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WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del fuego Domingo M. Molina Terrén Lugar, 12/11/2012 Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA 5:

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Page 1: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

WFA y nuevos

fundamentos

comportamiento del

fuego

Domingo M. Molina

Terrén

Lugar, 12/11/2012

Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA 5:

Page 2: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

Rx y empeoramiento

climático y abandono rural

masivo

Domingo M. Molina

Terrén

Lugar, 12/11/2012

Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA 5:

Page 3: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

Rx como herramienta …

Empeoramiento clima

Más Tª

Precip más erráticas

Más largas olas de calor

Más tempranas olas de calor

Huracanes dónde no los había

Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático 3

Abandono rural m Sin campos cultivados

Bosques sin gestión

Repoblaciones forestales

muy densas

Retos de futuro …,

No !!! Es ya nuestro presente !!!

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El fuego como herramienta de extinción

Fuego prescrito como herramienta de formación

PRL -

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=

-oN7ZLtVFmI

Fuego prescrito, excelente sirviente

http://blog.nature.org/conservancy/2013/07/24/how-fire-can-

restore-a-forest-time-lapse-video/

TEMAS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=-oN7ZLtVFmI
http://blog.nature.org/conservancy/2013/07/24/how-fire-can-restore-a-forest-time-lapse-video/
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5Some models are wrong but … Models

Se va a quemar ¿o no?

¿Podemos decidir cuando y cómo?

¿Queremos ser gestores o turistas

que opinamos?

Is fire only an option?

Can we decide?

Do we want to be in

charge?

Pensamiento científico

Scientific thought

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Manejo Adaptativo /Gestión adaptativa

Q. suber Case study - RESFOR 6

Adaptive

ManagementLa retroalimentación de las tendencias

monitoreadas deben dirigir las acciones futuras de

manejo = Manejo Adaptativo.

Planes

Acciones

Monetoreo

Evaluación

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Because of the negative aspects of burning, some are advocating we stop prescribed burning. If we do this,

- fuels will once again accumulate and eventually a destructive wildfire will occur.

- many areas will become choked and overgrown with a thick understory layer of vegetation that reduces recreational opportunities and is detrimental to many wildlife species.

We cannot keep fire out

We can use prescribed burning, thus choosing how and when fire and its smoke occur while creating the forest structure we desire.

The alternative is to suppress wildfires until fuel levels become so great that prevention is no longer possible and fire and smoke occur with no control resulting in undesirable outcomes like death of the trees, loss of property, and erosion into streams.

Rx vs.

Fire Suppression Paradox

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Fuel Treatment Options Mastication, harvesting, thinning

Low PSI Grapple / procesador, pinza

Track Mounted

$100.00/acre or 250 €/ha

• Increased Safety concerns

• Increased Risk

• 15-20 Personel

• 2-3 Engines

• Average 200 ac/day or 80 ha/day

• $60.00/acre or 150 €/ha

• If buffer of 80 ha, 12000 €

Reducing Fuels with Rx Fire

Training

firefighters

Adapted from:

WildlandUrban Interface Prescribed Burning

Brett Thomas

Assistant Fire MgmtOfficer - USFS

Quemas Prescritas- QUEPRE n. 8

Fire moves, but

mastication

effects do not

move faster

3,500€/ha

training

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This needs a restoration too

– Florida, USA

• Before a bad LWF occurs

• BETTER TO RESTORE IN GREEN

THAN IN BLACK.

• Our actions should focus on before

Fire Paradox_Rx_net_of_demo_sites_Quemas Prescritas- QUEPRE 9

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ARGENTINA 2008_04 quema prescrita

../../../1_fotos_WORK_otros_2008_videos_/2_videoclips/ARGENTINA_2008_04_fotos/Pat_1.JPG
../../../1_fotos_WORK_otros_2008_videos_/2_videoclips/ARGENTINA_2008_04_fotos/Pat_antorcheo.JPG
../../../1_fotos_WORK_otros_2008_videos_/2_videoclips/ARGENTINA_2008_04_fotos/Pat_1_dom.JPG
../../../#3. Urban Interface Fuels Project, Sumpter,Oregon
../../../#3. Urban Interface Fuels Project, Sumpter,Oregon
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Ejemplo de línea de control húmeda

El caso más sencillo y productivo

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Paper

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To learn even more on fire effects

PICA Fire Scar samples (Molina et al 2016, samples in 2008)

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Molina at al.

2016:

Canary

Islands PICA

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2scar1yr

Molina at al. 2016:

Canary Islands PICA

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1

6Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Antes de quema – Illueca (Zaragoza) - P. pinasrter -2018

Before Rx- Pinus pinaster

Page 17: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

1

7Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Antes de quema – Illueca (Zaragoza) - P. pinasrter -2018

Before Rx- Pinus pinaster

Page 18: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

1

8Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Antes de quema – Illueca (Zaragoza) - P. pinasrter -2018

Before Rx- Pinus pinaster

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1

9Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Después de quema – Illueca

(Z) - P. pinasrter -2018

After Rx- Pinus pinaster

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2

0Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Después de quema – Illueca (Z)

- P. pinasrter -2018

After Rx- Pinus pinaster

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2

1Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Después de quema – Illueca (Z)

- P. pinasrter -2018

After Rx- Pinus pinaster

Page 22: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

2

2Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Después de quema – Illueca (Z)

- P. pinasrter -2018

After Rx- Pinus pinaster

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2

3Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Después de quema – Illueca (Z) -P. pinasrter -2018After Rx- Pinus pinaster

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2

4Quemas Prescritas y Empeoramiento Climático

A monte tendido el matorral

Después de quema – Illueca (Z) -

P. pinasrter -2018

After Rx- Pinus pinaster

Page 25: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

Fire

Paradox_FuegosForestales:

1_FP_Rx_net_of_demo_sites

másterFUEGO

Domingo M. Molina

Terrén

Lugar, 12/11/2012

Fire Paradox_Rx_net_of_demo_sites_Quemas Prescritas- QUEPRE

UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA 1:

25

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Fire Paradox_Rx_net_of_demo_sites_Quemas Prescritas- QUEPRE 26

California 2007

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27Fire Paradox_Rx_net_of_demo_sites_Quemas Prescritas- QUEPRE

Canarias 2008

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Fire Paradox_Rx_net_of_demo_sites_Quemas Prescritas- QUEPRE 28

California 2007

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• Fire managers from

France, Germany,

Italy, Spain &

Portugal in this

demo siteDemo Sites

Fire Paradox_Rx_net_of_demo_sites_Quemas Prescritas- QUEPRE 29

Canarias 2008

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Cataluña, Canarias y mucho más 2008

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Canarias 2008

Page 32: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

Canarias 2008

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Rx in Canary Islands

(Spain)

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DM-PISY-HU

– volver

– after Rx

– More open areas

– Excellent sampling

growth

– 5 snags in the 1ha burn

After Rx = befre Rx –

Same structure 6 yr later

Pirineo HU 2002

Page 35: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

Régimen de fuegos . No todos los fuegos son similares.

Q. suber Case study - RESFOR 35

Fire regime. Not all fires are alike.

Fuego por rayo

Large

FIRE Fuego

FIRE

Foc

Winter FIRE

FIRE

Fuego de inviernoFIRE

FIRESummer FIRE

Fuego

Fuego

Small

FIRE

Fuego

FIRE

Page 36: WFA y nuevos fundamentos comportamiento del …...In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion spent in

QUERCUS SUBER. ESTUDIO DE CASO

Domingo M. Molina Terrén (UFF-UdL)

Carles Arteaga (UFF-UdL)

Q. suber Case study - RESFOR

UL-UFF

QUERCUS SUBER CASE STUDY

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• Restauración “en verde” frente a

“en negro o tras fuego intenso”

• Quercus suber

• Estudio de caso en Cataluña,

España.

• ¿es viable el fuego prescrito como

una técnica de restauración “en

verde“ en bosques y dehesas de

Q. suber?

Contenidos

Contents

37Q. suber Case study - RESFOR

Green and black restoration

Quercus Suber

Case study in Catalonia,

Spain.

Is prescribed fire

reasonable as a “green”

restoration technique in Q.

suber forests and

woodlands?

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Gastamos principalmente en respaturación en “negro”

Q. suber Case study - RESFOR 38

"Tengo sólo tres cosas que enseñar: la sencillez, la paciencia, la compasión.

Estos tres son los mayores tesoros ".

- Lao Tzu

Después de un incendio forestal grave, la compasión conduce nuestra acción.

A veces, no de manera eficiente en el gasto de dinero público.

La política mediática y cortoplacista también juega un papel importante.

• “I have just three things to teach: simplicity, patience, compassion. These three are

your greatest treasures.”

• – Lao Tzu

• After a severe wildland fire, compassion drives our action. Sometimes, making us not

efficient.

• Easy politics (the short-term politics) also plays a major role.

We mostly spend resources in “black” restoration

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¿Es posible restaurar “en verde” Quercus suber?

Q. suber Case study - RESFOR 39

¿Es posible restaurar “en verde” Quercus suber?

Y, si es eso posible, ¿lo puedo hacer con fuegoprescrito?

Después de un incendio forestal grave, la compasiónconduce nuestra acción. A veces, no de maneraeficiente en el gasto de dinero público.

La política mediática y cortoplacista también juega unpapel importante.

• Is it possible “green restoration in Quercus suber?

• And, if that's possible, can I do that with prescribed fire?

• After a severe wildland fire, compassion drives our action.

Sometimes, making us not efficient.

• Easy politics (the short-term policy) also plays a major role.

Is it possible “green restoration in Quercus suber?

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Formación o entrenamiento de calidad

Q. suber Case study - RESFOR 40

Un departamento o agencia que

- falla en entrenar a su gente,

- está entrenando a su gente a fracasar

Los bomberos forestales son tan buenos como

lo es su formación

En el día a día, solo tenemos dos opciones, la

primera, que sea un buen recuerdo y, la

segunda, que sea una gran lección.

Los gestores forestales (y los políticos) son tan

buenos como lo es su formación. La

restauración en verde es como el casco para

quien conduce una moto (lo lógico en países

civilizados).

- .

• A department or agency that fails

to train its people its training its

people to fail.

• Wildland firefighters are as good

as what is your background –

training

• Day to day, we only have two

options, the first, that is a good

memory and the second, that is a

great lesson.

• Forest managers (and politicians)

are as good as is their training.

Green restoration is like the hull

for the driver a scooter (the

logical stuff in civilized countries)

Quality training

Let's see if these ideas are very clear

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• Hay ecosistemas de alta

resistencia (y de lata resiliencia) a

la perturbación por fuego

• Otros son muy vulnerables.

• Fuego prescrito es viable como

una técnica de restauración “en

verde“ en bosques y dehesas de

Q. suber

Síntesis

Conclusions

41Q. suber Case study - RESFOR

There are ecosystems with

a high endurance (and high

resilience) to disturbance by

fire

Others are very vulnerable.

Prescribed fire is viable as a

“green” restoration

technique in Q. suber

forests and woodlands

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Thoughts - returning ecosystem processes towithin the range of historical variability

¿Todos contra la lluvia? ¿todos contra el fuego?

Las2carasFUEGO - QUEPRE42

UL-UFF

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Vídeos y enlaces

YouTube channel you can access 20 videos about prescribed burning.The videos of 3-6 minutes are intended to be used for didactical purposesand have been produced together with a Rx manual in Italian.https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5KxxE8yvsi1YBKjyc8BNQ

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wildland fire fighters performing a prescribed burn to help restore grassland habitat. Created by the National Conservation Training Center.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4tCzulQ6oA

Firing techniques

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVygOrWCoMI

RX desde helicópterohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1kpobfCgAk&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5KxxE8yvsi1YBKjyc8BNQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4tCzulQ6oA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVygOrWCoMI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1kpobfCgAk&feature=youtu.be
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Vídeos y enlaces-2

Prof. Penny Morgan: Wildland Fire Program Service Learning

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bu1Io-NId14&feature=related

GRADUATE STUDENTS: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHrlc6Cbfmw&feature=related

COLLABORATORS: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rN7WaQbk3k&feature=related

film "Disturbance" about fireecology from naturefilmmaker? http://vimeo.com/5197576 http://dlvr.it/1JZCF5

Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology -article on prescribed burning in Italy- http://www.sisef.it/forest@/contents/?id=686

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bu1Io-NId14&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHrlc6Cbfmw&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rN7WaQbk3k&feature=related
http://dlvr.it/1JZCF5
http://www.sisef.it/forest@/contents/?id=686
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Contexto

https://www.thebalan

ce.com/wildfires-

economic-impact-

4160764

Wildfire Facts, Their

Damage, and Effect on

the Economy

https://www.thebalance.com/wildfires-economic-impact-4160764
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Contexto – 2 - Economic Impact

In 2018, California suffered $400 billion in damage. It cost

the California fire department $1 billion. Both are new

records.

In 2017, the U.S. Forest Service spent almost $2.9 billion to

put out fires nationwide. That's more than the $2.1 billion

spent in 2015. Firefighting consumed 52% of its budget. It

leaves little for forest management, capital improvements,

and research.

Home-insurance premiums have risen in the state’s most

fire-prone areas.

The number of acres burned in the Sierra foothills will

double in the next 30 years. It will quadruple by 2100.

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Contexto 3

https://ec.europa.eu/commis…/presscorner/detail/…/ip_19_6176

Conclusiones principales

Durante 2018, y según los datos del Sistema Europeo de

Información sobre Incendios Forestales- número IFs > 30ha

Italia (147 incendios, 14 649 ha quemadas),

España (104 incendios, 12 793 ha quemadas),

Portugal (86 incendios, 37 357 ha quemadas),

Reino Unido (79 incendios, 18 032 ha quemadas)

Suecia (74 incendios, 21 605 ha quemadas)

https://ec.europa.eu/commis…/presscorner/detail/…/ip_19_6176
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CONCLUSIONESRx y empeoramiento climático y

abandono rural masivo

Se va a quemar ¿o no?

¿Podemos decidir cuando y cómo?

¿Queremos ser gestores o turistas

que opinamos?

Is fire only an option?

Can we decide?

Do we want to be in

charge?


FY 2014 U.S. Agricultural Trade Forecasts Changes to FY 2014 Forecasts Exports $2.0 billion to $137.0 billion Imports $3.5 billion to $109.5 billion Surplus

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