Wiktor Werner, Od „małpiego procesu” do mechanizmów władzy

8/14/2019 Wiktor Werner, Od mapiego procesu do mechanizmw wadzy

1/10

Yfetkq Yhqghq, Ko lm ~fhik ~qkbhrx ok lhbcmgf ly y mo v' Lhtmjkqm lgfhdr k bf dmek gmqo fh fohk`kif mbdfyfmtm' Uy4\ Lmqhe _qkr vref, Okqktm Lqkb ekyrem Uqho'\ Qm~kqt lgfhdr k bf' I krv r~k m ovrexqrx oklfgxd bhik ,Akixbef Yvomygfbtyk Gmxekyh ^k gm 1>>?, r' =19 =29

Gm ~kb tex `mt 1>tvbc SS yfhex lfmrthb ek Omvtkg y rtmgfh _hgghrrhh av kgmgh dhovgfh r~q homd bvl tml rykdh tkymqv oklkeq bkl' Rvtxmbdm lfhgf m rf

`mthl qkex =618 o f ef t y' lm ~fhlx ~qkbhrkyf =' ^qkbhr kremq kghik k ah ~qmygh#r~q hbfyfmd bh rf rtmgkyhlx ~qmyx& gmxb mgfh hyk`xbdf Dkcgm _cklmrm Rbk~hrmxb vgf Omvtkg dhog amqo fhd gmgvbc lfhdrbkyk bf y Rtmgmbc Tdhogkb kgvbc'

K~fry tvbc yvomq h dhrt yfh`h4 r kgh amqo k r b hi kyh f gfh yve`hqgfbkymgh' Bmv ~qkbhr av ko ~kb tex `ho kgv ox xymim ~q h ~qmr , m~qmbh erfekyh k bcmqmethq h cfrtkqvb gvl, ~qmygfb vl, jf`k kjfb gvl f `fthqmbeflk~frxd bh f gmyf xd bh ok dhik ~q hafhix mb v ~kyrtmym dhr b h ~q ho

ki kr hgfhl yvqkex rem xd bhik Rbk~hrm gm iq vyg yvrkek bf =>>/ #yvqkerem xd bv ~k krtm y lkbv, `hb iq vyg ~k m~h`mbdf xbcv`kgk h y i` oy~qkbhoxqm`gvbc&'

Fgfbdmtkqhl ~qkbhrx gfh avm rtqkgm kjfbdm`gfh kremq md bm t g' y mo h rtmgkyh,`hb ef`ekqk kavymth`f Omvtkg, etq v ko~kyfho fh`f gm ki kr hgfh k~xa`fekymgh ~q hakimt kqimgf mbd Mlhqfbmg Bfzf` @fahqtfhr Xgfkg,kjhqxd b jfgmgrky f ~qmyg ~klkbkremq kgvl k gmxb mgfh hyk`xbdf gmxb vbfh`kl f yve mokybkl' Kqimgf mbdm tm

kjhqkymm ~klkb qygfh y ~q v~moex, iov ~qkbhr krtmgfh r~qkykekymgv ~q hgmxb vbfh`f gfhyvlxr kgvl ~q v gmgfhl rf ok yfgv' Dhd bh`hl av k qmb hdmghikymgfh rmlvbc rtmgkyvbc xrtmy mgtvhyk`xbdkgfrtvb gvbc gf aqmgfh y kaqkg~q h `mokymgvbc hyk`xbdkgfrty, etqvbc y qkex =618 gfet r~hbdm`gfh gfh ~q h `mokym'Xrtmyv th jxgebdkgkym v tmeh qmb hd dmek yvqm keqh `kgvbc ~ki` oy gf dmek ~qmyk,m etqhik mlmgfh iqk dmefhek`yfhe ekgrheyhgbdh' Rbk~hr okaqkyk`gfh iko f rf ~q v gm ok yfgv, etqhd, ~mqmokerm`gfh q hb afkq b, gfh av ~hygv # m~klgfm b vlyf gm `hebdmbc afk`kiff k hyk`xbdf f bk lyf &, gfh avk tk qhr t amqo k frtktgh iov y lm ~fl ~qkbhrfh eyhrtfm yfgv a ogfhyfggk bf Rbk~hrm koiqvym m qk qmb hdoqxikq og ' ^kortmym ~qmygm kremq hgfm avm akyfhl kb vyfrtm4 t y' xrtmym Axt`hqmkakyf xd bm y bmvl rtmgfh mem vym m gmxb mgfm thkqff k ~kbcko hgfx b kyfhemr~q hb gvbc gmxb mgfhl afa`fdgvl ~ko emq iq vygv ko =>> 8>>/ #Rbk~hr x vrem iymqmgbd ko Mlhqfbmg Bfzf` @fahqtfhr Xgfkg, h iq vygm krtmgfh m gfhik xfr b kgm&'Gmtklfmrt ~qkexqmtxqm rtmgkym gfh avm mfgthqhrkymgm ~qkbhrmlf k mlmgfh xrtmyvAxt`hqm ah ikov kremq kghik #rfb-& f iovav Rbk~hr tmefhd ikov gfh yvqm f tkkremq hgfh krtm kav koq xbkgh 1'

=


2/10


B`mqhgbh Omqqky, kjfbdm`gfh kaqkbm Rbk~hrm, jmetvb gfh av kremq vbfh`hlxrtmyv Axt`hqm dmek ~q hdmyx ~qmyghd rmlkyk`f ~mqtvex`mqgvbc rtmgy' Yf``fml

Dhggfgir Aqvmg, kjfbdm`gfh kremq vbfh` ~krfekyv, gfh av ~q hbfygfefhl fohkyvl

Rbk~hrm, m bk yfbhd mkjhqkym, f bctgfh m~mbf iq vyg dmem krtmgfh gmq xbkgmgm Rbk~hrm #ek`hdem bctgvbc ok m~ mbhgfm kyvbc =>> 8>> / av m ok oxim5gmdokym`f rf y gfhd tmeh o fhggfemq h, etq v ohe`mqkym`f xfr b hgfh yr~klgfmghdiq vygv y mlfmg m yvyfmov kremq kgvl&' Av gmtklfmrt, dme tyfhqo eklhgtmtkq vtvbc yvomq h #Dkcgrkg, =669&, ikq bvl ~q hbfygfefhl ~qkymo hgfm ~q h RtmgvTdhogkb kgh fl~hqfm`ghd ~k`ftvef f ~ko tvlf cmr mlf tq veqktgfh rtmqtkym y yvakqmbc~qh vohgbefbc' Xrf kymth ym`b v gmq xbmgh jhohqm`gfh ~qkiqmlv r ek`gh dmek

~q hdmy tvqmgff yfer k bf' ^q v kem df ~qkbhrx gfh tv`h mtmekym~kor oghik f`h~k`ftvb g foh xgfjfembdf r ek`gfbtym ah y i` ox gm yk` rtmgkyvbc bfm xrtmykomyb vbc' Mtmekym , omgfhl eqhmbdkgfrty, gfh gmxeky thkqf hyk`xbdf, `hbhyk`xbdkgf l dmek kjfbdm`gv f ~mrtykyv #m mthl yf er k bfkyv& ~ki` o gm yfmtgmq xbmgv r~khb gk bfkl `kem`gvl #lgfhdr k bf& yaqhy fbc ktymqbfh yvqmkghd yk`f'

T ek`hf o`m ~qmrkyhik eklhgtmtkqm tvbc yvomq h Chgqv @kxfrm LhgbehgmAqvmg av qh`fifdgvl jmgmtvefhl ~q h `moxd bvl krmlktgfkghik y ryvbc

kyfhbhgfkyvbc yvrf embc gmxb vbfh`m rtmqmd bhik rf eq hyf gmxekyv kaqm yfmtm'Dhogkb h gfh avk o`m Lhgbehgm q hb kb vyfrt , h qh`fifm rtkf myr h y rtmgfhr~q hb gk bf gmxe f emovl qko mdhl qmbdkgm`ghik k~frvymgfm yfmtm4

^qmyo dhrt, h bcq h bfdmrem thk`kifm, ~kokagfh qhr t dme em om fggm ~q hb v gfh tvèk gmxbh' ^q hb v tme h em ohd jkqlfh qmbdkgm`ghik lv `hgfm'2 #C' @' Lhgbehg,_qhmtfrh kg tch Ikor, =6?6, r'13&

R~q hb gk t ~krtq him gm r~kra gmtxqm`frtvb gv, dmek yvqm kqimgfb ghdr~q hb gk bf qh`fiff f gmxef' Yr hèfh ~qav a`f hgfm rf tvbc oybc yfmty lxr mek b v rf gfh~kyko hgfhl h y i` ox gm gfhlk fyk iko hgfm y dhogvlyfhbfh yvomq h ikogvbc qmbdkgm`gfh ~k gmym`gvlf ~qmymlf ~q vqkov fgmo~q vqko kgvbc' ^qmyo fyv gmxekyfhb, yho xi Lhgbehgm, gfiov gfh xyfhq v ylmqtyvbcyrtmgfh b v dmefhek`yfhe fggh omq hgfh bxokygh4

Gfh lm lk fykbf dmefhdek`yfhe ikov lf o v gmxe m thk`kif , ~q vgmdlgfhd ybcq h bfdmrtyfh' Màk Dh xr ~kyrtm lmqtyvbc, màk gfh' Dh h`f tk xb vgf , yyb mrbcq h bfdmrtyk dhrt yfmqvikogh, dh h`f gfh dhrt b vrtvl gkgrhgrhl' Kt xymml, hmohg ~qmyo fyv gmxekyfhb gfh xyfhq v y jmet lmqtyvbcyrtmgfm m tme h, kb vyf bfh,

1


3/10


y mohg ~k krtm vbc ~kortmykyvbc okilmty bcqvrtfmgf lx' ? #C' @' Lhgbehg, =68:,r'9:&'

_qmovbdm, y etqhd gmdoxdh rf ~frmqrtyk Lhgbehgm mebhgtxdh jxgomlhgtm`g

r~q hb gk qh`fiff #~ki ox lmrkyhik, `hb qhm`f xd bhik fgthqhrv rmlk`xaghdlgfhdr k bf& f gmxef #~ki ox h`ftmqghik, `hb r x bhik yf er k bf `xo ek bf&' _qmovbdht y Rtmgmbc Tdhogkb kgvbc ~ko ekgfhb SFS yfhex er tm tkym`f4 Dkcg Yf``fml Oqm~hq,Mgoqhy Ofberkg Ycfth kqm Qkahqt Iqhhg Fgihqrk``'

Y i kghd ~qmbv Oqm~hqmCfrtkqv kj tch Bkgj`fbt Ahtyhhg Qh`fifkg mgo Rbfhgbh #=369& gmxem f qh`fifm ~qaxd k~frm, qk xlfh f m~mgkym gmo t rml q hb vyfrtk bf ' ^frmqrtyk Oqm~hqm #afk`kim f bchlfem ~fr bhik tme h erf ef

cfrtkqvb gh& ~ko~kq oekyxdh rf gmtxqm`frtvb ghd lhtmjkq h qygxd bhd kqimgf lvvyh h dmyfremlf cfrtkqvb gvlf' Qh`fifm f gmxem r txtmd dme oym imtxgef oqm~fhgfey~k`xd bvbc gm t rml yfhq vg ' Gfh ok~h gfmd rf y mdhlgfh, `hb yve`xb md ' Gfhlki yr~ o fmm lxr rf ym`b m ' Lhtmjkqm ymèf yfh rf tx gmtxqm`frtvb gvl lkoh`hl yvdm gfmgfm koykxd bvl rf qmb hd ok ah krkakyvbc fxgfyhqrm`gvbc ~qmy gfok yfmoklvbc fgthgbdf `xo efbc' Ekgeqhtgf `xo fh qhm`f xd f~qh hgtxd o fmmgfh ~qmy gm etqh gfh lmd y~ vyx'

Ekgtvgxmbd mimogfhgfm ~kodthik ~q h Oqm~hqm dhrt ~qmbm ~k~x`mqghikmlhqvemrefhik cfrtkqvem Mgoqhy Ofberkgm Ycfth m4 M Cfrtkqv Kj _ch Ymqjmqh Kj Rbfhgbh Yftc _chk`kiv Fg Bcqfrthgokl #=363&' Ycfth, y ~q hbfyfh rtyfh ok Oqm~hqm,gfh yr~klfgm k ah krkakyvbc ~qmymbc q o bvbc yfmthl f `xo lf' Y dhikerfembc yfer qk koiqvymd ekgeqhtgf `xo fh' Lhtmjkqm qk ykdx f lhtmjkqm ymèf b rf gmb gfh rf`gfhd lhtmjkq akcmthqre ' Ykdgm qh`fiff gmxe gfh yvgfem fbcgmtxqm`ghik bcmqmethqx' Gfh dhrt ekgfhb gkbf kqimgfb g , Ycfth ~koeqh `m tk yhyrt ~fh ok Cfrtkqv kj tch Ymqjmqh''',mebhgtxd b, h rtmg ykdgv ~mgxdh dhovgfh lf o vokilmtvb g thk`kif m gmxe , m gfh ~klf o v qh`fif m gmxe y ki`h #Ycfth, 1>>1&'^qkymo kgm dhrt ~q h yfmoklh ryvbc bh`y dhogkrtef, yvaxbc ykdgv yf mgv dhrtmthl gfh gmtxq qh`fiff f gmxef, `hb yk` f fgthgbdmlf ekgeqhtgvbc kra'Okilmtvb gf oxbckygf f thk`kikyfh tkb ymè84 #Ycfth, 1>>1, r' =12&, mtmexd : #Ycfth, 1>>1, r' ?6&, b v yvbf imd bfe mqtv`hqf9 #Ycfth, 1>>1, r' ?:&'

Dhik Cfrtkqv kj tch Ymqjmqh kj Rbfhgbh yftc _chk`kiv fg Bcqfrthgokl~q h~kdkgm dhrt ~khtve akcmthqre mebhgtxd b ohthqlfgmbd, ~kyfbhgfh, koymi f l oqk ekgeqhtgvbc xb kgvbc4 Ek~hqgfem, Im`f`hxr m, @vh``m, Omqyfgm chqkry gmxef'

2


4/10


Lhtmjkq akcmthqre ~q hdlxdh ko Ycfth m Qkahqt Iqhhg Fgihqrk``' Y xd bfxFgihqrk``m lm kgm mamqyfhgfh hrbcmtk`kifb gh f qh`fifdgh' Gmxem dhrt y dhik ~qmbmbc

qh`fif ~qmyo fy f qh`fif ^qmyov' Emthikqfm ^qmyov dhrt m b vl yfbhd gf

kafhetvygvl kaqm hl yfmtm' Dhrtyft erfi f ~q h gmb hgfhl `xo ek bf4Y the bfh ~t' ^qmyom omdh kg yvqm ryhik xyfhàfhgfm o`m gfhd4Gfh lm gfb yr~mgfm`r hik, gfb ym gfhdr hik gf gm`h fhgfh ~qmyov ` gf bhd y bfhlgk bfmbc jm r x'^qmyom rtmgkyf oxbckyh akimbtyk yfmtm' U'''\ Dhrt jxgomlhgthl, axoky` f dm gfhd bvl yfh b hgfhl ~krt ~x'Dhrt lmte qmok bf, bvyf`f xdh, xr `mbchtgfm, kb vr b m' Gmdyv r vl ~q h gmb hgfhl

b kyfhem dhrt ~k gm ~qmyo ' ^qmyom omd lkb o`m b vgfhgfm okaqm' Dhrt lfhb hl f tmqb , yf t ~kbckogf

o`m `xo efhik oxbcm3 #Fgihqrk``, =68?, OLH, tkl' FZ, 9= 91&'^qmyom o fmm ~q h tvbc rykfbc yv gmyby, etq v r yvrtmqb md bk l oq v

av d ~k gm f koymgf av ~q hbfyrtmyf rf omgfx yf er hd b bf `xo ek bf teyf bhd yao fh f figkqmgbdf'

Chgqv @xfr Lhgbehg ~q hdlxdh ko Oqm~hqm lhtmjkq ymèf gmxef qh`fif m ko

Ycfth m f Fgihqrk``m lhtmjkq akcmthqre qhfgthq~qhtxd b d y oxbcx gfht rbchm refhdjf`k kjff' Gmxekyfhb dhrt x Lhgbehgm gmob kyfhefhl rem mgvl mqygk gm rmlktgk

dme f gm ekgj`fet q hr mlf ~ko`xo f' Y dhogvl h rykfbc mqtvex y ~fr h4Yr vrtek yrem xdh gm tk, h qmrm `xo em o fh`f rf gm oyfh ohbvokymgfh q gh f

krtqk mgtmikgf kymgh iqx~v, yq b imtxgef4 gfhyfhè lgfhdr k , etqm lv `f f yoqm my vbfh rykdh ~klvr v f ohbvokymg yf er k o`m etqhd lv `hgfh dhrt ak`hrgh f o`mthik gfh tvèk ik xgfem, `hb tme h ~q h `moxdh lv `fbfh`f' Lv `kym r~x bf gm`xo ek bf gm`h v yf b ok lgfhdr k bf f tvèk ok lgfhdr k bf '6 #Lhgbehg, =618&'

_hg h`ftmqv l kahbgv dhrt y bm vl ~f lfhggfbtyfh Lhgbehgm, ~kb yr v ko dhikakimthd tyqb k bf ~qmrkyhd, ~q h ~qmbh ~kyfbkgh Gfht rbchlx, m rek b vyr v gmerfembc ~qklxd bvbc dhik y mrg jf`k kjf, etqvbc dhogm gkrf gmlfhggv tvtx Lfgkqftv Qh~kqt #=68:&, b v`f Qm~kqt Lgfhdr kbf' Y thd krtmtgfhd ~q hortmyfm afgmqg foh cfrtkqff `xo ek bf ~ko fh`kghd gm oyfh mgtmikgfrtvb gh e`mrv #gfhlm` h imtxgef&4ah lv `gv txl x`himd bv qh`fifdghlx jmgmtv lkyf f y rem h`ft ok`gvbc okfgth`hetxm`ghik yvrf ex gmo`xo f' Frtktgv dhrt txtmd jmet, h mtqvaxthl gmob kyfhem dhrtgfh tvèk ~kthgbdmmqtvrtvb ghd f gmxekyhd eqhmbdf, `hb tmeh ok`gk ok gfr b hgfm

?


5/10


mrtmghd tqmovbdf k~mqthd gm ~q hrmombc f makakgmbc' Gmxekyfhb chqkr x Ycfth m f

Fgihqrk``m avtyqb , b mrmlf l b hggfefhl, `hb gfh miqhrkqhl' X Lhgbehgm dhrti ygfh gfr b vbfh`hl' Tok`gk ok ghimbdf mrtmghd tqmovbdf dhrt o`m gfhik qygfh

ymgm dme ok`gkbf tyqb h, iov eqhmbdm dhrt jkql ohrtqxebdf'Lhgbehgm gfh ~kbf im dhogme mtqvaxt tqmif lx tkymq vr bv akcmthqkl

hxqk~hdrefl ko Mbcf``hrm ~k Tvijqvom'

Y ex`txq h mlhqvem refhd rmlktgk , etqhd tkymq vr v e` rem gfh dhrt~kbf imd bvl mtqvaxthl' K~tvlf l thd ex`txqv xjxgokymgv dhrt gm ~q hekgmgfx, hyvbf rtyk dhrt mtqvaxthl okaqm f ~f egm' Tmthl e` rem k gmb m m yvb md avbfh tvlvl' Lhgbehg rvg gfhlfhbefbc flfiqmgty gfh ok ek bm fohgtvjfexdh rf ex`txq

mlhqvemre , y ~frlmbc ryhik x`xafkghik jf`k kjm Gfht rbchik gmdoxdh dhogmeko~kyfhogfe mlhqvem refhik k~tvlf lx4 yfho qmokrg , ~qmigfhgfh yvbf rtym o`mrmlhd qmokbf avbfm yvbfb , iov ~k rtqkgfh tqfxljmtkqm rtkf okaqk, ~f egk flkqm`gk ' Q gfbm lf o v tvl, b v okaqk dhrt mtqvaxthl yvbf rtym b v th yvbf rtyk dhrt mtqvaxthl okaqm dhrt mrmogfb m, lk gm dhogme dhd gfh okrtq hb, lk gmyqhr bfh gfh bcbfh dhd okrtq him' Rmlktgk tkymq vr v mqygk yvbf bv dme f~kekgmghlx, akcmthqkyf okaqhlx f ybfh`hgfx m' Rmlktgk yvgkrf ~kgmo t xl, etqv

qygfhdhrt rmlktgv, iov gfh lm ~q hykogfem' Dh h`f v f okaqv r rmlktgf tk dme fbcqk qgf ~q ho lklhgthl krtmthb ghd ekgjqkgtmbdf; Lhgbehg, amomb `fthqmtxqvmlhqvemrefhd f jf`k kjff gfhlfhbefhd, m yqhr bfh dhohg ~fhqyr vbc y cfrtkqff RtmgyTdhogkb kgvbc iyfm okqy lhofm`gvbc gmdoxdh ko~kyfho ~qkrt , `hb~q hekgxd b '

Okaqvl dhrt thg, etk ~ktqmjf ~kbf ig m rka xo f, mark`xtg lgfhdr k , b v`frmlktgk lfhgf y mark`xtg yfer k , b v`f q o oxr ' Rmlktgv akcmthq ~ktyfhqo m, h qmbdm rtkf ~k dhik rtqkgfh rtmd b rf~q vyob yfer k bf'

Gfhlfhbem jf`k kjfm krthgtmbvdghik h`ftmqv lx r~ktvem rf txtmd mgi`krmreflgmtxqm`frtvb gvl ~qmilmtv lhl b bvl yvbf rtyk #~q htqymgfh& ~kdbfhlyfer k bf, iov yviqvymd gmd`h~fhd okrtkrkymgf, gmdrexthb gfhd qh~qkoxexd bvrf, b v ~k ~qkrtx gmd`fb gfhdrf' Fohm avbfm y h`ftmqghd lgfhdr k bf b v rf yhxqkmlhqvemrefhd ex`txq h SS yfhex ~qmigfhgfhl avbfm y yf er k bf, iov yfer k lm r mgr ~q htqym'

Y Rtmgmbc Tdhogkb kgvbc ex`txqkyvl hjhethl lmqfm x lhtmjkqv lgfhdr k bf#fgovyfoxm`f l, yvd tekyk , h`ftmqv l, ~f egk& lhtmjkq yfer k bf #qmbdm, okaqk,

8


6/10


rfm, ~q htqymgfh& avy qkrt gmb hgfm fgovyfoxm`gk bf yveqhkymgvbc ~q h lmrkyhlhofm metkqy, qh vrhqy, ~k~x`mqgvbc eklhgtmtkqy ~qmrkyvbc f qmofkyvbc #tmefbc

dme Lhgbehg b v Yh``hr& f yqhr bfh ~k`ftvey' Y Gfhlb hbc, Qkrdf f yh Y kr hbc iqv

lhtmjkq yf er k bf f lgfhdr k bf ~q hdmyfv rf dmek gm f l, ak`r hyf l f jmr v l,etqh b v v reqmdgv h`ftmqv l #ex`t dhogkrtef& qmovem`gvl him`ftmqv lhl #tktm`ftmqv l&'

Frtgfhdh rtqxetxqm`gm afhgk lf o v k~frhl lm ~fhik ~qkbhrx y Omvtkgokekgmgvl ~q h Chgqfhik @xfrm Lhgbehgm #=618&, ~qmb Ckxrtkgm RthymqtmBcmlahq`mfgm Ofh Iqxgo`mihg ohr ghxg hcgthg Dmcqcxgohqtr#=6=1& f fbc ekgtvgxmbd y ~krtmbf ~qmbv M`jqhom QkrhgahqimLvtckr ohr SS' Dmcqcxgohqtr,#~fhqyr h yvomgfhy =62> qkex, t xlmb hgfh mgifh`refh4 _ch Lvtc Kj _ch 1>tc Bhgtxqv xem m k rf y

=63>&'^qmbh th qk ~fth r gm ~mqmbc mgtvthtvb gvbc, y etqvbc hrtmyfm rf

~q hbfyrtmygh ymqtk bf kqm mtqvaxtv' Ymqtkbf yf mgh r xgfyhqrm`gvlfemthikqfmlf okaqm f m, mtqvaxtv lmd bcmqmethq y iògv y m`h gkbf ko thik dmefbcymqtkbf oktvb f y dmefbc kek`fb gkbfmbc yvrt ~xd '

^qmbm Bcmlahq`mfgm k~frxdh ~kyr hbcgh o fhdh bvyf`f mbdf ~kr xixd b rf omqyfgkyreflf, gmtxqm`frtvb gvlf ~kd bfmlf tmeflf dme qmrm #Qmrrh&, y tvl b vrtm # qhfg&

f lfhr mgm qmrm, yqhr bfh bcmqmethqvrtvb gv o`m b vrthd qmrv tv~ mgtqk~klkqjfb gvy rekb mr ekyv # Ok`fbckbh~cm` _v~xr& f ko~kyfmomd bv qmrkl lfhr mgvlr hqkekb mr ekyv # Aqmbcvbh~cm` _v~xr&' Gmtxqm`frtvb gv, afk`kif xd bv m~mqmt~kdbfkyv gmemom rf gm emthikqfh mb hq~gfth qklmgtvb ghd cfrtkqfkiqmjff fghkqklmgtvb ghd mgtqk~k`kiff gfhlfhbefhd' Gm keqh `hgfh r~hbvjfef omghd ex`txqvBcmlahq`mfg rtkrxdh ~kd bfh oxbc #Ihfrt &, g~' oxbc ihqlm ref #ihqlmgfrbchg Ihfrt &,gmtklfmrt ~kdbfm gmqo #Zkè & xvym o`m keqh `hgfm qmb hd yr~`gktv `xo f dhoghdeqyf f thd rmlhd qmrv gfthd rmlhd ex`txqv f dvem' ^q vgm`h gk gmqkokym dhrt tx

dhogkb h gfh ~q vgm`hgkbf qmrky #=6=1&'Ofh Iqxgo`mihg''' r ~q hoh yr vrtefl cfrtkqf qmrv mqvdrefhd tqmetkymghd dmek

gmdoxd bm rf y `fb haghd lgfhdr k bf qmrm b vrtm ~q hbfyrtmyfkgm qhr bfh `xo ek bfvd bhd y qmrkyvl ~q hlfhr mgfx f gmqkokyvl bcmkrfh #Zèhqbcmkr&'

_hg y the ekgtvgxxdh M`jqho Qkrhgahqi y rykfl Lvtckr ohr SS' Dmcqcxgohqtr #=63>&' Qmrm mqvdrem, etqhd tkymq vr ymqtkbf oxbckyh4 ckgkq, yfhqgk , b vrtk lmim rf lfhr m bmlf f gfr vlf qmrmlf y r b hi`gk bf rhlfbeflf f m dmtvbeflf'Mtqvaxt rfv ~q v~frvymgv dhrt kax rtqkgkl thik ekgj`fetx' Rf m mqvdb vey k~mqtm dhrt gm

:


7/10


bgktmbc fgovyfoxm`gvbc f h`ftmqgvbc4 koymo h, l oqkbf, ok`gk bf ok ~k yfbhgfm'qohl rf v qmr gfr vbc dhrt fbc `fb hagk , lmthqfm`gh akimbtyk, yfhq bmyftm`gk ' Qmrm mqvdrem, omgfhl Qkrhgahqim, ok gmym m xbfrex h rtqkgv qmr

gfr vbc' Bvyf`f mbvdgvlf gmq o fmlf thd tvqmgff yfer k bf avv4 bcq hbfdmrtyk dmekfohm qygxd bm qgfbh qmrkyh, em~ftm`f l mrt ~xd bv qmrky , m mthl gmtxqm`g gfhqygk lf o v `xo lf, gfhqygk bf lmthqfm`g f eklxgf l i kr bv cmrmfgthqgmbdkgm`frtvb gh'

Rvtxmbdm lxrf rf lfhgf , m~kyfmom Qkrhgahqi, y yvgfex kjfmqv kkghd rfhafh ~q h lf`fkgv gfhlfhbefbc kgfhq v ~k`hi vbc y F ykdgfh yfmtkyhd, qmrm mqvdrem,bck rtmgkyf `fb hag lgfhdr k lm ~qmyk av ~mgkym gmo yfer k bf td' gmo bmvl

yfmthl'Lhtmjkqm lgfhdr k bf y ~kyv r vbc thertmbc dhrt gmtxqm`frtvb gm, ~krf exdh rf

akyfhl gmtxqm`frtvb gvl omqyfgkyrefl ~kd bfhl qmrv' Dhogme qgfbh lf o v qmrmlfr gfh tv`ek kqimgfb gh, `hb ex`txqkyh f oxbckyh' Y gfkr k f bgktv mqvdb vey~q hbfyrtmyfkgh r ~q v fhlgk bf f ~kokbf rhlfty kqm fggvbc gf r vbc qmr' Rf m~kbcko bm `fb hagk bf ~q hbfyrtmyfm rf rf`h ~vg bhd lgfhdr k bf, etqm k gmb m txyv r k '

Y thertmbc Bcmlahq`mfgm f Qkrhgahqim yvqm kgh krtm k ~qmigfhgfh ekgjqkgtmbdff ~q hekgmgfh, h o f ef ryvl bgktkl mqvdrem lgfhdr k oka o fh y mo gmoyfmthl'

X Lhgbehgm yfmt dhrt qygfh ~ko fh`kgv gm oym ~q hbfyrtmygh kak v' Fqygfhyvqmmgh dhrt ~qmigfhgfh i`kam`ghik bkx~ o)tmt ' ^ko fm q` dhogme gfh lm txbcmqmethqx gmtxqm`frtvb ghik #qmrkyhik&, `hb fohm`frtvb gv' ^q hbfyrtmygh ymqtk bf tkyfmtk #qk xl& f bfhlgk # makakg& kqm mtqvaxtv4 h`ftmqv l, `hb qygfhr mak y~q v~moex lgfhdr k bf kqm rfm f m `h~fhgfh y ~q v~moex yf er k bf' Gmxbh~q v~frvymgm dhrt ymqtk qk xlx, qh`fiff makakgx' Y k~frfh ~qkbhrx y Omvtkg qh`fifftkymq vr v qygfh mtqvaxt rfv, etqv k gmb m tx ok`gk ok tmlr hgfm qk xlghdlgfhdr k bf' ^qkbhr dhrt yvbf rtyhl gmxef gfh o f ef yhqovetkyf, etqv x gmdhRbk~hrm yfggvl, `hb o f ef lk fykbf ekgjqkgtmbdf qmbdf qk xlx f qmbdf jmgmtvb ghdqh`fiff qh~qh hgtkymgvbc y ohambfh Omqqkym #qk xl& Aqvmghl #bfhlgkiqo&'

Lhgbehg dhrt ~q hekgmgv, h ~k rtqkgfh qk xlx rtkf ~qmyom, m mthl gfh lk h kg~kgfh e`ref' Mav yvbf v lxrf okd ok koyqbhgfm mtqvaxty' Gmxbh gmdoxd bhdrf ok thd ~kqv y lgfhdr k bf lxrf mb tkymq vr v ~k~mqbfh yfer k bf' Gfh lk gm

9


8/10


dhogme m~kb tekym ~q hlfmg lhgtm`gvbc y r~k hb h rtyfh ah axq hgfm rtmqvbcrekrtgfm vbc rbchlmty' Rt o Lhgbehg ~koeqh `m qk ~k vtvygvbc gfr b vbfh`f o`mqk ykdx `xo ek bf' Y ~q v~moex gmxef tme eqhmtvyg ohrtqxebd dhrt y t~fhgfh f

ghimbdm mrtmgvbc ~qmyo, etqh lk h av oklhg dhovgfh gfhyfhèfhd `fb av yvaftgvbc dhogkrthe'

Gfh lfhggk mrmo lkqm`gvbc dhrt myr h yvqm hl ex`txqkyhd gf r k bf' Flamqo fhd b kyfhe gfhkeq hrmgv, tvl ~hygfhdr v bk dhrt okaqh m bk h' Bm v ~krt ~`xo ek bf, gmyht y o fho fgfh lkqm`gk bf dhrt mr xi `xo f, etq v ~koom`f y y t~`fyk metxm`gh ymqtk bf, m gfh tvbc, etq v dh i`kqvjfekym`f f aqkgf`f ok x~mo hik => #Lhgbehg,=68:, r' ?=3&'

_k o f ef lgfhdr k bf ok`ghd ok y t~fhgfm f ghimbdf m ~qmig bhd lfmgv lk fyv dhrt ~krt~ bvyf`f mbvdgv' Avbfh y lgfhdr k bf, avbfh fggvl dhrt dxrmlk y rkafhjkql yv r k bf, iov ~q hbfyrtmyfm rf bcmqmethqv xd bhd yfer k `xo ek bfthgohgbdf ok ah y mox f fohk`kifb ghd hgtqk~ff'

Em ov ikogv xymif ye mo y `xo ef qk yd dhrt o fh hl dhogkrthe, etqh lv `m v fgmb hd ko yr vrtefbc f tvl rmlvl rtm v ~kgmo yr vrteflf' Lk h dhovgfh yvd tefhlr m`hby, `hb gfet fggv gfh ~q vbcko f lf gm lv `' _m imqrtem yvd tekyvbc

fgovyfoxm`gk bf ~kyfggm, dme ro , lb bfhr v rf yr hèflf ~q vyf`hdmlf gm`h gvlf fl tvtx x yv r k bf, gmyht dh h`f lfm kav tk lfhdrbh ekr thl yf er k bf' Dhogkrtef akyfhl dhovgfh lmd gmb hgfh y cfrtkqff' ^k krtm`f r dme emqm`xbcv4 ko lf`fkgy `mt tmefh rmlh f tme rmlk gfhfrtktgh == #Lhgbehg, =68:, r' 2??&'

Gmdyfer vl miqk hgfhl o`m tvbc yvaftgvbc dhogkrthe dhrt tvqmgfm yf er k bf,~q hlkb gfhqk xlghik f gfh yfmoklhik t xlx' O`mthik th Lhgbehg yvqm m y rykfbcthertmbc m~qkamt o`m ~qkbhry jhohqm`f mbdf ~mrtym dmefh mbcko f v y RtmgmbcTdhogkb kgvbc gm ~kb tex SS yfhex, yfo b y gfbc r mgr av fgth`fihgtgmlgfhdr k miymqmgtkymm rkafh gfh tvèk ah ~fhb h rtyk, m`h f y mo gmo txlhl'

^kb the yfhex SS tk mqygk y Rtmgmbc Tdhogkb kgvbc, dme f y Hxqk~fh, b mr,y etqvl ~qkbhrv lkohqgf mbdf f xqamgf mbdf ~q hrtmd av ~q holfkthl mbcyvtx gmo~kti xo efhd lv `f m rtmd rf qohl ~kb xbfm miqk hgfm' @xo fh gmxef, mqtvbf flv `fbfh`h mgm`f xd dmyfrem lmrkyh r xemd b m`thqgmtvyv o`m yfmtm txly'Fgovyfoxm`f l ymqtk bf ~qmilmtvb ghd, okrt ~ghd ~qmetvb gfh emohlx4 re`h~femq kyf,q hlfh `gfekyf, qk`gfekyf rtmdh rf gfhokrt ~gvl fohm hl o`m lmr f `xerxrhl, gm etqvtvèk gfh`fb gf lki rkafh ~k yk`f ' Avbfh y lgfhdr k bf bhbcv ~kohdq mghd

3


9/10


6

~q hqmo m rf y ~k omgv mtqvaxt, ~k omgv yr h`mek dh h`f b v rf krkafrtvlrxebhrhl' Gfh lk gm dhogme m~klgfh , h avbfh y lgfhdr k bf amqo fhd gmqmm gme`re gf mdlkymgfh ah ~fhb ghik lfhdrbh y t xlfh rtmgkyf bvl yf er k '

Qk yf mgfhl thik ov`hlmtx lk h av om`hek ~krxgf tm fohgtvjfembdm dhogkrte ,etqm dxthg rxebhr krf ig m f gmdoxdh rf gm yvvgmbc gfhokrt ~gvbc o`m yfer k bfyvb mdgvbc dmomb v bc`ham' _mem fohgtvjfembdm, dhh`f oktvb v lf`fkgkyvbc t xly,lk h ~q hqko f rf y ex`t dhogkrtef, xyfh`afhgfh o`m lhofm`gvbc fok`f, lv `kyhx m`hgfhgfh ko t y' mxtkqvthty'

Lmq hgfh b kyfhem t xlx k xy gfk `md bhd lgfhdr k bf ~q hqko fk rf y F~kkyfh xafhi hik yfhex y ekr lmq tktm`ftmqv lx' O frfmd jmrbvgmbdm qm~kqthl

lgfhdr k bf dmefhd x`him bkyfhe SSF yfhex xifgm dhik ek`mgm ~q ho ~q vyobmlf rhet,iyfm omlf jf`lx, r~kqtx f qhm`ftv rckyr, kao fhqm ik qhr the fgovyfoxm`gk bf dmem~k krtm m lx y r~moex ~k yfhex SS'

@fthqmtxqm Bvtkymgm

Bcmlahq`mfg C' R' #=6=1&, Ofh Iqxgo`mihg ohr ghxg hcgthg Dmcqcxgohqtr,Lxgfbc

Oqm~hq M' O' #=369&,Cfrtkqv kj tch Bkgj`fbt Ahtyhhg Qh`fifkg mgo Rbfhgbh, Ghy Vkqe, O'M~~`htkg Mgo Bkl~mgv

Fgihqrk`` Q' I' #=68?&, Bk``hbtho Ykqer, Oqhrohg, Oqhrohg Lhlkqfm` Hoftfkg kj

Fgihqrk``)r Ykqer

Dkcgrkg H' ^' #=669&, Ro gmo Omqyfghl, Ymqr mym, Zkbmtfk,Lhgbehg C' @' #=6>3&, _ch ^cf`krk~cv kj Jqfhoqfbc Gfht rbch,Lhgbehg C' @' #=6?6&_qhmtfrh kg tch Ikor,Lhgbehg C' @' #=68:&, Lfgkqftv Qh~kqt, Lhgbehg C' @' , Cklk Ghmgohqtcm`hgrfr, _ch Am`tflkqh Hzhgfgi Rxg, Dxgh 16, =618 Qkrhgahqi M' #=63>&' _ch Lvtc Kj _ch 1>tc Bhgtxqv, Cfrtkqfbm` Qhzfhy ^qhrr Ycfth M' O' #=363&, M Cfrtkqv Kj _ch Ymqjmqh Kj Rbfhgbh Yftc _chk`kiv Fg Bcqfrthgokl,Bkqgh`` Xgfzhqrftv ^qhrr, Ftcmbm

= Rbk~hr Lkgehv _qfm` 1 ~q vtkb kgh omgh mb hq~gf th h rtqkgv fgthqghtkyhd Yvo fm x ^qmym XLEB #Xgfzhqrftv kj Lfrrkxqf, EmgrmrBftv& Rbckk` kj @my4 #ctt~4++yyy'`my'xleb'hox+jmbx`tv+~qkdhbtr+jtqfm`r+rbk~hr+rbk~hr'ctl&


10/10

Documents

Wiktor Werner, Od „małpiego procesu” do mechanizmów władzy