saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi

CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS

winamdebare gamocemaSi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna

proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli

SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis

warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ _ farglebSi

The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project

proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT

The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: vladimer papavaaleqsandre rondelikaxa gogolaSvilimerab kakulia

Mentors: Vladimer PapavaAlexander RondeliKakha GogolashviliMerab Kakulia

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

Editor: Rusudan Margishvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,

maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2015 weli

All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher

Copyright © 2015 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

proeqtis Sesaxeb

programa `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqarTvelos mTavrobas marTvis sferoSi arsebuli proble-mebis daZlevaSi. proeqti iTvaliswinebs saSualo rgolis sajaro moxeleTa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmarTvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebSi. es meca-dineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qarTul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikaSi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuw-yobs qarTvel sajaro moxeleTaTvis marTvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb cod-nis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas.

programas afinansebs SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSrom-lobis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebSi GFSIS-is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estoneTis diplomatiis skola (ESD).

programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmarTvelobis iseTi kulturis Camoyalibe-bas, romelic iqneba angariSvaldebuli da gaiTvaliswinebs qarTuli sazogadoebis saWiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis miRebis sfer-oSi qarTuli mmarTvelobis SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamWvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebaTa cvli-lebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleTa SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, raTa saqarTvelo ukeT warmoCndes saerTaSoriso don-eze sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobisas.

programa xorcieldeba eqvsi wlis manZilze (2009-2015 ww.).

ABOUT THE PROJECT

“Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills” is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public admin-istration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consist-ent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality.

The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its prin-cipal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program.

The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flex-ibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country’s interaction with other states and international organizations.

The program is implemented during six years (2009 – 2015).

7

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis sistemis Camoyalibeba

maia beruaSvili

reziume

winamdebare sajaro politikis dokumentSi ganxilulia msxvilfexa saqon-

lis registraciis, identifikaciisa da maTi sadgomebis registraciis sistemis

danergvisa da aRsrulebis sakiTxebi, evrokavSirSi moqmed regulaciebsa da sauke-

Teso ucxour praqtikaze dayrdnobiT gaanalizebulia danergvisa da aRsrulebis

gzebi, SerCeulia upiratesi alternativa da mis gansaxorcieleblad SemuSavebu-

lia rekomendaciebi.

politikis analizis dokumentSi mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba veteri-

nariis sferoSi arsebul viTarebas, msxvilfexa saqonlis registraciis, identifi-

kaciisa da maTi sadgomebis registraciasTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv da in-

stituciur sakiTxebs, aseve am sakiTxebis danergva-aRsrulebis perspeqtivebsa da

im xelSemSlel politikur, organizaciul da sxva faqtorebs, romlebic gasaTva-

liswinebelia aRniSnuli sistemis danergvisa da aRsrulebisas.

politikis dokumentSi warmodgenilia sami alternatiuli gza, romelTa

meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia problemis mogvareba: I alternativa _ aRmasrulebel

uwyebad SerCeulia soflis meurneobis saministros sajaro samarTlis iuridi-

uli piri _ sursaTis erovnuli saagento; II alternativa _ aRmasrulebel uwyebad

SerCeulia sajaro reestri; III alternativa _ aRmasrulebel uwyebad SerCeulia

delegirebuli organo.

saxelmwifo finansebis racionalurad gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT mniSv-

nelovania ganxorcieldes pirveli alternativa, romelsac aqvs yvelaze maRali

Sedegianoba da steikholderebis kmayofilebis yvelaze maRali done. amasTan,

aRniSnuli gza yvelaze efeqtiania msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registra-

ciisa da maTi sadgomebis registraciis sistemis CamoyalibebisaTvis.

politikis analizis dokumentis daskvniT nawilSi warmodgenilia rekomen-

daciebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia Cven mier SerCeuli upiratesi alternativis

ganxorcielebisTvis.

Sesavali

evrokavSirTan Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrcis Sesaxeb

SeTanxmebiT (DCFTA) nakisri valdebulebebis Sesrulebas didi yuradReba eqceva

rogorc mTavrobis, ise saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis mxridan. Sedegad,

sul ufro da ufro aqtiurad mimdinareobs muSaoba sursaTis uvneblobis, veteri-

8

nariisa da mcenareTa dacvis sferoebis saerTaSoriso moTxovnebis mixedviT gasa-

umjobeseblad. dReisaTvis am sferoebSi mimdinare sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi,

romelSic aqtiurad arian CarTuli saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro

da mis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ sursaTis

erovnuli saagento, moicavs: sursaTis uvneblobis yovlismomcveli strategiisa

da sakanonmdeblo daaxloebis programis gadaxedvas, pirveladi da meoradi kanon-

mdeblobis SemuSavebas, implementacias da aRsrulebas (saqarTvelos mTavrobis

2010 wlis #1756 gankarguleba).

jer kidev wlebis win evrokavSirSi cxovelTa janmrTelobis, gadaadgilebis,

mikvlevadobis, epidemioplogiuri mdgomareobis marTvisa da momxmarebelTa uvne-

beli sursaTiT uzrunvelsayofad dRis wesrigSi dadga Tanamedrove, sistemuri,

mdgradi midgomis SemuSaveba da maT am sakiTxis mogvareba cxovelTa identifika-

cia-registraciis, maTi sadgomebis registraciis sistemis SeqmniTa da danerg viT

gadawyvites.

saqarTvelo sasoflo-sameurneo qveyanaa, sadac mosaxleobis 48% soflad

cxovrobs da fermeruli meurneobiT, maT Soris, mecxoveleobiTaa dakavebuli.

unda aRiniSnos, rom 1990 wlis Semdeg Sinauri saqonlis saerTo raodenobam

saqarT veloSi, jeostatis monacemebiT, 40 %-iT iklo. Tu mecxoveleobis xvedri-

Ti wili soflis meurneobis produqciaSi 1990 wels 29,7 %-s Seadgenda, 2013 wels

es maCvenebeli 9,3%-mde daeca.

saqonlis suladobis dacema mniSvnelovanwilad aris ganpirobebuli cxovel-

Ta janmrTelobis mdgomareobiT da epidemiologiuri viTarebiT. saqarTveloSi

saqonlis ramdenime daavadeba gvxvdeba, romeblic zianis momtania rogorc fermere-

bisaTvis, ise momxmareblebisTvisac. am daavadebebs Sorisaa iseTi gansakuTrebiT

saSiSi zoonozuri1 infeqciebi, rogoricaa brucelozi, Turquli, jilexi, cofi,

tuberkulozi. saqarTvelos veterinaruli samsaxurebi did sirTuleebs awydebian

daavadebebis aRmoCenis, kontrolis, epidemiologiuri mdgomareobis marTvisa da

sazogadoebriv janmrTelobaze uaryofoTi zegavlenis SezRudvis Tvalsazrisi-

Tac.

problemebis gamovlenisa da maTi mogvarebis mizniT gansaxorcielebe-

li RonisZiebebis dasamkvidreblad saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivma eqspertebma

Seiswavles arsebuli viTareba, ris Sedegadac SemuSavda saqarTvelos cxovelTa

janmrTelobis erovnuli programa 2013-2018 wlebisTvis da cxovelTa janmrTelo-

bis samoqmedo gegma 2013-2014 wlebisTvis. cxovelTa janmrTelobis, gadaadgile-

bis, mikvlevadobis, daavadebebis marTvisa da momxmarebelTa uvnebeli sursaTiT

uzrunvelsayofad sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania Sesabamisi, saimedo, Sesadarisi,

drouli, sruli da gasagebi informaciis floba.

1 daavadebebi, romlebic saerToa adamianebisa da cxovelebisaTvis.

9

bolo wlebSi ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis Sedegad cxovelTa daavadebebis

aRmoCenis, brZolisa da kontrolis TvalsazrisiT progressa da garkveul miRwe-

vebs hqonda adgili, Tumca cxovelTa janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli arsebuli

situaciis analizis Sedegad vlindeba, rom saWiroa garkveuli sistemuri gaum-

jobesebebi. arsebuli xarvezebi nawilobriv adamianuri da finansuri resursebis

simciriTac SeiZleba aixsnas, Tumca gadamwyveti mniSvneloba cxovelTa identifi-

kacia-registraciis, maTi sadgomebis registraciis sakanonmdeblo bazisa da Sesa-

bamisad, identifikacia-registraciis sistemis ararsebobiT aixsneba.

imisaTvis, rom saqarTveloSi Camoyalibdes sursaTis uvneblobis marTvis

efeqtiani sistema evrokavSiris moTxovnebis Sesabamisad da uzrunvelvyoT `fer-

midan suframde“ principis dacva, aucilebeli da droulia msxvilfexa saqonlis

identifikacia-registraciis, maTi sadgomebis registraciis wesebis SemuSaveba da

danergva.

kvlevis mizani _ winamdebare kvlevis mizania qveyanaSi arsebuli resursebis

gaTvaliswinebiT msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikaciisa da registraciis kanonmdeb-

lobis proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli aRebuli valdebulebis ipmlementaciis gaum-

jobesebis gzebis Zieba saerTaSoriso (evrokavSiris) moTxovnebisa da saukeTeso

ucxouri praqtikis Sesabamisad.

kvlevis meTodebi _ saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikis gamovlenis mizniT

kvlevis procesSi gamoyenebulia evrokavSiris sxvadasxva qveynis samarTlebrivi

bazebi, strategiebi da sxva oficialuri Tu araoficialuri dokumentebi, gaana-

lizebulia calkeuli magaliTebi, gamoyenebulia agreTve sursaTis uvneblobisa

da veterinariis sferoebSi momzadebuli saeqsperto daskvnebi.

SezRudva _ kvleva vrceldeba mxolod msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-

registraciis da maTi sadgomebis registraciis sistemis Camoyalibebaze.

problemis aRwera

cxovelis, cxoveluri warmoSobis sursaTisa da cxoveluri warmoSobis

arasasursaTo daniSnulebis produqtebis warmoebis, gadamuSavebisa da distri-

buciis etapebze mikvlevadobisa da gamWvirvalobis erT-erT umTavres rgols

warmoadgens msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registracia da maTi sadgomis/

droebiTi sadgomis registracia, amitom aRniSnuli sistemis Seqmnasa da danergvas

didi mniSvneloba eniWeba „sursaTis/cxovelis sakvebis, veterinariisa da mcena-

reTa dacvis kodeqsiT“ aRiarebuli miznebis (adamianis sicocxlisa da janmrTe-

lobis, momxmarebelTa interesebis, cxovelTa janmrTelobisa da keTildReobis)

misaRwevad.

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi arsebuli msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-

registraciisa da maTi sadgomebis registraciis sistema ver akmayofilebs evro-

10

kavSirisa da saukeTeso ucxouri praqtikiT aRiarebul ZiriTad moTxovnebs. rea-

lu rad qveyanaSi ar arsebobs sistema, vinaidan kanonmdeblobiT ar aris gansazRv-

ru li msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikaciisa da registraciis, aseve maTi sadgo-

mis/droebiTi sadgomis registraciis, monacemTa eleqtronuli bazis warmoebis

wesi. ar aris dadgenili agreTve sadgomebis is minimaluri raodenoba, sadac unda

ganxor cieldes saxelmwifo kontroli, SemzRudavi RonisZiebebi da sajarimo sanq-

ciebi.

saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministros ssip sursaTis erovnuli saa-

gentos veterinariis departamenti axdens msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacias,

Tumca evrokavSiris sabWosa da evrokavSiris parlamentis qvemoT dasaxelebuli

regulaciebiT dadgenili ZiriTadi moTxovnebi identifikaciisas ar aris daculi.

dRes saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba mxolod msxvilfexa saqonlis niSandeba (sayure

niSnis mimagreba), magram ar warmoebs erTiani eleqtronuli aRricxva, romlis

gareSec identifikaciis sistema arasrulfasovani da praqtikulad gamouyenebe-

lia. sistemis efeqtianoba vlindeba konsolidirebuli informaciis Tavmoyrasa

da swor gamoyeneba-dagegmvaSi. amave dros, es ar unda iyos erTjeradi movle-

na, es unda iyos mudmivi procesi, romelic miznad isaxvas msxvilfexa saqonlis

janmrTe lobis, gadaadgilebis, mikvlevadobis, epidemiologiuri mdgomareobis

marTvasTan dakavSirebiT gonivruli gadawyvetilebebis miRebas.

saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010 wlis #1756 gankargulebis _ `sursaTis uvneb-

lobis yovlismomcveli strategiisa da sakanonmdeblo daaxloebis programis~ _

Tanaxmad dadgenilia msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis sakanon-

mdeblo bazis Seqmna, implementacia da aRsruleba qvemoT dasaxelebuli evrokav-

Siris sabWosa da evrokavSiris parlamentis regulaciebiT:

1. evrokavSiris sabWosa da evrokavSiris parlamentis #1760/2000 regulacia

msxvil fexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis sistemis Camoyalibebis,

Zroxis xorcisa da Zroxis xorcis produqtebis etiketirebis Sesaxeb;

2. evrokavSiris komisiis #1082/2003 regulacia, romelic adgens detalur wesebs

#1760/2000 regulaciis ganxorcielebisaTvis, msxvilfexa saqonlis identifi-

kacia-registraciis sistemis farglebSi, minimaluri kontrolis RonisZiebebis

gatarebis mizniT;

3. evrokavSiris komisiis #911/2004 regulacia sayure niSnebis, pasportebisa

da sadgomebis registraciis Sesaxeb, #1760/2004 regulaciis ganxorcielebis

mizniT;

4. evrokavSiris komisiis #494/98 regulacia, romelic adgens detalur wesebs

#820/97 regulaciis ganxorcielebis mizniT, msxvilfexa saqonlis identifika-

ciisa da registraciis sistemis farglebSi minimaluri administraciuli sanq-

ciebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

11

dasaxelebuli regulaciebis Tanaxmad, msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-

registracia moicavs oTx elements: niSandebas (sayure niSnis dadeba), monacemTa

eleqtronul bazas, msxvilfexa saqonlis pasportizacias, TiToeuli sadgomis/

droebiTi sadgomis registraciasa da sadgomis wignaks.

zemoaRniSnuli procesis uzrunvelsayofad msxvilfexa saqonlis orive

yurze damagrdeba sayure niSani, romelzec daitaneba msxvilfexa saqonlis indi-

vidualuri saidentifikacio nomeri. sayure niSnis moxsna an Secvla dauSvebelia

kompetenturi organos nebarTvis gareSe.

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis meore elementi _ pas-

porti gaicema individualurad identificirebul msxvilfexa saqonelze da masSi

unda Sevides pasportis gamcemi uwyebis monacemebi, msxvilfexa saqonlis indi-

vidualuri saidentifikacio nomeri, aseve mSoblis (dedis) individualuri saiden-

tifikacio nomeri, importirebis SemTxvevaSi _ monacemebi eqsportiori qveynis

Sesaxeb mflobelis saidentifikacio monacemebi. evrokavSirSi Semaval qveynebSi

aRniSnuli procesi warmoadgens msxvilfexa saqonlis mflobelis valdebulebas.

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis mesame elementi _ monacem-

Ta eleqtronuli baza _ inergeba kompetenturi organos mier da uzrunvelyofs,

rom sayure niSanze datanili individualuri saidentifikacio nomeri TiToeuli

msxvilfexa saqonlis individualurad identifikaciis SesaZleblobas iZleodes im

sadgomTan/droebiT sadgomTan erTad, romelSic es msxvilfexa saqoneli daibada.

amas garda, msxvilfexa saqonlis mflobeli valdebulia mimarTos kompeten-

tur organos msxvilfexa sadgomis registraciisaTvis, romlis Semdeg gaicema

sadgomis wignakis nimuSi, romelic unda Seicavdes mudmivad ganaxlebad informa-

cias msxvilfexa saqonlis mflobelis, msxvilfexa saqonlis, naxirisa da sezonuri

saZovrebis, Catarebuli veterinaruli RonisZiebebis da a.S. Sesaxeb.

gansazRvrulia im sadgomebis/droebiTi sadgomebis minimaluri odenoba, sa-

dac unda ganxorcieldes saxelmwifo kontroli (inspeqtireba). aseTi sadgomebis

raodenoba saerTo raodenobis aranakleb 3%-s unda Seadgendes. saxelmwifo kont-

roli xorcieldeba ssip sursaTis erovnuli saagentos mier, yovelwliurad, wi-

naswari gafrTxilebis gareSe, riskis analizis safuZvelze. im sadgomebis/droe-

biTi sadgomebis raodenoba, sadac unda ganxorcieldes saxelmwifo kontroli,

momdevno wlisTvis unda gaizardos wina welTan SedarebiT mniSvnelovani Seusa-

bamobis gamovlenisas. Seusabamob(eb)is aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi tardeba SemzRudavi

RonisZiebebi an/da sajarimo sanqciebi.

12

problemis gadaWris gzebi(alternativebi)

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciisa da maTi sadgomebis

regis traciis sistemis sakanonmdeblo bazis SeqmnasTan erTad mnSvnelovania ze-

moT CamoTvlili saqmianobis aRmasrulebeli uwyebis SerCeva.

miuxedavad imisa, Tu romeli uwyeba ganaxorcielebs identifikaciisa da

registraciis sistemiT dadgenili valdebulebebis aRsrulebas, arsebobs saerTo

pirobebi, romlebsac aucilebelia akmayofilebdes SerCeuli uwyeba. esenia:

•monacemTa erTiani eleqtronuli bazis arseboba;

•kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili formisa da zomis sayure niSnis gamoyeneba;

•kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili formis pasportebis gacema;

•samuSaos Sesruleba kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil vadebsa (arsebuli msxvilfexa

saqonlisa da maTi sadgomis identifikacia-registracia 2018 wlis 1 ianvramde)

da pirobebSi;

•saWiro raodenobis aplikatorebi (sayure niSnis dasamagrebeli xelsawyo);

garda amisa, msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis efeqtianma

sistemam unda uzrunvelyos:

•monacemTa gamoyenebis kontroli da dacva;

•angariSvaldebuleba da gamWvirvaloba;

•srulyofili da ganaxlebadi informaciis arseboba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom dResdReobiT arsebobs efeqtiani sistemis Camoyali-

bebis mzaoba, mniSvnelovania reformis sxvadasxva mimarTulebebis koordinirebu-

lad warmarTva da am procesSi CarTuli TiToeuli `steikholderis~ rolisa da

funqciebis mkafiod gansazRvra (mag. Semosavlebis samsaxuri, sasaklaos mflobeli

biznesoperatorebi, msxvilfexa saqonlis mflobelebi). garda amisa, mniSvnelova-

nia soflis meurneobis saministros roli aRniSnul procesSi, rogorc politikis

SemuSavebelis da aseve ssip sursaTis erovnuli saagentos, rogorc msxvilfexa

saqonlis identifikaciaze saxelmwifo kontrolis ganmaxorcielebeli uwyebis

roli.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom sakiTxi sakmaod moculobiTia da mraval problemas

aerTianebs, SevecadeT alternativebi Camogveyalibebina ise, rom met-naklebad

gagveTvaliswinebina zemoT CamoTvlili yvela is kritikuli niuansi, romelic

mniSvnelovania evrokavSiris dasaxelebuli regulaciebiT dadgenili moTxovnebis

Sesasruleblad da saukeTeso ucxour praqtikasTan misasadageblad.

13

problemebis analizis nawilSi msxvilfexa saqonlis registraciisa da iden-

tifikaciis sistemis Camoyalibebis xelSewyobis mizniT ganvixilavT sam alterna-

tiul models.

alternativa I – msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciisa da maTi

sadgomebis registraciis ganmaxorcielebeli uwyebis funqcia daekisros sajaro

samarTlis iuridiul pirs _ sursaTis erovnul saagentos.

es alternativa iTvaliswinebs makontrolebel funqciasTan erTad aRmas-

rulebeli funqciis SeTavsebasac. kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, msxvilfexa saqonlis

identifikacia-registraciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi 2018 wlis 1 ianvramde

srulad dafinansdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan. sursaTis erovnul saagentos aqvs

regionebSi struqturuli erTeulebi da hyavs xelSekrulebiT ayvanili 500 vete-

rinari, romlebic veterinariis departamentis mier dagegmil cxovelTa janmrTe-

lobis dacvis programis farglebSi dResac ewevian veterinarul momsaxurebas.

dasaxelebuli personalis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia msxvilfexa saqonlis identi-

fikacia-registraciaze gasawevi xarjebis dazogva.

qvemoT cxrilis saxiT mocemulia am alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi

mxareebi:

dadebiTi mxareebi uaryofiTi mxareebi

regionebSi struqturuli erTeulebisa da persona-lis arseboba.

momsaxurebis gawevasTan erTad identifikacia-registraciaze saxelmwifo kontrolis ganxor-cieleba.

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikaciis gamocdileba, rac gulisxmobs cxovelebTan urTierTobis gamoc-dilebasac.

kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul vadaSi nakisri val-debulebis SesrulebisaTvis droebiT damatebiTi personalis ayvana.

sainformacio bazis administrirebis gamocdileba da bazis ukeTesi xelmisawvdomoba.

personalis treningi monacemTa eleqtronul bazaSi muSaobis unar-Cvevebis SesaZenad.

sxva veterinaruli momsaxurebis (vaqcinacia, nimuSebis aReba) gawevis paralelurad identifikaciis ganxor-cieleba, rac Seamcirebs xarjviT nawils.

monacemTa eleqtronuli bazis ararseboba, rac dakavSirebulia damatebiTi xarjebis gaRebasTan.

sasaklaoze saxelmwifo veterinarebi ewevian msxvil-fexa saqonlis dakvlis wina da dakvlis Semdeg Semow-mebas, Sesabamisad, sayure niSnebisa da pasportebis da-brunebaze kontrolis ganxorcielebisaTvis ukeTesi pirobebi.

alternativa II – msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciisa da maTi

sadgomebis registraciis funqcia daekisros sajaro reestrs

es alternativa iTvaliswinebs aRmasrulebeli funqciis delegirebas sa-

jaro reestrisaTvis. kerZod, msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacias, msxvilfexa

14

saqonlis pasportebis gacemas, msxvilfexa saqonlis sadgomebis registracias, mo-

nacemTa bazebis Seqmnasa da ganaxlebas ganaxorcielebs sajaro reestri, xolo

saxelmwifo kontrols ganaxorcielebs sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri –

sursaTis erovnuli saagento, rac faqtobrivad gulisxmobs saqmianobis gadana-

wildebas or sajaro uwyebaze.

qvemoT cxrilis saxiT mocemulia am alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi

mxareebi:

dadebiTi mxareebi uaryofiTi mxareebi

regionebSi struqturuli erTeulebis arseboba.msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikaciis gamocdilebis arqona, rac agreTve gulisxmobs cxovelebTan urTi erTobis gamocdilebis arqonas.

personalis arseboba, romelsac aqvs monacemTa ba-zaSi muSaobis unar-Cvevebi.

ssip sursaTis erovnuli saagentos, rogorc iden-tifikacia-registraciaze saxelmwifo kontrolis gamaxorcielebeli uwyebis sainformacio bazasTan xelmiuwvdomeloba.

monacemTa eleqtronuli bazis (programis) qona. damatebiT personalis ayvana identifikaciis gansaxor cieleblad.

aRmasrulebeli da makontrolebeli funqciis gada-nawileba.

identifikaciis ganmaxorcielebeli personalisTvis treningebis Catareba.

alternativa III – msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciisa da maTi

sadgomebis registraciis funqciis kerZo seqtorze delegireba

es alternativa iTvaliswinebs, rom msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacias,

pas portebis gacemas, msxvilfexa saqonlis sadgomebis registracias, monacemTa

bazebis Seqmnas da ganaxlebas ganaxorcielebs kerZo struqtura, xolo saxelm-

wifo kontrolis funqcias _ sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ sursaTis

erovnuli saagento.

identifikacia-registraciis saqmianobis kerZo seqtorze delegirebisaTvis

erT-erT aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens gamocdileba. gamomdinare iqidan, rom

saqarTveloSi pirvelad inergeba msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registra-

ciis sistema, faqtobrivad Sida bazarze msgavsi gamocdilebis mqone kompania ar

moiZebneba. delegirebamde dainteresebul kompanias mouwevs partniori kompaniis

Zebna qveynis gareT, personalis treningi, rogorc monacemTa bazebTan samuSaod,

ise cxovelTa identifikaciis gansaxorcieleblad, rac, vfiqrobT, finansurad

aramomgebiani iqneba misTvis. amasTan, aucilebeli pirobaa regionebSi arsebobdes

stuqturuli erTeulebi.

qvemoT cxrilis saxiT mocemulia am alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi

mxareebi:

15

dadebiTi mxareebi uaryofiTi mxareebi

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis sistemaSi aRmasrulebeli da makontrolebeli funqciis gadanawileba kerZo da sajaro seqtors Soris.

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikaciis gamocdilebis arqona.

identifikaciis ganmaxorcielebeli da monacemTa eleqtronul bazasTan momuSave personalisTvis treningebis Catareba.

monacemTa eleqtronuli bazis (programis) Seqmna.

ssip sursaTis erovnuli saagentos, rogorc iden-tifikacia-registraciaze saxelmwifo kontrolis ganmaxorcielebeli uwyebis sainformacio bazis xelmisawvdomobis arqona.

mTeli qveynis dafarvis mizniT regionebSi struq-turuli erTeulebis Seqmna, rac garkveul danaxar-jebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli.

upiratesi alternativis SesarCevad qvemoT mocemulia mosalodneli Sede-

gebis matrica, sadac SefasebisTvis gamoyenebulia e. w. ,,gestimeitis“ meTodi.

kriteriumebi alternativa I alternativa II alternativa III

Sedegianoba (%) 77 60 58

xarjianoba 3,185,570 9,960,810 10,889,161

ganxorcielebis vadebi (Tve) 36 36 36

efeqtianoba % miznis wona (1-10)

uwyebebTan koordinaciis uzrunve-lyofa 20

8 4 4

proeqtebis ganxorcielebis xarisxi 60 8 7 6

politikuri mizanSewoniloba10

6 5 8

instituciuri mizanSewoniloba 5 6 5 7

steikholderebis kmayofilebis done 5 8 6 5

sul 36 27 30

xarjefeqturoba 88488 368918 362972

rogorc matricidan Cans, saxelmwifo finansebis racionalurad gamoyenebis

TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania ganxorcieldes pirveli alternativa, romelsac

aqvs yvelaze maRali Sedegianoba. xarjvianobis TvalsazrisiT, sxva alternativebi-

sagan gansxvavebiT, am alternativis ganxorcieleba asocirdeba yvelaze dabal

danaxarjebTan. amasTan, aRniSnuli gza yvelaze efeqtiania msxvilfexa saqonlis

identifikacia-registraciisa da maTi sadgomebis registraciis sistemis Camoya-

libebisaTvis da, zogadad, identifikacia-registraciis sistemis saerTaSoriso

praqtikasTan misasadageblad.

16

rekomendaciebi

msxvilfexa saqonelis identifikacia-registraciis da maTi sadgomebis regis-

traciis sistemis CamoyalibebisaTvis mniSvnelovania im konkretuli nabijebis

gadadgma, romlebic saukeTeso ucxouri gamocdilebiTa da evrokavSiris zemoT

dasaxelebuli regulaciebiTaa nakarnaxevi. upiratesi alternativis (ganmaxorcie-

lebeli uwyeba _ ssip sursaTis erovnuli saagento) ganxorcielebis SemTx vevaSi,

mizanSewonilia gaTvaliswinebul iqnes Semdegi rekomendaciebi:

•msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis sistemis CamoyalibebisaTvis

umniSvnelovanesi komponentia kanonmdeblobis SemuSaveba, riTac samarTlebriv

doneze daregulirdeba aRmasrulebeli da makontrolebeli uwyebis, kerZod,

ssip sursaTis erovnuli saagentos da sxva CarTuli steikholderebis valde-

bulebebi;

•eleqtronuli programis (e. w. softis) Seqmna da danergva. monacemTa eleqtro-

nuli bazis Seqmna, romelic agreTve warmoadgens erT-erT umniSvnelovanes kom-

ponents identifikacia-registraciis sistemis Camosayalibeblad, xels Seuw-

yobs mikvlevadobis sistemis Seqmnas, epidemiologiuri mdgomareobis marTvasa

da veterinaruli keTilsaimedoobis miRweva-SenarCunebas.

evrokavSiris regulaciebis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad centralizebul mona-

cemTa eleqtronul bazaSi asaxuli unda iyos sul cota Semdegi monacemebi:

a) sadgomis/droebiTi sadgomis 11-cifriani saregistracio nomeri, romelT-

agan pirveli da me-2 cifrebi regionis kodia, me-3-me-4 _ municipalitetis/

qalaqis kodi, me-5-me-7 _ dabis/soflis kodi, me-8-me-11 _ sadgomis nomeri;

b) sadgomis/droebiTi sadgomis mdebareobis Sesaxeb informacia;

g) sadgomis/droebiTi sadgomis mflobelis saxeli/dasaxeleba, misamarTi,

piradi nomeri/saidentifikacio kodi;

d) sadgomze/droebiT sadgomze arsebuli msxvilfexa saqonlis raodenoba

da saidentifikacio nomrebi;

e) msxvilfexa saqonlis mflobelis saxeli/dasaxeleba, piradi nomeri/said-

entifikacio kodi;

v) importirebuli msxvilfexa saqonlis Tavdapirveli saidentifikacio no-

meri;

z) msxvilfexa saqonlis dabadebis TariRi;

T) msxvilfexa saqonlis sqesi;

i) msxvilfexa saqonlis jiSi an/da bewvis feri;

k) msxvilfexa saqonlis mSoblis (dedis) saidentifikacio nomeri;

l) sadgomis nomeri, romelSic msxvilfexa saqoneli daibada;

m) msxvilfexa saqonlis janmrTelobisa da sadgomis epidemiologiuri mdgo-

17

mareobis Sesaxeb informacia;

n) msxvilfexa saqonlis sikvdilis/dakvlis/ganadgurebis TariRi.

o) msxvilfexa saqonlis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, gadaadgilebis,

gadaadgi lebaze SezRudvisa da saxelmwifo programebiT gaTvaliswinebu-

li veterinarul RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT informacia.

•droebiT damatebiTi personalis ayvana, rac mniSvnelovania kanonmdeblobiT

gansazRvrul vadaSi nakisri valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis;

•personalis treningi monacemTa eleqtronul bazaSi muSaobis unar-Cvevebis

SesaZenad; mniSvnelovania msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis

sistemis CamoyalibebaSi personalis treningi monacemTa eleqtronul bazaSi

informaciis sworad Seyvanisa da arsebuli monacemebis sworad gamoyenebis

sakiTxSi, srulyofili da ganaxlebadi informaciis arseboba;

•steikholderebisTvis informaciis miwodeba, maT Soris msxvilfexa saqonlis

mflobelebis, sasaklaos mflobeli biznesoperatorebis cnobierebis amaRleba

kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili valdebulebebis Sesasruleblad;

•msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis srulyofilma sistemam unda

SeZlos sainformacio moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba, rac mniSvnelovania ro-

gorc saxelmwifo kontrolis ganxorcielebis, ise epidemiologiuri mdgomare-

obis racionaluri marTvis TvalsazrisiT;

•dabolos, srulyofili da ganaxlebadi sistemis safuZvelze momzadebuli in-

formacia unda iZleodes gonivruli gadawyvetilebis miRebis SesaZleblobas

mmarTvelobis nebismier doneze, rac xels Seuwyobs msxvilfexa saqonlis janmr-

Telobis dacvasTan dakavSirebuli saxelmwifo programebis ganxorcielebisas

saxelmwifo saxsrebis marTlzomier xarjvas da gamWvirvalobis gazrdas.

daskvna

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciisa da maTi sadgomebis

regis t raciis sistemis Camoyalibeba umniSvnelovanesi komponentia sursaTis

uvneblobisa da veterinariis sferoebSi mimdinare reformebis warmatebisaTvis,

asocirebis xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebebis SesrulebisaTvis. misi swo-

rad dagegmva-ganxorcieleba xels Seuwyobs im uamravi problemis mogvarebasa da

mowesrigebas, romlebic dRes arsebobs.

analizis procesSi gamokveTili upiratesi alternativa evrokavSiris mra-

val qveyanaSia aprobirebuli. amdenad, am qveynebis gamocdilebis gaziareba dagvex-

mareba msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis sistemis Camoyalibebis

procesi ufro efeqtianad warvmarToT. amasTan, aRniSnuli alternativis ganxor-

cielebis SemTxvevaSi, Seqmnili sistema daakmayofilebs im minimalur moTxovnebs,

18

rac saukeTeso ucxouri praqtikiTa da evrokavSiris Sesabamisi regulaciebiT ar-

sebobs msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis sferoSi. aseTi siste-

mis Seqmnisa da danergvis Sedegad SesaZlebeli iqneba iseTi informaciis miReba

da damuSaveba, romelic mniSvnelovania rogorc menejeruli gadawvetilebebis

misaRebad, ise saxelmwifo kontrolis, epidemiologiuri mdgomareobis marTvi-

sa da sazogadoebisa da zemdgomi uwyebisadmi angariSgebis TvalsazrisiT. ufro

konkretulad, aRniSnuli RonisZieba xels Seuwyobs msxvilfexa saqonlisa da mo-

saxleobis janmrTelobis dacvas, epidemiologiuri mdgomareobis marTvas, momx-

mareblisaTvis sarwmuno informaciis miwodebas cxoveluri produqtis warmoSo-

bisa da uvneblobis Sesaxeb, qveynis SigniT msxvilfexa saqonlis gadaadgilebaze

da eqsport-importze veterinaruli kontrolis ganxorcielebas, etiketirebis,

gamWvirvalobisa da mikvlevadobis uzrunvelyofas xorciT vaWrobisas, aseve,

mecxoveleobaSi sanaSene saqmianobis gaumjobeseba-srulyofas.

rogorc analizidan Cans, upiratesi alternativa ar aris dakavSirebuli

did materialur-teqnikuri da adamianuri resursebis danaxarjebTan. amasTan

unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier am alternativisa da mis Ses-

rulebasTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli rekomendaciebis ganxorcieleba dadebi-

Tad imoqmedebs veterinaruli keTilsaimedoobis uzrunvelyofaze, sakvebismieri

daavadebebis prevenciaze, xels Seuwyobs saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi CarTvas, ker-

Zod ki, SesaZlebels gaxdis evrokavSiris bazarze cocxali cxovelis, cxovelu-

ri warmoSobis sursaTisa da cxoveluri warmoSobis arasasursaTo daniSnulebis

produqtebis eqsports.

danarTi 1

sxva qveyvnebis gamocdileba

N qveynis dasaxeleba mowyobis tipi

1. irlandia

irlandiaSi arsebobs soflis meurneobis, sursaTisa da zRvis saministro, romelic pasuxismgebelia msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciis sistemis saxelmwifo kontrolis ganxorcielebasa da reestris warmoebaze.

2. estoneTi

estoneTSi arsebobs soflis meurneobis saministros daqvemde-barebaSi myofi sursaTis, veterinariisa da sabaJo-sazRvrebis samsaxuri, romelic pasuxismgebelia msxvilfexa saqonlis iden-tifikacia-registraciis sistemis saxelmwifo kontrolis ganx-orcielebaze. amave saministros daqvemdebarebaSia reestris mwarmoebeli uwyeba.

3. latvia

latviaSi arsebobs soflis meurneobis saministros daqvemde-barebaSi myofi sursaTisa da veterinariis samsaxuri, romelic pasuxismgebelia msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registra-ciis sistemis saxelmwifo kontrolis ganxorcielebaze. xolo reestris mwarmoebel uwyebas ki warmoadgens kerZo struqtura.

19

dan

arT

i 2

alt

erna

tiv

ebis

xar

jT

sar

gebl

iano

bis

anal

izi

alt

enat

iva

alt

erna

tiv

a I

alt

erna

tiv

a II

alt

erna

tiv

a III

ingr

edie

nteb

i

2015

2016

2017

2015

2016

2017

2015

2016

2017

axal

i si

stem

is d

aner

gva

4000

00-

-20

0000

--

4000

00-

-

tren

ingi

moms

axureb

is g

awev

aze

5000

2000

2000

tren

ingi

sis

tem

is g

amoye

neba

ze

2000

050

0050

0010

000

8 00

050

0020

000

5000

5000

mudmi

vi S

enax

vis,

Sen

arCu

nebi

s da

ga

naxl

ebis

xar

jeb

i20

000

3000

030

000

1000

010

000

1000

020

000

3000

030

000

sayu

re

niSn

is R

ireb

ul

eba

3784

0037

8400

3784

0037

8400

3784

0037

8400

3784

0037

8400

3784

00

apl

ikat

oris

Rir

ebul

eba

200

4040

500

100

100

500

100

100

pasp

ortis

Rir

ebul

eba

4000

0040

0000

4000

0040

0000

4000

0040

0000

4000

0040

0000

4000

00

moms

axureb

is R

ireb

ul

eba

1735

1517

3515

1735

1517

3515

1735

1517

3515

1735

1517

3515

1735

15

dam

ateb

iT a

yvan

ili

perso

nal

is

saxe

lfas

o f

ond

i (5

00 p

iri)

2475

000

2475

000

2475

000

2350

0023

5000

2350

00

reg

iona

luri

struqt

urul

i er

-Teu

leb

is q

iris

a da

Sena

xvis

xar

jeb

i24

7500

024

7500

024

7500

0

dan

axar

jeb

i13

9211

598

6955

9869

55

3,18

5,57

03,

6474

153,

4450

153,

4420

15

9,96

0810

4107

415

3699

015

3699

015

1088

9161

931,

089

862,

366

3,25

0014

3,06

3381

3489

636

3292

110

erTi

erTeu

li

sayu

re

niSn

is s

afas

uri

Sead

gens

0.9

46 l

.-s.

erTi

erTeu

li

apl

ikat

oris

sa

fas

uri

_ 0

,397

l.-s

(sa

agen

tos

gadae

ca

dono

ris

gan

nomi

nal

uri

Rir

ebul

ebiT

).

20

bibliografia

strategiebi da samoqmedo gegmebi:

1. `saqarTvelos cxovelTa janmrTelobis erovnuli programa 2013-2018 wlebisaTvis da cxovelTa janmrTelobis samoqmedo gegma 2013-2014 wlebisaTvis~, saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro da sursaTis erovnuli saagento, Tbilisi, ivlisi, 2013.

2. soflis meurneobis strategia: saerTaSoriso gamocdileba da saqarTvelo, ekonomi-kuri politikis kvlevis centri, Tbilisi, 2014.

3. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis strategia (2012-2022), soflis meur-neobis saministro, Tbilisi, 2012.

msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia-registraciasTan da maTi sadgomebis reg-istraciasTan dakavSirebuli evrokavSiris regulaciebi:

1. evrokavSiris sabWosa da evrokavSiris parlamentis N1760/2000 regulacia msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikacia registraciis sistemis Camoyalibebis da Zroxis xorcisa da Zroxis xorcis produqtebis etiketirebasTan dakavSirebiT.

2. evrokavSiris komisiis #1082/2003 regulacia, romelic adgens detalur wesebs #1760/2000 regulaciis ganxorcielebisaTvis, msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikaciisa da registraciis sistemis farglebSi gansaxorcielebeli minimaluri kontrolis RonisZiebebis gatarebis mizniT.

3. evrokavSiris komisiis #911/2004 regulacia sayure niSnebis, pasportebis da sad-gomebis registraciis Sesaxeb, #1760/2004 regulaciis ganxorcielebis mizniT.

4. evrokavSiris komisiis #494/98 regulacia, romelic adgens detalur wesebs #820/97 regulaciis ganxorcielebis mizniT msxvilfexa saqonlis identifikaciisa da regis-traciis sistemis farglebSi minimaluri administraciuli sanqciebis gamoyenebis Ses-axeb.

publikaciebi:

1. Geers, R., Puers, B., Goedgeels, V., Wouters, P., 1997. Electronic Identification, Monitoring and Tracking of Animals. CAB International, Oxford.

2. Hobo, J., 1998. The necessity for identification and registration of bovine animals from birth to consumer. Performance Recording of Animals: State of the Art, 1998. EAAP Publication No. 91, pp.53 – 58.

3. Wilmink, J.B.M., 1997. EC regulations for Identification and Registration. Performance Recording and Genetic Evaluation and Trade of Semen and Animals, Hungarian – Polish Workshop on Animal Breeding, 3 – 4 June 1997, Warsaw, Poland.

4. Wismans, W.M.G., 1992. The identification and registration in The Netherlands. Performance Recording of Animals: State of the Art, 1992. EAAP Publication No. 61, pp. 159 – 162.

5. Wismans, W.M.G., 1995. The importance of a closed I&R system for cattle and a central database in The Netherlands. In: Editor, A. (Ed.), Proceedings of National Livestock Identification Symposium 1994, 8 – 9 December, St. Louis. Livestock Conservation Institute, USA, pp. 52 – 63.

6. Wismans, W.M.G., 1999. Identification and registration of animals in the European Union Agricultural Management and Service Operations, Netherlands .

internetresursebi:

saqarTveloSi moqmedi sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis bazis vebgverdi: www.csogeorgia.org

soflis meurneobis saministros vebgverdi: www.moa.gov.ge

sursaTis erovnuli saagentos vebgverdi: www.nfa.gov.ge

evrokavSiris sakanonmdeblo vebgverdi: www.eur-lex.europa.eu

saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macnes vebgverdi: www.matsne.gov.ge

21

narkomoxmarebis prevenciis politikis prioritetebi saqarTveloSi

eTer buziaSvili

reziume

saqarTveloSi narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola ZiriTadad

gamoxatulia narkogamsaRebelTa mimarT sanqciebis gamkacrebasa da narkotikebis

momxmarebelTa mimarT fuladi jarimebis gazrdaSi, ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi ki

_ sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebaSi. qveyanaSi aqcenti ufro

metad narkotikuli nivTierebebis aralegalur brunvasTan dakavSirebuli dana-

Saulis gamovlenasa da aRkveTaze keTdeba, vidre narkotikebis moxmarebis preven-

ciaze.

winamdebare naSromSi aRwerilia narkotikebis moxmarebisa da misi preven-

ciis mxriv qveyanaSi dRes arsebuli problemebi, mimoxilulia problemis gadaWris

alternativebi da mocemulia saukeTeso alternativis ganxorcielebisTvis reko-

mendaciebi.

Sesavali

narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono moxmarebiT miRebuli ziani iseve, ro-

gorc wamaldamokidebuleba, erTob uaryofiTad moqmedebs sazogadoebis yvela

fenaze. narkomaniis problema gascda erTi qveynis farglebs da zogadsakacobrio

safrTxed iqca. masTan brZola prioritetulia Tanamedrove msoflios yvela civi-

lizebul saxelmwifoSi.

gaeros narkotikebisa da danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis biuros 2014 wlis

angariSis Tanaxmad, globaluri masStabiT gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi aralega-

luri narkotikuli saSualebebi erTxel mainc moixmara 15-dan 64 wlamde asakis

adamianTa 3,5-7 procentma, anu daaxloebiT 162-324 milionamde adamianma.

bolo wlebSi bevr qveyanaSi SeiniSneba samedicino daniSnulebis narkotikuli sa-

Sualebebis aramiznobrivi moxmareba. es xorcieldeba yalbi receptis gacemiT,

afTiaqebis aralegaluri vaWrobiT, pacientidan pacientze miyidviT, internetiT

gamoweriT da a.S.

narkomania zemoqmedebas axdens sazogadoebis mwarmoeblurobaze, janmrTe-

lo baze. narkotikebis ukanono moxmareba mWidrod ukavSirdeba danaSaulis Cade-

nas.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aralegaluri narkotikuli saSualebebis

moxmarebiTa da brunviT gamowveuli zianis Semcireba (individualur, erovnul,

22

saerTaSoriso doneze) dReisaTvis msoflio dRis wesrigis erT-erTi yvelaze

mniSvnelovani sakiTxia.

saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva narkotikuli saSualebis moxmarebis mxriv Semdegi

dinamika aRiniSneba:

90-iani wlebis bolodan 2003-2004 wlebamde ineqciurad yvelaze xSirad mox-

marebuli narkotiki iyo heroini. 2003 wels garkveuli periodiT wamyvani adgili

daikava sakonditro daniSnulebis yayaCos Teslidan damzadebuli kustaruli opi-

oidis gamoyenebam. 2004-2008 wlebSi farTod gavrcelda evropis sxvadasxva qveyni-

dan aralegalurad importirebuli `subuteqsis~ abebidan damzadebuli saineq-

cio narkotikebi. narkologiuri klinikebis 2007 wlis monacemebiT, im periodSi

namkurnaleb narkotikebis ineqciur momxmarebelTa daaxloebiT erTma mesamedma

klinikebs samkurnalod swored `subuteqsze~ damokidebulebis gamo mimarTa.

2008 wlis bolodan `subuteqsis~ moxmarebam nel-nela kleba iwyo. igi ufro

advilad xelmisawvdomma saineqcio saSualebebma Secvala. kerZod, gavrceleba

daiw yo TviTnakeTma stimulatorebma, romlebsac amzadebdnen afTiaqebSi receptis

gareSe gasayidi fsevdoefedrinis Semcvleli xvelebisa da anTebis sawinaaRmdego

preparatebidan. damzadebis saboloo produqtebia `vinti~ da `jefi~, romelTagan

pirveli xangrZlivi, xolo meore xanmokle moqmedebis stimulatoria.

2010-2012 wlebSi Sav bazarze ̀ tradiciuli~ opioidebis mkveTrad Semcirebis

fonze, narkotikebis ineqciurma momxmareblebma aseve gadainacvles afTiaqebsa

da sayofacxovrebo maRaziebSi advilad xelmisawvdomi prekursorebidan kusta-

rulad damzadebul kodeinis Semcvel opioidze, romelsac rusul saxelwode-

bas `krakadils~ (qarTulad `niangi~) uwodeben. samkurnalo da zianis Semcirebis

dawesebulebebis Tanaxmad, `niangis~ moxmarebiT gamowveuli zedozirebis riski

sakmaod maRalia.

bolo wlebSi qveyanaSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda heroinisa da `subuteqsis~

fizikuri da finansuri xelmisawvdomoba. zianis Semcirebis programebis infor-

maciis mixedviT, 2012 wels TbilisSi, Sav bazarze, opiumis erTi `Ceki~ 150 aSS

dolari Rirda, heroinic imave Rirebulebis iyo, mxolod SedarebiT naklebad

xelmisawvdomi, xolo `subuteqsis~ erTi abi _ 350 aSS dolari. amasTan SedarebiT,

sagrZnoblad dabalia kustarulad damzadebuli stimulatorebisa da opioidebis

fasebi: magaliTad, erTi doza `niangis~ fasi 10-dan 25 laramde meryeobda imis

mixedviT, Tu romeli preparatisgan iqneboda damzadebuli. erTi doza `jefis~ an

`vintis~ Rirebulebac 20 lars ar aRemateba.

saqarTveloSi narkotikebis moxmareba eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe warmoad-

gens dasjad qmedebas, romelic rogorc administraciuli, ise sisxlis samarT-

lis kanonmdeblobiT isjeba. pirvel jerze narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono

moxmareba eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe isjeba administraciuli wesiT da sanqciis

23

saxiT iTvaliswinebs jarimas 500 laris odenobiT, xolo igive qmedeba, Cadenili

ganmeorebiT, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, eqvemdebareba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxis-

mgeblobas da isjeba 1 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT an/da jarimiT.

saqarTveloSi narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis strategiisa da samoqmedo

gegmis Seqmnisa da ganxorcielebis, uwyebaTSorisi saqmianobis koordinaciis,

agreTve Sesabamisi winadadebebisa da daskvnebis SemuSavebis mizniT Seqmnilia nar-

komaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis uwyebaTSorisi sakoordinacio sabWo. sabWom SeimuSa-

va narkomaniasTan brZolis strategia da narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis 2013-

2015 wlebis samoqmedo gegma, sadac gawerilia ama Tu im RonisZiebis aRsrulebis

vadebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba calkeuli prevenciuli

RonisZiebebi, narkomoxmarebis prevenciis mkafiod Camoyalibebuli politika ar

arsebobs.

winamdebare naSromis mizania qveyanaSi arsebuli mdgomareobisa da resursebis

gaTvaliswinebiT ganvsazRvroT narkotikebis moxmarebis prevenciis SesaZleblo-

bebi da gamovavlinoT maTi ganxorcielebis alternatiuli mimarTulebebi. kvle-

vis amocanas warmoadgens am alternativebidan saukeTesos SerCeva da misi reali-

zaciis rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.

politikur dokumentze muSaobis procesSi gamoyenebuli iqneba kvlevis ro-

gorc raodenobrivi, ise Tvisebrivi meTodebi. saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikis

gaziarebis mizniT SeviswavliT narkotikebis moxmarebis prevenciis sferoSi sxva-

dasxva qveynis strategiebs, samarTlebriv bazebsa da sxva oficialur Tu arao-

ficialur dokumentebs, ganvixilavT narkotikebis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTa-

Soriso da ucxouri organizaciebis kvlevebsa da angariSebs, ris Semdegac moxdeba

saqarTveloSi narkomoxmarebis prevenciis xelSemwyobi meqanizmebis Camoyalibeba.

problemis aRwera

saqarTveloSi narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola ZiriTadad

gamoxatulia narkogamsaRebelTa mimarT sanqciebis gamkacrebasa da narkotikebis

momxmarebelTa mimarT fuladi jarimebis gazrdaSi, ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi ki _

sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebaSi.

bolo wlebSi, saxelmwifos mkacri midgomis Sedegad, Semcirda narkotrafi-

kis gziT Semosuli opioiduri narkotikuli saSualebebis (opiumi, heroini, `subu-

teqsi~) Sav bazarze brunva. amasTan, gazrdilia iseTi narkotikuli da fsiqoaqti-

uri saSualebebis ukanono moxmareba, romelTa xelmisawvdomoba ar aris damokide-

buli narkotrafikze (marixuana, kodeinis Semcveli preparatebi, amfetaminis da

metamfetaminis Semcveli wamlebi, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi).

aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso narkotikebis kontrolis

strategiis 2014 wlis angariSSi saqarTveloSi `jefisa~ da `vintis~ gazrdili mox-

24

marebis gamo SeSfoTebaa gamoTqmuli. angariSis avtorebi miuTiTeben, rom kusta-

rulad `krakadilis~ damzadeba medikamentebTan kodeinis SereviT xdeba, romelic

receptiT aris xelmisawvdomi, Tumca farmacevtebi mas receptis gareSe, `daxls

qvevidan~ yidian. angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom saqarTveloSi saxlSi damzadebuli

stimulatorebisa da opioidebis stabilurad mzardi gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis yovlismomcveli meqanizmi jer ar aris SemuSavebuli. eqspertebi varaudoben,

rom saqarTveloSi intravenur narkotikebs daaxloebiT 45.000 adamiani moixmars.

xolo sasamarTlo eqspertizis erovnuli biuros monacemebis mixedviT, registri-

rebul wamaldamokidebulTa raodenoba 60.000-s aRwevs. intravenuri narkotikebis

gamoyenebis maCvenebeli qalebsa da axalgazrdebSi dabalia.

zemoaRniSnul problemebze reagirebisTvis qveyanaSi SemuSavebulia narkom-

aniasTan brZolis strategia, magram ar arsebobs narkomoxmarebis prevenciis mka-

fiod Camoyalibebuli politika.

prevencia narkotikebis avadmoxmarebisa da misgan gamowveuli zianis Tavidan

acilebas gulisxmobs. misi samizne jgufi bavSvebi/mozardebi, axalgazrdoba da

zogadad mosaxleobaa, romlebic ar moixmaren narkotikul saSualebebs.

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba calkeuli prevenciuli RonisZie-

bebi, magram ar arsebobs pirveladi prevenciis instituciuri meqanizmebi, anu

socialur, saganmanaTleblo da samedicino-fsiqologiur RonisZiebaTa komple-

qsi, romelic xels uwyobs narkotikuli saSualebebis/fsiqotropuli nivTiere-

bebis moxmarebis dawyebis Tavidan acilebas. qveyanaSi sistemuri narkoprevenciis

zomebis naklebobaa.

narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli ziani Tavs iCens individis, oja-

xis, sazogadoebis, saxelmwifo doneze da saWiroebs kompleqsur, dabalansebul

midgomas. aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos prevenciis mizniT

Sesabamis uwyebaTa (ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro; sportis da axalgazr-

dobis saqmeTa saministro; kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis saministro; Sromis, janmr-

Telobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro; iusticiis saministro; Sinagan saqmeTa

saministro) da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis koordinirebuli, urTierTSeTanxmebu-

li, Tanmimdevruli moqmedeba, risi ganxorcielebac narkomoxmarebis prevenciis

politikis arsebobis Sedegad iqneba SesaZlebeli.

problemis gadaWris gzebi(alternativebi)

wamoWrili problemidan gamomdinare, narkomoxmarebis prevenciisTvis opti-

ma luri modelis gansazRvrisTvis mizanSewonilia Semdegi alternativebis gan-

xilva:

25

alternativa # 1 – narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis dekriminal-

izacia

narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis kriminalizacias iTvaliswinebs adminis-

traciuli da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsebi. administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa

kodeqsis 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, narkotikuli saSualebis mcire odenobiT ukanonod

SeZena an Senaxva gasaRebis miznis gareSe anda narkotikuli saSualebis moxmareba

eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe isjeba jarimiT 500 laris odenobiT an, saqmis garemoe-

bebis gaTvaliswinebiT, administraciuli patimrobiT 30 dRemde vadiT. aRniSnuli

qmedebis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi, igi sisxlis samarTlis

danaSauli xdeba, rasac aregulirebs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 273-e muxli. am

muxlis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls warmoadgens amgvari qmedebisTvis

administraciul saxdelSefardebuli an am danaSaulisTvis nasamarTlevi piris

mier piradi moxmarebisTvis narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekurso-

ris mcire odenobiT ukanonod damzadeba, SeZena, Senaxva anda eqimis daniSnulebis

gareSe ukanonod moxmareba. sssk-is 260-e muxliT ki narkotikuli saSualebis, misi

analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva,

gadagzavna an gasaReba isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT TerTmet wlamde vadiT.

narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis dekriminalizacia gulisxmobs,

rom narkotikebis piradi moxmareba ar unda iyos sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da

unda gauqmdes narkotikuli danaSaulisTvis sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkve-

Ta. sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba xels uSlis narkodamokidebulis reso-

cializacias, vinaidan cixidan gamosul adamians aqvs nasamarTleoba da es mas

kidev ufro urTulebs cxovrebas, magaliTad, samsaxuris dawyebas. Sesabamisad,

igi sazogadoebisTvis ufro met saSiSroebas warmoadgens, vidre im SemTxvevaSi,

Tuki is sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CaerTveboda.

evropis bevr qveyanaSi, rodesac narkotikebis piradi moxmareba ar aris dakav-

Sirebuli mis gayidvasTan an sxva raime damamZimebel garemoebasTan, sasamarTlo

xelisufleba Tavs aridebs narkotikebis momxmareblebisTvis patimrobis sasjelis

gamoyenebas da nacvlad amisa upiratesoba eniWeba administraciul, samedicino da

sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis RonisZiebebs. espaneTsa da luqsemburgSi narkotikebis

piradi moxmareba akrZalulia sazogadoebriv adgilebSi da isjeba mxolod ad-

ministraciuli sasjeliT. irlandiasa da did britaneTSi kanoni oficialurad

krZalavs opiumis preparatebis gamoyenebas, magram narkotikebis gamoyeneba `per

se~1 ar aris dasjadi.

am mxriv sainteresoa portugaliis gamocdileba, romelmac mis winaSe mdga-

ri gamowvevebis sapasuxod axleburi narkopolitika SeimuSava. portugaliaSi 90-

1 iuridiuli cneba, romelic gansazRvravs piris mier narkotikuli saSualebis gamoyenebas piradi mox-marebis mizniT da ganasxvavebs mas sxva kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebisgan, rogoricaa, magaliTad, Senaxva, warmoeba, gadazidva an gaiydva.

26

iani wlebis dasawyisSi uprecedentod maRali iyo narkotikebis momxmarebelTa

ricxvi. eqspertebi miiCnevdnen, rom cixe axdenda narkomanTa izolacias da metad

arTulebda maTi socialuri reintegraciis process, amasTan, ar amcirebda nar-

kotikuli danaSaulis maCvenebels.

dekriminalizaciis Semdeg portugaliaSi piris narkotikuli zemoqmedebis

qveS yofnis an narkotikebis mcire raodenobiT (arasarealizeacio mizniT) aR-

moCenis SemTxvevaSi, es piri waredgineba specialurad Seqmnil e.w. gadarwmunebis

komitets, narkotiks ki CamoarTmeven. komitetis wevrebi esaubrebian mas. komite-

ti, romelsac garkveuli msubuqi sanqciebis gamoyenebis uflebamosileba aqvs, da-

kompleqtebulia socialuri muSakiT, iuristiTa da fsiqiatriT, romlebic pirTan

individualuri midgomis safuZvelze iReben gadawyvetilebas samarTaldamrRve-

vis mimarT sanqciis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb: jarima 25-dan 150 evromde, Tanamdebobisa

da saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva, garkveul adgilebSi (gasarTobi centrebi da

a.S.) Sesvlis akrZalva, ucxoeTSi gamgzavrebis SezRudva.

narkotikebze damokidebuli adamiani SeiZleba CarTon sareabilitacio prog-

ramaSi an daekisros sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma. komitets ar SeuZlia

pirs dauniSnos iZulebiTi mkurnaloba an daakisros sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeb-

lo Sroma, misi gadawyvetilebebi sarekomendacio xasiaTisaa da nebayoflobiT

sruldeba. nebayoflobiT mkurnalobis SemTxvevaSi sanqciebi Cerdeba.

dekriminalizaciis Sedegebi dadebiTi aRmoCnda: narkotikuli danaSau-

lis mimarT midgomis Secvlam met-naklebad Seamcira rogorc daavadebebi, aseve

narkomanTa raodenoba. 2009 wels kvleviTma centrma `Cato Institute”-is monace-

mebi gamoaqveyna, romlis mixedviTac, kanonis miRebidan 5 wlis manZilze mniSv-

nelovnad Semcirda narkodanaSauli mozardebSi; Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT

gaTvaliswinebuli sasjeli Terapiam Caanacvla; cixeebSi gacilebiT Semcirda

narkodamokidebulTa ricxvi; warmatebuli aRmoCnda narkodamokidebulebisagan

gaTavisuflebis organo, e.w. gadarwmunebis komiteti, romelic ara iusticiis sa-

ministros, aramed jandacvis saministros daqvemdebarebaSia da sadac mosamarTle

da policia ar aris CarTuli. mis winaSe yovelwliurad saSualod 7500 adamiani

warsdgeba.

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi saWiroa SemuSavdes narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis

dekriminalizaciis Sesaxeb kanonproeqti. narkomomxmareblebs gankurnebisa da

sazogadoebaSi integraciis ufro meti Sansi miecemaT, vidre amas sapatimrodan

gamosulebi moaxerxeben. didi albaTobiT, dekriminalizaciis Semdeg SesaZlebeli

gaxdeba e.w. farul narkomomxmareblebis wvdoma, romelTac ar aqvT kontaqti jan-

dacvis sferosTan. faruli narkomomxmareblebi safrTxeSi arian ara mxolod imi-

tom, rom Tavad SeiZleba daavaddnen SidsiT an С-hepatitiT, aramed aseve safrTxes

uqmnian mTel sazogadoebasac.

27

dekriminalizaciis paralelurad aucilebelia pirveladi prevenciis

zomebis miReba – skolis asakidan mozardebTan da Semdegom umaRles saswavleb-

lebSi studentebTan narkotikebis Temaze aqtiuri muSaoba unda ganxorcieldes,

raTa penitencialuri sistemis mimarT SiSi narkotikebis moxmarebis erTaderTi

Semakavebeli faqtori ar iyos. prevenciuli saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebi farTo

da yovlismomcveli unda iyos. saswavlo dawesebulebebSi moswavleebisa da stu-

dentebisTvis permanentulad unda Catardes Sexvedrebi, sadac miwodebuli in-

formacia unda iyos amomwuravi da ara mxolod negatiuri Sedegebis Cvenebaze

orientirebuli. antinarkotikuli saswavlo programa ganaTlebis principebs unda

emyarebodes, ris Sedegadac axalgazrdebi gadawyvetilebis miRebas informaciis

safuZvelze SesZleben.

alternativa # 2 – narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis liberal-

izacia

narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni moicavs ukanono mflo-

belobidan an brunvidan amoRebuli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli

nivTierebebis mcire, didi da gansakuTrebiT didi odenobebis nusxas. Sesabamis-

ad, nusxaSi nivTierebebs aqvT miniWebuli sakuTari mcire, didi da gansakuTrebT

didi odenoba. magaliTad, opiumis nayenis mcire odenoba aris 0.3 gr., didi _

3 gr., gansakuTrebiT didi _ 30 gr.; piri, 0.3 gr. heroinis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi,

pirvel jerze pasuxisgebaSi miecema administraciuli kodeqsis 45-e muxlis mixed-

viT, xolo ganmeorebiT aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi _ sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 273-e

muxliT.

narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis liberalizaciaSi vgulisxmobT

ukanono mflobelobidan an brunvidan amoRebuli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da

fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis mcire odenobis gazrdas da masze sasjelis vadis

Semcirebas.

aqedan gamomdinare, meore alternativis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa

cvli lebebi Sevides `narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis,

prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ kanonSi. kerZod, 1) gaiz-

ardos zogierTi nivTierebis mcire odenoba. 2) moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT ar aris

gansazRvruli mravali narkotikuli saSualebis (magaliTad, eqstazis (MDMA))

mcire odenoba da, Sesabamisad, am narkotikebis nebismieri odenoba, romelic

SeiZleba aRmoaCndes adamians, kvalificirdeba, rogorc didi odenoba, rac sisx-

lis samarTlis kodeqsis 260-e muxliT isjeba da Tavisuflebis aRkveTas vadiT 11

wlamde iTvaliswinebs.

narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis liberalizaciis paralelu-

rad aucilebelia pirvel alternativaSi aRniSnuli aqtiuri saganmanaTleblo

RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba.

28

alternativa # 3 – `status-kvo~

e.w. nulovani alternativa gulisxmobs arsebuli mdgomareobis ucvlelad

SenarCunebas. arsebuli mdgomareoba ki Semdegia: qveyanaSi aqcenti ufro metad

narkotikuli nivTierebis aralegalur brunvasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulis

gamovlenasa da aRkveTaze keTdeba, vidre narkotikebis moxmarebis prevenciaze.

xorcieldeba narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis 2013-2015 wlebis samoqmedo gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebuli aqtivobebi:

• axali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis miwodebis Semcirebis mizniT SemuSavda axal

fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis pake-

ti, romlis mixedviTac moxda qimiur naerTTa klasebis kriminalizacia;

• `saafTiaqo narkomaniis~ dasaZlevad saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom

da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrom Sei-

muSaves sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, romlis mixedviTac kriminalizebul iqna

kodeinis, efedrinis, norefedrinisa da fsevdoefedrinis Semcveli kombinire-

buli samkurnalo saSualebebis aralegaluri brunva;

• Tbilisis saerTaSoriso aeroportSi daiwyo kinologiuri proeqti, romlis

mizania narkotikebis aralegaluri brunvis aRkveTa. proeqtis farglebSi Sina-

gan saqmeTa da finansTa saministros warmomadgenlebisgan Seqmnilia opera-

tiuli danayofi, romelic aeroportSi narkotikuli saSualebebis aRmoCenis

sakiTxebze samomsaxureo ZaRlebTan erTad muSaobs;

• narkotikul danaSaulTan brZolis efeqturobis gazrdisTvis mimdinareobs Sss-

is TanamSromelTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba. am mizniT isini sxvadasxva treningSi

iReben monawileobas.

narkomoxmarebis prevenciis calkeul aqts warmoadgens Sss-is mier Catare-

buli antinarkotikuli sainformacio kampaniebi. 2014 wlis martidan, sazogadoe-

baSi narkotikebis da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis avadmoxmarebis sakiTxze cno-

bierebis gazrdisa da mosaxleobaSi jansaRi wesis popularizaciis mizniT, Sss-m

daiwyo antinarkotikuli kampania ̀ ara _ bionarkotiks~. antinarkotikuli kampaniis

farglebSi Sss ministri da saministros sxva warmomadgenlebi, jandacvis sferos

warmomadgenlebTan erTad, skolebsa da universitetebSi xvdebian axalgazrdebs.

isini maT acnoben rogorc narkotikebis aralegalur brunvasTan dakavSirebul

samarTlebriv Sedegebs, aseve narkotikebis moxmarebis negatiur gavlenas adamia-

nis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobaze.

upiratesi alternativis SesarCevad ganvixiloT warmodgenili alterna-

tivebis mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica, multifaqtoruli analizi e.w. `gesTime-

iTis~ meTodiT (ix. cxrili # 1).

29

cxrili # 1

alternativebis mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica, multifaqtoruli analizi e. w.

,,gesTimeiTis~ meTodiT (skala 1-5-mde)kr

iter

iume

bi

narko

momx

mareb

elTa

rao

den

obi

s Se

mcir

eba

narko

tik

ebis

moxm

areb

is d

awye

bis

maCv

eneb

lis

Sem

cir

eba

narko

tik

ebis

moxm

areb

iT s

azoga

-doeb

isTvi

s m

iyen

ebul

i zia

nis

Semc

ireb

a

narko

momx

mareb

elTa

res

ocia

l-

izac

iis

maCv

eneb

lis

zrda

ganx

orcie

leb

is v

adeb

i

sul

ranJireba (%) 20 30 25 20 5

alternativa 1 6 12 10 10 2 40

alternativa 2 4 12 5 6 1,5 28,5

alternativa 3 4 9 2,5 4 1 20,5

rogorc matricidan Cans, narkomoxmarebis prevenciisTvis pirvel alterna-

tivas aqvs Sedegianobis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli.

rekomendaciebi

winamdebare naSromSi analizis safuZvelze sami alternatiuli modelidan

upiratesad SevarCieT pirveli – narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis dekriminali-

zacia. SerCeuli alternativis gansaxorcieleblad rekomendebulia gadaidgas

Semdegi nabijebi:

• Seiqmnas eqspertebiT da Sesabamisi uwyebebis warmomadgenlebiT dakompleqte-

buli jgufi, romelic detalurad Seiswavlis narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis

dekriminalizaciis evropul gamocdilebas.

• evropul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT SemuSavdes kanonproeqti, romlis mixed-

viTac moxdeba narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis dekriminalizacia.

• narkotikuli nivTierebebis moxmarebisa da narkotikuli danaSaulis prevenci-

is mizniT saswavlo dawesebulebebSi gaaqtiurdes da metad intensiuri gaxdes

saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebi.

• jandacvis saministros Sesabamisma struqturebma gazardon samkurnalo, ro-

gorc fsiqosocialuri, ise farmakologiuri tipis programebis raodenoba.

30

narkodamokidebuli pirebis mkurnalobaSi unda moiazrebodes iseTi servisi,

romelic narkodamokidebulebis Semcirebasa da pirTa sazogadoebaSi reinte-

gracias emsaxureba.

• narkotikul danaSaulebebTan brZolisaTvis moxdes samarTaldamcav organoTa

institucionaluri gaZliereba da TanamSromelTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba.

• sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebis kuTxiT mediasaSualebebma gaagrZelon

zemoaRniSnul Tematikaze videorgolebis gaSveba da gadacemebis momzadeba.

• gaRrmavdes TanamSromloba iusticiis, Sinagan saqmeTa, jandacvis, ganaTlebis

da mecnierebis, sportisa da axalgazrdobis saministroebsa da aseve nar-

kotikebis Tematikaze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Soris.

daskvna

narkomaniis efeqtiani saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi kontroli SesaZle-

beli gaxdeba mxolod kompleqsuri, Tanmimdevruli da dabalansebuli antinar-

kotikuli politikiT, romlis umTavresi Semadgeneli nawilic iqneba prevencia.

iqidan gamomdinare, rom prevenciuli saqmianoba narkotikebis avadmoxmarebisa da

misgan gamowveuli zianis Tavidan acilebas gulisxmobs, man bavSvs/axalgazrdas/

moqalaqes unda misces jansaRi cxovrebis wesis sasargeblod arCevanis gakeTebis

saTanado codna. prevenciuli midgoma unda efuZnebodes ara akrZalvebsa da das-

jis SiSs, aramed arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZleblobis Seqmnas. Sesabamisad, skolebSi

Camo yalibebuli prevenciis erovnuli programebi da narkotikebis piradi mox-

marebis dekriminalizacia saukeTeso gza iqneba saqarTveloSi narkomoxmarebis

pirveladi da meoradi prevenciisa da narkomoxmarebaze moTxovnis Semcirebis-

Tvis.

narkotikebze moTxovnis Semcireba gamoiwvevs: narkotikebis moxmarebis daw-

yebis Semcirebas; narkotikebis avadmoxmarebis Semcirebas; narkomaniiT daavade-

bul pirTa ricxvis Semcirebas; narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli sikvdiliano-

bis Semcirebas; narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli garTulebebis Semcirebas;

narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetaze finansuri da socialuri

danaxarjebis Semcirebas; narkotikebis moxmarebiT sazogadoebisTvis miyenebuli

zianis Semcirebas.

31

bibliografia

1. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros 2014 wlis ganviTarebis strategia

2. narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis saxelmwifo strategia, 2014

3. narkotikebis moxmareba saqarTveloSi, zianis Semcirebis saqarTvelos qseli, 2012

4. saqarTvelos narkopolitikis samoqmedo gegma mkurnalobisa da riskis minimizaciis sferoSi 2007-2009 wlebisTvis, jozef radimecki, daviT oTiaSvili, vano cercvaZe

5. narkotikuli saSualebebis kontroli saqarTveloSi: narkotestireba da narkotikebis moxmarebis Semcireba? daviT oTiaSvili, peter saroSi, gabor l. samogia

6. narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi 2012, wliuri angariSi, `alternative jorjia~

7. World Drug Report, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2014

8. Country Report: Georgia, 2014 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR), Bureau of Inter-national Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Departments of State

9. Drug policy profiles, Country overview: Georgia, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

10. Taking Control: Pathways to Drugs That Work, Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2014

11. The Negative Impact of the War on Drugs on Public Health: The Hidden Hepatitis C Epidemic, Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2013

12. The War on Drugs and HIV/AIDS: How the Criminalization of Drug Use Fuels the Global Pandemic, Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2012

13. www.economist.com/node/14309861

14. www.content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1893946,00.html#ixzz2MYxin5VT

15. www.beckleyfoundation.org/bib/doc/bf/2007_Caitlin_211672_1.pdf

16. www.drugscope.org.uk/resources/faqs/faqpages/does-drug-education-stop-drug-use

17. www.altgeorgia.ge/2012/myfiles/EU%20legislation%20and%20practice%20on%20drug%20use[1].%20Ge.pdf

83

Maia Beruashvili

Head of the Food Safety Division Agriculture and Food Department

Ministry of Agriculture of Georgia

Establishing the Cattle Identification and Registration System

S U M M A R Y

This public policy paper discusses the issues of the establishment and enforcement of the system of registration and identification of cattle and the registration of cattle sheds based on the regulations of the European Union and international best practices, analyzes the ways for establishing and enforcing the system and provides the best alternative and recommendations for implementation.Particular attention in the public policy paper is paid to the situation in the veterinary sphere, legal and institutional issues related to the identification and registration of cattle as well as the registration of cattle sheds, the prospects for establishing and enforcing this issue and the impeding political, organizational and other factors that must be taken into consideration when establishing and enforcing the system.The public policy paper offers three alternative ways for solving the problem:Alternative I – the implementing entity is the National Food Agency, a legal entity of public law of the Ministry of Agriculture.Alternative II – the implementing entity is the Public Registry.Alternative III – the implementing entity is a delegated entity.In terms of the rational use of public finances, the best option is Alternative I which shows the highest productivity and the highest level of stakeholder satisfaction. Moreover, this solution is the most efficient for the establishment of the system of identification and registration of cattle and the registration of cattle sheds. The concluding part of the public policy paper provides recommendations for the implementation of the best alternative which we have chosen.

as_GoBackas_GoBackas_GoBack