.


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The industries which needs large quantityof water for there manufacturing can be

balanced by conserving water.

To balance the water scarcity in future.

Health hazards due to consumption ofpolluted water


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THE CHART SHOWING THE WATER UTILIZATIONFOR DOMESTIC PURPOSE

14%

26%

17%

2%

2%

21%

2% 16%

DOMESTIC NEED LEAK

TOILET

SHOWER

OTHER

DOMESTIC

BATH

CLOTHES

WASHER

DISH WASHER

FAUCET


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TIPS FOR WATER CONSERVATION ININDOORS

TURN OFF WATER WHILE BRUSHINGTEETH

USE WASTE WATER OF CLOTHCLEANING TO CLEAN THE FLOOR


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VERIFY YOUR HOME IS LEAK FREE.REPAIRDRIPPING TAPS BY REPLACING WASHERS


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DEVOLEP HABIT OF MONITORINGWATER MATERS


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AVOID FLUSHING THE TOILETS UNNECESSARILY.USEWATER EFFICIENT FLUSHES,PLUMBING FIXTURES


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TIPS FOR CONSERVING WATER INOUTDOORS

DONT OVER WATER YOUR LAWNS. A GOOD RAINELIMINATES THE NEED FOR WATERING FOR MORETHAN A WEEK

WATER THE LAWNS DURING EARLY MORNINGHOURS WHEN TEMPERATURE IS LESS.THISREDUCES LOSSES FROM EVOPARATION


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DONT ALLOW WATER TO FLOW INTO

GUTTERS


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GROUP PLANTS TOGETHER BASED ON SIMILARWATER NEEDS

AVOID OVER FERTILIZING YOUR LAWN.

THE APPLICATION OF EXESS FERTILIZAR INCREASESTHE NEED FOR WATER


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TIPS TO CONSERVE THE WATER ATPUBLIC PLAACES

Close public taps after use.

Close the running taps opened by others.

Dont use excessive water at public conveniences.


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Check for leakages in water supply systems andattend to leakage complaints immediately.

Encourage residents to adopt water

conservations and roof top rain water harvestingsystems.

Inform local bodies of leaks in water supply

system.


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TIPS TO CONSERVE WATER BYSOCIETY

Be and encourage others to be part of water consciouscommunity.

Encourage your neighbours and friends to install and use highefficiency plumbing fixtures and exhort them to adopt water

saving habits.

Encourage for adopting roof top rain water harvesting.


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Encourage for plantation / afforestation in thearea.

Encourage social groups engaged in waterconservation program.


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Encourage school system to helpdevelop and promote a waterconservations ethics among children.

S O CO S


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TIPS TO CONSERVE THE WATER IN

AGRICULTURE FIELDS

Learn to compute water requirements of crops andapply as much water as needs. Do not irrigaterandomly rather follow a proper schedule.

Choose irrigation system best suited to crops, soiland climate

Level the land properly.


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Provide good maintenance to irrigationsystem.

Use sensors to indicate irrigation time.

Recycle tail end water for irrigation.


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Check joints, couplings properly for leaks.

Canals should be lined and ensure cansare free from seepages.

Dont breach canals.


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TIPS TO CONSERVE THE WATER ININDUSTRIES

Perform water audit to benchmark unit wisewater use.

Modernize processes to reduce waterrequirements.

Use high pressure washing systems toreduce waste water generation.


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Recycling water with a re circulatingcooling water use by using the same water

to perform several cooling operations.

Th t t h ld b id d f


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The waste water should be considered forgardening etc.,

Proper processing of effluents by industrial unitsto adhere to the norms for disposal to avoidpollution.

Tips recommended for indoor and outdoorwater conservation may also be applied.


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RAINWATER HARVESTING

Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is theprocess of collecting and storing rainwaterin a scientific and controlled manner forfuture use.


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Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting


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BENEFITS OF WATER

CONSERVATION

WATER EFFICIENCY MEASURES CAN REDUCE WATERAND SEWER COSTS BY UPTO 30%

ENERGY SAVINGS BY USING LESS ENERGY FOR

PUMPING AND TREATING WATER

FINANCIAL SAVINGS TO THE USER FROM USING WATERHARVESTED FROM RAIN

REDUCES REQUIRMRNT OF LARGE RESORVOIRS ANDDAMS

REDUCES NECESSITY OF REGULATIONS ONOBSTRUCTION OF GROUND WATER


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely thank my college for giving me an opportunity to present our

paper On Water Conservation and Rain water Harvesting

I equally owe gratitude to our Principal Sri. B. Krishnappa for his excellent

co-operation and inspiration for completion of paper

I would also like to thank our HOD, Sri C. Chandrashekar, Civil

Engineering Department for providing the facilities provided to ensure thecompletion of our paper

We also are truly grateful to all our teachers of our department for providing

their expertise and guiding us through the completion of paper

Documents

VIDHYAMANJU 2