Reproduction Quick Notes
Sexual reproduction: Involves sperm & egg,
Creates unique offspring with 50% DNA from mom, 50% DNA from dad
(In humans: Receive 23 chromosomes from mom, 23 from dad = 46 total)
- Male sex cell = sperm formed in testes (testicles)
-Female sex cell = egg or ova/ovum formed in ovaries
Note: The sperm (male gamete) determines the sex of the baby.
- Science word for sex organ = gonad.
- Science word for sex cell = gamete.
-Process of producing gametes = gametogenesis
- When sperm meets egg, the product is called a zygote.
- Process of sperm meeting egg is called fertilization.
-Cell division that creates sperm & egg = meiosis (haploid cells)
Chromosome number is cut in half (2n n)
(n = 1 set of chromosomes, 2n = 2 sets of chromosomes)
Meiosis requires 2 cell divisions. Results in 4 different daughter cells:
Asexual reproduction: Involves one organism becoming two;
Creates identical offspring with 100% DNA from single parent
Types of asexual reproduction:
-Binary fission = splitting in two (ex. bacteria)
-Budding = when a 2nd organism grows off the first
(ex. yeast, hydra)
-Fragmentation = when a piece falls off and then re-grows
(ex. starfish, hydra)
-Vegetative propagation = when a plant sends out a root that becomes another plant (ex. strawberries)
-Sporulation = when mold sprays its DNA and it grows again
-Cloning = When humans insert the DNA of one animal into a blank egg and create an identical version of the first animal
-Cell division that creates identical body cells, bacteria, yeast, or fungi cells = mitosis (diploid cells)
Chromosome number remains the same (2n 2n)
(n = 1 set of chromosomes, 2n = 2 sets of chromosomes)
Mitosis requires 1 cell division. Results in 2 identical daughter cells:
Reproduction Quick Notes
Sexual reproduction: Involves sperm & egg,
Creates unique offspring with 50% DNA from mom, 50% DNA from dad
(In humans: Receive 23 chromosomes from mom, 23 from dad = 46 total)
- Male sex cell = sperm formed in testes (testicles)
-Female sex cell = egg or ova/ovum formed in ovaries
Note: The sperm (male gamete) determines the sex of the baby.
- Science word for sex organ = gonad.
- Science word for sex cell = gamete.
-Process of producing gametes = gametogenesis
- When sperm meets egg, the product is called a zygote.
- Process of sperm meeting egg is called fertilization.
-Cell division that creates sperm & egg = meiosis (haploid cells)
Chromosome number is cut in half (2n n)
(n = 1 set of chromosomes, 2n = 2 sets of chromosomes)
Meiosis requires 2 cell divisions. Results in 4 different daughter cells:
Asexual reproduction: Involves one organism becoming two;
Creates identical offspring with 100% DNA from single parent
Types of asexual reproduction:
-Binary fission = splitting in two (ex. bacteria)
-Budding = when a 2nd organism grows off the first
(ex. yeast, hydra)
-Fragmentation = when a piece falls off and then re-grows
(ex. starfish, hydra)
-Vegetative propagation = when a plant sends out a root that becomes another plant (ex. strawberries)
-Sporulation = when mold sprays its DNA and it grows again
-Cloning = When humans insert the DNA of one animal into a blank egg and create an identical version of the first animal
-Cell division that creates identical body cells, bacteria, yeast, or fungi cells = mitosis (diploid cells)
Chromosome number remains the same (2n 2n)
(n = 1 set of chromosomes, 2n = 2 sets of chromosomes)
Mitosis requires 1 cell division. Results in 2 identical daughter cells:
