vvaxtang beriZeaxtang beriZe7)/vaxtang beridze...niko firosmani”. qarTulsa da rusul xelmoweraSi zogjer amoklebda gvars: “firosmanaS.”. es namuSevrebia „aleqsandre garanovis

vaxtang beriZevaxtang beriZe

niko firosmanaSviliniko firosmanaSvili

nawili meorenawili meore

I. I. niko firosmanis yvelaze meti suraTi – 149 – inaxeba saqa-niko firosmanis yvelaze meti suraTi – 149 – inaxeba saqa-

rTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSirTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi,,1 TbilisSi. aq Tavmoy- TbilisSi. aq Tavmoy-

rilia TiTqmis yvela umniSvnelovanesi nawarmoebi. sxva muzeumebSi rilia TiTqmis yvela umniSvnelovanesi nawarmoebi. sxva muzeumebSi

(moskovSi – tretiakovis galereaSi, aRmosavleTis xalxTa xelo-(moskovSi – tretiakovis galereaSi, aRmosavleTis xalxTa xelo-

vnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi, peterburgSi – rusuli xelovnebis vnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi, peterburgSi – rusuli xelovnebis

muzeumSi, mirzaanSi _ niko firosmanaSvilis muzeumSi), kerZo muzeumSi, mirzaanSi _ niko firosmanaSvilis muzeumSi), kerZo

koleqciebSi (TbilisSi, moskovSi, sankt-peterburgsa da parizSi) koleqciebSi (TbilisSi, moskovSi, sankt-peterburgsa da parizSi)

– TiTo an ramdenime namuSevaria. kedlis mxatvroba, rogorc ukve – TiTo an ramdenime namuSevaria. kedlis mxatvroba, rogorc ukve

aRvniSneT, daRupulia. ganadgurebulia, agreTve, abrebis umeteso-aRvniSneT, daRupulia. ganadgurebulia, agreTve, abrebis umeteso-

bac. rac gadarCa, umciresi nawilia firosmanis mier Seqmnilisa. bac. rac gadarCa, umciresi nawilia firosmanis mier Seqmnilisa.

magram Zieba dResac grZeldebamagram Zieba dResac grZeldeba2. .

mxatvris nawarmoebTa atribucia maincdamainc rTuli ar aris, mxatvris nawarmoebTa atribucia maincdamainc rTuli ar aris,

Tumca am sakiTxze sagangebod aravis umuSavia da SemdegSi, calkeul Tumca am sakiTxze sagangebod aravis umuSavia da SemdegSi, calkeul

namuSevarTan dakavSirebiT, SesaZlebelia, wamoiWras kidec zogi namuSevarTan dakavSirebiT, SesaZlebelia, wamoiWras kidec zogi

monografiis pirveli nawili Jurnalis wina nomerSi daibeWda. 1987–88 wlebSi, rodesac es naSromi iwereboda, muzeumSi firosmanis 149 sura-

Ti iyo aRricxuli. 1999–2001 wlebSi sareestro komisiam ori ferweruli tilo

„aleqsandre zaqarias Ze manuCaraSvili“ da „mogzauri“ firosmanis wres miakuT-

vna. 1930 wels dimitri SevardnaZem muzeumisaTvis SeiZina fragmenti suraTidan

“nadiroba indoeTSi“ („monadire~, 33X22 sm). 1937 wels muzeum „metexis“ fonds

gadaeca suraTi, romelsac es fragmenti ekuTvnoda. dRes xelovnebis muzeumSi

fragmenti daubrunda ZiriTad suraTs da mimdinareobs restavracia. dReisaTvis

muzeumSi aRricxulia firosmanaSvilis 146 namuSevari (g.m.).

k. zdaneviCis katalogSi CamoTvlilia ormocamde dakarguli da daRupuli na-warmoebi – isini, romelTa naxva da aRnusxva man mainc moaswro, firosmanTan nac-

nobobis pirvel xanebSi. amave katalogidan Cans, rom 1926 wels ramdenime aTeuli

nawarmoebi jer kidev samikitnoebsa da Rvinis sardafebSi iyo, daaxloebiT 70 ki –

kerZo sakuTrebad rCeboda. e. kuznecovis 1984 wels gamocemul wignSi (leningradi,

„avrora“) dakargulTa siaSi 57 dasaxelebaa.

19niko firosmanaSvilisakiTxi. suraTebis umetesoba xelmowerilia.sakiTxi. suraTebis umetesoba xelmowerilia.3bevri sxva mniSvn-bevri sxva mniSvn-

elovani suraTis avtori rom firosmania, dadasturebulia maTi elovani suraTis avtori rom firosmania, dadasturebulia maTi

Sesrulebis TviTmxilvelTa an SemkveTTa mier. dasasrul, gadam-Sesrulebis TviTmxilvelTa an SemkveTTa mier. dasasrul, gadam-

wyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mxatvrulsa da teqnikur maCveneblebs, Si-wyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mxatvrulsa da teqnikur maCveneblebs, Si-

naarszec rom araferi vTqvaT. CvenTvis cnobil suraTTagan sul naarszec rom araferi vTqvaT. CvenTvis cnobil suraTTagan sul

ramdenimea „amovardnili“, sxvebi eWvs ar iwveven. ramdenimea „amovardnili“, sxvebi eWvs ar iwveven.

ufro rTulia daTariRebis sakiTxi. TviT mxatvris mier daTari-ufro rTulia daTariRebis sakiTxi. TviT mxatvris mier daTari-

Rebuli suraTi cotaa. maTi umetesoba ratomRac 1906 wels miekuT-Rebuli suraTi cotaa. maTi umetesoba ratomRac 1906 wels miekuT-

vneba (ucnauria, rom amaTgan ori namuSevari erTi da imave dRiT, 8 vneba (ucnauria, rom amaTgan ori namuSevari erTi da imave dRiT, 8

ivnisiT TariRdeba).ivnisiT TariRdeba).4 zogi suraTis Sesaxeb sityvieri cnoba arse- zogi suraTis Sesaxeb sityvieri cnoba arse-

bobs, firosmanis nacnobebisagan miRebuli, magram, ori-sami gamonak-bobs, firosmanis nacnobebisagan miRebuli, magram, ori-sami gamonak-

lisis garda, saeWvoa, rom es cnobebi zusti da utyuari iyos. lisis garda, saeWvoa, rom es cnobebi zusti da utyuari iyos.

kirile zdaneviCis mier Sedgenil katalogSi, romelic jer kirile zdaneviCis mier Sedgenil katalogSi, romelic jer

1926 wels krebulSi daibeWda, Semdeg ki mis sakuTar wignSi, su-1926 wels krebulSi daibeWda, Semdeg ki mis sakuTar wignSi, su-

raTebis nawili 1895–1903 wlebiT TariRdeba, sxvebi ki, 1904 wli-raTebis nawili 1895–1903 wlebiT TariRdeba, sxvebi ki, 1904 wli-

dan moyolebuli, wlebis mixedviT aris ganawilebuli. magram es dan moyolebuli, wlebis mixedviT aris ganawilebuli. magram es

katalogebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, wignis mixedviT ar Cans, katalogebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, wignis mixedviT ar Cans,

rom avtors daTariRebisaTvis raime dokumenturi monacemebi hqon-rom avtors daTariRebisaTvis raime dokumenturi monacemebi hqon-

da: suraTebi man sakuTari dakvirvebebisa da mosazrebebis mixedviT da: suraTebi man sakuTari dakvirvebebisa da mosazrebebis mixedviT

daalaga. zdaneviCs warmodgenili aqvs agreTve firosmanis Semoq-daalaga. zdaneviCs warmodgenili aqvs agreTve firosmanis Semoq-

medebis saerTo periodizaciac (sam periods gamohyofs: 1895–1903, medebis saerTo periodizaciac (sam periods gamohyofs: 1895–1903,

1903–1915, 1915–1918 wlebi)1903–1915, 1915–1918 wlebi)2020. misi dakvirvebaTa nawili ueWvelad . misi dakvirvebaTa nawili ueWvelad

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rogorc marTebuli; magram Semdgomi gaR-gasaTvaliswinebelia, rogorc marTebuli; magram Semdgomi gaR-

rmavebuli kvleva-Ziebis gareSe mainc Znelia, uyoymanod daeTanxmo rmavebuli kvleva-Ziebis gareSe mainc Znelia, uyoymanod daeTanxmo

amgvar periodizacias; miT ufro moiTxovs dakvirvebul Semowmebas amgvar periodizacias; miT ufro moiTxovs dakvirvebul Semowmebas

nawarmoebTa daTariReba. me mgonia, maTi zogadi dajgufeba mar-nawarmoebTa daTariReba. me mgonia, maTi zogadi dajgufeba mar-

Tlac SesaZlebelia, magram saeWvoa, rom wlebis mixedviT zusti Tlac SesaZlebelia, magram saeWvoa, rom wlebis mixedviT zusti

ganlagebisaTvis SevZloT sando sabuTebis moZieba. asea Tu ise, es ganlagebisaTvis SevZloT sando sabuTebis moZieba. asea Tu ise, es

momavlis saqmea. momavlis saqmea.

zogi suraTis dasaxelebac pirobiTad unda miviCnioT. marTa-zogi suraTis dasaxelebac pirobiTad unda miviCnioT. marTa-

lia, bevr maTgans werilobiTi ganmarteba axlavs: „uwindeli saqa-lia, bevr maTgans werilobiTi ganmarteba axlavs: „uwindeli saqa-

rTvelos qorwili“, „aqtrisa margarita“, „Savi zRva“, „uSvilo rTvelos qorwili“, „aqtrisa margarita“, „Savi zRva“, „uSvilo

milioneri da Svilebiani Raribi“, „yaCaRma cxeni moipara“, „SeTe milioneri da Svilebiani Raribi“, „yaCaRma cxeni moipara“, „SeTe

gzas uCvenebs Tavad bariatinskis Samilis dasaWerad“, „viris gzas uCvenebs Tavad bariatinskis Samilis dasaWerad“, „viris firosmani Tavis suraTebs xels awerda xan qarTulad, xan rusulad, Tanac sul sxvadasxvanairad: an saxelsa da gvars aRniSnavda, an erT inicials da gvars, an

marto inicialebs, xSirad ki asoebiT Ж.Н.П., rac rusulad niSnavda “fermweri niko firosmani”. qarTulsa da rusul xelmoweraSi zogjer amoklebda gvars:

“firosmanaS.”.

es namuSevrebia „aleqsandre garanovis portreti“ da „qeifi mearRne daTiko

zemelTan“ (g.m.).

20 vaxtang beriZexidi“, „yaCaRebi saZarcvelad midian“. zogi ganmarteba qarTulia, xidi“, „yaCaRebi saZarcvelad midian“. zogi ganmarteba qarTulia,

bevria rusulic (rusuli warwerebi didad daSorebulia swori bevria rusulic (rusuli warwerebi didad daSorebulia swori

orTografiidan). ganmarteba axlavs zog portretsac (jgufureb-orTografiidan). ganmarteba axlavs zog portretsac (jgufureb-

sac – aq gvarebi yovel gamosaxul pirTan aris miwerili;sac – aq gvarebi yovel gamosaxul pirTan aris miwerili;5 magram magram

suraTebis umetesoba ufro gvian, mxatvrisadmi miZRvnil liter-suraTebis umetesoba ufro gvian, mxatvrisadmi miZRvnil liter-

aturaSi moinaTla. zogi amaTgani konkretulia, „aRwerilobiTi“ aturaSi moinaTla. zogi amaTgani konkretulia, „aRwerilobiTi“

(„qali ludis kaTxiT“, „qali zambaxiT da qolgiT“, „meTevze“, („qali ludis kaTxiT“, „qali zambaxiT da qolgiT“, „meTevze“,

„qeifi vazis talaverSi“ da sxv.), zogi – „ganmazogadebeli“ („kax-„qeifi vazis talaverSi“ da sxv.), zogi – „ganmazogadebeli“ („kax-

eTis eposi“ – „swavluli“ saxelwodeba, romelic, cxadia, TviT eTis eposi“ – „swavluli“ saxelwodeba, romelic, cxadia, TviT

firosmanis Serqmeuli ar SeiZleba iyos; „mdidari kintos Svili“, firosmanis Serqmeuli ar SeiZleba iyos; „mdidari kintos Svili“,

„orTaWalis turfa“ da sxv.). „orTaWalis turfa“ da sxv.).

rogoria misi suraTebis Tematika? pirveli, rac Tvals xvde-rogoria misi suraTebis Tematika? pirveli, rac Tvals xvde-

ba, rodesac maT ecnobi, da rac mTel mis Semoqmedebas Tavisebur ba, rodesac maT ecnobi, da rac mTel mis Semoqmedebas Tavisebur

Seferilobas aniWebs – es aris didi raodenoba suraTebisa, rom-Seferilobas aniWebs – es aris didi raodenoba suraTebisa, rom-

lebic qeifis scenebs, moqeifeTa „kampaniebs“ asaxavs; Tematurad lebic qeifis scenebs, moqeifeTa „kampaniebs“ asaxavs; Tematurad

SeiZleba maT davukavSiroT naturmortebi da abrebi, romlebic SeiZleba maT davukavSiroT naturmortebi da abrebi, romlebic

erTgvarad dasuraTebul informaciebs warmoadgenen. mas Semdeg, erTgvarad dasuraTebul informaciebs warmoadgenen. mas Semdeg,

rac gavecaniT firosmanis cxovrebas, im wres, romelSic igi imy-rac gavecaniT firosmanis cxovrebas, im wres, romelSic igi imy-

ofeboda, mis SemkveTT, aseTi suraTebis xvedriTi wona ver gagvak-ofeboda, mis SemkveTT, aseTi suraTebis xvedriTi wona ver gagvak-

virvebs. firosmanis suraTebi sruldeboda samikitnoebis, Rvinis virvebs. firosmanis suraTebi sruldeboda samikitnoebis, Rvinis

sardafebis, samxiarulo dawesebulebaTa dasamSveneblad. sardafebis, samxiarulo dawesebulebaTa dasamSveneblad.

magram es „qeifebi“ moicavs Temebis sakmaod vrcel wres da magram es „qeifebi“ moicavs Temebis sakmaod vrcel wres da

zogjer ukavSirdeba sxva Temebsac: „qeifi“ xan „wminda“ saxiT aris zogjer ukavSirdeba sxva Temebsac: „qeifi“ xan „wminda“ saxiT aris

warmodgenili – gaSlili sufra, mis garSemo msxdomni, pirobiTi, warmodgenili – gaSlili sufra, mis garSemo msxdomni, pirobiTi,

abstraqtuli foni; umetesad ki aseTi scena gaSlilia peizaJis abstraqtuli foni; umetesad ki aseTi scena gaSlilia peizaJis

fonze – aq an mTebi, mdinareebi da xeebia, an venaxi; peizaJi aq, Tavi-fonze – aq an mTebi, mdinareebi da xeebia, an venaxi; peizaJi aq, Tavi-

si mniSvnelobiT, TiTqmis utoldeba sakuTriv „qeifs“; magram aris si mniSvnelobiT, TiTqmis utoldeba sakuTriv „qeifs“; magram aris

ufro didi kompoziciebic, romlebSic „qeifi“ mxolod erT-erTi ufro didi kompoziciebic, romlebSic „qeifi“ mxolod erT-erTi

scenaa. interierSi moqceuli „qeifi“ mas ar dauxatavs. scenaa. interierSi moqceuli „qeifi“ mas ar dauxatavs.

vin „qeifobs“ firosmanis suraTebSi? ramdenime SemTxvevaSi Ta-vin „qeifobs“ firosmanis suraTebSi? ramdenime SemTxvevaSi Ta-

vadebi arian. maTi cnoba advilia tansacmliT, ieriT, romlis gad-vadebi arian. maTi cnoba advilia tansacmliT, ieriT, romlis gad-

rogorc cnobilia, firosmanis suraTebi xSirad aRWurvilia ara informaciis

Semcveli warwerebiT, aramed Taviseburi „lozungebiT“ da „mowodebebiT“, rom-

lebic am wignSic aris moxsenebuli gzadagza: „madloba RmerTsa rom deveswariT

aRdgoma dResa qriste aRdga WeSmaritad gaumarjos Zmobas amxanagobas“; „...

keTili cxovreba yvela gamravlos“; „Zmebo, davlioT Rvino, movigonoT koxta

nino“; „gaumarjos purmarilian kacsa“ da bevri sxva. aqvs erTi sruliad gamor-

Ceuli warwerac: taxtze wamowolil qals win gawvdil xelSi uWiravs gragnili,

romelzedac ikiTxeba: „aba mnaxeT ra dReSi var kiden da gaumarjos keTil xalxs“.

am warweris gasagebad saWiro iqneboda gvcodnoda suraTis daxatvis garemoeba da

gamosaxuli axalgazrda qalis vinaoba.

21niko firosmanaSvilimocemac firosmans sul martivad SeeZlo, magram umetesad es TviT mocemac firosmans sul martivad SeeZlo, magram umetesad es TviT

suraTebis SemkveTni – mikitnebi, meduqneebi, kintoebi da yara-suraTebis SemkveTni – mikitnebi, meduqneebi, kintoebi da yara-

CoRelebi arian, agreTve, maTi muStrebi imave socialuri fenidan. CoRelebi arian, agreTve, maTi muStrebi imave socialuri fenidan.

yoveli maTganisTvis sufrasTan drostareba, tradiciuli wesri-yoveli maTganisTvis sufrasTan drostareba, tradiciuli wesri-

gis dacviT, tradiciuli kerZebiTa da sasmeliT, cekviT, simRe-gis dacviT, tradiciuli kerZebiTa da sasmeliT, cekviT, simRe-

riT, arRnis, zurnisa da dudukis gulisamaCuyebeli akompanimentiT riT, arRnis, zurnisa da dudukis gulisamaCuyebeli akompanimentiT

– „sulieri“ cxovrebis umTavresi forma iyo; maTTvis igi xe-– „sulieri“ cxovrebis umTavresi forma iyo; maTTvis igi xe-

lovnebis, esTetikis donemde maRldeboda da, amasTan, maTs sakuTar lovnebis, esTetikis donemde maRldeboda da, amasTan, maTs sakuTar

xelobasTan, yoveldRiur saqmianobasTanac iyo dakavSirebuli. maT xelobasTan, yoveldRiur saqmianobasTanac iyo dakavSirebuli. maT

surdaT daxatuliyvnen swored am dros, roca yvelaze srulad da surdaT daxatuliyvnen swored am dros, roca yvelaze srulad da

damaxasiaTeblad vlindeboda maTi adamianuri arsi da sicocxliT damaxasiaTeblad vlindeboda maTi adamianuri arsi da sicocxliT

tkboba. arsebiTad, es jgufuri portretebia da maTi daniSnuleba tkboba. arsebiTad, es jgufuri portretebia da maTi daniSnuleba

ramdenadme mogvagonebs daniSnulebas holandiuri korporaciuli ramdenadme mogvagonebs daniSnulebas holandiuri korporaciuli

portretebisa, romlebic, agreTve, erTi xelobis adamianebs gamox-portretebisa, romlebic, agreTve, erTi xelobis adamianebs gamox-

ataven romelsame sazogadoebriv dawesebulebaSi gamosafenad.ataven romelsame sazogadoebriv dawesebulebaSi gamosafenad.

zog duqanSi firosmanis xelovneba muStrebs SesasvlelSive zog duqanSi firosmanis xelovneba muStrebs SesasvlelSive

xvdeboda, iq, sadac abra ekida, Sig Sesuli kaci ki mTlianad misi xvdeboda, iq, sadac abra ekida, Sig Sesuli kaci ki mTlianad misi

suraTebiT iyo garSemortymuli. zog duqanSi TxuTmetze meti su-suraTebiT iyo garSemortymuli. zog duqanSi TxuTmetze meti su-

raTi hqondaT nikosi. abra marto teqsts ki ar Seicavda, aramed raTi hqondaT nikosi. abra marto teqsts ki ar Seicavda, aramed

gamosaxulebasac: igi erTbaSad qmnida ganwyobilebas da muStrebi gamosaxulebasac: igi erTbaSad qmnida ganwyobilebas da muStrebi

am samyaroSi Sehyavda (abra „am samyaroSi Sehyavda (abra „Винный погреб. Распивочно и на выносВинный погреб. Распивочно и на вынос””: : daxatulia uremi da zed uzarmazari tiki, romelic sididiT daxatulia uremi da zed uzarmazari tiki, romelic sididiT

xarebs sWarbobs; urmebs mihyveba Coxiani mxedari, fafaxiT, xan-xarebs sWarbobs; urmebs mihyveba Coxiani mxedari, fafaxiT, xan-

jliT, xelSi ki yanwiT; abra „jliT, xelSi ki yanwiT; abra „Чай, пиво и лимонад, сельтерская. Раз. Чай, пиво и лимонад, сельтерская. Раз. креп. напитковкреп. напитков”: ”: duqnis msaxuri, romelsac Caidnebi uWiravs; ludis duqnis msaxuri, romelsac Caidnebi uWiravs; ludis kasri da ludiT savse kaTxebi; limonaTisa da selteris wylis bo-kasri da ludiT savse kaTxebi; limonaTisa da selteris wylis bo-

Tlebi; foni Tlebi; foni – limonis msxmoiare xeebi). – limonis msxmoiare xeebi).

sufrasTan msxdomi muStrebi kedlebze imaves xedavdnen, riT-sufrasTan msxdomi muStrebi kedlebze imaves xedavdnen, riT-

ac TviTon iyvnen dakavebulni, xedavdnen sakuTar Tavs an TavianT ac TviTon iyvnen dakavebulni, xedavdnen sakuTar Tavs an TavianT

msgavsT. msgavsT. suraTebis moqmedi pirebi TiTqos monawileoben saerTo suraTebis moqmedi pirebi TiTqos monawileoben saerTo

mikitan WiWinaZis naambobi: niko „dilidanve Camoivlida Rvinis duqnebs, Tu vis

hqonda dasaxati. mec Tu gunebaze viyavi, vetyodi: – aba, damixate mcxeTa, tye,

aragvi, mindori, venaxi. Tu kampaniaSi viyaviT, kampanias davaxatvinebdiT: es goWi,

es qaTami, mwvanili, es frTiani oraguli, xili, Rvino; mearRne Tavisi „xalTa-

bandebiT“. – dardi nu gaqvs genacvale, yvelaferi Sig iqneba, oRond erTi maneTi

momeci, saRebavebi viyido“. meduqne limonas mogoneba: „mTeli bazris sayvareli

iyo. dahxatavda suraTs da duqan-duqan Camoatarebda... suraTSi fuls ar gvarT-

mevda, purmarilSi aqviTebda... xan TiTon Cven vexatvinebodiT. erTxel mec damxata

Cemi amfsonebiT. kvira dRe iyo. quCaSi mimavali nikala SemovabruneT, sufras sa-

novage... mivumate. sami dawinwkluli xelada win davidgiT, gars mwvanili Semovu-

yareT. duqanSi bneloda, amitom niko karebTan idga da karis sinaTleze gvxatavda.

iklikanturi suraTi gamovida“21.

22 vaxtang beriZemolxenaSi samikitnoSi myof muStrebTan erTad.molxenaSi samikitnoSi myof muStrebTan erTad.7suraTebis dan-suraTebis dan-

iSnulebaa interieric daamSvenos da Tvalic gaaxaros, magram, iSnulebaa interieric daamSvenos da Tvalic gaaxaros, magram,

agreTve, kontaqti daamyaros imasTan, rac samikitnoSi xdeba. SemTx-agreTve, kontaqti daamyaros imasTan, rac samikitnoSi xdeba. SemTx-

veviTi ar aris aseTi warwerebi: „gaumarjos kampanias bego. keTili veviTi ar aris aseTi warwerebi: „gaumarjos kampanias bego. keTili

cxovreba RmerTma yvelas gaumravlos“; „gaumarjos pur marilian cxovreba RmerTma yvelas gaumravlos“; „gaumarjos pur marilian

kacsa“; anda saaRdgomo batknebis suraTebze ganmeorebuli teqsti: kacsa“; anda saaRdgomo batknebis suraTebze ganmeorebuli teqsti:

„madloba RmerTs ro daveswariT aRdgomasa qriste aRdga WeSmar-„madloba RmerTs ro daveswariT aRdgomasa qriste aRdga WeSmar-

itaT“. aseve aZlierebs suraTebisa da portretebis zemoqmedebas itaT“. aseve aZlierebs suraTebisa da portretebis zemoqmedebas

ganmartebiTi teqstebi – suraTebis dasaxeleba (ufro swored – ganmartebiTi teqstebi – suraTebis dasaxeleba (ufro swored –

Sinaarsis ganmarteba), daxatulTa gvarebi (warwerebi panoze `nad-Sinaarsis ganmarteba), daxatulTa gvarebi (warwerebi panoze `nad-

iroba Savi zRvis sanapiroze~ suraTis calkeul nawilTa ganmarte-iroba Savi zRvis sanapiroze~ suraTis calkeul nawilTa ganmarte-

basac gvaZlevs, romlebic sxvadasxva siuJets gamoxataven). basac gvaZlevs, romlebic sxvadasxva siuJets gamoxataven).

qeifebis Temas SegviZlia davukavSiroT firosmanis natur-qeifebis Temas SegviZlia davukavSiroT firosmanis natur-

mortebic, radganac aqac gamosaxulia saWmel-sasmeli da maTac mortebic, radganac aqac gamosaxulia saWmel-sasmeli da maTac

pirdapiri kavSiri aqvT duqnebis interierebTan, romelTa dasamS-pirdapiri kavSiri aqvT duqnebis interierebTan, romelTa dasamS-

venebladac iyvnen gankuTvnilni. magram, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, venebladac iyvnen gankuTvnilni. magram, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

firosmanis suraTebi, romlebic samikitnoebs amkobda, TematikiT firosmanis suraTebi, romlebic samikitnoebs amkobda, TematikiT

didad scildeboda sakuTriv qeifis scenebs. gansakuTrebul inter-didad scildeboda sakuTriv qeifis scenebs. gansakuTrebul inter-

ess iwvevs swored is didi kompoziciebi, romlebSic qeifis scenebi ess iwvevs swored is didi kompoziciebi, romlebSic qeifis scenebi

Semadgenel nawilebadaa CarTuli. es suraTebi mowmobs, rom mxat-Semadgenel nawilebadaa CarTuli. es suraTebi mowmobs, rom mxat-

vars surda gamosuliyo erTi da imave, yoveldRe ganmeorebuli Te-vars surda gamosuliyo erTi da imave, yoveldRe ganmeorebuli Te-

mis viwro CarCoebidan da mSobliuri qveynis bunebasac ziareboda mis viwro CarCoebidan da mSobliuri qveynis bunebasac ziareboda

da xalxis cxovrebasac, misTvis ase Zvirfassa da axlobels. Tumca da xalxis cxovrebasac, misTvis ase Zvirfassa da axlobels. Tumca

igi SezRuduli iyo, raki mxolod TavisTvis misawvdomsa da nacnobs igi SezRuduli iyo, raki mxolod TavisTvis misawvdomsa da nacnobs

xatavda, magram amiT mainc cdilobda ganezogadebina, panoramulad xatavda, magram amiT mainc cdilobda ganezogadebina, panoramulad

moecva mTeli Tavisi qveyana, misi mravalferovani cxovrebiT. moecva mTeli Tavisi qveyana, misi mravalferovani cxovrebiT.

erT-erT aseT suraTze „viris xidi“ igi qeifis variantebs gviCvenebs, erT-erT aseT suraTze „viris xidi“ igi qeifis variantebs gviCvenebs,

magram esec Taviseburi ganzogadebaa, TiTqos Rreobis apologiaa: qe-magram esec Taviseburi ganzogadebaa, TiTqos Rreobis apologiaa: qe-

ifoben Ria cis qveS, qeifoben talaverSi, qeifoben navebSic! „kaxeTis ifoben Ria cis qveS, qeifoben talaverSi, qeifoben navebSic! „kaxeTis

eposSi“ (meore saxelia „alaznis veli“) da „bolnisis wminda giorgis eposSi“ (meore saxelia „alaznis veli“) da „bolnisis wminda giorgis

dReobaSi“, romlebic erTi scenaris ori variaciaa, moqeifeTa fig-dReobaSi“, romlebic erTi scenaris ori variaciaa, moqeifeTa fig-

urebi mxolod CarTulia sxva scenebis rigSi, Tumca mainc TvalsaCino urebi mxolod CarTulia sxva scenebis rigSi, Tumca mainc TvalsaCino

adgili uWiravT. orive es suraTi, romlebic firosmanis yvelaze did adgili uWiravT. orive es suraTi, romlebic firosmanis yvelaze did

namuSevarTa ricxvs miekuTvneba, Zalian wagrZelebulia: pirvelis namuSevarTa ricxvs miekuTvneba, Zalian wagrZelebulia: pirvelis

zomaa 91 zomaa 91 x x 539 sm., meorisa – 78 539 sm., meorisa – 78 x x 263 sm. es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom 263 sm. es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom mxatvars miznad hqonda, sinqronulad moeTxro sxvadasxva ambis Ses-mxatvars miznad hqonda, sinqronulad moeTxro sxvadasxva ambis Ses-

axeb (ra Tqma unda, maTi zomebi winaswarve iyo Sefardebuli im oTax-axeb (ra Tqma unda, maTi zomebi winaswarve iyo Sefardebuli im oTax-

ebTan, romlebSic isini unda moeTavsebinaT). ebTan, romlebSic isini unda moeTavsebinaT).

ix. amis Sesaxeb saintereso dakvirvebebi e. kuznecovis wignSi.

23niko firosmanaSviliSeiZleba iTqvas, rom aq firosmani Tavs ar izRudavs da laRad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aq firosmani Tavs ar izRudavs da laRad

„mimoixilavs“ xalxuri cxovrebis sxvadasxvagvar gamovlinebas. „mimoixilavs“ xalxuri cxovrebis sxvadasxvagvar gamovlinebas.

Txroba mwvane gorakebisa da kldeebis fonzea gaSlili. ra ar aris Txroba mwvane gorakebisa da kldeebis fonzea gaSlili. ra ar aris

aq: patara mdinare da xidi, wylis wisqvili, cxvris fara; soflis aq: patara mdinare da xidi, wylis wisqvili, cxvris fara; soflis

patara eklesiasTan – saeklesio dReobaze Camosuli mlocvelebi patara eklesiasTan – saeklesio dReobaze Camosuli mlocvelebi

da Ramis saTevi karvebi; sxvebi eklesiisken miemarTebian moCardax-da Ramis saTevi karvebi; sxvebi eklesiisken miemarTebian moCardax-

uli urmebiT, viRaca etliTac Camosula... „kaxeTis eposSi“ sami uli urmebiT, viRaca etliTac Camosula... „kaxeTis eposSi“ sami

moqeife Tavadi wina planzea, marcxena kuTxeSi. „bolnisis dReoba-moqeife Tavadi wina planzea, marcxena kuTxeSi. „bolnisis dReoba-

Si“ ramdenime, ufro „momcro“, wveulebaa; aravin ar aris gamoto-Si“ ramdenime, ufro „momcro“, wveulebaa; aravin ar aris gamoto-

vebuli – arc wiTelxelsaxociani mocekvave, arc memusikeebi, arc vebuli – arc wiTelxelsaxociani mocekvave, arc memusikeebi, arc

did qvabTan mdgomi mzareuli, arc mewisqvile, arc wisqvilisken did qvabTan mdgomi mzareuli, arc mewisqvile, arc wisqvilisken

mimavali glexebi, arc maTi saxedrebi, zurgze gadakiduli xur-mimavali glexebi, arc maTi saxedrebi, zurgze gadakiduli xur-

jinebiT... da orive suraTSi erTi kuTxe daTmobili aqvs yaCaRebis jinebiT... da orive suraTSi erTi kuTxe daTmobili aqvs yaCaRebis

mier kacis gaZarcvis scenebs... „straJnikebi“ saSvelad mirbian, mier kacis gaZarcvis scenebs... „straJnikebi“ saSvelad mirbian,

xolo SuaSi wina planze mdgomi kaci („bolnisis dReobaSi“) maT xolo SuaSi wina planze mdgomi kaci („bolnisis dReobaSi“) maT

mianiSnebs, sad xdeba Zarcva, rac firosmanisTvis naklebad damaxa-mianiSnebs, sad xdeba Zarcva, rac firosmanisTvis naklebad damaxa-

siaTebeli TxrobiTi detalia. siaTebeli TxrobiTi detalia.

amgvarad, mxatvris amocanaa, warmogvidginos cxovrebis sx-amgvarad, mxatvris amocanaa, warmogvidginos cxovrebis sx-

vadasxva mxare – Sromac, zrunvac yoveldRiuri arsebobisTvis vadasxva mxare – Sromac, zrunvac yoveldRiuri arsebobisTvis

(mwyemsi, wisqvili), tradiciuli xalxuri dResaswaulic, ro-(mwyemsi, wisqvili), tradiciuli xalxuri dResaswaulic, ro-

melic ukve maSin scildeboda sarwmunoebrivi grZnobebis gamoxat-melic ukve maSin scildeboda sarwmunoebrivi grZnobebis gamoxat-

vis farglebs, mxiarulebac, faTerakebic, romelTaganac arcerTi vis farglebs, mxiarulebac, faTerakebic, romelTaganac arcerTi

adamiani araa dazRveuli, naCvenebia qveynis panorama (horizontze adamiani araa dazRveuli, naCvenebia qveynis panorama (horizontze

Cans sofeli, ufro axlo aRmarTulia raRac Zveli nageboba, cixis Cans sofeli, ufro axlo aRmarTulia raRac Zveli nageboba, cixis

Tu koSkis msgavsi). yvelaferi gadmocemulia bunebrivad da or-Tu koSkis msgavsi). yvelaferi gadmocemulia bunebrivad da or-

ganulad, yvelaferi – erTianadac da wvrilmanebic _ gvizidavs ganulad, yvelaferi – erTianadac da wvrilmanebic _ gvizidavs

utyuarobiT, ara marto epizodebis siuJetebisa, aramed yofiTi utyuarobiT, ara marto epizodebis siuJetebisa, aramed yofiTi

detalebisa, realiebisa, brtyelsaxuraviani _ `baniani~ saxlebis detalebisa, realiebisa, brtyelsaxuraviani _ `baniani~ saxlebis

arqiteqturisa. mnaxvelebi xom mxatvars WeSmaritebidan umcires arqiteqturisa. mnaxvelebi xom mxatvars WeSmaritebidan umcires

gadaxvevasac ar apatiebdnen, yovelive es maTTvisac xom iseve nac-gadaxvevasac ar apatiebdnen, yovelive es maTTvisac xom iseve nac-

nobi da axlobeli iyo, rogorc mxatvrisTvis. nobi da axlobeli iyo, rogorc mxatvrisTvis.

„rTvelSi“, romelic, eWvgareSea, erTi yvelaze RirsSesaniS-„rTvelSi“, romelic, eWvgareSea, erTi yvelaze RirsSesaniS-

navTagania mis nawarmoebTa Soris, mxatvari TiTqmis mTlianad gamo-navTagania mis nawarmoebTa Soris, mxatvari TiTqmis mTlianad gamo-

dis qeifis Temidan (moqeifeni aqac arian, magram sadRac siRrmeSi dis qeifis Temidan (moqeifeni aqac arian, magram sadRac siRrmeSi

arian `gandevnilni~ da suraTis rigiT detalad gadaqceulni). arian `gandevnilni~ da suraTis rigiT detalad gadaqceulni).

es rTvelia – misi mSobliuri kaxeTis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani es rTvelia – misi mSobliuri kaxeTis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani

movlena. magram es suraTic Tavisi TemiT uSualod ukavSirdeba movlena. magram es suraTic Tavisi TemiT uSualod ukavSirdeba

samikitnos, Rvinis sardafs, romlisTvisac iyo Sesrulebuli. samikitnos, Rvinis sardafs, romlisTvisac iyo Sesrulebuli.

firosmans iseTi suraTebic aqvs, romlebic maT siuJeturad firosmans iseTi suraTebic aqvs, romlebic maT siuJeturad

24 vaxtang beriZesruliadac ar ukavSirdeba. aseTia, magaliTad, „nadiroba Savi zR-sruliadac ar ukavSirdeba. aseTia, magaliTad, „nadiroba Savi zR-

vis napiras“, sadac araferi ar Seefereba sinamdviles, yvelaferi vis napiras“, sadac araferi ar Seefereba sinamdviles, yvelaferi

gulubryvilobamde TviTneburi da fantastikuria. es SeiZleba aix-gulubryvilobamde TviTneburi da fantastikuria. es SeiZleba aix-

snas an SemkveTis (Rvinis vaWris siTaTiSvilis, rac es sagangebod snas an SemkveTis (Rvinis vaWris siTaTiSvilis, rac es sagangebod

aris aRniSnuli warweraSi), an TviT mxatvris axirebiT: suraTSi aris aRniSnuli warweraSi), an TviT mxatvris axirebiT: suraTSi

naCvenebia uRrani tye, romlis fonze gamarTulia irmebze nadiro-naCvenebia uRrani tye, romlis fonze gamarTulia irmebze nadiro-

ba; klde da zed amayad wamomarTuli jixvi; kidev tye da mis SigniT, ba; klde da zed amayad wamomarTuli jixvi; kidev tye da mis SigniT,

rogorc warwera gangvimartavs, daTvze nadiroba. Zneli gasagebia, rogorc warwera gangvimartavs, daTvze nadiroba. Zneli gasagebia,

vis da ratom moepriana daekavSirebina Sav zRvasTan irmebi, jixvi, vis da ratom moepriana daekavSirebina Sav zRvasTan irmebi, jixvi,

daTvebi, romlebic iq ar gvxvdeba; magram suraTi, rogorc Cans, daTvebi, romlebic iq ar gvxvdeba; magram suraTi, rogorc Cans,

mnaxvelTa interess aRZravda Tavisi uCveulobiT, yoveldRiuri mnaxvelTa interess aRZravda Tavisi uCveulobiT, yoveldRiuri

prozaulobisagan daSorebiT, Taviseburi romantikulobiT. xolo prozaulobisagan daSorebiT, Taviseburi romantikulobiT. xolo

firosmanisTvis romantika rom ucxo ar iyo, amas naTlad mowmobs firosmanisTvis romantika rom ucxo ar iyo, amas naTlad mowmobs

misi Ramis peizaJebi, „yaCaRebi“ da mravalricxovani gamosaxuleba misi Ramis peizaJebi, „yaCaRebi“ da mravalricxovani gamosaxuleba

cxovelebisa, romlebic firosmans gansakuTrebiT uyvarda. maS, riT cxovelebisa, romlebic firosmans gansakuTrebiT uyvarda. maS, riT

SeiZleba avxsnaT mSvenieri „arsenalis gora RamiT“, an suraTebi: SeiZleba avxsnaT mSvenieri „arsenalis gora RamiT“, an suraTebi:

„yaCaRma cxeni moipara“, „yaCaRebi saZarcvavad midian“, an iseTi, „yaCaRma cxeni moipara“, „yaCaRebi saZarcvavad midian“, an iseTi,

sruliad moulodneli ram, rogoric aris „daTvi mTvarian RameSi“, sruliad moulodneli ram, rogoric aris „daTvi mTvarian RameSi“,

sadac mTvaris Suqis efeqti gansacvifrebladaa gadmocemuli... sadac mTvaris Suqis efeqti gansacvifrebladaa gadmocemuli...

Tu ar CavTvliT sxvadasxva suraTSi „CarTul“ cxenebsa da Tu ar CavTvliT sxvadasxva suraTSi „CarTul“ cxenebsa da

xarebs, firosmanis SemorCenil suraTTagan 50-ze meti, e.i. TiTqmis xarebs, firosmanis SemorCenil suraTTagan 50-ze meti, e.i. TiTqmis

meoTxedi, cxovelebisadmia miZRvnili. meoTxedi, cxovelebisadmia miZRvnili.

mas ver CavTvliT animalistad Cveulebrivi gagebiT. firosmani mas ver CavTvliT animalistad Cveulebrivi gagebiT. firosmani

ubralod ki ar xatavda cxovelTa samyaros warmomadgenlebs, ro-ubralod ki ar xatavda cxovelTa samyaros warmomadgenlebs, ro-

gorc paulus poteri an roza boneri xatavdnen TavianT Zroxebsa gorc paulus poteri an roza boneri xatavdnen TavianT Zroxebsa

da xarebs, romlebsac sxva pretenzia, garda imisa, rom xarebi da da xarebs, romlebsac sxva pretenzia, garda imisa, rom xarebi da

Zroxebi yovelivnen, ar hqondaT. firosmanisTvis yoveli cxoveli Zroxebi yovelivnen, ar hqondaT. firosmanisTvis yoveli cxoveli

raRac idumali mniSvnelobis mqonea, isini masTan gaadamianureb-raRac idumali mniSvnelobis mqonea, isini masTan gaadamianureb-

ulni arian, rogorc igav-arakebSi; zogjer maT simboluri azric ulni arian, rogorc igav-arakebSi; zogjer maT simboluri azric

eniWebaT, rogorc adamianis ama Tu im Tvisebis, ama Tu im sawyisis eniWebaT, rogorc adamianis ama Tu im Tvisebis, ama Tu im sawyisis

(keTilis, borotis) ganmasaxierebelT. miyvars cxovelebis xatva, (keTilis, borotis) ganmasaxierebelT. miyvars cxovelebis xatva,

isini Cemi gulis megobrebi ariano, uTqvams mas lado gudiaSvilisT-isini Cemi gulis megobrebi ariano, uTqvams mas lado gudiaSvilisT-

vis. da marTlac, sityvierad Zneli gadmosacemia is ganwyobileba vis. da marTlac, sityvierad Zneli gadmosacemia is ganwyobileba

poeturobisa, „sulierobisa“, guliTadi siTbosi, romelic eqmneba poeturobisa, „sulierobisa“, guliTadi siTbosi, romelic eqmneba

adamians, roca uyurebs firosmanisTvis gansakuTrebiT sayvarel adamians, roca uyurebs firosmanisTvis gansakuTrebiT sayvarel

irmebsa da Svlebs (qarTul folklorSic xom isini gansakuTreb-irmebsa da Svlebs (qarTul folklorSic xom isini gansakuTreb-

uli simpaTiiT sargebloben!); rogor TanaugrZnobs igi ganwirul uli simpaTiiT sargebloben!); rogor TanaugrZnobs igi ganwirul

saaRdgomo batknebs, rogor aris gadmocemuli dedobrivi mzrunv-saaRdgomo batknebs, rogor aris gadmocemuli dedobrivi mzrunv-

eloba goWebis TanxlebiT mimavali uzarmazari TeTri deda Roris eloba goWebis TanxlebiT mimavali uzarmazari TeTri deda Roris

25niko firosmanaSvili„gamometyvelebasa“ da mTel figuraSi, aseve TeTr daTvsa da daT-„gamometyvelebasa“ da mTel figuraSi, aseve TeTr daTvsa da daT-

vis belebSi.vis belebSi.8 ra gorozi ieri aqvT lomebs! ra Tqma unda, Savi taxi ra gorozi ieri aqvT lomebs! ra Tqma unda, Savi taxi

mxatvrisTvis ganasaxierebs ukeTur rasme (feriTac, „xasiaTiTac“), mxatvrisTvis ganasaxierebs ukeTur rasme (feriTac, „xasiaTiTac“),

iseve rogorc arwivi, romelic kurdRels fatravs – es mxolod iseve rogorc arwivi, romelic kurdRels fatravs – es mxolod

„bunebis suraTi“ ki ar aris, aramed bevrad mets niSnavs. damaxasi-„bunebis suraTi“ ki ar aris, aramed bevrad mets niSnavs. damaxasi-

aTebelia STabeWdileba, romelic misma „Jirafma“ moaxdina pirvel aTebelia STabeWdileba, romelic misma „Jirafma“ moaxdina pirvel

kritikosebze: „Tu marTalia vainingeri, – werda erTi maTgani (gari kritikosebze: „Tu marTalia vainingeri, – werda erTi maTgani (gari

golandi) 1916 wels, – rom yoveli cxoveli Tavis TavSi atarebs golandi) 1916 wels, – rom yoveli cxoveli Tavis TavSi atarebs

samyaros romelsame metafizikur gansazRvras, maSin firosmanaS-samyaros romelsame metafizikur gansazRvras, maSin firosmanaS-

vilis JirafSi aseT gansazRvras ueWvelad aRmovaCenT: Jirafis vilis JirafSi aseT gansazRvras ueWvelad aRmovaCenT: Jirafis

Tvalebi gadmocemulia iseTi metyveli ZaliT, rom gaviwydeba, rom Tvalebi gadmocemulia iseTi metyveli ZaliT, rom gaviwydeba, rom

es mxolod cxovelia da Tqven gipyrobT lamis mistikuri SiSi“.es mxolod cxovelia da Tqven gipyrobT lamis mistikuri SiSi“.2222

meore avtori, a. petrakovski (isev 1916 weli) aRniSnavda, pirvelad meore avtori, a. petrakovski (isev 1916 weli) aRniSnavda, pirvelad

rom davinaxe „Jirafi“, „erTbaSad Semipyro ucnaurma SeSfoTebam, rom davinaxe „Jirafi“, „erTbaSad Semipyro ucnaurma SeSfoTebam,

Tu gnebavT – Zrwolamac... es raRac magiaa, jadoqroba...“Tu gnebavT – Zrwolamac... es raRac magiaa, jadoqroba...“2323

avtorebi sagangebod gamohyofdnen agreTve „Svels“, romel-avtorebi sagangebod gamohyofdnen agreTve „Svels“, romel-

mac erT maTgans Tixis nakeToba moagona. samarTliani dakvirvebaa mac erT maTgans Tixis nakeToba moagona. samarTliani dakvirvebaa

– „Sveli“ marTlac exmianeba qarTul xalxur keramikas (kerZod, – „Sveli“ marTlac exmianeba qarTul xalxur keramikas (kerZod,

kaxurs), figurebiani sasmisebiT, romlebic xSirad Svelsac gamox-kaxurs), figurebiani sasmisebiT, romlebic xSirad Svelsac gamox-

atavs. magram firosmanis suraTSi igi ara marto gacocxlebulia, atavs. magram firosmanis suraTSi igi ara marto gacocxlebulia,

aramed daZabulic, TiTqos erTianad TrTis raRac saSiSroebis aramed daZabulic, TiTqos erTianad TrTis raRac saSiSroebis

molodinSi. esec Taviseburi jadoqrobaa. molodinSi. esec Taviseburi jadoqrobaa.

damaxasiaTebelia cxovelTa SerCevac: umetesad es „keTilSo-damaxasiaTebelia cxovelTa SerCevac: umetesad es „keTilSo-

bili“ cxovelebia, magram arian, agreTve, „mSromelebic“ – Zroxa, bili“ cxovelebia, magram arian, agreTve, „mSromelebic“ – Zroxa,

aqlemi, saxedari; daxatuli hyavs melac, romelic misTvis, ueWve-aqlemi, saxedari; daxatuli hyavs melac, romelic misTvis, ueWve-

lia, adamianur mankierebaTa simbolos warmoadgenda.lia, adamianur mankierebaTa simbolos warmoadgenda.9

nikos muStrebi, etyoba, cxovelebisadmi nikos siyvaruls Tu nikos muStrebi, etyoba, cxovelebisadmi nikos siyvaruls Tu

ara, interess mainc iziarebdnen: suraTebis Zveli siebi, Sedgenili ara, interess mainc iziarebdnen: suraTebis Zveli siebi, Sedgenili

maSin, rodesac mis suraTebs samikitnoebsa da sardafebSi eZebdnen, maSin, rodesac mis suraTebs samikitnoebsa da sardafebSi eZebdnen,

mowmobs, rom cxovelebian suraTebs yvelgan didi adgili eWira. mowmobs, rom cxovelebian suraTebs yvelgan didi adgili eWira.

amgvarad, am suraTebis _ qeifebi, naturmortebi, panoramebi da amgvarad, am suraTebis _ qeifebi, naturmortebi, panoramebi da

sakvirvelia firosmanis, an misi muStrebis, sagangebo daintereseba TeTri daT-

vebiT, romlebic TbilisSi, ra Tqma unda, aravis enaxa. firosmans aqvs sxva vari-

antebic – erT-erTSi daTvi gamosaxulia TiTqmis subtropikul peizaJSi, sadac

simindic aris, xexilic da xSiri mcenareulobac. aqvs erTi ucnauri suraTic:

„tunguseTis mdinare emuti` TeTr daTvze nadirobis sceniT.

l. gudiaSvili gadmogvcems firosmanis sityvebs: `... cxovrebaSi yvelafers

ori mxare aqvs: keTili da boroti mxare. ai, TeTri Zroxa aris sinazis, simSvidis,

siyvarulis simbolo... Savi xari _ Cxubobs, Rrialebs _ omia. arwivi didia da

daundobeli, patara, sustsa da ubadruk kurdRels ZiZgnis. arwivi es mefis ar-

wivia, kurdReli ki ... es me da Tqven varT.”24

26 vaxtang beriZescenebi peizaJis fonze, cxovelebi _ moxilvisas aRmoCndeba, rom scenebi peizaJis fonze, cxovelebi _ moxilvisas aRmoCndeba, rom

firosmans, romelmac 45 weli gaatara TbilisSi, Seusisxlxorcda es firosmans, romelmac 45 weli gaatara TbilisSi, Seusisxlxorcda es

garemo da sul Tbiliselebs xatavda. mas arc erTxel ar dauxatavs garemo da sul Tbiliselebs xatavda. mas arc erTxel ar dauxatavs

Tbilisi, misi quCebi, misi xedebi („funikuliori“ ar iTvleba – aq Tbilisi, misi quCebi, misi xedebi („funikuliori“ ar iTvleba – aq

mTaa daxatuli, da ara qalaqi). mas hqonda moTxovnileba exata cocx-mTaa daxatuli, da ara qalaqi). mas hqonda moTxovnileba exata cocx-

ali buneba. saqarTvelo – misi samSoblo – firosmanisTvis qalaqi ki ali buneba. saqarTvelo – misi samSoblo – firosmanisTvis qalaqi ki

ar aris, aramed mTebi, tyeebi da mdinareebi, sofeli, romelTanac mas ar aris, aramed mTebi, tyeebi da mdinareebi, sofeli, romelTanac mas

akavSirebda bavSvobis mogonebebi.akavSirebda bavSvobis mogonebebi.1010 mas aqvs su raTi „kalooba qarTl- mas aqvs su raTi „kalooba qarTl-

Si“, suraTebi, romlebzec glexebi arian asaxulni da isini, romlebic Si“, suraTebi, romlebzec glexebi arian asaxulni da isini, romlebic

mis saukeTeso namuSevrebs unda miekuTvnos.mis saukeTeso namuSevrebs unda miekuTvnos.1111

unda movixsenioT firosmanis nawarmoebTa kidev ori jgufi: unda movixsenioT firosmanis nawarmoebTa kidev ori jgufi:

pirvels Seadgens portretebi da sxvadasxva tipis gamosaxulebani, pirvels Seadgens portretebi da sxvadasxva tipis gamosaxulebani,

isev im wridan adamianebisa, romelTac TviT niko da misi SemkveT-isev im wridan adamianebisa, romelTac TviT niko da misi SemkveT-

ni xvdebodnen cxovrebis gzaze. gadarCenil suraTTa raodenobiT ni xvdebodnen cxovrebis gzaze. gadarCenil suraTTa raodenobiT

nikos nawarmoebTa Soris am jgufs pirveli adgili uWiravs; meore nikos nawarmoebTa Soris am jgufs pirveli adgili uWiravs; meore

jgufi „istoriul Janrs“ miekuTvneba: aq gamosaxulni arian isto-jgufi „istoriul Janrs“ miekuTvneba: aq gamosaxulni arian isto-

riuli pirebi da warsulis scenebi. riuli pirebi da warsulis scenebi.

firosmanis portretebi da „tipebi“ kvlav Cven Tvalwin gaSli-firosmanis portretebi da „tipebi“ kvlav Cven Tvalwin gaSli-

li Tbilisuri bohemis, „dabali fenebis“, magram, agreTve, wvrili li Tbilisuri bohemis, „dabali fenebis“, magram, agreTve, wvrili

burJuaziis warmomadgenelTa mTeli galereaa. qalebi gasarTobi burJuaziis warmomadgenelTa mTeli galereaa. qalebi gasarTobi

dawesebulebebidan: „aqtrisa margaritas“ garda, „qali maraoTi“ dawesebulebebidan: „aqtrisa margaritas“ garda, „qali maraoTi“

da friad vulgaruli „qali ludis kaTxiT“; ori „orTaWaleli da friad vulgaruli „qali ludis kaTxiT“; ori „orTaWaleli

turfa“; Semdeg – muSebi: „muSa soso“, ori sxva muSa – erTs tiki turfa“; Semdeg – muSebi: „muSa soso“, ori sxva muSa – erTs tiki

aqvs zurgze mokidebuli, meores – kasri;aqvs zurgze mokidebuli, meores – kasri;1212 TeTrxalaTiani „mza- TeTrxalaTiani „mza-

reuli“, „dalaqi“ (ar Semonaxula), „bavSviani ZiZa“, „mearRne“, reuli“, „dalaqi“ (ar Semonaxula), „bavSviani ZiZa“, „mearRne“,

„mebaduri“ (varianti „mebaduri kldeSi“ tretiakovis galereaSia „mebaduri“ (varianti „mebaduri kldeSi“ tretiakovis galereaSia

daculi), „SeSis gamyidveli“. daculi), „SeSis gamyidveli“.

ai, friad popularuli „meezovec“ – moRuSuli, gaburZgnuli, ai, friad popularuli „meezovec“ – moRuSuli, gaburZgnuli,

Sav Tvalebs rom abrialebs da mrisxaned rom gviyurebs, aSkarad Tavi Sav Tvalebs rom abrialebs da mrisxaned rom gviyurebs, aSkarad Tavi

moaqvs, rogorc xelisuflebis warmomadgenels (joxic kverTxiviT moaqvs, rogorc xelisuflebis warmomadgenels (joxic kverTxiviT

baTumis xedi sruliad pirobiTia, Tundac, qalaqi Cans mxolod Sors, borcvebze,

romlebic sinamdvileSi arc arsebobs. mTavari yuradReba eTmoba pirvel planze

gamosaxul matarebels, zRvas, karWapebsa da gemebs, romelTa anZebze droSebi fria-

lebs. es “kosmopolituri” peizaJi firosmanis erTaderTi suraTia, romelic Ta-

visi motiviT anri rusos mogvagonebs (ix. misi `senluis kunZulis xedi”).

`biWi da Zroxa”, `bavSvebiani dedakaci wyalze midis”, ”glexi da misi vaJi”,

`glexis qali vaJiT”, `SeZlebuli glexi”, `puris cxoba”, `dReobaze mimavali

glexebi”, `mwyemsi cxvris fariT”, `mamali, dedali da wiwilebi”, `glexis gogo

batiT da WukebiT” da sxv.

`orTaWaleli turfebic” da es ori muSac - Sewyvilebuli, TiTqmis simetri-

uli suraTebia.

27niko firosmanaSviliupyria xelT). fsiqologiuri gaxsnis (aRmoCenis) mxriv, es erTi upyria xelT). fsiqologiuri gaxsnis (aRmoCenis) mxriv, es erTi

yvelaze gamomsaxvelTagania firosmanis „tipebs“ Soris. yvelaze gamomsaxvelTagania firosmanis „tipebs“ Soris.

Semdeg, araCveulebrivad damaxasiaTebeli jgufi: gaberili, Semdeg, araCveulebrivad damaxasiaTebeli jgufi: gaberili,

mrgval pirisaxiani biWi, romelsac ufrosi kintos tipuri `for-mrgval pirisaxiani biWi, romelsac ufrosi kintos tipuri `for-

ma“ acvia, doinjSemoyrili dgas da cdilobs gaibRinZos. am su-ma“ acvia, doinjSemoyrili dgas da cdilobs gaibRinZos. am su-

raTs „mdidari kintos Svils“ uwodeben (misi kostumi Semkulia, _ raTs „mdidari kintos Svils“ uwodeben (misi kostumi Semkulia, _

esaa mTavari _ vercxlis qamari artyia da Zewkviani saaTic aqvs); esaa mTavari _ vercxlis qamari artyia da Zewkviani saaTic aqvs);

„gogo wiTeli sahaero buStiT“ – esec mrgvali, Casuqebuli, myvi-„gogo wiTeli sahaero buStiT“ – esec mrgvali, Casuqebuli, myvi-

rala feris samosSi gamowyobili, ra Tqma unda, is wvrili bur-rala feris samosSi gamowyobili, ra Tqma unda, is wvrili bur-

Juaziidan gamosuli gamdidrebuli ojaxis Svilia, romelsac surs Juaziidan gamosuli gamdidrebuli ojaxis Svilia, romelsac surs

simdidriT ibrwyinos da aCvenos, rom gogona `sazogadoebidanaa~. simdidriT ibrwyinos da aCvenos, rom gogona `sazogadoebidanaa~.

misi cnoba, Tumca ukve wamozrdilisa, magram imave samosiT, Sei-misi cnoba, Tumca ukve wamozrdilisa, magram imave samosiT, Sei-

Zleba firosmanis jgufur portretze `ojaxuri qeifi~. es suraTi Zleba firosmanis jgufur portretze `ojaxuri qeifi~. es suraTi

erTaderTia, romelzec yvela moqmedi piri evropuladaa Semosili erTaderTia, romelzec yvela moqmedi piri evropuladaa Semosili

da svams ara yanwiT, aramed WiqiT. gogonaca da `mdidari kintos da svams ara yanwiT, aramed WiqiT. gogonaca da `mdidari kintos

Svilic~, romelnic ufrosebiviT arian gamowyobilni da amdenad Svilic~, romelnic ufrosebiviT arian gamowyobilni da amdenad

liliputebs mogvagoneben, komikur STabeWdilebas toveben. miuxe-liliputebs mogvagoneben, komikur STabeWdilebas toveben. miuxe-

davad imisa, surda Tu ara es TviTon firosmans, romelsac saerTod davad imisa, surda Tu ara es TviTon firosmans, romelsac saerTod

ar hqonda midrekileba satirisa da mxilebisaken, am SemTxvevaSi ar hqonda midrekileba satirisa da mxilebisaken, am SemTxvevaSi

man, socialuri daxasiaTebis simwvavis TvalsazrisiT Seubralebe-man, socialuri daxasiaTebis simwvavis TvalsazrisiT Seubralebe-

li saxeebi Seqmna. magram damnaSave amaSi maxvili Tvali da firos-li saxeebi Seqmna. magram damnaSave amaSi maxvili Tvali da firos-

manis, rogorc mxatvris, simarTlea.manis, rogorc mxatvris, simarTlea.1313

Semdeg: ramdenime portreti saxeliTa da gvariT cnobili Semdeg: ramdenime portreti saxeliTa da gvariT cnobili

pirebisa (yvela isini mikitnebi da meduqneebi arian, met-naklebad pirebisa (yvela isini mikitnebi da meduqneebi arian, met-naklebad

SeZlebulni). magram es portretebi fotosuraTebidanaa gadaxat-SeZlebulni). magram es portretebi fotosuraTebidanaa gadaxat-

uli, an maTi mibaZviT Seqmnili (garanovis da sxvaTa portretebi). uli, an maTi mibaZviT Seqmnili (garanovis da sxvaTa portretebi).

amave wres „burJuaziuli“ (ufro sworad – „wvrilburJuazi-amave wres „burJuaziuli“ (ufro sworad – „wvrilburJuazi-

uli“) portretebisas da tipebisas SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT ramden-uli“) portretebisas da tipebisas SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT ramden-

ime varianti (xuTi mainc) „qarTveli qalisa TariT an dairiT“, ime varianti (xuTi mainc) „qarTveli qalisa TariT an dairiT“,

romelTac erovnuli samosi acviaT; agreTve, „virze mjdomi eqimi“ romelTac erovnuli samosi acviaT; agreTve, „virze mjdomi eqimi“

da kidev ramdenime sxva; albaT, pirveli msoflio omis droinde-da kidev ramdenime sxva; albaT, pirveli msoflio omis droinde-

lia „daWrili meomari“ da „mowyalebis da“. rac Seexeba ilia zdan-lia „daWrili meomari“ da „mowyalebis da“. rac Seexeba ilia zdan-

eviCis portrets – es, ra Tqma unda, gamonaklisia. arc manamde da eviCis portrets – es, ra Tqma unda, gamonaklisia. arc manamde da

arc Semdeg inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi mas ar dauxatavs. arc Semdeg inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi mas ar dauxatavs.

gancalkevebiT dgas Zalian cnobili nawarmoebi „uSvilo mil-gancalkevebiT dgas Zalian cnobili nawarmoebi „uSvilo mil-

ioneri da Sviliani Raribi qali“ (warwera: ioneri da Sviliani Raribi qali“ (warwera: “Милионерь бездетный; “Милионерь бездетный; Бедная с детами”Бедная с детами”), romelic mxolod pirobiT SegviZlia davuka-), romelic mxolod pirobiT SegviZlia davuka- SesaZlebelia imave suraTidan aris gadmosuli `qali qolgiTa da zambaxiT” -

respeqtabeluri qalbatoni, romelsac uzarmazaro moduri qudi xuravs. yovel

SemTxvevaSi, esec `saojaxo kampaniis” wres ekuTvnis.

28 vaxtang beriZevSiroT ganxiluli suraTebis rigs. igi mis sxva namuSevarTagan vSiroT ganxiluli suraTebis rigs. igi mis sxva namuSevarTagan

socialuri dapirispirebis `pirdapiri~ asaxviT gansxvavdeba (ax-socialuri dapirispirebis `pirdapiri~ asaxviT gansxvavdeba (ax-

laxan aRvniSneT, rom firosmani arasodes ar amxelda, brals ar laxan aRvniSneT, rom firosmani arasodes ar amxelda, brals ar

sdebda; poetma konstantine simonovma samarTlianad aRniSna, rom sdebda; poetma konstantine simonovma samarTlianad aRniSna, rom

„miuxedavad jojoxeTurad Zneli cxovrebisa, is ar gasastikebu-„miuxedavad jojoxeTurad Zneli cxovrebisa, is ar gasastikebu-

la da Tavisi bunebiTi sikeTe ar daukargavs“), magram aq aSkarad la da Tavisi bunebiTi sikeTe ar daukargavs“), magram aq aSkarad

igrZnoba sxvagvari dapirispirebac – wminda adamianuri, fsiqolo-igrZnoba sxvagvari dapirispirebac – wminda adamianuri, fsiqolo-

giuri; TiTqos dasmulia kiTxva: maT Soris mainc romelia ufro giuri; TiTqos dasmulia kiTxva: maT Soris mainc romelia ufro

bednieri. bednieri.

dasasrul, „istoriuli“ Tema, romelsac mivakuTvnebT liter-dasasrul, „istoriuli“ Tema, romelsac mivakuTvnebT liter-

aturul siuJetebsac (ilustraciebs, mweralTa portretebs); misi aturul siuJetebsac (ilustraciebs, mweralTa portretebs); misi

arseboba savsebiT kanonzomieria. gavixsenoT, ra adgili uWiravs (da arseboba savsebiT kanonzomieria. gavixsenoT, ra adgili uWiravs (da

eWira maSinac) mwerlobas Cveni xalxis cxovrebaSi, rogori popu-eWira maSinac) mwerlobas Cveni xalxis cxovrebaSi, rogori popu-

larobiTa da siyvaruliT sargebloben mwerlebi (XIX saukunis poet-larobiTa da siyvaruliT sargebloben mwerlebi (XIX saukunis poet-

ebis bevri nawarmoebi, rusTavelsa da guramiSvilze rom aRaraferi ebis bevri nawarmoebi, rusTavelsa da guramiSvilze rom aRaraferi

vTqvaT, zepirad icodnen glexebmac da xelosnebmac), da rogori vTqvaT, zepirad icodnen glexebmac da xelosnebmac), da rogori

damokidebuleba aqvT qarTvelebs TavianTi samSoblos warsulTan damokidebuleba aqvT qarTvelebs TavianTi samSoblos warsulTan

da rogori SaravandiT arian mosilni erovnuli istoriis gmirebi. da rogori SaravandiT arian mosilni erovnuli istoriis gmirebi.

firosmani maT Soris yvelaze popularulebs irCevs – Tamar mefes, firosmani maT Soris yvelaze popularulebs irCevs – Tamar mefes,

giorgi saakaZes, „patara kaxs“ – e.i. swored imaT, vis saxelebTanac giorgi saakaZes, „patara kaxs“ – e.i. swored imaT, vis saxelebTanac

aris dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos warsuli dideba, an erovnuli da-aris dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos warsuli dideba, an erovnuli da-

moukideblobisaTvis brZola. maTTanaa gaTanabrebuli rusTaveli, moukideblobisaTvis brZola. maTTanaa gaTanabrebuli rusTaveli,

romelmac Tavisi poema Tamars uZRvna. firosmanma amis Sesaxeb icoda romelmac Tavisi poema Tamars uZRvna. firosmanma amis Sesaxeb icoda

da misTvis, iseve rogorc xalxisTvis, es ori saxeli ganuyofeli da misTvis, iseve rogorc xalxisTvis, es ori saxeli ganuyofeli

iyo. mwerlobisa da istoriis moyvaruli mxatvari orives Tayvans iyo. mwerlobisa da istoriis moyvaruli mxatvari orives Tayvans

scemda (amas adasturebdnen misi axloblebi da isini, visac masTan scemda (amas adasturebdnen misi axloblebi da isini, visac masTan

saubari hqonia) da xSirad ubrundeboda maTs gamosaxvas. meduqnee-saubari hqonia) da xSirad ubrundeboda maTs gamosaxvas. meduqnee-

bisTvis ki istoriis gmirebisa da samSoblos warsulis gmiruli am-bisTvis ki istoriis gmirebisa da samSoblos warsulis gmiruli am-

bebis amsaxveli suraTebis qona pativisa da prestiJis sakiTxi iyo. bebis amsaxveli suraTebis qona pativisa da prestiJis sakiTxi iyo.

yvelaze ufro cnobilia firosmanis mier daxatuli ori scena vale-yvelaze ufro cnobilia firosmanis mier daxatuli ori scena vale-

rian gunias piesidan „da-Zma“, agreTve, mravalfiguriani kompozicia rian gunias piesidan „da-Zma“, agreTve, mravalfiguriani kompozicia

„giorgi saakaZe mtrebisagan ixsnis saqarTvelos“. sxva sakiTxia, ro-„giorgi saakaZe mtrebisagan ixsnis saqarTvelos“. sxva sakiTxia, ro-

goria am „istoriuli“ portretebisa da kompoziciebis mxatvruli goria am „istoriuli“ portretebisa da kompoziciebis mxatvruli

done, SeiZleba Tu ara maTi dayeneba mxatvris sxva nawarmoebTa gver-done, SeiZleba Tu ara maTi dayeneba mxatvris sxva nawarmoebTa gver-

diT. pasuxi uaryofiTi iqneba – es suraTebi bevrad ufro sustia. diT. pasuxi uaryofiTi iqneba – es suraTebi bevrad ufro sustia.

„da–Zmis“ melodramatuli scenebi fotosuraTebis mixedviT aris „da–Zmis“ melodramatuli scenebi fotosuraTebis mixedviT aris

Sesrulebuli, firosmanma mxolod tansacmeli da saxeebi Secvala; Sesrulebuli, firosmanma mxolod tansacmeli da saxeebi Secvala;

„saakaZesac“ fotografia udevs safuZvlad – es aris scena daviT „saakaZesac“ fotografia udevs safuZvlad – es aris scena daviT

erisTavis „samSoblodan“ (romelic dawerilia viqtorien sardus erisTavis „samSoblodan“ (romelic dawerilia viqtorien sardus

29niko firosmanaSvili„flandriis“ qargaze), iqidan aris aRebuli kompoziciis birTvi – „flandriis“ qargaze), iqidan aris aRebuli kompoziciis birTvi –

ficis dadeba droSis winaSe; nasesxebia calkeuli figurebic; es kia, ficis dadeba droSis winaSe; nasesxebia calkeuli figurebic; es kia,

rom firosmanma daumata sxva figurebi, peizaJi da rom firosmanma daumata sxva figurebi, peizaJi da jari.jari.1414 erekle II erekle II

gadaxatulia gavrcelebuli portretidan (cxadia, ara originali-gadaxatulia gavrcelebuli portretidan (cxadia, ara originali-

dan, aramed agreTve fotografiidan). rusTavelisa da Tamar mefis dan, aramed agreTve fotografiidan). rusTavelisa da Tamar mefis

xatvisas firosmani, ra Tqma unda, angariSs uwevda cnobil ikono-xatvisas firosmani, ra Tqma unda, angariSs uwevda cnobil ikono-

grafiul prototipebs. es yvelaferi aSkarad boWavda mas. igi xat-grafiul prototipebs. es yvelaferi aSkarad boWavda mas. igi xat-

avda cocxali nimuSebis, sakuTar cxovrebiseul STabeWdilebaTa avda cocxali nimuSebis, sakuTar cxovrebiseul STabeWdilebaTa

gareSe; amitomaa, rom mis istoriul personaJebs „xasiaTi“, Sinagani gareSe; amitomaa, rom mis istoriul personaJebs „xasiaTi“, Sinagani

cxovreba ar gaaCniaT, e.i. ar gaaCniaT swored is, rac firosmanis cxovreba ar gaaCniaT, e.i. ar gaaCniaT swored is, rac firosmanis

gmirebs axasiaTebs. am suraTebSi koloritic nakleb sainteresoa, gmirebs axasiaTebs. am suraTebSi koloritic nakleb sainteresoa,

zogjer mas gemovnebac ki Ralatobs. roca calke daxata giorgi zogjer mas gemovnebac ki Ralatobs. roca calke daxata giorgi

saakaZe, romlis erTaderT Zvel portrets is, aSkarad, ar icnobda, saakaZe, romlis erTaderT Zvel portrets is, aSkarad, ar icnobda,

firosmani ufro Tavisuflad grZnobda Tavs; man moisurva meti dama-firosmani ufro Tavisuflad grZnobda Tavs; man moisurva meti dama-

jerebloba mieniWebina portretisaTvis da saakaZes iseve Caacva, ro-jerebloba mieniWebina portretisaTvis da saakaZes iseve Caacva, ro-

gorc saqarTvelos zRvispira provinciis, guriis mkvidrni icvamd-gorc saqarTvelos zRvispira provinciis, guriis mkvidrni icvamd-

nen, Tumca, rogorc cnobilia, antisparsuli, ganmaTavisuflebeli nen, Tumca, rogorc cnobilia, antisparsuli, ganmaTavisuflebeli

brZolebis gmirs guriasTan saerTo araferi hqonda. brZolebis gmirs guriasTan saerTo araferi hqonda.

bevrad ufro cocxalia „uaxlesi istoriisadmi“ miZRvnili su-bevrad ufro cocxalia „uaxlesi istoriisadmi“ miZRvnili su-

raTebi, anu im periodisadmi, romelic firosmanis dros jer kidev raTebi, anu im periodisadmi, romelic firosmanis dros jer kidev

axsovdaT: es aris ori scena, dakavSirebuli ruseTis mier daRestnis axsovdaT: es aris ori scena, dakavSirebuli ruseTis mier daRestnis

aRebasTan („SeTe gzas uCvenebs Tavad bariatinskis Samilis dasaW-aRebasTan („SeTe gzas uCvenebs Tavad bariatinskis Samilis dasaW-

erad“. „Samili da misi mcveli“), gansakuTrebiT ki „glexTa gaTavi-erad“. „Samili da misi mcveli“), gansakuTrebiT ki „glexTa gaTavi-

sufleba“ – erT-erTi saukeTeso firosmanis nawarmoebTagan.sufleba“ – erT-erTi saukeTeso firosmanis nawarmoebTagan.1515

es aris, ZiriTadad, is, rac firosmanis Tematikaze SeiZleba iTq-es aris, ZiriTadad, is, rac firosmanis Tematikaze SeiZleba iTq-

vas, Tumca, Cven, ra Tqma unda, yvela nawarmoebi ar mogvixsenebia vas, Tumca, Cven, ra Tqma unda, yvela nawarmoebi ar mogvixsenebia

`samSoblo” pirvelad daidga 1881 wels, `da-Zma” 1892 wlis ianvarSi da mas Sem-

deg qarTuli Teatris repertuarSi rCeboda reviluciis wlebamde.

Tavis erT-erT gviandel did suraTs, Cven mier zemoT ukve gakvriT moxsenie-

buls, firosmanma uwoda `uwindeli saqarTvelos qorwili” - es is suraTia,

romelic qarTvel mxatvarTa sazogadoebas miuZRvna (mas zogjer SecdomiT uwode-

ben `qorwils kaxeTSi”. namdvili saxelwodeba zed suraTzevea aRniSnuli); magram

mas istoriul Janrs ver mivakuTvnebT: nefe-dedoflis Sexvedris rituali - maTi

msvleloba mayrionis TanxlebiT, Tofidan srola da sxva - firosmanis drosac

arsebobda; es aris cocxali suraTi qarTuli soflis cxovrebidan.

arsebobs cnoba, rom firosmans Seusrelebia `vefxistyaosnis” ilustraciebi

- TiTqos es kedlis mxatvroba iyo, magram ar Semonaxula. rogoric ar unda yo-

filiyo misi Rirseba, Tu is marTlac arsebobda, es sagangebod aRsaniSnavi RirsS-

esaniSnavi faqtia. rogorc cnobilia, poemis gamocemis pirveli ilustraciebi,

Sesrulebuli qarTveli mxatvrebis mier, Cveni saukunis 30-ian wlebs miekuTvneba.

manamde arsebobda mxolod ungreli ziCis ilustraciebi (XIX saukunis 80-iani

wlebisa), ufro adre ki XVII saukunis xelnawerTa miniaturebi.

30 vaxtang beriZe– danarCenebic dasaxelebul jgufebs miekuTvneba. SeiZleba davu-– danarCenebic dasaxelebul jgufebs miekuTvneba. SeiZleba davu-

matoT, rom verc erTi misi Tanamedrove qarTveli mxatvari ver matoT, rom verc erTi misi Tanamedrove qarTveli mxatvari ver

Seedreba firosmans Tematikis mravalferovnebiT. Seedreba firosmans Tematikis mravalferovnebiT.

da mainc, suraTisa da daxasiaTebis sisrulisTvis unda aRvniS-da mainc, suraTisa da daxasiaTebis sisrulisTvis unda aRvniS-

noT ara marto is, rasac firosmani xatavda, aramed isic, ris dax-noT ara marto is, rasac firosmani xatavda, aramed isic, ris dax-

atvis survilic arasodes gasCenia, Tumca es Temebi misTvis Zalian atvis survilic arasodes gasCenia, Tumca es Temebi misTvis Zalian

kargad iyo cnobili da lamis yoveldRe xedavda. gana sakvirveli ar kargad iyo cnobili da lamis yoveldRe xedavda. gana sakvirveli ar

aris, rom firosmani interess iCenda TeTr daTvze nadirobisadmi, aris, rom firosmani interess iCenda TeTr daTvze nadirobisadmi,

xatavda egzotikur Jirafsa da lomebs, romlebic arasodes enaxa da xatavda egzotikur Jirafsa da lomebs, romlebic arasodes enaxa da

sruliad gulgrili darCa Zveli Tbilisis cxovrebis iseTi kolo-sruliad gulgrili darCa Zveli Tbilisis cxovrebis iseTi kolo-

rituli, swored specifikurad Tbilisuri dResaswaulebisadmi da rituli, swored specifikurad Tbilisuri dResaswaulebisadmi da

karnavalebisadmi, rogoric iyo berikaoba, yeenoba, muStikrivi, yo-karnavalebisadmi, rogoric iyo berikaoba, yeenoba, muStikrivi, yo-

Cebis Widili? (gavixsenoT sxva Tbiliseli mxatvrebi – SamSinovi, Cebis Widili? (gavixsenoT sxva Tbiliseli mxatvrebi – SamSinovi,

xojabegovi). esec misi mxatvruli interesebis simyaresa da mkacri xojabegovi). esec misi mxatvruli interesebis simyaresa da mkacri

TviTSemozRudvis unarze mowmobs: efeqturma, aSkarad „momgebian-TviTSemozRudvis unarze mowmobs: efeqturma, aSkarad „momgebian-

ma“ Temebma igi ver moxibles. es ukavSirdeba misi, rogorc mxat-ma“ Temebma igi ver moxibles. es ukavSirdeba misi, rogorc mxat-

vris, zog sxva Tvisebasac, romelTac qvemoT SevexebiT (axlaxan vris, zog sxva Tvisebasac, romelTac qvemoT SevexebiT (axlaxan

xom isic aRvniSneT, rom mas arc qalaqis – TviT Tbilisisac ki! xom isic aRvniSneT, rom mas arc qalaqis – TviT Tbilisisac ki!

– xatva ar ainteresebda). arasodes dauxatavs Tbilisuri bazari, – xatva ar ainteresebda). arasodes dauxatavs Tbilisuri bazari,

romelic ucxoTa TvalSi qalaqis lamis yvelaze didi RirsSesan-romelic ucxoTa TvalSi qalaqis lamis yvelaze didi RirsSesan-

iSnaoba iyo, da imave dros, xatavda soflis taZarTa dResaswau-iSnaoba iyo, da imave dros, xatavda soflis taZarTa dResaswau-

lebs _ dReobebs; arasodes dauxatavs qalaquri Sromis procesi, lebs _ dReobebs; arasodes dauxatavs qalaquri Sromis procesi,

da imave dros xatavda rTvelsa da kaloobas, albaT imitom, rom da imave dros xatavda rTvelsa da kaloobas, albaT imitom, rom

iq, ara mxolod Sroma, aramed dResaswauli, romantikulobac iyo. iq, ara mxolod Sroma, aramed dResaswauli, romantikulobac iyo.

II. firosmanis suraTisTvis erTi Sexedvac sakmarisia, rom mix-II. firosmanis suraTisTvis erTi Sexedvac sakmarisia, rom mix-

vde – avtors profesiuli akademiuri ganaTleba ar gaaCnia, TviT-vde – avtors profesiuli akademiuri ganaTleba ar gaaCnia, TviT-

naswavlia. figurebi garindebulia, mouqneli, anatomiurad aras-naswavlia. figurebi garindebulia, mouqneli, anatomiurad aras-

wori; xelebi TiTqos xisaa, figurebisa da sagnebis masStaburi wori; xelebi TiTqos xisaa, figurebisa da sagnebis masStaburi

Tanafardoba sivrceSi TviTneburia da ar eqvemdebareba „wesebs“, Tanafardoba sivrceSi TviTneburia da ar eqvemdebareba „wesebs“,

perspeqtivis kanonebic xSirad irRveva. perspeqtivis kanonebic xSirad irRveva.

es yvelaferi marTlac asea, magram dakvirvebisas aRmovaCenT, es yvelaferi marTlac asea, magram dakvirvebisas aRmovaCenT,

rom mxatvris es „dauxelovnebloba“, „primitiuloba“ mis nawar-rom mxatvris es „dauxelovnebloba“, „primitiuloba“ mis nawar-

moebTa mxatvruli wyobis organulad aucilebel Tvisebad gadai-moebTa mxatvruli wyobis organulad aucilebel Tvisebad gadai-

qceva, rom es Tvisebebi araTu arafers arRvevs firosmanis stil-qceva, rom es Tvisebebi araTu arafers arRvevs firosmanis stil-

istikaSi, aramed erTaderTi SesaZlebeli niSnebia. istikaSi, aramed erTaderTi SesaZlebeli niSnebia.

niko xatavda qeifs, lxins, saeklesio dReobebs. mis suraTebSi adami-niko xatavda qeifs, lxins, saeklesio dReobebs. mis suraTebSi adami-

anebi „dros atareben“, cekvaven, sadRegrZeloebs warmoTqvamen, mRerian anebi „dros atareben“, cekvaven, sadRegrZeloebs warmoTqvamen, mRerian

kidec. da mainc, Znelia daveTanxmoT kritikos tugenxolds, TiTqos kidec. da mainc, Znelia daveTanxmoT kritikos tugenxolds, TiTqos

31niko firosmanaSvilifirosmans, romelmac „icoda lxinis fasi“, „kintoebis xalisiani, ar-firosmans, romelmac „icoda lxinis fasi“, „kintoebis xalisiani, ar-

tistuli buneba hqonda~tistuli buneba hqonda~2525. firosmani gamxiarulebul adamianebs ki . firosmani gamxiarulebul adamianebs ki

xatavda, magram TviTon sruliadac ar iyo „mxiaruli“ mxa tvari. rac xatavda, magram TviTon sruliadac ar iyo „mxiaruli“ mxa tvari. rac

mis SemoqmedebaSi saerTod ar gvxvdeba _ es aris xma u riani da zizil-mis SemoqmedebaSi saerTod ar gvxvdeba _ es aris xma u riani da zizil-

pipilebiani xalisiani kinto. piriqiT, pirvelive ST abeWdilebiT, is pipilebiani xalisiani kinto. piriqiT, pirvelive ST abeWdilebiT, is

TavdaWerili, dinji, introspeqciuli, Sinaganad mni Svnelovani mxat-TavdaWerili, dinji, introspeqciuli, Sinaganad mni Svnelovani mxat-

varia. marTalia igive tugenxoldi, roca ambobs, rom firosmani Tavis varia. marTalia igive tugenxoldi, roca ambobs, rom firosmani Tavis

gmirebs zeimurobisa da seriozulobis gancdiT xatavda. gmirebs zeimurobisa da seriozulobis gancdiT xatavda.

TviTnaswavl mxatvarTa umetesobas itacebs gamosaxulis gad-TviTnaswavl mxatvarTa umetesobas itacebs gamosaxulis gad-

mocema „naturalurad“, yvela wvrilmanis aRnusxviT, isini xedaven mocema „naturalurad“, yvela wvrilmanis aRnusxviT, isini xedaven

kerZos da ar ZaluZT mTelis danaxva. maTgan gansxvavebiT firosmans kerZos da ar ZaluZT mTelis danaxva. maTgan gansxvavebiT firosmans

ar itacebs TxrobiTi detalebi, Tu es aucilebeli ar aris suraTis ar itacebs TxrobiTi detalebi, Tu es aucilebeli ar aris suraTis

Sinaarsis gasagebad, an daxatulis dasaxasiaTeblad. is yovelTvis Sinaarsis gasagebad, an daxatulis dasaxasiaTeblad. is yovelTvis

poulobda gamosaxul obieqtSi arsebiTs, ZiriTads, hqonda unari poulobda gamosaxul obieqtSi arsebiTs, ZiriTads, hqonda unari

ganzogadebisa; win wamoswevda yvelaze metad damaxasiaTebels da ganzogadebisa; win wamoswevda yvelaze metad damaxasiaTebels da

ugulebelyofda yvelafers, rac zedmetad miaCnda Tavisi qmnilebis ugulebelyofda yvelafers, rac zedmetad miaCnda Tavisi qmnilebis

Canafiqris amosaxsnelad; mas SeeZlo formulamde SeekumSa suraTi. Canafiqris amosaxsnelad; mas SeeZlo formulamde SeekumSa suraTi.

isev igive unari TviTSezRudvisa – erTi yvelaze sakvirvel Tvise-isev igive unari TviTSezRudvisa – erTi yvelaze sakvirvel Tvise-

baTagani am kacisa, romelsac ara marto specialuri ganaTleba ar baTagani am kacisa, romelsac ara marto specialuri ganaTleba ar

miuRia, aramed mxatvruli kulturis sferos gareSec iyo aRzrdili. miuRia, aramed mxatvruli kulturis sferos gareSec iyo aRzrdili.

igi yvelafers warmogvidgens dauwvrilmaneblad, lakoniurad, igi yvelafers warmogvidgens dauwvrilmaneblad, lakoniurad,

ubralod (ara gaubraloebulad!), koncentrirebulad. ar unda gagvik-ubralod (ara gaubraloebulad!), koncentrirebulad. ar unda gagvik-

virdes, rom mis SemoqmedebasTan gacnobisas bevrs agondeba didi ital-virdes, rom mis SemoqmedebasTan gacnobisas bevrs agondeba didi ital-

ieli joto; aRniSnavdnen: ufro adre rom dabadebuliyo, „freskisti ieli joto; aRniSnavdnen: ufro adre rom dabadebuliyo, „freskisti

iqnebodao“iqnebodao“2626. yvela eTanxmeboda erTmaneTs imaSi, da savsebiT samar-. yvela eTanxmeboda erTmaneTs imaSi, da savsebiT samar-

Tlianadac, rom misi namuSevrebi monumenturobiT gamoirCeva, rom am Tlianadac, rom misi namuSevrebi monumenturobiT gamoirCeva, rom am

mxriv man damoukideblad miaRwia imas, riskenac miiswrafoda, zogjer mxriv man damoukideblad miaRwia imas, riskenac miiswrafoda, zogjer

amaodac, XX saukunis dasawyisis bevri mxatvari. amasTan dakavSirebiT amaodac, XX saukunis dasawyisis bevri mxatvari. amasTan dakavSirebiT

e. kuznecovi sworad, samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom firosmanis „dro e. kuznecovi sworad, samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom firosmanis „dro

usasruloa da didebulia am usasrulobaSi... mis „qeifebs“ ara aqvT usasruloa da didebulia am usasrulobaSi... mis „qeifebs“ ara aqvT

arc dasawyisi da arc dasasruli, isini maradiulni arian; misi gmirebi arc dasawyisi da arc dasasruli, isini maradiulni arian; misi gmirebi

amovardnilni arian drois realuri msvlelobidan. isini ki ar cxov-amovardnilni arian drois realuri msvlelobidan. isini ki ar cxov-

roben, ki ar moqmedeben, aramed arseboben, usasruloni da ucvlelni... roben, ki ar moqmedeben, aramed arseboben, usasruloni da ucvlelni...

„eposebSi“ garegnuli dinamika neitralizebulia mTelis uZravi usas-„eposebSi“ garegnuli dinamika neitralizebulia mTelis uZravi usas-

rulobiT. yovelive, rac xdeba – ukve iyo da araerTxel, usasrulod rulobiT. yovelive, rac xdeba – ukve iyo da araerTxel, usasrulod

meordeba. es moCvenebiTi moZraobaa, moZraobameordeba. es moCvenebiTi moZraobaa, moZraoba wriulad“wriulad“2727. swored ami-. swored ami-

tom, rodesac firosmanis suraTebs vuyurebT, ara marto panoramebs, tom, rodesac firosmanis suraTebs vuyurebT, ara marto panoramebs,

romlebic sxvadasxva siuJets pirobiTad aerTianebs, aramed imaTac, romlebic sxvadasxva siuJets pirobiTad aerTianebs, aramed imaTac,

romlebic sruliad Cveulebrivi adamianebis Cveulebriv, „rigiT“ romlebic sruliad Cveulebrivi adamianebis Cveulebriv, „rigiT“

32 vaxtang beriZeqeifs gvixatavs, – ar gveqmneba STabeWdileba, rom Cvens winaSe Jan-qeifs gvixatavs, – ar gveqmneba STabeWdileba, rom Cvens winaSe Jan-

ruli scenaa, erTi warmaval epizodTagani moqmed pirTa cxovrebisa: ruli scenaa, erTi warmaval epizodTagani moqmed pirTa cxovrebisa:

es TiTqos ganzogadebuli mxatvruli saxea am Temisa. firosmans cota es TiTqos ganzogadebuli mxatvruli saxea am Temisa. firosmans cota

aqvs TxrobiTi suraTi, romelTa Sinaarsi mxolod imiT iyos Semofar-aqvs TxrobiTi suraTi, romelTa Sinaarsi mxolod imiT iyos Semofar-

gluli, rac am wuTs xdeba – es namuSevrebi erTgvarad „amovardnilic“ gluli, rac am wuTs xdeba – es namuSevrebi erTgvarad „amovardnilic“

aris misi Semoqmedebis saerTo suraTidan.aris misi Semoqmedebis saerTo suraTidan.1616

Tanamedrove mxatvarTa umetesobisagan gansxvavebiT, firosmani Tanamedrove mxatvarTa umetesobisagan gansxvavebiT, firosmani

Tavis suraTebs bazrisTvis (gasayidad) ar qmnida. man TiTqmis yov-Tavis suraTebs bazrisTvis (gasayidad) ar qmnida. man TiTqmis yov-

elTvis icoda, sad iqneboda moTavsebuli misi suraTi, rogori iqne-elTvis icoda, sad iqneboda moTavsebuli misi suraTi, rogori iqne-

boda pirobebi maTi TvaliT aRsaqmelad (imas, rom isini garkveuli boda pirobebi maTi TvaliT aRsaqmelad (imas, rom isini garkveuli

adgilisTvis iyvnen gankuTvnilni, mowmobs Sewyvilebuli suraTebi, adgilisTvis iyvnen gankuTvnilni, mowmobs Sewyvilebuli suraTebi,

magaliTad, „orTaWalis turfebi“ da sxv.). zemoT aRvniSneT, rom es magaliTad, „orTaWalis turfebi“ da sxv.). zemoT aRvniSneT, rom es

suraTebi gansazRvruli anturaJis ansamblSi iyo CarTuli, viTarca suraTebi gansazRvruli anturaJis ansamblSi iyo CarTuli, viTarca

duqanSi mimdinare moqmedebis aqtiuri „Tanamonawileni“. magram in-duqanSi mimdinare moqmedebis aqtiuri „Tanamonawileni“. magram in-

terierTan kavSiri ara marto suraTis Sinaarsis wyalobiT myardebo-terierTan kavSiri ara marto suraTis Sinaarsis wyalobiT myardebo-

da, aramed maTi formalur-esTetikuri niSnebis mixedviTac, swored da, aramed maTi formalur-esTetikuri niSnebis mixedviTac, swored

maTi monumenturobis gamo, rac Seesatyviseboda maTs daniSnulebas– maTi monumenturobis gamo, rac Seesatyviseboda maTs daniSnulebas–

SeemkoT sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis mqone saTavsi. „SeiZleba eWvi ar SeemkoT sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis mqone saTavsi. „SeiZleba eWvi ar

Segveparos, – me kvlav vimowmeb e.kuznecovis savsebiT samarTlian da-Segveparos, – me kvlav vimowmeb e.kuznecovis savsebiT samarTlian da-

kvirvebas, – rom naxevrad Cabnelebul, dabalWerian, sagrZnoblad Ca-kvirvebas, – rom naxevrad Cabnelebul, dabalWerian, sagrZnoblad Ca-

ketil (umetesad sardafi) sadgomebSi, navTis lampebis, an sanTlebis ketil (umetesad sardafi) sadgomebSi, navTis lampebis, an sanTlebis

mkrTal, mocimcime Suqze, romelic speqtris wiTel kidesTan Zlier mkrTal, mocimcime Suqze, romelic speqtris wiTel kidesTan Zlier

iyo Sereuli, firosmanaSvilis suraTebi sul sxvagvarad aRiqmeboda iyo Sereuli, firosmanaSvilis suraTebi sul sxvagvarad aRiqmeboda

(da bevrad ufro „maxvilad“), vidre Tanamedrove muzeumebis Cveul da (da bevrad ufro „maxvilad“), vidre Tanamedrove muzeumebis Cveul da

TiTqos ufro xelisSemwyob pirobebSi. es niSandoblivia, imitom, rom TiTqos ufro xelisSemwyob pirobebSi. es niSandoblivia, imitom, rom

mxolod dazgur suraTs esaWiroeba „idealuri“ pirobebi, monumen-mxolod dazgur suraTs esaWiroeba „idealuri“ pirobebi, monumen-

turs swored is, romelTaTvisac konkretulad Seiqmna igi“turs swored is, romelTaTvisac konkretulad Seiqmna igi“2828..

rogor agebs Tavis suraTebs firosmani? rogor agebs Tavis suraTebs firosmani?

uwinares yovlisa, mas aqvs suraTebi yovelgvari sivrcis ga-uwinares yovlisa, mas aqvs suraTebi yovelgvari sivrcis ga-

reSe, sadac moqmedi pirni sasuraTo sibrtyesTan arian miWeWyil-reSe, sadac moqmedi pirni sasuraTo sibrtyesTan arian miWeWyil-

ni, rogorc bareliefze, ukan ki, iqve, CamoSvebulia „farda“ – es ni, rogorc bareliefze, ukan ki, iqve, CamoSvebulia „farda“ – es

xan xeluxlebeli Savi muSambaa, xan msubuqad Seferadebuli foni; xan xeluxlebeli Savi muSambaa, xan msubuqad Seferadebuli foni;

zogjer suraTis qvemo nawilSi, CarCosTan, odnav miniSnebulia mo-zogjer suraTis qvemo nawilSi, CarCosTan, odnav miniSnebulia mo-

aseTia, magaliTad, naklebad cnobili xelmowerili suraTi saqarTvelos xe-

lovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi - `xilis duqanSi”, sadac dawvrilebiT aris naCven-

ebi Taroebze dalagebuli sxvadasxvanairi xili - TviT gaWrili sazamTroc ki, am

fonze ki naCvenebia, rogor awvdis daxlidari xiliT savse parks duqanSi Sesul

qalbatons. mas axlavan patara biWi, erTi patara da erTi monadire ZaRli; aseTia,

agreTve, suraTi, romelic gvixatavs sanitaruli inspeqtoris misvlas duqanSi. mas

aweria: `axali bazarniki qali”.

33niko firosmanaSvili

„giorgi gandegili“. muSamba, zeTi, 115X86 sm. sxm.

34 vaxtang beriZe


„qeifi vazis talaverSi“. muSamba, zeTi, 139X112 sm. sxm.

gv. 34 (zemoT). „viris xidi“. muSamba, zeTi, 93×117 sm. sxm; (qvemoT). „ojaxuri arifana (pikniki)“. muSamba, zeTi,

71.5×104 sm. sxm;

36 vaxtang beriZe

„naturmorti Saqris TaviT“. Tunuqi, zeTi, 55X62sm.mirzaani,

firosmanis muzeumi.

„naturmorti“ (gaumarjos purmarilian kacsa). Tunuqi, zeTi,

36X73 sm. sxm.


„naturmorti“ (didi naturmorti). muSamba, zeTi, 102X135 sm. sxm.

„deda Rori goWebiT“. muyao, zeTi, 80X100 sm. sxm.

38 vaxtang beriZe

„Sveli peizaJis fonze“. muyao, zeTi, 98X71 sm. sxm.


„daTvi mTvarian RameSi“. muSamba, zeTi, 100X80 sm. sxm.

40 vaxtang beriZe

„Jirafi“. muyao, zeTi, 138X112 sm. sxm.


„mjdomare yviTeli lomi“. muyao, zeTi, 99X80 sm. sxm.

42 vaxtang beriZe

„kaloze“. muyao, zeTi, 72X100 sm. sxm.

„mamali da krux-wiwila“. muyao, zeTi, 66.5X77 sm. sxm.


„wyalze mimavali bavSvebiani qali“. muSamba, zeTi, 111X92 sm. sxm.

„Sveli nukriT wyalze“. muyao, zeTi, 74.5X97 sm. sxm.

44 vaxtang beriZe


gv. 44 „meezove“. muSamba, zeTi, 105X46 sm. sxm.

„meTevze (wiTel perangSi)“. muSamba, zeTi, 111X90 sm. sxm.

46 vaxtang beriZe

„aqimi virze“. muyao, zeTi, 80X100 sm.

„giorgi saakaZe ixsnis saqarTvelos mtrebisagan“. muSamba, zeTi,

120X180 sm. sxm.


„Tbilisis funikuliori“. muSamba, zeTi, 112X90 sm. sxm.

„kaxeTis matarebeli“. muyao, zeTi, 70X140 sm. sxm.

48 vaxtang beriZe

„sviri“. muSamba,zeTi, 63X97 sm. sxm.

„wm. giorgis dReoba bolnisSi“. muyao, zeTi, 72X263 sm. sxm.

„paraklisi soflad“. muyao, zeTi, 72X140 sm. sxm.

49niko firosmanaSviliqmedebis adgili – iataki, mcenareebi; ufro metic, xandaxan mTe-qmedebis adgili – iataki, mcenareebi; ufro metic, xandaxan mTe-

li fonic mcenareebiTaa dawerili; magram iqmneba STabeWdileba, li fonic mcenareebiTaa dawerili; magram iqmneba STabeWdileba,

rom mxatvars arc ucdia Seeqmna siRrmis efeqti, TiTqos balaxi, rom mxatvars arc ucdia Seeqmna siRrmis efeqti, TiTqos balaxi,

lerwi, venaxi fardaze iyos daxatuli, msgavsad fotoatelies lerwi, venaxi fardaze iyos daxatuli, msgavsad fotoatelies

fonebisa; aseTia calke gamosaxul figuraTa umetesoba („meezove“, fonebisa; aseTia calke gamosaxul figuraTa umetesoba („meezove“,

„mzareuli“, „qali maraoTi“, „qali zambaxiTa da qolgiT“, „or-„mzareuli“, „qali maraoTi“, „qali zambaxiTa da qolgiT“, „or-

TaWalis turfebi“, „aqtrisa margarita“, „glexis qali vaJiT“, TaWalis turfebi“, „aqtrisa margarita“, „glexis qali vaJiT“,

„SeZlebuli glexi“, „virze mjdomi eqimi“, „virze mjdomi biWi“), „SeZlebuli glexi“, „virze mjdomi eqimi“, „virze mjdomi biWi“),

saxelganTqmuli jgufi „uSvilo milioneri da bavSvebiani Raribi saxelganTqmuli jgufi „uSvilo milioneri da bavSvebiani Raribi

qali“, cxovelTa suraTebis umetesoba (yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli qali“, cxovelTa suraTebis umetesoba (yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli

nimuSia „Savi taxi“, romelic TiTqos uhaero sivrceSia naCvenebi), nimuSia „Savi taxi“, romelic TiTqos uhaero sivrceSia naCvenebi),

naturmortebi (magaliTad, „didi naturmorti“). naturmortebi (magaliTad, „didi naturmorti“).

arsebiTad aseve savsebiT brtyelia upeizaJo „qeifebic“. aq mTe-arsebiTad aseve savsebiT brtyelia upeizaJo „qeifebic“. aq mTe-

li sivrce ganizomeba magidis siRrmiT da wvrili zoliT magidis li sivrce ganizomeba magidis siRrmiT da wvrili zoliT magidis

win („xuTi Tavadis qeifi“, „malaknebis qeifi“, qeifi „vazis ta-win („xuTi Tavadis qeifi“, „malaknebis qeifi“, qeifi „vazis ta-

laverSi“, „daTiko zemelTan“); Tanac, sibrtye fiqsirebulia magi-laverSi“, „daTiko zemelTan“); Tanac, sibrtye fiqsirebulia magi-

dis ucvlelad frontaluri mdebareobiT; figurebi TiTqos bare-dis ucvlelad frontaluri mdebareobiT; figurebi TiTqos bare-

liefur frizs Seadgenen. liefur frizs Seadgenen.

bunebis fonze gaSlili suraTebi orgvaria: zogierTSi mkaf-bunebis fonze gaSlili suraTebi orgvaria: zogierTSi mkaf-

iod aris gamoyofili wina plani, sadac SedarebiT didi masStabiT iod aris gamoyofili wina plani, sadac SedarebiT didi masStabiT

aris warmodgenili sakuTriv Tema, suraTis ZiriTadi birTvi (um-aris warmodgenili sakuTriv Tema, suraTis ZiriTadi birTvi (um-

ravles SemTxvevaSi, es gaSlili sufra da masTan msxdomi moqeif-ravles SemTxvevaSi, es gaSlili sufra da masTan msxdomi moqeif-

eni arian); sxva yvelaferi – peizaJi damatebiTi scenebiTa da fig-eni arian); sxva yvelaferi – peizaJi damatebiTi scenebiTa da fig-

urebiT – TiTqos „axlavs“ am birTvs; aseTi suraTebia „krwanisi“, urebiT – TiTqos „axlavs“ am birTvs; aseTi suraTebia „krwanisi“,

„qeifi rTvelSi“, „sami Tavadis qeifi mindvrad“, „begos kampania“ „qeifi rTvelSi“, „sami Tavadis qeifi mindvrad“, „begos kampania“

da sxv. sxvebSi ar aris aseTi gamoyofili dominanti, suraTis Si-da sxv. sxvebSi ar aris aseTi gamoyofili dominanti, suraTis Si-

naarsi TiTqos gafantulia Tanabari mniSvnelobis mqone jgufebad, naarsi TiTqos gafantulia Tanabari mniSvnelobis mqone jgufebad,

yovelTvis konkretuli amocanis Sesabamisad: „wm.giorgis dReoba yovelTvis konkretuli amocanis Sesabamisad: „wm.giorgis dReoba

bolnisSi“, „viris xidi“, „rTveli“, „nadiroba Savi zRvis napiras“; bolnisSi“, „viris xidi“, „rTveli“, „nadiroba Savi zRvis napiras“;

„kaxeTis eposi“ TiTqos Sualeduria maT Soris. „kaxeTis eposi“ TiTqos Sualeduria maT Soris.

ama Tu im suraTis kompoziciuri agebis calkeul niSanTa miuxe-ama Tu im suraTis kompoziciuri agebis calkeul niSanTa miuxe-

davad, yvelaSi TiTqos ori sawyisis Sejaxeba igrZnoba; sagnebis davad, yvelaSi TiTqos ori sawyisis Sejaxeba igrZnoba; sagnebis

gadmocemisas – sibrtyiTobisa da moculobiTobisa, sivrcis gad-gadmocemisas – sibrtyiTobisa da moculobiTobisa, sivrcis gad-

mocemisas – kvlav sibrtyiTobisa da siRrmisa; xolo TviT sivr-mocemisas – kvlav sibrtyiTobisa da siRrmisa; xolo TviT sivr-

cis agebisas – Tanaarseboba, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, „sisworisa“ da cis agebisas – Tanaarseboba, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, „sisworisa“ da

„usworobisa“. TvalsaCino magaliTad Tavdapirvelad gamogvadgeba „usworobisa“. TvalsaCino magaliTad Tavdapirvelad gamogvadgeba

„baTumi“, sadac matarebeli pirvel planze naCvenebia rakursiT, „baTumi“, sadac matarebeli pirvel planze naCvenebia rakursiT,

igi diagonalurad moemarTeba siRrmidan „Cvenken“, sxva yvelaferi igi diagonalurad moemarTeba siRrmidan „Cvenken“, sxva yvelaferi

ki – qalaqis saxlebis saxuravebi, zRva Tavisi karWapebiTa da nave-ki – qalaqis saxlebis saxuravebi, zRva Tavisi karWapebiTa da nave-

50 vaxtang beriZebiT – Tavisi horizontalebiT, sibrtyes „ganamtkicebs“. biT – Tavisi horizontalebiT, sibrtyes „ganamtkicebs“.

ra Tqma unda, firosmanma mSvenivrad icis, rom Soreuli sagnebi ra Tqma unda, firosmanma mSvenivrad icis, rom Soreuli sagnebi

sididiT ufro patarebi Cans, vidre axlomdebareni – Cveulebriv, sididiT ufro patarebi Cans, vidre axlomdebareni – Cveulebriv,

is maT asec xatavs; igi savsebiT flobs amoburculi zedapiris gad-is maT asec xatavs; igi savsebiT flobs amoburculi zedapiris gad-

mocemis saidumlobas – ix. didi da mcire doqebi bevr suraTSi, mocemis saidumlobas – ix. didi da mcire doqebi bevr suraTSi,

sadac moculoba iluziurad aris naCvenebi Suq–Crdilis grada-sadac moculoba iluziurad aris naCvenebi Suq–Crdilis grada-

ciiT, ix.agreTve adamianTa zogi figura da cxovelebi, romlebic ciiT, ix.agreTve adamianTa zogi figura da cxovelebi, romlebic

moculobiTad arian modelirebulni; mas SeuZlia da uyvars kidec moculobiTad arian modelirebulni; mas SeuZlia da uyvars kidec

Cveneba horizontze an borcvebze mdebare soflebis, siRrmeSi Sema-Cveneba horizontze an borcvebze mdebare soflebis, siRrmeSi Sema-

vali mdinarisa da gzisa, da am gzaze mimavali figurebisac; xSirad vali mdinarisa da gzisa, da am gzaze mimavali figurebisac; xSirad

mimarTavs rakurss moCardaxuli urmis an cxovelebis gadmocemi-mimarTavs rakurss moCardaxuli urmis an cxovelebis gadmocemi-

sas („iremi Tavisi bRartiT“, orive cxeni suraTSi „yaCaRma cx-sas („iremi Tavisi bRartiT“, orive cxeni suraTSi „yaCaRma cx-

eni moipara“); sworad xatavs rakursiT terfs, rasac ver axerxebs eni moipara“); sworad xatavs rakursiT terfs, rasac ver axerxebs

TviTnaswavlTa umetesoba da rac ucxoa xalxuri xelovnebisTvis TviTnaswavlTa umetesoba da rac ucxoa xalxuri xelovnebisTvis

(„meezove“, garanovis portreti, „mzareuli“); dasasrul – amas („meezove“, garanovis portreti, „mzareuli“); dasasrul – amas

qvemoT davubrundebiT – Soreuli planebis gadmosacemad arsebiT qvemoT davubrundebiT – Soreuli planebis gadmosacemad arsebiT

rols feradovani da ferweruli gadawyveta TamaSobs, Tumca mis rols feradovani da ferweruli gadawyveta TamaSobs, Tumca mis

suraTebSi ar igrZnoba haeris garemo, sfumato. suraTebSi ar igrZnoba haeris garemo, sfumato.

amitom gaubraloeba iqneba, Tu daviwyebT mtkicebas, TiTqos firos-amitom gaubraloeba iqneba, Tu daviwyebT mtkicebas, TiTqos firos-

manis peizaJebiani suraTebi mxolod sibrtyiTia da meti araferi. am manis peizaJebiani suraTebi mxolod sibrtyiTia da meti araferi. am

suraTebSi imdeni sivrce da siRrmea, ramdenic mxatvars esaWiroeba suraTebSi imdeni sivrce da siRrmea, ramdenic mxatvars esaWiroeba

yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi siuJetis gasaSlelad, garemos xasiaTis yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi siuJetis gasaSlelad, garemos xasiaTis

gadmosacemad, kompoziciis asawyobad da, SeiZleba iTqvas, Sesaferi-gadmosacemad, kompoziciis asawyobad da, SeiZleba iTqvas, Sesaferi-

si ganwyobilebis Sesaqmnelad. amis mSvenieri magaliTebia: „glexTa si ganwyobilebis Sesaqmnelad. amis mSvenieri magaliTebia: „glexTa

gaTavisufleba“,gaTavisufleba“,1717 misi erTi saukeTeso suraTTagani, Sors mimavali misi erTi saukeTeso suraTTagani, Sors mimavali

gziT, ramdenime wyebad ganlagebuli sofluri saxlebiT; „sami Ta-gziT, ramdenime wyebad ganlagebuli sofluri saxlebiT; „sami Ta-

vadis qeifi“, safexurebad siRrmeSi Semavali terasebiT; „uwindeli vadis qeifi“, safexurebad siRrmeSi Semavali terasebiT; „uwindeli

saqarTvelos qorwili“, didi „panoramebi“, naklebad cnobili „lxini saqarTvelos qorwili“, didi „panoramebi“, naklebad cnobili „lxini

qarTlSi“, perspeqtivaSi naCvenebi soflis saxlebiT da uamravi xalx-qarTlSi“, perspeqtivaSi naCvenebi soflis saxlebiT da uamravi xalx-

iT (am masas firosmani warmogvidgens erTian blokad, rogorc amas iT (am masas firosmani warmogvidgens erTian blokad, rogorc amas

Sua saukuneebis freskebSi vxvdebiT: pirvel rigebSi mTliani figure-Sua saukuneebis freskebSi vxvdebiT: pirvel rigebSi mTliani figure-

bia TaviT fexamde, ukan mxolod Tavebis konturebis ganmeoreba). bia TaviT fexamde, ukan mxolod Tavebis konturebis ganmeoreba).

da mainc, firosmanis xedva (ara marto xsenebul usivrco su-da mainc, firosmanis xedva (ara marto xsenebul usivrco su-

raTebSi, aramed peizaJebian kompoziciebSic), ra Tqma unda, „si-raTebSi, aramed peizaJebian kompoziciebSic), ra Tqma unda, „si-

brtyiTia“. ara mxolod uklebliv yvela magida, romelTac moqei-brtyiTia“. ara mxolod uklebliv yvela magida, romelTac moqei-

feni usxedan, aramed yvela sxva „sayrdeni“ elementic, romelTa feni usxedan, aramed yvela sxva „sayrdeni“ elementic, romelTa

SemweobiTac igeba rTuli kompoziciebi, naCvenebia frontalurad SemweobiTac igeba rTuli kompoziciebi, naCvenebia frontalurad

an sruli profiliT, isini swored sibrtyis fiqsacias axdenen: an sruli profiliT, isini swored sibrtyis fiqsacias axdenen:

am suraTs xSirad sxva saxeliTac ixsenieben: „didmarxva saqarTveloSi”.

51niko firosmanaSviliSenobebi (firosmani, Cveulebriv, aCvenebs or fasads, anu isini Senobebi (firosmani, Cveulebriv, aCvenebs or fasads, anu isini

kuTxeSi dganan, magram orive fasadis karnizebi horizontaluria), kuTxeSi dganan, magram orive fasadis karnizebi horizontaluria),

aseTia xidebi, navebi, karWapebi, mTavari ki is aris, rom TviT mo-aseTia xidebi, navebi, karWapebi, mTavari ki is aris, rom TviT mo-

qmedeba warmoebs an erT – wina – sibrtyeze an, Tu suraTSi bevri qmedeba warmoebs an erT – wina – sibrtyeze an, Tu suraTSi bevri

jgufia, paralelur sibrtyeebSi; aseve moZraoben, mcire gamonak-jgufia, paralelur sibrtyeebSi; aseve moZraoben, mcire gamonak-

lisebis garda, cxovelebic; moqmedi pirebi yovelTvis ar iyene-lisebis garda, cxovelebic; moqmedi pirebi yovelTvis ar iyene-

ben perspeqtiul kulisebs (zemoT rom movixsenieT), mag., siRrmeSi ben perspeqtiul kulisebs (zemoT rom movixsenieT), mag., siRrmeSi

Semaval gzebs – Tu vinme maT gaswvriv mainc moZraobs, xSirad isini Semaval gzebs – Tu vinme maT gaswvriv mainc moZraobs, xSirad isini

carielia, zogjer ki maT hkveTen figurebi, romlebic sasuraTo si-carielia, zogjer ki maT hkveTen figurebi, romlebic sasuraTo si-

brtyis paralelurad arian mobrunebulni (motrialebulni).brtyis paralelurad arian mobrunebulni (motrialebulni).1818

damaxasiaTebelia, rom amoburculi, e.i. moculobiTi, modeli-damaxasiaTebelia, rom amoburculi, e.i. moculobiTi, modeli-

rebuli formebic da „brtyeli“ gadmocemac ara marto sxvadasxva rebuli formebic da „brtyeli“ gadmocemac ara marto sxvadasxva

suraTSi, aramed erTsa da imaveSic gvxvdeba, isini Tanaarseboben. suraTSi, aramed erTsa da imaveSic gvxvdeba, isini Tanaarseboben.

ai, magaliTad, „qali, romelsac ludis kaTxa uWiravs“: misi sakma-ai, magaliTad, „qali, romelsac ludis kaTxa uWiravs“: misi sakma-

od farTo, moculobiT gadmocemuli biusti sruliad brtyel ka-od farTo, moculobiT gadmocemuli biusti sruliad brtyel ka-

bas uerTdeba; wyalTan misuli Sveli brtyelia, TiTqos muyaosgan bas uerTdeba; wyalTan misuli Sveli brtyelia, TiTqos muyaosgan

gamoWrili, „goWebiani deda Rori“ ki friad moculobiTia; xuTi gamoWrili, „goWebiani deda Rori“ ki friad moculobiTia; xuTi

moqeife Tavadi da „begos kampaniis“ monawileni gabrtyelebulni moqeife Tavadi da „begos kampaniis“ monawileni gabrtyelebulni

arian (zogi figura – erTiani Savi laqaa), sami moqeife Tavadis arian (zogi figura – erTiani Savi laqaa), sami moqeife Tavadis

sxeulebi ki TvalsaCinod modelirebulia; xolo wyalze mimavali sxeulebi ki TvalsaCinod modelirebulia; xolo wyalze mimavali

glexis qali, Tumca misTvis gankuTvnili sivrce mcire siRrmis-glexis qali, Tumca misTvis gankuTvnili sivrce mcire siRrmis-

aa, modelirebulia ara zogadad, erTiani blokis saxiT, rogorc aa, modelirebulia ara zogadad, erTiani blokis saxiT, rogorc

nikos sxva figurebis umetesoba, aramed faqizi gradaciebiT; aseve nikos sxva figurebis umetesoba, aramed faqizi gradaciebiT; aseve

„gamoZerwilia“ zogi xec (ix., magaliTad, „daTvi mTvarian Rames“). „gamoZerwilia“ zogi xec (ix., magaliTad, „daTvi mTv

Documents

vvaxtang beriZeaxtang beriZe7)/vaxtang beridze...niko firosmani”. qarTulsa da rusul xelmoweraSi zogjer amoklebda gvars: “firosmanaS.”. es namuSevrebia „aleqsandre garanovis