EVOLUTION OF

HTML

Submitted By:VISHAL SHARMA01014807714I-5

INTRODUCTION

HTML is a markup language for describing web documents (web pages). HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. A markup language is a set of markup tags. HTML documents are described by HTML tags. Each HTML tag describes different document content.

HTML VERSIONS

1991   HTML 1.0 debuts as a hybrid of SGML that includes

the “href” tag marrying an already well-accepted text markup language with the ability to link documents.•    The original release included only 20 elements, 13 of which are still a part of HTML 4.01.

1994

HTML 2.0 becomes the first official set of standards for HTML – the base standard by which all browsers were measured until HTML 3.2.•    HTML 2.0 was used as a benchmark during the Web explosion.•    Other browsers released in 1993 included Cello, Arena, Lynx, tkWWW and Mosaic.•    Mosaic Communications, later renamed Netscape Communications, releases Netscape, based on the National Center for Supercomputing Applications’ (NCSA) Mosaic browser- the 1st commercial web browser with a graphical interface

1996

•    HTML now supports tables allowing for improved control over the presentation of tabular information•    HTML also supports “Client-Side Image Maps,” document elements that allows clicking different areas of an image to reference different network resources, as specified by Uniform Identifier (URIs).•    The first CSS specification becomes an official W3C Recommendation and although completed, it was more than 3 years before any web browser achieved near-full implementation of the specification

1997

•After heated arguments from researchers who felt that text attributes, like background color and texture, font size and font face, were moving HTML away from its roots as a way to organize, not decorate, documents for sharing; and amidst the browsers wars between IE and Netscape, HTML 3.2 (code name WILBUR) is approved.

•    This was the time of widespread over-use of frames in webpages, one of the worst Internet missteps, second only to auto-playing midi files.

1998

•    Cougar is the code name for what becomes HTML 4.0, published as a recommendation in late 1997 and finally approved as HTML 4.01.•    This version includes Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), an easier way to control presentational elements, like colors, fonts, and backgrounds

2000

•    HTML and XML join forces to become XHTML, picking up the rigid code structure of XML to enforce cleaner code, but requires code rewrites as it isn’t backwards compatible.•    Though XML is the standard, most browsers forgive this and still allow sloppy code, uppercase code and improperly closed tags, to render making it difficult to attain wide adoption of stricter XML code.

2002

•    Many became critical of messy coding practices and the idea of tableless design began to grow.•    The term “tableless design” implies the use of CSS rather than layout tables to position HTML elements on the page.•    HTML tables still have their legitimate place when presenting out tabular information within web pages.•    This was also the time new ideas for sharing and exchanging content ad hoc, such as Weblogs and RSS, gained adoption quickly and was named “Web 2.0

2005

•    Ajax, a technique that dates back to IE 4’s iFrame, makes it quicker for web pages to request and update dynamic page content to respond like desktop applications as seen in cloud applications like Rackspace Email and Gmail, as well as social media sites, like Digg, Facebook, and Twitter; and online Content Management Systems (CMS), like WordPress.•    Ajax was the name used by Adaptive Path in 2005 as an easier way to talk to clients about Asynchronous JavaScript+CSS+DOM+XMLHttpRequest

2008

•    Unhappy with the lack of focus on rich web applications in XHTML, the Web Hypertext Application Technology (WHAT) Work Group forms in 2004 with members of Apple, Mozilla, and Opera and publishes the first HTML5 draft four years later.•    By 2009, the XHTML development team disassembles to join the HTML5 camp.•    HTML5 isn’t slated to become a standard until at least 2022, but Firefox and IE9 are already supporting some of its features. As with most new versions of HTML, its dominance will only be as strong as its developer and browser support

2010

•    In 2010, Steve Jobs declares that Apple products will no longer support Flash for a range of reasons including its proprietary code and security holes and pushes the development of the audio and video playing features of HTML5 into the limelight.•    Combining Flash and HTML5 to deliver a free space for people to share user-generated video, YouTube delivers about 2 billion videos each day after launching in 2005.

2057

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