Table of ContentsNOMENCLATURE...................................................................................................................................2

LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................................3

LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................5

OTHER CHAPTERS..................................................................................................................................5

CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................7

REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................7

APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................................8

1

NOMENCLATUREμ - Viscosity

ρ – Density

D – Pipe diameter

d – Slot diameter

hL – head loss

f – Darcy friction coefficient

kL – loss coefficient

OD - outer diameter

ID - inner diameter

V - Volume flow rate

m - Mass flow rate

v – Velocity

z – Height

Re – Reynolds number

2

LIST OF FIGURES

1. Figure B.1: Line chart of pipeline system ……………………………………………………………………………………6

1. Figure B.2: Comparison of pump and system gauge pressure differences……………………………………6

2. Figure B.3: Comparison of pump and system gauge pressure differences…………………………………….7

3

LIST OF TABLES

1. Table B.1: Summary of pipe system investigation…………………………………………………………………………5

2. Table B.2: Summary of pipe lengths required for each scenario……………………………………………………5

4

INTRODUCTIONThe farmer, who is the owner of Platkop cattle farm, intends on extending his land to host more cattle. He desires to construct a reservoir on this land for his cattle to drink. For this, he will need to pump water from a borehole, through a location on the land where the gradient suddenly changes, all the way until it reaches the reservoir 1080 m above sea level. For this purpose, he wants to use different grades of pipes with either a 50mm or 40mm diameter. Here are the possible combinations of these pipes: - the four scenarios:

1. 40 mm diameter pipeline extending all the way between the pump and the reservoir.

2. 50 mm diameter pipeline extending all the way between the pump and the reservoir.

3. 50 mm diameter pipeline extending between the pump and location 2. Then a 40mm diameter pipeline extending from location 2 to the reservoir.

4. 40 mm diameter pipeline extending between the pump and location 2. Then a 50mm diameter pipeline extending from location 2 to the reservoir.

As an engineer employed to advise the farmer about the best solution to his problem, I have to investigate the feasibility and cost of each scenario, and use my findings to recommend him the best scenario.

OTHER CHAPTERS

Table B.1: Summary of pipe system investigation

Scenario Achievable? Flow rate,m3/s Fill time(hrs) Price,R1 YES 0.8765(10-3) 13.44 70 7602 NO3 YES 0.9571(10-3) 12.31 62 7804 YES 0.9397(10-3) 12.53 78 209

Table B.2: Summary of pipe lengths required for each scenario

Scenario Lengths of pipe,mGrade: G-10 G-20 G-30 G-40Diameter(mm) 40 50 40 50 40 50 40 501234

5

Figure B.1: Line chart of pipeline system

Figure B.2: Comparison of pump and system gauge pressure differences

6

3200m

2500m

CONCLUSIONI would recommend that the farmer use scenario 3 .That is, he should use a 50 mm diameter pipeline extending between the pump and location 2, then a 40mm diameter pipeline extending from location 2 to the reservoir. This is because with the results compiled by comparing the costs of different scenarios, this combination of pipes proved to be the cheapest. Thus he should have a pump and system operating at the pressure of 0.9017 Mpa and the flow rate of 0.9397 (103) m3/s.

This scenario has proven not only to be feasible, having intersected with the pump characteristic curve, but also the most inexpensive scenario. It will cost only around R60 000 while the other scenarios will cost close to R70000.

Scenario3 is also the best of the other scenarios because it has the highest operating flow rate of 0.9397 (103) m3/s. this means more water flows through it per unit time, therefore will fill the tank much faster than all the other combination of pipes.

REFERENCES

Cencel, YA and Cimbala, JM,2010, Fluid Mechanics, Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd ed, McGraw-Hill, New York.

7

APPENDICES

8