初中英语外研九年级上册主讲： 张钦

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目录Module 1 Wonders of the world.............................................................................................................................3Module 2 Great books.............................................................................................................................................9Module 3 Sporting life...........................................................................................................................................16Module 4 Great inventions....................................................................................................................................22Module 5 Museums..............................................................................................................................................29Module 6 Save the world......................................................................................................................................40Module 7 Australia................................................................................................................................................50Module 8 Photos...................................................................................................................................................59Module 9 Cartoon Stories.....................................................................................................................................68Module 10 Fitness.................................................................................................................................................78Module 11 Population...........................................................................................................................................85Module 12 Summer in LA......................................................................................................................................99

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Module 1 Wonders of the world

一.知识梳理1, wonder Ancient wondersTechnological wonders

Natural wonders （可数）奇迹，奇才They were filled with wonder at the sight of the beautiful scenery. (不可数) 惊奇，惊叹! No wonder 怪不得No wonder he worked so hard.

动词：想知道People wondered about/at his success. We wondered what really happened.I’m wondering how to improve my English.

Wonderful 极好的，精彩的2， band 乐队ban band brand

1）乐队 a rock band2） 带子，条纹 a rubber band 橡皮筋

3， review 复习评论 a book/film review write a review4, grade

1）成绩；年级Word hard, and you’ll get good grades. (2011 山东滨州中考)

2）等级，品级All the materials used were of the highest grade.

拓展：grade v. 分级，分等；给……评分These potatoes have been graded according to size and quality.When will Mr. Smith grade our papers?

5, event 事件；比赛项目Tonight’s program looks back at the main events of the year. It is easy to be wise after the event.Which event in the Olympics do you usually watch?

拓展：Event Accident Incident

6, light

形容词：1）明亮的 It’s getting light; morning is coming.

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2) 轻的；浅色的 light blue名词1）（不可数）光线 The light is poor in the room.

2) (可数) 灯The light in on in his room.

3)(可数) 火柴；打火机Have you got a light?

动词：点燃；照亮She lit the candles on the birthday cake.The fireworks lighted the dark night sky.7, reply

动词：I asked her why she did it, but she didn’t reply. Our teacher replied to our questions.He replied that he was too busy to come.

名词：He made no reply to my doubts.What did you to in reply to his challenge?8, distance n.

1) 距离 a long/short distanceWhat’s the distance between Shanghai and Beijing?

2) 远方；远处He looks like my brother from that distance.

3) 冷淡；疏远There has been a great distance between the two close friends since their quarrel.

From/at a distance 从远处At a distance 隔一段距离In the distance 在远处Keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡9, sight n.

1) (可数) 景象；景观After the earthquake, the city was a terrible sight.

2) (不可数) 视力，视觉I’ll have my sight tested tomorrow.

3) （不可数）视界Out of sight, out of mind.Victory is in sight.

拓展：Sightseeing 观光10， height n.1) 高度What’s the height of this building?The plane flew at a height of 3,000 meters.

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2)身高He is of medium height.

3) 高处；高地He decided to face his fear of heights.HighHightenAncient Composition MeetingListen up Get out of Clear Rise Ground Below EdgeBottom Side Disappear Huge Face Lift View Attract Description Location

二.方法规律1, What’s happening?What’s going on?What’s up?The accident happened in their school.To our surprise, the thing happened to her.I happened to meet her in the supermarket.Take placeThe talk will take place tomorrow morning at eight o’clock.

考题链接：（2010 盐城中考）在过去的十年里，中国发生了巨大变化。Great changes _______________in China ______________.2, Well, she started a school magazine called New Standard when she was a pupil here.

Well, she started a school magazine which was called New Standard…I like the songs sung by Taylor Swift.

考题链接：（2011 贵州安顺中考）- Look at the noisy kids!

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- Haven’t you heard the saying ”When the cat is away, the mice___.”A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play3, So why don’t we start a school magazine, too?= why not start a school magazine?

提建议：1) How/What about doing sth.?2) You should do sth.3) Would you like to do sth.?4) Let’s do sth.5) You’d better do sth. 6) Shall we do sth.?7) Will you please do sth.?

考题链接：（2011 郴州中考）- What could I get my father for Father’s Day?- __ getting him a tie?A. Why not B. How about C. Why don’t you3, Yes, some ideas on how to get good grades!

“疑问词+不定式” —————宾语从句I don’t know what to talk about.= I don’t know what I should talk about.

考题链接：（2011 济南中考）改写句子，句意不变。The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well.The foreigners want to know_____ learn Chinese Kongfu well,4, What does Betty suggest putting in the school magazine?He suggested a rest.He suggested having a rest.He suggested that we (should) have a rest.Her smile suggests her satisfaction.Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job?5, He knew where I was going.

宾语从句 3 大注意：1） 陈述句语序。Could you tell me how we can get to the station?I want to know what’s the matter with you?

2) 连接词陈述句—that She said that she was happy.

一般疑问– if/whether I don’t if you agree with me.

特殊疑问句– 原来的疑问词 She told me how I could do it.

3) 时态– 一致Linda said that the train had left.

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Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

考题链接：（2011 枣庄中考）He said that light___ much faster than sound.A. has travelled B. wentC. travels D. traveled6. I looked carefully over them, but it was still too dark to see anything.1) reply He replied that his mind was made up.Mr. Li hasn’t replied to my email yet.I haven’t received his reply.

2) in+一段时间 表将来-How soon will you finish the book?- In a month.7, I looked carefully over them, but it was still too dark to see anything.

Look over 检查，查看Could you please look over my composition?2) They are too careless to pass the exam.= They are not careful enough to pass the exam.= They are so careless that they didn’t pass the exam.

考题链接：（2010 连云港中考）Nick was so tired that he couldn’t walk any further.Nick was__________________ any further.8. I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river, far below me.

Fall away 向下倾斜，消失Fall down to 降到…落到….Fall off 从……摔下Fall behind 落后Fall into 陷入Fall over 倒下，绊倒

9, If you put the three tallest buildings in the world at the bottom of the canyon, they still won’t reach the top.

考题链接：（2011 梧州中考）-- I don’t know if Mr Li___to the party this evening.— I think he will come if he___free.A. will come; is B. will come; will be C. comes; is D. comes; will be10, Then I looked across to the other side of the canyon.

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I got out of the car, went through a gate and walked along a path.OtherThe other The othersOthers Another

考题链接：（2011 山东烟台中考）-- Can a plane fly___ the Atlantic Ocean?-- Yes, but it needs to go __ the clouds for hours?A. across; through B. through; acrossC. across; across D. through; through

(2011 广州中考)How dangerous! She was driving the car with one hand and holding an ice cream with____.A. the other B. another C. others D. other

三.中考考点一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时一般将来时过去进行时现在完成时【2012 北京】25. Let’s ____ for a walk, shall we?A. to go B. going C. go D. gone

【2012 北京】26. —Where were you last Saturday?—I ____ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will be C. was D. have been

【2012 北京】29. —May I speak to the headmaster?[ —He ____ a meeting now. Can I take a message?A. is having B. had C. has D. will have　【2012 北京】32. I ____ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear fromC. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from

【2012.安徽省】41. --Let's discuss the plan, shall we?--Not now. I_____ to an interview.A. go B. went C. am going D. was going

【2012.安徽省】49. The task____ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.A. was finished B. will be finished C. has been finished D. can't be finished

【2012 贵州贵阳】39. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees _______ around the city every 8

year. A. plant B. are planted C. will plant

【2012 贵州贵阳】41. If Bob ______ away from the junk food, he will be in good health.[ A. stay B. will stay C. stays

【2012 福建福州】43. — Our classroom ____________ every day.— So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned

【2012 贵州贵阳】36. “Have you ever been to Tokyo?” “Yes, I ______ there twice. It’s a modern city.” A. have gone B. have been C. had gone

【2012 福建福州】35. — Listen, the music _____________sweet.— It's Yesterday Once More, my favorite.A. sounds B. smells C. feels

【2012 福建福州】37. — Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith?[ — Sorry, he isn't in. He _____________the office.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away

Module 2 Great books

一.知识梳理1, work

1) 作品（常复）Works of art Beethoven’s piano works

2) （不可数）工作；活儿Look for work All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

3) (不可数) 工作地点；工作场所My father goes to work at 8 o’clock.She left work early today.

拓展：工作；运转；奏效Her sister works as a nurse.My mobile phone doesn’t work.Did the medicine work?

2. influence v.影响It is his parents that influence him so much.Don’t let her opinion influence how you think.

名词：“影响，作用”Reading great books will have a good influence on your thought.He is a big influence on his brother.

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3. respect v. 尊重，尊敬We should respect others’ opinions. People respect him as a great leader.Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.

4, wise 睿智的 a wise old man Fools learn nothing from wise men, but wise men learn much from fools.

愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。5， behavior n. 举止，行为 good/bad behavior Her behavior drives me mad.

拓展：Behave v.表现They behaved very badly toward their guests.Behave yourself!

6, freedom 自由1) 指权利时，可数也可不可数Freedom of speech The basic rights and freedoms

2) 指状态时，不可数Freedom of action He is enjoying his freedom.7, treasure

1） （不可数）宝藏；财宝They found the treasure in a sunken ship.Hundreds of people came here to dig for buried treasure.

2) (可数) 极贵重的物品；不可多得的人才 the priceless art treasuresHe is a real treasure.

拓展： v. 珍视；珍惜The boy boys treasure the friendship between them very much.

8，pleased 1) 高兴的She is pleased with the exam score.I’m pleased that you’ve make big progress.

2) 乐于（做某事） I’m very pleased to see you again. She’s always pleased to help others.

9, alive adj. 活着的*alive 常用做表语或后置定语，不能用于名词前做定语，也无比较级。He is the only person alive in the war.

拓展： adj. 有活力的；活跃的Although he is old, he’s very much alive.Alive and kicking

辨析：10

Lively a lively tune a lively description

Live a live show

Living a living fish10, state n.

1） 州，邦；状态Alaska is now the largest of all the 50 states of the USA.She is in a state of excitement.

2）国家；政府Member states 成员国They wish to limit the power of the state.

拓展： state v.陈述；说明Please state your opinion of the new school rules. State clearly how many tickets you need.

11, version n. 版本 the latest version of the software They are different versions.

拓展：（个人或群体的）说法；描述Their versions of how the accident happened conflict.Monthly LiteratureMillions of Cave Funeral Outsider Social Theme Clever Run way1, for a time 2, grow up3, talk about 4, southern 5, historical 6, editor 7, publisher 8, reviewer 9,not…any more10, as far as

二.方法规律1,I’m looking for some old copies of the school magazines.

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考题链接：（2011 雅安中考）Mrs. Green is ___ her purse, but she can’t ___ it.A. looking for; find B. looking at; find C. seeing; looking for D. finding; look for2, As far as I remember, it was started by Becky Wang.As far as “ …… ……”就 来说；至于As far as we know, he has been in China for ten years.拓展：As far as “ …本意 跟 . ”一样远We walked as far as the river yesterday.考题链接：（2011 桂林中考）Li Hua’s shoes are as____ as Zhang Hui’s.A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheaper D. the cheapest3. We don’t have a school magazine any more.He didn’t smoke any more.I wanted no more cakes.辨析：Not…any more 指数量上不再增加或行为动作不再重复。The baby didn’t cry any more.Not…any longer(= no longer) 指时间上不再延续。I’m not a child any longer.4, He’s a lively and clever young boy, and he finds himself in many exciting adventures. Find+宾语+宾补He found the homework difficult to do.Her parents found her sleeping in the sofa.At last we found the book written ten years ago.拓展：I find it interesting to sing in the forest.I find it useful to learn a new skill.考题链接：

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（2011 乌鲁木齐中考）All of us find__ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. them D. it考题链接：（2010 湖北荆门中考）He was so___ when he heard the ___ news that he got the first prize in the contest.A. exciting; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. excited; exciting5, He runs away with his two friends, Huck Finn and Joe, to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River for several days.1) run away 逃跑 run across 偶然遇到 run after 追赶 run out 用尽2）The teaching building is in the middle of our school.

My mother came back from work in the middle of the day.3)考题链接：（2011 绥化中考）We have been in China___ three years. We like it very much.A. in B. for C. Since6, He decides to go to his own funeral.1)He decided to work harder and catch up with other students.They made up their mind to work harder.I think that I made a wrong decision.考题链接：（2011 济南中考）They decided____ at the end of this month.A. to leave B. going backC. travel D. not start out2) She bought the car with her own money.

Who owns this car?7, Everyone is surprised to see him but they’re also pleased to see him alive.1)I was pleased to see him there.We are surprised at his success.What he did surprised us all.She asked me a question in surprise.To our surprise, the boy won the prize.考题链接：（2011 遵义中考）__ our surprise, the twin sisters went to Peking University at the same time last year.A. With B. In C. To

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8, The themes of the story are to do with children growing up and becoming more serious.1) to do with 和。。。有关The class meeting is to do with the students’ bad behavior.The news has nothing to do with me.2) grow up 长大，成长When he grew up, his dream came true.9, Finally, it talks about freedom, social rules and how people are punished for bad behavior.1) He talked with his mother about which school to go to.2) The child was punished for telling lies.10, Because films do not try to teach history, but rather, to tell a good story!

Rather 副词， “宁愿，宁可” not…but rather….”不是….而是……”He is not silly, but rather careless.

拓展：1）would rather + 动词原形 “宁可宁愿”He’d rather (not) work in the countryside.

2) would rather do…than do…”宁可。。。而不愿。。。”I’d rather stay at home than go out.

考题链接：（2011 广西中考）It’s ten at night. I’m very tired. I would rather___than___ TV.A. to sleep; watch B. sleep; to watch C. sleep;watching D. sleep; watch

三.中考考点考点一：被动语态的基本结构:be+done

有各种时态的变化[1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken

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一般现在时的被动语态： am / is / are + done[2]. The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for

一般过去时的被动语态： was / were + done[3]. More man-made satellites ____ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up

一般将来时的被动语态：will + be + done , be going to + be + done[4]. Three bridges ____ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built

现在完成时的被动语态： have / has + been + done[5]. Flowers ____ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water

含有情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be + done考点二：被动语态中的特殊情况:[6]. ① Good medicine ___ bitter to the mouth. A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste

② This pen ___ well. A. is sold B. sell C. sells

感官动词, 和 sell,write 等动词用主动语态表被动.[7]. Many people ___ during the earthquake in May, 2008. A. were died B. dead C. died

happen, last, die, fit, cost, weigh, 等动词不使用被动.[8]. The man ____ clean the toilet because he ___ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park. A. was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing C. made; saw

主动: see / hear sb. do sth被动: be seen / heard to do sth主动:see / hear sb. doing sth.被动:be seen / heard doing sth.主动:make sb.do sth.被动:be made to do sth.[9]. Children should ___. A. take good care of

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B. be taken good care C. be taken good care of

固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词[10]. Your desk ___. A. needs repair B. needs repairing C. needs to repair

need 可以用-ing 形式表示被动need to be done = need doing

1.只有及物动词才能有被动语态。2.连系动词不能用于被动语态。（seem, look, become, get, grow, turn, remain, stay）3.表示度量的动词不能用于被动语态。（weigh）4.某些短语动词用作不及物动词也不能用于被动语态。(take place, set out, come true, break out, come down, belong to )

5.表示某些状态的及物动词如 fit, cost 也不能用于被动语态6.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。 The woman‘s clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。7.注意 need 可用主动表被动.need doing= need to be done

Module 3 Sporting life

一.知识梳理1, allow v. 允许She doesn’t allow smoking in her office.Her parents never allow her to go out alone at night.She is not allowed to go out alone at night.Eating is not allowed in the classroom.

2, defeat v.打败Our team defeated the guest team.Don’t be defeated by fear. We defeated them 1:0 in the last game.

拓展： defeat n. 失败，战败The party faces defeat in the election.We are sorry for your defeat in the game.

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3, against prep.

1) 与……相对，反对；靠，依She had to sell the house even though it was against her own wishes. (2011杭州中考)She is standing against the wall.

2) 对……不利；以……为北京The evidence is against him. The photo was taken against the sea.4, tough adj.

1）艰苦的；强硬的He had a tough time when he went overseas.Some tough measures are taken to stop the crime.

2) 坚韧的；坚强的He has a tough person.

3) 难切开的；嚼不烂的The meat is too tough to eat.

5,encourage v. 鼓励 We encouraged him to take part in the race.The activity encourages learning from each other.Boys are often encouraged to be brave.

6, overnight adj. 突如其来的，持续整夜的 overnight travel overnight millionaire The film was an overnight success.

拓展：overnight adv.在夜间；突然，一夜之间She stayed overnight in the hotel.You cant change things overnight.

7. record n. 记录1）最高纪录She hold the world record for the 100 meters.

2)记录；唱片You’d better keep a record of your expenses.I really like the record you lent me the other day.

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Break a record Keep a record Set a new recordv.

1) 记录You can keep diary to record what you do every day. He recorded lots of things happened in his life.

2)录制；录（音）；录（像）He has recorded the whole concert. Tell us when the tape starts recording.Record-breakerRecord holder Recorder record player

8, set v. 设置；制定 现在分词 setting set---set---set

1) 为（小说、舞台等）设置背景The novel was set in Ming Dynasty.

2) 制定（规则、标准）They set high standards of customer service.

3) (日月等) 落下The sun sets, and night comes.

拓展 set n. 一套，一组I like this set of sofa so much. (2011四川成都中考)Set off Set out Set up Set down Set free Set an example Set the alarm clock

9, represent v. 代表；象征He’ll be chosen to represent China at the Olympic Games. Athena represents wisdom and beauty.10, coach

1)教练 a basketball coach a national coach

2) 长途汽车 a coach station by coach

v. 训练；培养；指导Her brother coaches basketball.Sun Haiping coached Liu Xiang for the Olympics.1.Season

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2.Stand for 3.Medal 4.Advertisement5.Regularly 6.Hurdle7.Race8.Discussion 9.Belt10.marathon

二.方法规律1, I think we’re so good that we’ll be asked to play in the Olympic Games.

比较：The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it now.It is such a hot coffee that I can’t drink it now.

注意：当名词前有Many，much, little, few 修饰时，要用 so that.My friend told me he had so much homework that he spent four hours the night before.

考题链接：（2011 江苏常州中考）The book was written in __ easy English __ even primary school students could understand it.A. so;that B. such;that C. too; to D. very;that2, Betty and Lingling say they think that BIG will lose in order to make Tony and other players try harder to win to show they’re wrong.We started early in order to arrive before dark.We started early in order that we could arrive before dark.He is trying to improve his English.He tries opening the window but failed.

考题链接：（2011 阜康中考）-- We can go to Jinan Railway Station by bus.— Why not ___ there for a change?A. try walking B. trying to walk C. to try and walk D. to try walking3. So do I. Neither/Nor do I. So I do.

”的确“不倒，”也“必倒。考题链接：（2011 四川德阳中考）— It’s an exciting movie. I’ve just seen it.— _____.A. So do I B. So I have C. So have I4, For Liu Xiang, life as a sporting hero has just begun.

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1) for 对……来说For us, health is more important than money.It is good for us to eat more vegetables.2) as

As a child, she was brave and wasn’t afraid of darkness. 作为He is dressed like a clown. 如同拓展：As he is growing up, he has realized how great his mother is. I won’t say sorry as it was not my fault.5, First of all, he’ll be invited to competitions around the world.

2) invite We invited our teacher to the party.Our teacher was invited to the party.6, Liu Xiang will be advised by his coach on how to be a great sportsman, and…Jim advise flying to Hainan for a holiday.My teacher advised me to go to the library once a week. Our monitor advised that we go for a spring outing to enjoy the great nature.Could you give me some advice?We thanked her for her kind advice, and promised to follow it.I don’t know how to answer the question.=I don’t know how I can answer the question.

考题链接：（2011 山东青岛中考）— I often chat with my friends on the internet?— You are so smart! Will you please tell me___?A. how to do B. how to do itC. how to use D. when can I use it7. Then, in 1998, his skills at hurdling was noticed by is coach Sun Haiping.skill at/in doing sth.My sister’s skill at playing the piano surprised all of us.I noticed a new computer on my desk.Did you notice anything strange?Did you notice anyone take the book away?

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He noticed a little girl standing at the door.8, It was set up in 2001 to help young sportsmen and sportswomen.

考题链接：（2010杭州中考）Eton College in England was___in 1440 by King Henry VI to give free education to poor students.A. cleaned up B. set upC. fixed up D. cheered up9,…, and his performance was compared with the world’s best sports stars.My handwriting can’t be compared with my sister’s.Compared with E-books, paper books do less harm to our eyes.People always compare teachers to candles.10, And that must have encouraged them a lot.

三.中考考点被动语态的基本结构:be+done

有各种时态的变化You were defeated last time.I wasn’t chosen this time.You won’t be allowed to watch with our fans. When will the match be held ?1)It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days. A) designed　　B) has been designed　　C) will be designed　　D) will have been designed2)We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.A) will already have started B) would already have started　　C) shall have already startedD) has already been started3) She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.A) is taken　　 B) takes　　C) will be taken　D) has taken4) Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.A) is found　　B) has been found　　C) was found　　D) had been found

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5)“Have you moved in to the new flat?” “Not yet. The room____.”A) has been painted　　B) is painted　　C) paints　　D) is being painted6) My pictures ____until next Friday.A) won't develop　　B) aren't developed　　C) don't develop　　D) won' t be developed7) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.A) had been unemployed　　B) was unemployed　　C) has been unemployed　　D) has unemployed8) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.A) has been establish　　B) have been established　　C) have established　　D) had been established9) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.A) would be fined　　B) will be fined　　C) will being fined　　D) will have been fined10)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”A) They have been given　　B) I have been given　　C) I am given　D) They have given to me

Module 4 Great inventions

一.知识梳理1，printing n.印刷（术）1) (不可数)印刷术 the printing trade the invention of printing printing erros

2) （可数）（书籍的）一次印刷The book is in its fifth printing.

拓展：Print Printer

2, advantage 优点，优势复数：advantages We are discussing about the advantages and disadvantages of internet.

take advantage of 利用……= make use of We took full advantage of the hotel facilities. I took advantage of the good weather to go out for a walk.3, charge v.The battery hasn’t been charged for a couple of months.

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1) 充电 charge a battery charger

2) 收费They didn’t charge us for the entrance.

3) 控告He was charged with murder.

4) 负责 in charge of in the charge of We are in the charge of Mr. Wang.4. favor

1) (可数) 帮助Would you please do me a favor?

2) (不可数) 喜爱；赞同I’m afraid I’m our of favor with my classmate since our last argument.I’m in favor of taking mobile phones to school.The final result was 4: 2 in China’s favor.

拓展： favor v. 支持，喜欢，偏袒Fortune favors those who make great efforts.

Favorable 赞同的，支持的5， publish v.1） 出版 The company mainly publishes books for children.

The Harry Potter books have become pretty popular since they were published. (2010上海中考)2）发表；刊登The magazine published a short story written by a high school magazine.

Publisher 出版者；出版社Publishing 出版业6, issue n.

1) (报刊等)期Do you have last week’s issue of this magazine?

2) 问题；议题 a hot issue Another issue is the language barrier.

3) 发行；分发I bought a set of the new stamps on the date of issue. the issue of water to the victims

拓展： issue v. 公布；发布；出版They issued a monthly magazine.

7, ordinary 普通的，正常的* more ordinary * most ordinary in ordinary dress an ordinary day

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That will be more expensive than an ordinary train, but cheaper than by air. (2011 贵州安顺中考)2） 平庸的，平淡无奇的The meal was very ordinary.In the ordinary way Out of the ordinary

8, replace v. 代替Teachers will never be replaced by computers in class.They replaced trains by (with) buses.All the old carpets need replacing.9, produce

1) (及物) 生产；制造They factory produces 1,000 cars a week.This kind of camera is produced in Japan.

2) (及物) 产生；引起Jay Chou’s arrival produced a sensation.However, the plan failed to produce the desired effect.

拓展：Produce n. 产品；农产品Farm produce Home produce Native produce

Product n. 产品；制成品Production n. 生产；产量Producer n. 生产商；产地10， invention n. 发明1） （不可数）发明；创造I think the computer is the greatest invention.

2) (不可能) 创造力；创意An author must have invention to think up new ideas for stories.Invent Inventor

1.Digital2.Look through3.Create4.Cotton5.Wood6.Ink

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7.Block8.Spread 9.One day10.sharpen

二.方法规律1, Well, that makes me think.1) make sb. do sth. Our PE teacher often makes us run 10 minutes at the beginning of the class.How can you make the girl stop crying?We are made to run 10 minutes by our PE teacher at the beginning of the class.

2) make + 名词+形容词Very loud noise can make people ill.She has a magic to make her class interesting.

考题链接：（2011 广西崇左中考）— Dad, how can I get on well with my classmates?— Try to be friendly to them. That will make it much____.A. easily B. more easily C. easy D. easier2) Paper and printing have been used for ages.The tool is used for cutting hair.A coat is used for keeping warm.During the war, the house was used as prison. MP3 was widely used by most young people who liked music.2) ages= years For ages = for a long timeI’ve had no exercises for ages.3, It doesn’t matter. I’ll see to that.

负责，注意，处理— The blackboard need to be cleaned.— I’ll see to it later.A man was there to see to our luggage.= take care of

See about 考虑See off 送行，送别See through 过难关See to it that 保证4， But you must promise that it won’t be lent to anyone, and it won’t be left at school!

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考题链接：（2011浙江衢州中考）— May I borrow these two books, please?— Yes, you can___ them for two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. buy D. keep

(2011浙江金华)— How long may I __ your bike?— For a week. But you mustn’t __ it to others.A. borrow; lend B. keep; lendC. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow

2） leave Leave sth. in/at/on+某地I left my umbrella on the bus yesterday.Mr. Green is so forgetful that he always leaves things here and there.

辨析：Who left the gloves on the table?I forget what to do next. Who can help me?5, Every morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work. On one’s way to I shared a seat on the bus with her on the way to the concert.By the way, where is Lucy? Here is a letter for you.Don’t stand in the way.Your work is well done in a way.6, Can we imagine life without paper or print?The letter was posted without a stamp.He left without telling us.We never see this picture without thinking of him.

考题链接：（2011 河南中考）— Mr Hu, can you tell us how to learn math well?— Sure. But remember nothing can be learned___hard work.A. by B. at C. without D. for7, But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand.1)The program will send two astronauts into space at a time.

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He was at one time so devoted to piano playing.In time On time All the time At any timeAt times From time to time

考题链接：（2011 无锡中考）Don’t try to do everything at once. Take it a bit____.A. at times B. at that timeC. at all times D. at a time2) by hand Noodles made by hand is more delicious.She made the dress by hand.

辨析： by vs. WithCan I reach you by phone? (抽象)He wrote down his name on the paper with a ballpoint pen. （具体）8，Today information can be received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in books…1)I received the invitation, but I haven’t decided whether to accept.2) We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the hall.I would rather go to the park than go to the museum.I prefer to read novels rather than do math exercises.

考题链接：（2011 四川达州）When people want to relax themselves, they prefer ___ TV or listen to music rather than___ newspapers.A. watching; read B. watching; to readC. to watch; read D. to watch;reading9, What shouldn’t be done with batteries?

do with 处理；对待— What will she do with the work?— She doesn’t want to do it by herself. She wants to ask someone else to do it.考题链接：（2010 江苏南京中考）— Many students don’t know how to ___ stress and become worried.— I think they’d better ask their teachers for help.A. agree with B. deal with C. quarrel with D. come up with10. It is said that in the near future there will be more e-books than paper books.It is said that robots can do many things that humans can’t do under the control of computers.It is reported that more and more teenagers are trying cigarettes.It is believed that our team will win the match.It is known that the earth is round.

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三.中考考点被动语态的基本结构:be+done

有各种时态的变化课本原句：Paper and printing have been used for ages.Has it been published yet?

考题链接：（2011 广西柳州中考） Half of the work___ by now.Has finished Has been finished Have been finished

课本原句：Information can be kept on CD-ROMs.Can books be replaced by computers?

考题链接：（2011 山东聊城）As everyone knows, rubbish __ everywhere.A. need be thrownB. mustn’t be thrownC. can’t throwD. may throw

1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years. A are held B were held C．are holding D．will ho1d2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings． A． is giving B is given C will give D has given3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer". A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used6. --Do you often clean your classroom? --Yes. Our classroom __________every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned7. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen

8. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden． A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted

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9.一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一 Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around． A． polluted B was polluted C has polluted D．was po11ute10. —Great changes have taken place in this city.

---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.

A. turned up B. put up

C. shown up D. fixed up

Module 5 MuseumsDon’t touch.

No entry.

No photography.

No shouting.

一.知识梳理1, entry

复数：entries

动词：enter

1) “进入”，后接介词 into或 to

Is a visa needed for entry into the country?

2) (不可数) 参加，加入（指权利、机会）China’s entry into the WTO encourages more people to learn English.

3) (可数)参赛作品The photo contest attracted as many as 500 entries.

4) （不可数）登记；登录；录入More staff are needed for data entry.

5) (可数)大门；入口；通道The entry of the cave was hidden behind the waterfall.

2. familiar

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More familiar

Most familiar

a familiar face/ voice

These tales are familiar to Chinese children.

She is familiar with the names of the kids in her class.

3. attention 注意；专心；留心You should pay more attention to your teacher’s advice. (2011 内江中考)

She tried to catch the students’ attention.

拓展： attention 感叹词，“注意”。Boys and girls, attention, please. Now let me tell you how to get to the Bird Island.(2011 四川资阳中考)

Be/get/become used to

Put one’s mind to

Look forward to

Prefer…to…

Thanks to

4， either adj. 两者之一的Either plan has risks.

You may go by either road.

拓展：1） either of…第三人称单数Either of the dresses suits you.

I don’t like either of the sweaters. Please show me a third one.

(2011 大庆中考)

2）“也”If you don’t go, I will no either.

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3) either…or….就近原则！Either Lisa or Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home to take care of the dog. (2011

黄石中考)

Either you or your brother is wrong.

辨析：Both of the sisters have come to our party.

Either Lucy or Lily has come to our party.

Neither Lucy nor Lily has come to our party.

考题链接：（2012 四川广安中考）— When are you going camping?

— __ today or tomorrow? We’ll be free these days.

A. Neither B. Either C. both

5, experiment 实验Carry out/ perform/ conduct an experiment

Many people do not like the idea of experiments on animals.

6. unusual adj. 不寻常的You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne, but she is a most unusual woman.(2011 达州中考)

It is not unusual for me to come home late.

an unusual color/ feature

uncomfortable

unpopular

unable

unknown

unhealthy

unfortunate

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unnecessary

unhappy

7, position

1) 位置；方位From my position, I could see nothing.

The desk used to be in this condition.

2) 环境；状况She is in a very difficult position.

I’m afraid I am not in a position to help you.

3) 观点；态度；立场What’s your position on this problem？I made my position very clear.

4) 职位She is applying for the position of CEO assistant.

拓展： position v. 安装；安置She positioned the chairs around the dinning table.

Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.

8. speed 速度He was driving at high/low/top/full speed.

He reduced speed and turned sharp left.

More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。speed limit

pick up speed

at a speed of…

拓展： speed v. “加速”The train gradually speeded up.

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9. obey v. 遵守 反义词： disobey

obey rules/ an order

考题链接：（2011黄冈中考）If everyone_______(遵守) the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents.

10. communication n. 沟通、交流Communicate

Communicative

communicator

1) (不可数) 交流；沟通Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.

Communication between old and young people is not so difficult as you think.

2) 通讯系统；联络Communication systems

the communication industry

1.Guard

2.Sign

3.Sculpture

4.Exhibit

5.Physics

6.Sand

7.Wheel

8.Travel

9.Human

10.Above all

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二.方法规律1, Two of Betty’s friend are planning a visit as well/ Alone.

Alone 副词，“单独地，独自地”It is not safe to swim in the sea alone.

拓展：alone 形容词

只能作表语，不能做定语。Frank is alone in the library. It seems that he forgets the time.

考题链接：（2011 江苏宿迁）I don’t have any close friends here. I feel ___ from time to time.

A. alone B. happy C. lonely D. proud

2. My classmates and I have got to write a report for homework by Friday.

By “到……时为止；不迟于……”By 后接表示将来的时间，一般用一般将来时。By 后接表示过去的时间，常用于过去完成时。I think you can feel better by supper time.

By the time you graduate, you will be a true adult.

By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed.

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拓展：1）by 在……旁边She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest by the side of the path.

2) go/walk/pass by “从……旁经过”We walked by a convenience store when we came here.

考题链接：（2011乌鲁木齐中考）The meeting___ by the time I got there yesterday.

A. was on B. has been on

C. had begun D. has begun

3, He’s gone off on his own.

1) go off= leave

Mary decided to go off to China with her mother.

2) on one’s own 独立地，单独地Her grandpa lives on his own.

I finished the work on my own.

辨析：She has gone to London on her own.

This new apartment is of her own.

4. In what way is the Science Museum different from other museums?

1) be different from

His view of life is different from ours.

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考题链接：（2011 宜宾中考）I have two brothers. One is a teacher, ___ is a doctor.

A. another B. other C. others D. the others

5, Visiting the Science Museum is fun and it’s a great way to learn about science because you can work

things out and try out ideas.

1) 动名词做主语:表经常性、习惯性的动作，也可以用 it做形式主语。Doing morning exercises every day is good for your health.

It’s no use talking without doing.

比较：To do做主语表示具体的特别是将来的动作。To become a musician is my dream.

To read on such a rainy day is a good choice.

Reading is useful to our thinking.

2）way “方式；方法” 后接不定式或 of doing

Scientists are trying to find out ways to prevent disease.

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拓展：Can you solve the problem in another way?

The way we choose to educate a kid is quite important.

3）work out 解决；计算出；制定出We can’t work out the physics problem.

The exercises are easy enough for us to work out.

I have to work out a plan for our spring outing.

考题链接：（2011呼和浩特中考）— These problems are too hard to___. Will you give me some advice?

— There are many ways. The most important is to have a careful plan.

A. work out B. look out

C. hand out D. break out

4) Try out “试用；试验”Have you tried out the latest mobile phone?

Try on

6. If you aren’t fast enough, the lion catches you!

副词：You are old enough to make decision by yourself.

形容词：Do you have enough time for a chat?

A hamburger is enough. I’m not so hungry.

考题链接：— What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang Crazy English?

— I think it’s ___, but someone thinks it’s much too____. （2011 贵州黔西南州中考）A. wonderful enough; bored

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B. enough wonderful; boring

C. wonderful enough; boring

D. enough wonderful; bored

7. There are also rooms on transport, the environment and space technology, as well as math, physics and

chemistry.

They spend Christmas as well as Spring Festival in their house.

比较：1) Jim , as well as his parents, is going for the holiday.

Not only Jim but also his parents are going for the holiday.

考题链接：（2011 贵州黔西南州中考）She as well as her classmates___ English vey much.

A. like B. likes C. have liked D. liked

2）There are many students, as well as a few adults in the reading room.

You can use mobile phones to take phones as well.

8. That means you can drop in for a few minutes or you can stay as long as you like…

1) drop in “顺便走访”,后不能直接接名词或代词做宾语。At times, he drops in to have a talk with us.

We’d better drop in on our teacher who has been ill for days.

She often drops in at a café when she goes shopping.

2) as long as

The new pants are as long as the old ones.

You can’t play computer games as long as/ so long as you like.

* As long as you finish the work, you can have a rest.

9. Bath, in the southwest of England, is a very beautiful and interesting city…

Beijing is in the north of China.

Mongolia is on the north of China.

Japan is to the east of China.

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10, But if you want to enjoy everyday things, Bath also has a lot to offer…

Offer:

1) I offered him three useful books.

I offered three useful books to him.

2) Kate’s aunt offered to buy her a Barbie doll.

11. …, and three quarters of a kilometer from east to west,…

About two thirds of the students will attend the meeting.

考题链接：（2011呼和浩特中考）Nowadays_____of business letters are written in English.

A. two third B. two thirds

C. two three D. second three

(2011岳阳中考)

__ of the land is covered with trees and grass in Pingjiang, Yueyang.

A. Three fives

B. Three fifths

C. Three fifth

三.中考考点Upstairs

Downstairs

Cloakroom

Outdoors

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1．合成法：（1）合成名词①名词/代词＋名词chairman 主席　　postman 邮递员

girl friend 女朋友　　　 flowerbed 花坛 spaceship 宇宙飞船　　police-officer 警官②形容词＋名词blackboard 黑板　　　　　　supermarket 超级市场　　greenhouse 温室③动词的-ing 形式＋名词dining room 餐厅　　　　　　drinking water 饮用水　　sewing machine 缝纫机④名词＋动词的-ing 形式shoe-making 制作鞋子　　　letter-writing 写信　　　handwriting 书法dressmaking 做裙子　　　　story-telling 讲故事　　

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central heating 中央供暖（2）合成形容词①形容词/数词＋名词＋-ed

blue-eyed 蓝眼睛的　　　five-storeyed 五层楼的　　　　warm-hearted 热心的②名词＋动词的-ed 形式，这种-ed 也可以理解为动词的过去分词。man-made 人工制作的 snow-covered 被雪覆盖的 handmade 手工的　　　home-made 家庭制作

的　　③名词＋形容词ice-cool 冰冷的　　grass-green 草绿的

snow-while 雪白的　 top-heavy 头重脚轻的④形容词/数词＋名词full-time 全日的　part-time 业余的、兼职的 second-hand 二手的　first-class 一流的⑤形容词＋动词的-ing 形式good-looking 样子好看的　　hardworking 努力工作的⑥副词＋动词的-ed 形式well-received 受到欢迎的　　newly-founded 新修建的

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（3）其他合成词①合成代词everybody 每个人　　　　everyone 每个人　　　everything 一切事情anyone 任何人　　　　　 anybody 任何人　　　 anything 任何事情②合成介词outside 在……外面　　inside 在……里边　　　throughout 遍及2．缩写和简写①剪切原词的开始部分bicycle—cycle 　　　　　telephone—phone

②剪切原词的中间部分examination—exam 　laboratory—lab

WTO

UNESCO

NBA

PC

UN

CD

Module 6 Save the worldReduce

Reuse

Recycle

一.知识梳理1, waste n.&v. 浪费Doing such a job is a waste of time.

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Waste time/money (in) doing sth.

Let’s not waste any more time on it.

Don’t waste too much time in playing computer games.

2, energy n.能量Nuclear energy

an energy crisis

Electricity is a form of energy.

形容词：energetic

3, pollution n. 污染1）（不可数）污染At present, many people would rather live in the country because there is more pollution in the city. (2011

泰州中考)

Food safety is important. Rules must be made to stop food pollution.

2) (不可数) 污染物；垃圾The rivers are full of pollution.

The beach is covered with pollution.

Air / noise/ water/light pollution

Industrial pollution

Nuclear pollution

拓展：Pollute

Polluter

Pollutant

4, recycle v. 循环；再生；再利用The glass form bottles can be recycled.

We should recycle garbage.

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Recyclable

Non- recyclable

5, necessary

反义词： unnecessary

It is necessary + (for sb.) + to do sth.

It is necessary that ( should) do

There is still some milk in the fridge. It’s not necessary to go to the store today.

(2011 上海中考)

It is necessary that you should master the computer.

拓展：Necessarily

Necessity

6, repair

1) 修复；修理；修补Can you help me repair the bike?

(2011 本溪中考)

Will you please help me to repair the computer now? (2011 无锡中考)

2）补救；纠正Tom tried to repair his mistakes.

拓展：repair n. 修理；修补My bike is under repair.

7, cloth n. 布1) （不可数）布A meter of cloth

A cloth bag

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The plate is covered by a piece of cloth.

2) 专用布 a tablecloth

a dishcloth

Where can I find a cloth to wipe this water up?

8, sort v. 分类；挑拣Sort …into

Sort out

Please sort these files by date.

We are used to sorting out the rubbish before throwing them away.

拓展：Sort n. “种类；类别”She’s got all sorts of skirts.

What sort of music do you like?

9, harm n. 伤害Harm get, harm set. 害人害己。Smoking does harm to your health.

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Harm v. 伤害Don’t harm your eyes by reading in darkness.

拓展：Be harmful to

Harmless

10, product n. 产品1） 产品；产物Design a product

Native product

Home product

2) 结果，成果Kids are the best products of parents.

The book is the product of much work.

Metal

Hopeless

Plastic

china

Fashion

Material

Bottle

Boil

wildlife

二.方法规律1, He says, “I saw your enjoyable online magazine while I was doing my homework on favorite books.”

While 当……时候; 在……期间从句的动作必须是状态性或延续性，多用于进行时。While you are in the post office, can you get me some stamps?

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I was singing while she was dancing.

While

1) 连词 “而”He is strong while his brother is weak.

2) 名词 “一会儿”Please wait here for a while.

考题链接：

（2011齐齐哈尔中考）Jack likes reading a newspaper__ he is having breakfast.

A. while B. and C. because

2, In fact, there are thousands of green schools in China.

In fact= actually

In fact, we needn’t meet so early.

In fact, what you did did hurt him.

考题链接：（2010 巴中中考）Don’t blame your friends. Actually they don’t know the truth, either. (选出能替换划线部分的一项)

A. in all B. In fact C. In general

3, It’s wasteful to throw away glass, paper and metal, so every class collects reusable waste, sells it for

recycling…

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考题链接：（2011 沈阳中考）It is very important___people to have food and water every day.

A. for B. of C. with D. about

2) wasteful “浪费的”It is wasteful to keep the lights on.

拓展：

waste adj. “无用的；废弃的”The chair is made of waste wood.

3) throw away

We often throw away some things because they are no longer useful.

throw about 乱丢 throw up 抛起；呕吐 throw oneself into 投身于4，…and raises money to help students in poor areas.

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Raise money “筹钱；集资”Raise “举起；升起；饲养”There are many ways to raise money for charity.

I can’t raise the box.

5, Do you care about protecting the environment and saving energy?

Care about “在意；关心”I don’t care about his opinions.

I care about my friends.

Care for “喜欢；照顾，照料”We’d better care for each other and help each other.

Take care not to cut your fingers.

Her job was to take care of the sick kids.

考题链接：(2011 黄冈中考)

— Talking loudly in a library is impolite.

— In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public.

A. look after B. be careful

C. take care of D. look up

6. Do you open a window instead of turning on air conditioning?

Instead of offering a hand, he laughed at us.

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考题链接：

(2011 徐州中考)

We’ve got no coffee. Let’s have tea___.

A. either B. however

C. yet D. instead

7. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment.

The sudden heavy snow made a great difference to the harvest.

Her fever has made no difference to her dancing competition.

Can you tell me the difference between the two pictures?

There was not really much difference in their statements.

8, When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from

abroad.

1) 助动词强调动词,只用于肯定。I do know him.

The girl does like football.

I did go to your school.

2）If possible, please write to me as soon as possible.

He wanted to study overseas if possible.

3) It is good not to spit on the ground.

Her mum warned her not to drive after drinking.

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Tell Tom not to leave the lights on.

考题链接：（2011 苏州中考）— They said sorry to me, but I wouldn’t listen.

— It is foolish of you ___ others for their mistakes.

A. forgive B. not forgive

C. to forgive D. not to forgive

9. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.

Have you ever seen the movie called The Smurfs?

Mr. Wang is a teacher loved by his students.

考题链接：(2011 佛山中考) Do you have any shoes ___ can match the dress?

A. attracts B. attracted C. has attracted

10. Some of major issues they are involved with include climate change, forest management and fair trade

between countries of the world.

考题链接：（2011 玉林中考）— Excuse me, is there a library around here?

— Yes. It’s ___ the restaurant___ the supermarket.

A. between; and B. between; or

C. across; from D. next; to

三.中考考点Environmental

Hopeless

Wasteful

I. 常见前缀

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1. dis- 动词 un-/ im-/ in-/ ir- 形容词、副词 discover

unfriendly

irregular

2. re- 又，再 rebuild

retell

3. en-＋形容词或名词enable 　　 　enrich

enlarge 　　　　encourage

II.后缀①构成表示人的名词的后缀动词＋-er 表示人traveller 　　reader 　 hunter

动词＋-or 表示人actor 　　inventor visitor

名词＋-ese 表示人Chinese 中国人　　Portuguese 葡萄牙人　 Cantonese 广东人名词（或-al结尾的形容词）＋-ist 表示专业人员artist 艺术家　　　novelist 小说家　　　violinist 小提琴家②构成抽象名词与集体名词的后缀

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动词＋-ment : movement 运动　　judgment 判断　　　 announcement 口头通知

动词＋-ion/-sion/-ation/-cation: operation 手术　congratulation 祝贺　invention 发明名词/形容词＋-ship

friendship 友谊　

leadership 领导、领导职位 　hardship 艰难名词＋-hood

boyhood 男孩童年时代　

childhood 儿童时代

girlhood 女孩童年时代　动词＋-ing

building 建筑物、楼房　

dancing 舞蹈 feeling感觉　　meeting 会议、会见形容词＋-ness

kindness和蔼　　

sickness 疾病　

selfishness 自私53

形容词后缀

考题链接（2011上海中考）These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the ____immediately.

A. amusement B. development

C. environment D. government

(2011 南宁中考)

Mrs Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people_____.

A. friendly B. lovely

C. happily D. lively

Module 7 Australia

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Impression of AUS

Sunshine

Beaches

surfing

Wine

Avocado

Sushi

Weekly pay

Aussie English

一.知识梳理1. shark n.鲨鱼Fortunately, there are no sharks in these waters.

He was just about to dive when he saw the shark.

2. hand n. 协助，手(1) 协助，帮助need a hand 需要帮助 give a hand 提供帮助(2) 手He took the child by the hand

The cat in your hand is very nice (2011 滨州中考）by hand 手工制造 band in hand 手牵手shake hands握手 handful 少数，少量hand v. 传递给 hand sth. to sb.

Will you hand these tickets to TOM?

hand in 上交 hand out 分发55

hand down传递3. alongside prep.在..的旁边，沿着..

There were kangaroos that were jumping alongside the car on our way back from Uluru.

We brought our boat alongside their boat

There was a new butcher’s shop alongside the theater.

4.detail n. 细节(1) 细节If you are interested in the job,I’ll send you all the details.

(2) 详情The color in the picture is very good, but there’s too much detail

in detail 详细地

go into detail详细描述

detailed adj.详细的5, relative 家人，亲戚 a close relative

a distant relative

I have many relatives living in Australia.

拓展： relative

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adj. 相对的(无比较级)

They live in relative luxury.

6， spirit

1) 心灵；精神；灵魂He is dead, but his spirit lives on.

The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.

心有余而力不足。2） (可数) 情绪，态度，心态They are singing in high spirits.

3) (不可数) 志气；毅力Team spirit

7, similar adj. 相似的Cheng Long and Li Lianjie have much in common. And they often play similar roles in the movies.(2011 黄

石中考)

Your handwriting is very similar to mine.

The twins are similar to each other in many aspects.

similarity 相似， 相似之处 similarly 相处地8， expression

1) 短语“Shut up!” is not a polite expression.

2) 表达方式57

One of the difficulties we have in learning English is how to remember new words and expressions.

She gave him the present as an expression of gratitude.

3) (不可数) 表情；神色He had a puzzled expression on his face.

Beyond expression 无法形容Give expression to 表达；说明Without expression 毫无表情express

expressive

expressionless

9, temper 脾气 1) (可数/不可数) 脾气You must learn to control your temper.

2) (可数) 恶劣的心情；情绪 Be careful what you say to her— she’s got quite a temper.

In bad temper

Out of temper

Keep/lose one’s temper

10, Grey

Dark/ deep grey

Light/ pale grey

1)灰色的；灰白额a grey coat

grey hair

2)脸色苍白的His face turned grey as he heard the bad news.

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3)单调乏味的；无生气的；忧郁的To her, life seems grey and joyless.

Have a look at…

Grape

Lamb

Sheep

Helicopter

Purple

Sunshine

Lifestyle

Ancestor

mate

二.方法规律1, What are you up to?

Hey, what are you up to these days? I haven’t seen you for a while.

Up to

1) “从事于，胜任”,后常接表示工作的名词。He’s not up to the work.

2）“达到，多达”，后常接表示数量的词。I can take up to four people in my car.

3) “由……决定，由……负责”It’s up to you where to travel during our holiday.

2, I have to imagine that I’ve been there, and that I’m writing a letter to Mum and you.

1)

He had to be there tomorrow.

We don’t have to go to school on weekends.

I must remember to call my mum often.

You mustn’t waste your time.

考题连接：59

（2001益阳中考）— Susan, would you like to go hiking with us this afternoon?

— I’d love to, but I ___ study for a test.

A. may B. have to C. can

2) imagine

Can you imagine that you are standing on the stage instead of her?

I can’t imagine living without mobile phone.

She imagines herself to be a bird.

3, It’s like a huge sailing boat with water on three sides.

1) 介词，“像……一样” What’s the weather like today?

Don’t sing songs like that.

动词， “喜欢”She likes to stay up late for work.

She likes helping others.

2） with +名词+介词短语He came into the room with flowers in hand.

With smiles on face, he took a photo with us.

with+ 名词+ V- ed/ V-ing

She lay in bed with her eyes closed.

She walked back to the bus stop with him following her.

4, At the moment we’re staying near Uluru— that’s the Aboriginal name for Ayers Rock.

At the moment “此时，此刻”， 与现在进行时连用。

I’m busy at the moment, but I’ll do it later.

The weather is pretty good at the moment.

At that moment “在那时”， 用于过去时I didn’t buy the camera but I had no money on me at that moment.

A moment ago 60

a moment later

in a moment

for a moment

hang on a moment

5, …, and I was surprised at how big it was,….

1) Be surprised at

He is surprised at the news from the teacher.

We were surprised to see how welcome they were in the countryside.

I’m surprised that you think this way.

考题链接：（2011 昭通中考）I was very surprised when the alien went in to a souvenir shop.

Excited B. amazing C. relaxing D. amazed

2) How 感叹句How+ 形容词或副词+主谓How wonderful the performance is!

How fast he ran!

How+主谓How I wish I could fly

What 感叹句What a beautiful park it is!

What lovely dogs they are!

What yummy food it is!

考题链接：（2011哈尔滨中考）—The CCTV reported that Premier Wen Jiabao played basketball with some students on Children’s Day.

—______! And Premier Wen always encourages us to study hard and do more sports.

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A. What amazing news B. How amazing news

C. What an amazing news.

6, Because most Australians live near the coast, they love going to the beach, swimming and surfing.

I have to stay at home because I need to look after my sick brother. 直接原因Since it is late, I shall go home now.对已知事实提供理由As he was not ready in time, we went without him.

Something fell in, for I heard a splash. 补充说明或提供推断理由7, Everyone else thought it was very funny that my camel kept lying down…

Keep doing

Keep the fire burning, will you?

He kept me waiting for two hours.

Lie down

The cat was lying asleep beside me.

He lay down for a rest.

考题链接：

（2011 上海中考）As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others___ for a long time.

A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting

8, Many people that have been to Australia often say that Australia has more beaches than any other

country—about 7,000!

Jim is taller than the other students in his class.

Jim is the tallest student in his class.

比较：Jim is taller than any other student in his class.

Our teacher is taller than any student in our class.

9, It must have been a welcome change from the weather at home.

He must be happy about the result.

He must have been a brave boy when he was young.

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10, And you know, I didn’t feel like a visitor at all.

1) feel like “感觉像……”I feel like a fool.

2) “摸起来像……”This new man-made material feels like real leather.

2) “想要”I feel like going to bed.

Do you feel like a swim?

三.中考考点The camel that I rod had a bad temper.

The games that they love the most are cricket and rugby.

This is an animal that many people are afraid of.

That 作用：

可充当主语、宾语或表语，它能代替人也能代替物。That 前不能加介词。The man that is speaking is our teacher.

There are films (that) I’d like to see.

1.当先行词为 all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用 that而不用 which.

I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.

2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用 that, 不用 which.

He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.

3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用 that, 而不用 which.

The most interesting story that I’ve heard is from this book.

4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用 that, 不用 which.

The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.

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5.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用 that而不用 which.

Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?

6.在强调句型" It is ... that ..." 中,只用 that,不用 which.

It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.

7.当先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the right 等修饰时,关系代词用 that,不用 which.

That is the very thing that we can do.

It is the only book that he bought himself.

(2010 .河北中考) There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose

（2010 成都中考）Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning?

A.when B.what C.that

(2011桂林）37. The basketball ________ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.

A. that B. where

C. who D. when

(2011桂林）37. The basketball ________ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.

A. that B. where

C. who D. when

【浙江湖州】 21.— What kind of movies do you like?

— I like the movies ____ are about Chinese history.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. that

【2011•扬州】One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by foreigners is

the West Slender Lake.

A. what B. who C. that D. /

【2011四川达州】24.—Where did you go last week?

—I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house he was born in.

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A. that B. there C. who D. whose

【2011•四川南充】26. Is that the man_______ helped us a lot after the earthquake?

A. which B. who C. whom

【2011浙江杭州】23. Who is the man ______ is readin g a book over there?

A. that B. which C. whose D. What

【2011 山东临沂】24. Peter likes music _________is very loud and energetic.

A. that B. who C. whom D. /

Module 8 Photos

一.知识梳理1, expect

1) 盼望，指望Well, you can’t expect perfection.

You can’t expect to turn the clock back.

2) 预料；预计You arrived earlier than I had expected.

3) 认为，想I expect the book is a bit difficult for you.

搭配：I’m expecting his coming back.

She expected me to be on time.

I expect that you can focus on study.

拓展：Expectation

I’m trying to live up to my parents’ expectation.

2, pick up

I’ve just come to pick Tony up.

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The kids picked up many sea shells on the seashore.

He picked up Japanese when he was working in Japan.

They are trying to pick up information.

3, size

1) 规模，大小，尺寸change the size

average size

They don’t care about the room size.(2011肇庆中考)

Their army is about half the size of ours.

2) 型号；尺码There are all sizes of shoes in our store.

I take a size shoe.

拓展：Size v.按大小排列Please size the skirts from small to large.

4, category n. 类别，种类Plants here fall in ten main categories.

Categories of hurricanes (2011 南京中考)

The painting won first prize in the junior category.

5, movement

1) 运动 political movement

They started a movement to stop the smog.

2）动作I was impressed with the dancer’s graceful movements.

He was so badly hurt that even the slightest movements was painful.

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6, include

1) 包含，包括His duties include sending and receiving letters.

My job doesn’t include making coffee for the boss!

2) 把……算入；列为……的一部分There are ten people on our team if you include the coach in.

I include him among my friends.

Including vs. Included

The band played many songs, including some of my favorites.

Everyone went to see the movie, me included.

include vs. Contain

Include “包含，连……在内”， 指包括或容纳某东西成为整体的一部分，侧重于对比整体与部分 。

Contain“含有，里面有”，指某物容纳比其更小的东西，侧重所含的量与成分。The price of the book includes postage charges.

Does this box contains biscuits?

7, rich

1) 丰富的She is rich in inner feelings.

2)富有的 He is living a rich life.

3) 贵重的，豪华的This is a rich present.

rich and poor 穷人和富人 rich or poor 不管是穷人还是富人8，congratulation

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Congratulations on your success!

Congratulations to you on your graduation!

拓展： congratulate

He congratulated me on my award.

9, present

1) n. 礼物That Thank you note is the best present that I’ve ever received.

2) adj. 出席的，现在的The present situation is very dangerous.

How many people were present at the meeting?

3) v. 授予，赠送He presented a bunch of flower to the singer.

I quite like the idea he presented in class.

10, ceremony 典礼 a wedding ceremony

opening ceremony

closing ceremony

graduation ceremony

Shot

Kid

Historic

Beauty

Feature

Photographer

Frightened

Even though

二.方法规律1, The trouble is, I want to get some good photos, but I can’t see over people’s heads.

1) trouble68

I have some trouble in reading the letter because the handwriting is terrible.

We’re having some trouble with the car.

get out of trouble

get into trouble

be in trouble

make trouble

ask for trouble

2) over

“在……之上”A new bridge is being built over the river.

“（时间或过程）在……期间，在从事……的时候”Will you be at home over Christmas?

“（方向）越过，从一边至…..的另一边”The plane is flying over the Pacific Ocean.

2, It’s the band which gets everyone dancing.

Get sb./sth. doing

He has got the computer running for ten hours.

I got my shoes wet because of the rain.

Get the waste out,please.

He did get me into trouble.

He got us to make a plan.

We’ll get the work finished on time.

3, How did you get on?

Get on/along with sth/sb.

与某人相处；在某方面的进展My English study is getting on very well.

I get on well with my classmates.

Get on 上（车，船，飞机等）Here comes the bus! Be ready to get on!

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Get up

Get back

Get into

Get out

Get ready for

Get rid of

4, I got some great shots of the boy who plays the guitar on the left.

1) play the guitar/ violin/ piano

play basketball/ football/ chess/ cards

2)

The boy on the left is my brother, and the woman on the right is his mother.

5, Compared with other years, we received many more photos.

Compared with last year, I have had more success this year.

Compare this with that, and you’ll see which is better.

The boy compared his teacher to an angel.

6, There are four prized, so read on to find out who the winners are.

They walked on a little way without speaking.

The students are very tired, but they still study on.

She put the new dress on.

He went out in a hurry with the light on.

7, Her photos shows the size and the beauty of the square perfectly.

Show

1) v. 展示，给…..看Please show your license to me.

Please show me your license.

2) v. 上演，演出—Where is the film showing?

—It’s on at that cinema.

3) v. 表明His annoyance showed itself in his look.

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拓展： n. 表演；展示 She has her own chat show.

His art works are on show now.

8, He Zhong manages to show the movement and the sounds of this great new band, and the fun which

their fans are having.

1) manage to

We managed to make up for the lost time.

We managed to finish the work before the deadline.

manage 管理；控制She finds it not easy to manage the whole company.

I’m trying to figure out how to manage the naughty kids.

辨析： manage to do/ try to do

I manage to finish the work on time.

I tried to persuade her to stay, but she wouldn’t listen.

9,Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competition.

Thanks to your help, I can catch up with them.

Thanks for inviting us to the party.

Thanks to English, we can learn a lot from other countries.

We can learn a lot from other countries because of English.

10, He has agreed to present the prizes at the prize-giving ceremony at the end of this month.

present sth. to sb.

= present sb. with sth.

I’m pleased to present you with this small gift.

I’m pleased to present this small gift to you.

present “呈现，提出”The students are discussing how to present their ideas at tomorrow’s presentation.

考题链接

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1. （2011 青岛中考）— How is your English study?

— Not bad. But I ___ learning English grammar.

A. am interested in

B. am good at

C. have a little trouble

D. have no trouble

2. (2012陕西)

The workers in the Huashan Mountain have to ___ rubbish to keep the mountains clean.

A. turn up

B. pick up

C. mix up

D. give up

3. (2011 四川广元)

— Why are most children under too much pressure?

— Because their parents always compare them__ others.

A. with B. by C. to

4. (2011 烟台)

Ten people were killed in the traffic accident, _______(包括) two babies.

5. (2011遵义)

My father spends much money on books, ___ he’s not rich.

A. but B. because C. even though

6. (2012四川绵阳)

Excuse me, would you mind____your voices down, please?

A. to keep B. keeping

C. keep D. kept

三.中考考点72

He’s the photographer who won the Photo Competition last time!

The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.

Which “物”主语：The photo which was taken by him was the best.

宾语: The photos which I took won the first prize.

Who “人”主语：The woman who is waving at me is my teacher.

Whom做宾语：The girl who you met on campus is my sister.

关系代词只能用 which 的情况：1）当关系代词前有介词时This is the room in which he was born.

2)先行词为 that, those或被它们修饰时。What are those which are running over there?

3) 当句中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用 that,另一个用 which.

This is the book that I’ve bought from the bookshop which is near my house.

4)引导非限制性定语从句时。The sports meeting, which was held in our school, was a big success.

【2012天津】44. Please pass me the cartoon book _________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.

A. whom B. whose C. who D. which

【2012浙江湖州】21.—What kind of movies do you like?

—I like the move ______ are about Chinese history.

A. who B. whom C. whose D which

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【2012浙江嘉兴】21. Most students like the teachers understand them well

A. who B. when C. what D. which

【2012浙江衢州】27. — What are you looking for ?

— I'm looking for the pen________my father gave me last week.

A- who B. which C, whose D. whom

【2012 贵州黔东南州】29_ --- Do you know the girl_____ is helping the old woman.

-Oh, that's my sister,

A. whom B. whose C. who D. where

【2012 山东·东营市】26. Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company. His

death marked the end of an era (时代).

A. who B. whom

C. which D. /

【2012 广东省梅州市】35. Mr. Smith __________ is smoking is looking for________ she lost yesterday.

A. whom; which B. who; what

C. that; who D. which; where

【2011河南】( ) 33. Success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".

A. whom B. what C. who D. which

【2012 山东滨州】33. —What are you looking for?

—I'm looking for the ring ______my husband bought me last year.

A. that B. who C. whom D. it

【2012 山东泰安】38. I hate people ______ talk much but do little.

A. who B. which C. whose D. whom

Module 9 Cartoon Stories

一.知识梳理74

1, flash

1) 闪光 sudden flash

2)闪光灯

Use flash when it’s dark.

3) （新闻）快报News flash

a flash in the pan 昙花一现 in a flash很快；立即拓展：1）(闪光等)闪亮；一闪而过The lights of the cars flashed.

2) (及物) 使闪光；使闪耀Why is that driver flashing his lights?

3) 飞驰；掠过The days seem to flash by.

2，word

1）言语I don’t believe a word of his story.

Tell me what happened in your own words.

2) 字；词What does this word mean?

Tom has just finished writing a nine-hundred-word article. (2011四川资阳中考)

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3）（常用单数）消息；信息；谣言Await word from me.

There’s been no word from her for weeks.

Keep one’s word

Bread one’s word

Eat one’s word

Have a word with

Have words with

in a word

in other words

3, mess n. 混乱，杂乱 What a mess!

His room is in a mess.

Don’t mess up the kitchen.

I messed it up.

4, private

1) 私人的Private business

Private visit

Private letters

2) 私密的Don’t repeat what I’ve told you to anyone; it’s private.

3) 私有的；私营的If you go to a private hospital, you should pay.

5, lead

1）领导 lead a strike; lead an army

2) 带路; 领路；指引 They led us to the bus stop.

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3) 过生活We are leading a happy life.

6, rule

1) （不可数）统治The country is under military rule.

2) (可数) 规则；规章；规定You must obey the rules of the game.

No eating is one of the rules on public transport.

3) 常规As a general rule, women live longer than men.

拓展：v.

1) 统治；管治Gorge III ruled Great Britain for 60 years.

2) 裁定；判定The judge ruled that the witness should be heard.

7, common

1)常用的，常见的This is a common saying.这是常说的一句话2)一般的，平常的（无比较级）The common cold 一般感冒How will these changes affect the common man?

3)共同的，共有的A common danger causer common action.

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同仇敌忾We have only Earth .It is our common home.

(2011.宁夏中考)

【单词积累】commoner n.平民

commonly adv.通常地，常常地

commonness n.普通，平凡8, surface

1）表面The surface of moon 月球表面Rough surface 粗糙的表面The surface of the Earth has many pieces

（2011.百色中考）地球表面有很多板块2）水面，液体的表面Water surface 水面A strong wind swept the surface of the sea.

大风掠过海面3）外观，外表Beneath her self-confident surface, she’s quite unsure of herself.

9, experience

【名词】78

1）经历（可数）Pleasant experiences 愉快的经历I had a really strange experience last week

2）体验，经历（不可数）Experience is the best teacher.

Knowledge comes from experience alone.

【动词】 经历；体验You will experience a dream of fantasy.

拓展：She is an experienced teacher.

10, series 系列TV series like Growing Pains

(2011衡阳中考)

She is writing a series of stories on the life of the Chinese people.

over there

heaven

lovable

win the heart of

handbag

favorite

peach

boss

ever since

二.方法规律1, This is like a cartoon story.

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And the characters I like are heroes like Superman or Batman.

like 介词Her hairstyle is quite like mine.

He is very much like his father.

辨析：He was jumping here and there like a monkey.

He was dressed as a clown.

2, I can imagine every drawing in the cartoon, and I know what the ending will be.

3, This isn’t one of those cartoons which make you laugh.

We need someone like Superman who can save Tony.

I’ve got a camera which has got his name on it.

…, but perhaps it’ll be a cartoon which has a happy ending.

考题链接：（2011 资阳中考）— I hear that Lily’s brother is a worker here.

— Look, the man____ is working over there is her brother.

A. who B. whom C. what D. which

4, Could you tell him I’d like to have a word with him?

He told me his travel stories.

He told his travel stories to me.

后接双宾语的动词：

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七“给”，一“带” give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand, bring

5, If Tony tells his dad that he’s lost the camera he borrowed, he’ll be in deep trouble.

The sense of happiness will increase if you do what you like to do.

The sense of happiness depends on if you like what you do.

考题链接：（2011 广元中考）Don’t bring food to the party. If you___, I’ll take it away.

A. are B. do C. will

6, The heroes of popular cartoons are everywhere,…

everywhere 到处 用于肯定句The sweets went everywhere.

somewhere 某地 They are looking for somewhere to stay.

anywhere 某地，用于否定句或疑问句中；用于肯定句中，“在任何地方”Let’s go anywhere it is quiet.

nowhere 任何地方都不 There’s nowhere else I really want to go to.

7, Called Havoc in Heaven, it tells the story of a monkey who leads a group of monkeys against the rule of

the Emperor in heaven.

against:

1) 反对，对抗 The government has already adopted effective measures against piracy.

2) “违背，违反”What you have done is just against what you have said.

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3) “与……相反；迎着；顶着”She always advances against difficulties.

考题链接：(2011杭州中考)

She had to sell the house even though it was__ her own wishes.

A. above B. on C. against D. for

lead

She led the kid by the hand.

The news leads me to believe that they will come.

He led us to a room upstairs.

The path leads into the courtyard.

The flood leads to thousands of homeless people.

8, But it is above all the jokes played by the money that people remember.

It was the teacher’s words that moved me a lot.

It is Beijing that they will visit next week, not Nanjing.

9, “Havoc in Heaven” has become a common expression used by a parent or a boss when they return to

the house or office and see a mess.

When I come, I will let you know.

I will let you know when I will come.

10, Finally , Snoopy, Charlie Brown’s lovable dog who lives in his own private dream world, also had his

“50th birthday” celebrated by China’s Snoopy fans in 2000.

I’ll have the report sent to Mary tomorrow.

I had my computer repaired.

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三.中考考点定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词

的后面。

关系代词:

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1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.

A person who steals things is called a thief.

2. whom 指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)

The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.

The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.

3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)

These are the trees which were planted last year.

This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.

Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?

Is this the library from which you borrow books?

4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.

A plane is a machine that can fly.

He is the man. I told you about him.

He is the man (that) I told you about.

归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。 which,指物，作主语或宾语。 who, whom 指人,who 作主语,whom 作宾语。that, which, whom 在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1) A plane is a machine ___which/that____ can fly.

2) The car ____which/that_____ my uncle

bought last week was stolen.

3) The students ___who/that____ don’t study hard

will not pass the exam.

4) The woman ____whom/that___ you saw in

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the park is our English teacher.

Exercises

1. The books _that__ I borrowed from the library was newly published.

2. The ID card _which_ I lost last week was found in a supermarket.

3. The newspapers __which__ we have collected will be recycled.

4. Most of the cars __which__ were stolen have not been found yet.

5. The students __who__ are visiting the natural museum are very interested in the dinosaurs.

6. The girl __who__ is taking care of the baby is my aunt’s baby-sitter.

7. All the women __who__ were working in that factory had a day off on Women’s Day.

8. 吉姆住的房间看起来很漂亮 The room ___which Jim lives in___ looks very nice.

9. 那就是刚才偷我钱包的那个人 That is the man ____who stole my purse just now______.

10. 昨天抢银行的小偷被抓住了 The thieves ___who robbed the bank yesterday____ were caught.

11. He talked happily about the men and book___that___ interested him greatly in the school.

(which/that)

以下情况只能用 that

1 先行词既有指人又有指物2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有 the only, the very 等修饰时3 先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing 等不定代词4 主句是以who / which开头的特殊疑问句时Fill in the blanks:

1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle___that__ were in the fields.

2.The wind blew down the tallest tree __that__ is in front of our school gate.

3.This is the very thing _that__ I was looking for.

4.This is the second novel __that__ I have ever read.

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5.There is nothing in the world _that__ can frighten me.

6.Who is the man __that__ is reading under the tree?

7.My hometown is not the same one __that__ it used to be twenty years ago.

【2012 贵州贵阳】37. “What do you think of the school uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothes ______

make me feel comfortable.”A. that B. what C. who

【2012 广东】42. There will be a flower show in the park ______ we visited last week.

A. who B. when C. what D. Which

【2012 广西玉林】37. —Now many people smoke and get ill.

—So we should do something ______ can help stop smoking.

A. what B. who C. / D. that

【2012湖北十堰】38. One of the most delicious drinks _________ I like is orange juice.

A. which B. that C. whose D. whom

【2012湖北咸宁】29. We all like the story about the teacher _______ happened in our school last week.

A

A. which B. who C. whom D. what

【2012江苏南京】7. The English-Chinese dictionary ______ my father bought for me many years ago is still

of great value.

A. whose B. when C. who D. that

【2012 广东省梅州市】35. Mr. Smith __________ is smoking is looking for________ she lost yesterday.

A. whom; which B. who; what C. that; who D. which; where

【2012 山东泰安】38. I hate people ______ talk much but do little.

A. who B. which C. whose D. whom

28．Piano is a word________ was originally borrowed from Italian．A．where B．who C．which D．whose

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Module 10 Fitness

一.知识梳理1, fitness n. 健康 fit + ness

a magazine on health and fitness

They are doing exercises to improve their fitness.

fit

This dress isn’t fit for me.

He looks very fit.

2, ache

v.

My head aches.

I’m aching all over.

n. Headache backache

She has a terrible stomach. (2011黄冈中考)

I’ve got a bit of an ache in my back.

3, exercise

1）（不可数）（身体或脑部的）活动，锻炼，运动，常与 take, do, get 等动词连用。 open-air/outdoor activities

Swimming is good exercise.

All of us find it necessary to take exercise every day. (2011 乌鲁木齐中考)

2） （可数）练习；（保持健康或者培养技能的）一套动作Spelling exercises

Do morning exercises

拓展：How often do you exercise？

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（2011 广元中考）It’s important to exercise regularly .

考题链接：（2011 南充中考）He spends more than an hour________(锻炼) every day.

4, weight n. 重量She has been losing weight all these days.

Weigh

Out notebook computer weighs 5 pounds and costs about $2,000. (2011 扬州中考)

She weighed the stones in her hands.

5, unlikely

The project seemed unlikely to succeed.

It’s unlikely that the thieves will ever be caught.

拓展： unlike

1) 不像;与……不同She’s very unlike her mother.

2) (两个人或事物)不同的；不像的They are both teachers. Otherwise they are quite unlike.

6, interest

Does this book really interest you?

He has always interested himself in environmental protection.

Interest sb. in sth./ to do sth.

She is showing her interest in music.

take an interest in

with interest

develop an interest in

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考题链接：（2011 滨州中考）泰勒对科学很感兴趣，他想成为一名科学家。Taylor___________________________and he wants to be a scientist.

7, behave

1) 表现He behaved like a true gentleman.

She’s been behaving rather oddly.

2) 表现得体；有礼貌Behave (yourself)!

She doesn’t know how to behave in public.

8, persuade v. 说服Try to persuade him to come.

It will be difficult to persuade them that there’s no other choice.

9, ban 禁止Smoking has been banned in public places.

He was banned from the meeting.

After the accident, he was banned from driving.

There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office.

10, diet

1) (可数/不可数)日常饮食We can do a lot to stay healthy. First of all, we should eat a balanced diet.

In order to stay fit, people pay more attention to their diet.

2) (可数) 节食If you don’t go on a diet, it is impossible for you to lose weight.

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(2011 上海中考)

Ache

Weight

Bump (into)

Junk food

Sugar

Tasty

Menu

Educate

Typical

Advertise

二.方法规律1, Don’t give up if you want to stay fit.

1) He has given up the idea.

I advised him to give up drinking altogether.

2) FIT

Let’s take more exercise and stay fit.

I don’t think this color is fit for you quite well.

The house is so big that it is fit to play badminton.

The skirt is beautiful and it fits me well, so I like it very much.

考点链接（2011 梧州中考）We shouldn’t ___ our hopes. Everything will be better.

A. put up B. cheer up C. fix up D. give up

2. I think my dad guessed that I nearly lost it at the school dance.

Nearly “几乎，差不多”， 可用在 all, every 等词之前。The wind was so strong that people were nearly blown away as they waited for buses.

Nearly every building was damaged in the earthquake.

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考题链接：（2011 日照中考）The volunteer teachers in the rural areas are ___college students.

A. mainly B. nearly C. clearly D. freely

3. how often do you go running?

how long 多久（时间）；多长（长度）How far 多远（距离）How soon 多久以后（将来的时间点）How many 多少How much 多少考题链接（2011 南平中考）— ___ do you go to a movie?

— Once a week.

A. How often B. How long C. How soon

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4, Jamie Oliver is a young cook who wants to improve school dinners.

Improve

1) We’ll try our best to improve the friendship between our two countries.

2) Wine improves with age.

5, Junk food isn’t just bad for the body.

在暗的地方读书对眼睛有害。6，When Jamie took vegetables into class, the children didn’t know what they were.

Please take the rubbish away.

You’d better take your umbrella along.

辨析：Please take the empty box away.

Bring your homework to school.

Please fetch some books.

7, Jamie realized that the children didn’t know about healthy food.

1) realize

He didn’t realize the seriousness of her illness.

She didn’t realize that she drank too much.

2) know about 了解，知道……的情况I happened to know about him

There is one or two things I’d like to know about.

8, He cooked healthy meals for them including meat, rice, pasta and vegetables, but a lot of the teenagers

refused to eat the new food.

It never occurred to me that he would refuse.

I don’t think he will refuse me.

She was refusing his gift.

My legs refused to carry me futher.

9, So I had better start a fitness program.

You’d better be careful.

You’d better not go there alone.

考题链接：92

(2011 上海中考)

You had better___ because you have to drive back home.

A. not drinking B. not drink

C. don’t drink D.not to drink

10, Please either swim in it or even drink it…

Either you or I am right.

Under such conditions, we can either advise him to stop the experiment or see a failure in the end.

I’d like either a cup of tea or water.

Not only the students but their teacher is a fan of the movie.

There is a bed, a computer and some books in my room.

考题链接：(2011 黄石中考)

___ Lisa ___ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home to take care of the dog.

A. not only; but also B. Neither; nor

C. Both; and D. Either; or

三.中考考点He’s the person whose camera I nearly lost.

Jamie is a cook whose ideas are changing school dinners.

1, whose + n . 可作主语，宾语，功能与 which , whom (who )相同。如：

Mr King , whose legs were badly hurt , was quickly taken to hospital .

The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident .

2, whose 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。如：

My uncle whose office we have just passed , is a lawyer .

Once there was a wise king whose name was Alfred .

3, whose 代指\"……的\"，既可以指人，也可以指物。如：

Look at the building , whose roof is white .

The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south .

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4, whose 表所属关系指物时，可与 of which 转换，词序一般是：名词+ of which

Look at the building , the roof of which ( = whose roof )is white .

The girl lives in the house , the windows of which ( = whose windows )face south .

5, whose 不可与 of which (whom )转换的情况。

当 of 不具有\"所属\"含义时，（如在 hear of , be proud of , be fond of , be full of 等短语中，of 均不表

\"所属\"关系），只能用 of which (whom) 或 which (whom , who )… of ，切不可盲目用 whose 。如：

Mary has been married to a scientist of whom you may have heard.

She has a clever boy of whom she is proud .

6, 当与数词或代词（如 some, many, little 等）连用表示部分与整体关系时，通常不可用 whose, 只能

用 of whom或 of which.

There are 30 students in our class, 10 of whom are from America.

7, 凡是修饰定语从句的主语是表示同位关系的代词 both, all 等时， 切不可用 whose.

I have two pen friends, both of whom were foreigners.

【2012湖北随州】35. —There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?

—The one ______hat is yellow.

A. who B. whose C. that D. which

【2012湖北十堰】38. One of the most delicious drinks _________ I like is orange juice.

A. which B. that C. whose D. whom

【2012江苏南京】7. The English-Chinese dictionary ______ my father bought for me many years ago is still

of great value.

A. whose B. when C. who D. that

【2012 山东泰安】38. I hate people ______ talk much but do little.

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A. who B. which C. whose D. whom

28．Piano is a word________ was originally borrowed from Italian．A．where B．who C．which D．whose

Module 11 Population

一.知识梳理population n.人口The population of the world is still growing now.

One third of the world’s population consumes/consume two thirds of the world’s resources.

A city with a population of almost two million

【短语】population explosion 人口爆炸 population growth 人口增长 the rural/urban population 乡村/城市人口【单词积累】popular adj. 流行的；受欢迎的crowd n.人群【含义】①（可数）一群，人群I saw a crowd of children in the backyard.

He looked out over the crowd and smiled.

② 一堆a crowd of insects

I saw a crowd of magazines and newspapers on her desk.

【拓展】crowd v.挤满；将……塞进；使……拥挤◇thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.

3. Increase v.增长95

【例句】◇ The sense of happiness will increase if you do what you like to do.

◇ travel increase one’s knowledge of the world.

【拓展】increase n.增大；增加；增长an increase in numbers 数量增加price increase价格上涨4, smoke n.烟雾 v.吸烟名【含义】①（不可数）烟；烟雾The room was full of cigarette smoke.

房间里被抽烟的人弄得烟雾腾腾。②“（可数）吸烟；抽烟”，通常用单数形式。I am sorry I went out for a smoke. I was very tired.

抱歉，我出去抽支烟，我太累了。动【含义】①（不及物）吸烟；抽烟◇—May I smoke here? 我能在这抽烟吗？ —No. You are not allowed to smoke in the public places.

不能，公共场所不允许吸烟。②（及物）吸（烟）；抽（烟）He was smoking a large cigar.

他正抽着一只大雪茄。【短语】give off smoke放出烟雾 heavy/thick smoke浓烟 enjoy/have/take a smoke抽一支烟

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【单词积累】smoking n.吸烟，抽烟 smoker n.吸烟者 smoky adj.烟雾弥漫的 smokeless adj.（燃烧时）

不产生烟的，无烟的 5, ercent n.百分之一

【用法】percent符号为%，与数词连用时，应置于数词之后。percent of…做主语时，若其后的名词为

单数或不可数名词，则谓语动词一般用单数形式，若其后的名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。

提问百分之几应用疑问词 what。【例句】This company can only supply 30 percent of what we need.

这家公司仅能提供我们所需要的百分之三十。More than 70 percent of the country’s population is younger than 25.

这个国家 70%以上的人口在 25岁以下。65 percent of children play computer games.

65%的孩子玩电脑游戏。【拓展】percent adj. 百分之……（的）◇ a 15 percent rise in price价格上涨 15%

percent adv.百分之……（地）House prices rose five percent last year.

去年房价上涨了百分之五。

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5, appointment n.约定

【含义】①约会；约定The director won’t see you unless you have an appointment.

Can I make an appointment to see the manager?

②任命，委派；职务，职位He got his appointment as principal at the new school.

他接到了新学校担任校长的任命。I believe he will get a good appointment.

我相信他会获得一个好职位的。6, crime n.犯罪

【含义】①（不可数）犯罪活动；不法行为the fight against crime

It is the job of the police to prevent crime.

②（可数）罪，罪行commit a crime犯罪—It has been written into law that drunk driving can be a crime.

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—I quite agree. We had better be careful not to break the law.

③（可数）不道德的行为；罪过It is a crime to waste so much money.

【短语】a life of crime犯罪生涯 crime rate犯罪率 crime against 对……的犯罪 serious/violent crime严

重的/暴力犯罪 crime wave犯罪高潮 crime record 犯罪记录【单词积累】criminal adj. 犯罪的；犯法的；涉及犯罪的 n.罪犯7, law n.法律【用法】①作“（针对某项罪行、协议等的一条）法律；法规”讲时，为可数名词。其后可接介词

against，on。According to the new traffic laws, people mustn’t drive after drinking wine or beer.

There are laws against drinking in the street.

The government has introduced some tough new laws on food hygiene.

②law 表示法律的统称时，为不可数名词，其前多加定冠词 the。Drunk driving is against the law now. it must be forbidden.

③law 还可以作“规律，定律”讲，为可数名词。the law of gravity万有引力定律the law of supply and demand供求规律【短语】above the law凌驾于法律之上 break/against the law违法 become law 成为法律 by law依据法

律 obey the law守法【单词积累】lawful adj.法定的；法律承认的；合法的 lawless adj.不法的 lawmaker n.立法者 lawyer n.

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律师8, add v.增加【含义】①（及物）添加；增加If you add some lemonade and sugar, the dish will be much tastier.

The soup isn’t salty enough. Please add more salt to it.

②（及物）补充；续说I’ll add a few words when you finish.

He added that he felt tired.

③（及物）“将……相加”，常与 up或 together 连用If we add these marks up, we’ll get a total of 90.

Add the two figures together.

10, fault n.错误【用法】①“（不可数）错误；过错；过失”，常用与 it’s (not) sb.’s fault that…表示“……（不）是

某人的过错”；be sb.’s fault for doing sth.表示“是……的过错做了某事”。fault 不与make搭配使用，

而常与 have或 commit搭配。It’s your own fault for being careless.

Every man has his fault.

One man’s fault is other man’s lesson. 。②（可数）弱点；缺点I love her for her faults as well as for her virtues

【短语】merits and faults优缺点 a common fault 常见的错误 a grave fault严重的过失 commit/correct a

fault犯/改正错误 find fault with sb.挑剔某人的毛病100

【单词积累】faultless adj. 无错误的

二.方法规律1, What’s the population of Beijing?

【用法 1】 population是一个集合名词，常与定冠词 the 连用，通常不用复数。做主语时，谓语动词

常用第三人称单数形式。询问某地的人口数量有“多少”要用 what或 how large。The population in these villages has grown faster these years.

What’s the population of the small village?

How large is the population of the world now?

【*拓展】 population与分数或百分数连用做主语时，指整体人口中的一部分，表示的是复数概念，

谓语动词要用复数形式。◇ There a half of the population are illiterate.

◇ About 5 percent or more of the population in these area have such diseases.

【用法 2】 表示“某地有多少人口”的表达方式有如下两种：①the population of+某地+be+数词（该句型中 population前用定冠词 the）②某地+has a population of+数词+（people）（该句型中 population前用不定冠词 a）The population of the world is more than 6.5billion now. = There is a population of more than 6.5 billion in

the world.

【用法 3】 表示人口“多或少”时，要用 large/great或 small，而不用 much或 little。China has the largest population in the world.

Which city has a smaller population, Guangzhou or Haikou?

2, How about another “homework help”?

再来一期“作业辅导”怎么样？【要点】 another 的用法

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【用法 1】 another 意为“另一个，又一个”，常用于指三者或三者以上中的另一个，后长接单数名

词或代词。Have another piece of cake.

This coat is too large for me. Could you take me another one?

【用法 2】 another 常用于“another+数词+名词的复数形式”结构中，表示“再有几个……”，相当

于“数词+more+名词的复数形式”。They had three goals in the first half, and another two in the second.

3, There are too many people and there is not enough space, and there is too much traffic, noise and

pollution.

【要点】 too many与 too much 的用法【用法】 too many, too much均表示“太多”，但 too many 后面接可数名词的复数形式，而 too much

后面则要接不可数名词。There are too many children in the room. We don’t have enough sweets, I think.

I have too much pleasure to meet you.

【知识归纳】（1）可做状语修饰动词，常放在动词后。◇ Jack had drunk too much in the party.

（2）可做代词，在句中做宾语。◇ We learned too much from the experience.

【*拓展】 much too 的用法much too 为程度副词，意为“太……”，修饰形容词或副词，放在所修饰的词前面。He has worked too much, so he is much too tired.

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4, Along with the crowds, the smoke, and the transport problems.

还有人口、烟雾以及交通问题。【用法】 along with是固定短语，相当于 together with，意为“连同；跟……一起”，常在句中做状

语。连接两个名词或代词在句中做主语时，谓语动词要与前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。Along with alcohol, Tobacco is taxed in most countries.

Jane, along with her friends, is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

The twins, along with her classmates like English very much.

5, Let’s look up some facts…

让我们看一些事实吧。【要点】 look up 的用法

【用法】 look up 意为“查阅”，指在词典或参考书中查阅。Look up 后接名词或代词作宾语，若宾语

为代词，必须放在两者之间，若宾语是名词，则放在中间或后面均可。Please look up a fast train to New York.

There are some new words in the lesson. Please look them up.

【*拓展】 look up还可以表示“（抬头）向上看”。◇ The clerk looked up from his desk and frowned.

【知识归纳】

look up 查阅，向上看 look over仔细检查 look out当心 look after 照顾，照料 look at 看 look for寻找

look through浏览 look like 看起来像 look out of 向……外看6, You know the school prize-giving’s coming up next week…你知道，学校的颁奖活动下周就要开始了

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【要点】 come up 的用法【用法】 come up 表示“进行；举行；发生”等。Come up 常单独使用，后面一般不接宾语。Come up

还可以表示“走上前，走近”。当表示走进某人或某物时，后常接“to+宾语”。There is a film coming up next week.

A woman dressed in white came up to me.

7, That’s thanks to my “Homework Help”.

那要归功于我的“作业辅导”。【用法】 thanks to 意为“幸亏；由于；归功于”，强调 to 后面的内容，暗含没有其不行的意思。后

接名词、代词、动名词，不能接动词原形；相当于 because of。Thanks to his stepmother he secured a good education.

Thanks to John we arrived three hours late.

【*拓展】 thanks for 意为“因……而感谢”，for 后常接感谢的原因或内容，强调“感谢”。◇ Thanks for having us, Joe------we’ve had a lovely time.

8, That big table takes up too much space in my small kitchen.

那张大桌子在我的小厨房里占了太多空间。【用法 1】 take up 为固定短语，表示“占据时间、空间”等。It can take up the whole afternoon to prepare a meal.

【用法 2】 take up还可以表示“开始从事”，尤指职业。More people are beginning to take up the cause of children’s rights.

【知识归纳】take off起飞；脱下

take away拿走；带走

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take out (of)（从……）拿出

take care of 照顾；照看9, What changes have there been to your town or city over the last 50 years?

近 50 年来，你所在的城镇或城市发生了什么变化？【要点】 over the last 50 years 的用法

【用法】 over the last 50 years 意为“近 50 年来”，常与现在完成时态连用。相当于 in/during the past

50 years.

He has been to Jinan three times on business over the last two weeks.

For the past few days he has been ill.

It’s difficult to run a big city, and to protect people from crime.

管理一个大城市，保护人们不受侵害是件很艰巨的工作。【用法】 protect 意为“保护”，跟及物动词，后接名词或代词作宾语，可用于被动结构；常用于

“protect…from/against…结构中，表示“保护……不受……的侵害”A football player wears a helmet to protect his head.

May God protect you.

This medicine will protect you from/against a return of the illness.

These tree belts effectively protect the farmland against shifting sand.

考题链接：1） （2012 宜昌中考）— ___ the doctors, the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger.

— We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future.

A. in front of B. Thanks to

C. As for D. Across from

2) (2011 潍坊中考)

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— Which city has ___population, Shanghai, Hong Kong or Qingdao?

— Shanghai, of course.

A. the smallest

B. the least

C. the most

D. the largest

3, (2011 黄冈中考)

— whose T-shirt is this?

— It ___ be John’s. It’s ___ small for him.

A. can’t; much too

B. can’t; too much

C. mustn’t; much too

D. mustn’t; too much

4, (2012 广安中考)

— Guang’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it？— Yes. There are about two ____ visitors here every week.

A. thousands of

B. thousands

C. thousand

三.中考考点冠词的种类：1、不定冠词：a,an

2、定冠词：the

3、零冠词：\

-Shall we pay___ visit to Expo 2010,Shanghai?

-No, I’d rather stay at home and play ____ football.106

（2010河南）A. a, the

B. the; a

C. 不填，the

D. a,不填(2007)

( ) --Why did you laugh just now?

--Ted wanted to tell us ____very funny story, but he forgot _____end himself.

A. a; an B. the; the

C. a; the D. the; a

(2008)

( ).—How do you like your holiday in Mount Yuntai?

—We enjoyed it very much.________sight is very beautiful.

A. A B. An

C. The D. /

冠词用法口诀：冠词分定冠不定冠不定冠词 a与 an

a, an含义表泛指特指必须 the 在先方位次序最高级人或事物再次谈独一无二和乐器姓氏复数普专前

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以上加 the记心间下面说谈冠词免学科球类三餐饭星期月份季节节日前特殊用法单独记：1.感叹句里 a与 an, “不可”和

“复”不用冠。2.选择 a;an其后发音是关键f,l,m,n,s,x,u,hour, honest

3.固定搭配记心间不定冠词的用法：1、a(an)用于单数可数名词前,an 用于以元音音标开头的单词前。如：a book;an apple; a UFO; an “m”

2、具有“一个…”的意思。如：I ate a banana.

It is a cold day.

说话人不是在指“这个香蕉”或”那个香蕉“，只是说吃了一个香蕉。3、泛指，说明名词的种类，是一个整体的符号。

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如：A horse runs faster than a sheep.

A banana is yellow.

说话人在谈论任何香蕉，所有的香蕉。注：使用单数可数名词一定要加：1、a/an/the或 2、this/that或 3、his 等物主代词。如： I drove a car.

I drove the car.

I drove that car.

I drove his car.

4、固定搭配have a good time; quite a few;

have a cold; in a hurry;

for a while; keep a diary;

do sb a favor; give sb a call/ ride…

定冠词 the 的用法：1、特指，具有“这”或“那”的意思。当说话人与听者都知道所说的具体东西时。如：Thank you for the banana.

2、表示动物的种类。The whale is the largest mammal on the earth.

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3、独一无二的事物：如：the sun,the moon, the earth,

the universe

4、用于乐器名称前。如：the piano, the violin ;

the guitar

5、用于单数的发明物前。如：Who invented the wheel?

…the telephone,the refrigerator,the airplane

6、用于序数词、最高级前。in the twentieth century; the best students

但不表顺序，表示“又一、再一”时，序数词前加“a或 an”.

Why not try a second time?

7、用于表示计算单位的名词前。如：He was paid by the hour.

8.用于姓的复数前,表示一家人。如：the Browns

9. 与某些形容词连用表示一类人。The rich should help the poor.

10. 名词后有修饰语时，通常要加 the.

Do you know the university student who is talking to Joe?

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11.固定搭配in the end; at the age of; by the way; on the other side of; all the time; at the moment; in the middle; at

the same time; at the end of…

零冠词的用法：1、用于复数可数名词前，表示类别。如：Horses are useful animals.

There are pencils, pens and books on the desk.

2、用于球类运动、棋类游戏前。如：play football, play chess, play bridge

3、用于物质名词或抽象名词前。如：Can man live without air?

Our country is very rich in oil.

Does she like music?

George is a man of great strength.

4、表示头衔、职位的名词前。如：Who is captain of your team?

What’s wrong, Granny?

5、地理名词前。如：North America,Hunan Province

6、专有名词＋普通名词前如：Beijing Airport, Buckingham Palace, Nanjing Road, Zhongshan Park

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7、节假日，四季，月份，星期几前一般不用冠词。如: April 1st is Fool’s Day

8、名词已作定语用的 this, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every 等代词时不用冠词。9、三餐饭、学科名词前用零冠词。 We all like science.

They went to school without breakfast .

10、在某些固定词语中，名词前也常不用冠词。by train/take a train ; day and night; in trouble; on time; face to face; in bed; on

show/duty/watch/business; at first/last; at noon/night; at school/work…

不定冠词的特殊位置：a building, a tall building.

1.如果名词前用了 many, such,what 等词修饰时，用：many a (an)…, such a (an)…, what a (an)…。many a student; such a tall tree;

What a tall tree it is!

2、so+形容词+a(an)…；too+形容词+a(an)…；as+形容词+a(an)…+as…,how+形容词+a (an)…。so tall a tree; too big a hole; as heavy a box as that one; how easy a question

3、遇到 quite, rather 时，a (an)一般位于其后，语序为：quite a (an)…, rather a (an)…。冠词的重复与省略1.the teacher and the writer

2. the teacher and writer

3.both the teacher and the writer

有无冠词的区别1. go to school/ go to the school

2. go to bed/ go to the bed

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3. in hospital/ in the hospital

4. at table / at the table

5. in class/ in the class

6. go to church/ go to the church

7. in future/ in the future

8. by sea/ by the sea

9. in bed/ in the bed

10. next year/ the next year

11. on earth/ on the earth

12. a number of/ the number of

1.I have ____notebook and two pens in my bag.

_____notebook is for you.(2010)

A.a;A B.the;A C.the;A D .a;The

2.My grandpa used to play _____ violin after dinner,

but now he is used to playing _____ chess with me.

(2009)

A. 不填；a B. the;不填 C. the; the D. the; a

3.I think it’s ____useful advice,so I will always

remember it.(2008)

A.a B.an C.the D.不填4.Tom has ______honest face,and in fact,he never

tells lies or plays tricks on others.

A.a B.an C.the D./

Module 12 Summer in LA

一.知识梳理1, accommodation n. 住处

1）住处；办公室Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.

2) 住宿113

More and more travelers are looking for B& B accommodations in private homes.

Accommodate v. 容纳；为……提供住宿2，shorts n. 短裤A pair of shorts

She put on a pair of shorts and a T-shirt.

trousers, pants, jeans, scissors, glasses, shoes,

chopsticks

3, guest n. 客人1) 客人We have guests staying this weekend.

2) 旅客This hotel has accommodation for 500 guests.

3) 客串演员Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome tonight’s special guest.

Guest of honor 贵宾Be my guest 请便；随便Guest house/room 客房4, course 课程1) 课程An English course

She took a course in economy.

2) （船或飞机的）航线The plane is on course.

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3) 江河流向The Yellow River takes its course to the east.

4) 一道菜The first course was soup.

5, host

1） 主人In LA Lingling lived with the Smiths and got on well with the host family. (2011 佛山中考)

2） 节目主持人Many of my classmates think Wang Han is the most popular host in Hunan TV Station. (2011怀化中考)

Host v. 主持；举办- What do you think of the activities hosted by the school?

- I love them.

6, passage

1) 一段，一节Read the following passage and answer the questions below.

2) 通道；走廊A dark narrow passage led to the main hall.

3) 通道We forced a passage through the crowd.

7, progress n.

1） 进展，进程John, work hard and you will make much progress. (2011 重庆中考)

2） 前进；进行115

There wasn’t much traffic so we made good progress.

Progress v.

The course allows students to progress at their own speed.

Make slow/steady/rapid progress

In progress

8, arrange v.

1） 安排Can I arrange an appointment for Monday?

I’ve arranged for a taxi.

I’ve arranged for him to attend the meeting.

= I’ve arranged that he (should) attend the meeting.

2) 排列；整理Arrange the flowers in a vase

9, application n.

Application letter

Make an application by letter/ in person

A formal/written application

An application for admission to a university

Apply for

Apply to

Applicant

10, address

1) 地址Here is my address.

2)讲话；演说The president is to deliver a televised address to the country.

3) 称呼How can I address you?

Well-trained

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Experienced

Various

Organize

Place of interest

Fill in

Form

Length

Book

Check in

二.方法规律1, The whole class is behind us.

The whole group were sad for the failure.

2, Ladies and gentleman, welcome to our school prize-giving. Please give a warm welcome to Becky Wang!

Welcome to our new house!

Welcome here!

They gave us a warm welcome.

You are always welcome.

A welcome guest.

3, You’re flying..to Los Angels!

We’re arrving in Shanghai tomorrow.

fly to 飞往……My father flies to England three times a year.

4, …the good news is …you’re coming to watch Crazy Feet record its latest CD.

1) Watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事。117

Watch, see, notice 等感官动词，后接不带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语。I watched him enter the office, but I didn’t watch him out.

Watch,see, notice 接 doing sth. 作宾语，表示看到某人正在做某事。I watched Mr Brown working in the garden just now.

考题链接：（2011 盐城中考）I saw Li Ming____ near the river on my way home.

A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played

2)

This is her latest novel.

He was late for the meeting.

Later, he left home and found a job in Beijing.

I haven’t played piano lately.

5, But I haven’t got anything to wear.

She was still wearing her thick coat.

Put on your coat and scarf.

He is dressing the baby.

The girl in blue is my sister.

考题链接：（2011 济宁中考）Most British high school children___ uniforms at school.

A. wear B dress C. put on D. dress up

6, We provide summer English courses which are the best you can find.

We are able to provide accommodation for two students.

= We are able provide two students with accommodations.

It is said that the party will provide food and drink .

Provide against 为…..做好准备；预防……We should try to provide against the return of bird flu.

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Provide for 提供…,供养It is our duty to provide for our parents.

7， You will enjoy coming to Los Angeles to learn about American culture an improve your English at the

same time.

Let me enjoy the football game a few minutes.

In her spare time she enjoyed reading novels or going to the park.

We enjoyed ourselves during the holidays.

考题链接：（2011上海中考）- I’m leaving for Canada on a study trip next week.

-____.

A. Enjoy your time B. That’s all right.

C. You’re welcome D. It’s a pleasure.

8, The course must be paid for one month before it begins.

How much did you pay?

I’ve paid the construction workers.

I’ll pay you a visit next week.

Pay for 支付；赔偿Pay back 偿还Pay up 付清考题链接：（2011 淄博中考）- How nice your watch is! How much did you __ for it?

— 120 yuan.

A. pay B. cost C. spend D. take

9, By the end of the course, students will have made lots of new friends— and good progress in English.

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By the end of this term, we have learnt 20 English songs.

At the end of meeting we saw an American film.

We should go on with the work to the end.

We won the game in the end.

考题链接：（2011上海中考）By the end of last month, I ___ all the CDs of Justin Biber.

A. collect B. collected

C. have collected D. had collected.

10, I’m having a good time, but I wish my whole family were here with me.

That’s what I have always wished.

I wish to leave my property to my children.

He wished he were much younger.

三.中考考点My new trousers are a bit tight.

The New Standard team gets the special prize.

The students, with the host family, was invited to a welcome party when he arrived at the city.

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。

2、由 and或 both……and 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数.　但并列主语如果指的是同一

人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer has come.

3、由 and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由 each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例

如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

4、主 语是单数 时 ，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ， as well as ， together with along

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with，like 等引导的介词短语时 ，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例如：The women with two children

is my aunt .

注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived.

5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如 people, police, cattle, clothes 等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

6、集体名词 family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动

词用复数。

7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，

谓语动词用单数形式。

The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》

8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics 等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.

9、“the +形容词”(如 the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)

作主语，谓语动词往往用复数

10、由 each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。

11、有两部分构成的物体的名词，如 glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动

词用复数。

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注意：如果这类名词前用了 a pair of 等，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于 pair 的单复数形式。

例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.

My new pair of socks is on the bed.

12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

13、不定代词由 all, most, more, some, any, none 作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动

词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不

可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 All of the work has been finished.

All of the people have gone.

14,连词 not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如

果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。

15, There be 句型、以 here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

16, a number of 后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但 the number of 后面加复数名词或代

词时，其谓语用单数。

17, “one or two +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。

18,many a ＋单数名词 (许多……) ； more than one ＋单数名词(不止一……)作主语，尽管意思是复

数，但谓语动词还是用单数。122

注意： “more than +基数词＋复数名词”结构或“more ＋复数名词＋ than one做主语时，谓语用

复数。 Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.

More members than one are against your plan.

19, 在定语从句中主语是关系代词 who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

　　This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.

　　He was the only one of the students who was late for school.

1, Each of the students______ a dictionary.

　　A. have B. is C. are D. has

2, How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.

　　A. have B. has C. is D. are

3, Not only his parents but also his brother ________to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.

A. have been B. have gone

C. has been D. has gone

4, Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.

A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers

C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers

5, The Smiths ______ sending e-mails _______ letters.because it is faster.

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　　A.prefer, to writing B.prefer，to write

　　C.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write

6, Everyone except Bill and Jim ______there when the meeting began.

　　A. was B. is C. are D. were

7, Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

　　A.were B.is C.are D. was

8, Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything ______.

A. are changed B. was changed

C. has changed D. had changed

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