saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi

CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS

winamdebare gamocemaSi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna

proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli

SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis

warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ _ farglebSi

The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project

proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT

The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: vladimer papavaaleqsandre rondelikaxa gogolaSvilimerab kakulia

Mentors: Vladimer PapavaAlexander RondeliKakha GogolashviliMerab Kakulia

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

Editor: Rusudan Margishvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,

maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2015 weli

All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher

Copyright © 2015 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

proeqtis Sesaxeb

programa `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqarTvelos mTavrobas marTvis sferoSi arsebuli proble-mebis daZlevaSi. proeqti iTvaliswinebs saSualo rgolis sajaro moxeleTa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmarTvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebSi. es meca-dineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qarTul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikaSi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuw-yobs qarTvel sajaro moxeleTaTvis marTvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb cod-nis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas.

programas afinansebs SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSrom-lobis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebSi GFSIS-is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estoneTis diplomatiis skola (ESD).

programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmarTvelobis iseTi kulturis Camoyalibe-bas, romelic iqneba angariSvaldebuli da gaiTvaliswinebs qarTuli sazogadoebis saWiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis miRebis sfer-oSi qarTuli mmarTvelobis SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamWvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebaTa cvli-lebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleTa SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, raTa saqarTvelo ukeT warmoCndes saerTaSoriso don-eze sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobisas.

programa xorcieldeba eqvsi wlis manZilze (2009-2015 ww.).

ABOUT THE PROJECT

“Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills” is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public admin-istration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consist-ent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality.

The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its prin-cipal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program.

The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flex-ibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country’s interaction with other states and international organizations.

The program is implemented during six years (2009 – 2015).

21

narkomoxmarebis prevenciis politikis prioritetebi saqarTveloSi

eTer buziaSvili

reziume

saqarTveloSi narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola ZiriTadad

gamoxatulia narkogamsaRebelTa mimarT sanqciebis gamkacrebasa da narkotikebis

momxmarebelTa mimarT fuladi jarimebis gazrdaSi, ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi ki

_ sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebaSi. qveyanaSi aqcenti ufro

metad narkotikuli nivTierebebis aralegalur brunvasTan dakavSirebuli dana-

Saulis gamovlenasa da aRkveTaze keTdeba, vidre narkotikebis moxmarebis preven-

ciaze.

winamdebare naSromSi aRwerilia narkotikebis moxmarebisa da misi preven-

ciis mxriv qveyanaSi dRes arsebuli problemebi, mimoxilulia problemis gadaWris

alternativebi da mocemulia saukeTeso alternativis ganxorcielebisTvis reko-

mendaciebi.

Sesavali

narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono moxmarebiT miRebuli ziani iseve, ro-

gorc wamaldamokidebuleba, erTob uaryofiTad moqmedebs sazogadoebis yvela

fenaze. narkomaniis problema gascda erTi qveynis farglebs da zogadsakacobrio

safrTxed iqca. masTan brZola prioritetulia Tanamedrove msoflios yvela civi-

lizebul saxelmwifoSi.

gaeros narkotikebisa da danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis biuros 2014 wlis

angariSis Tanaxmad, globaluri masStabiT gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi aralega-

luri narkotikuli saSualebebi erTxel mainc moixmara 15-dan 64 wlamde asakis

adamianTa 3,5-7 procentma, anu daaxloebiT 162-324 milionamde adamianma.

bolo wlebSi bevr qveyanaSi SeiniSneba samedicino daniSnulebis narkotikuli sa-

Sualebebis aramiznobrivi moxmareba. es xorcieldeba yalbi receptis gacemiT,

afTiaqebis aralegaluri vaWrobiT, pacientidan pacientze miyidviT, internetiT

gamoweriT da a.S.

narkomania zemoqmedebas axdens sazogadoebis mwarmoeblurobaze, janmrTe-

lo baze. narkotikebis ukanono moxmareba mWidrod ukavSirdeba danaSaulis Cade-

nas.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aralegaluri narkotikuli saSualebebis

moxmarebiTa da brunviT gamowveuli zianis Semcireba (individualur, erovnul,

22

saerTaSoriso doneze) dReisaTvis msoflio dRis wesrigis erT-erTi yvelaze

mniSvnelovani sakiTxia.

saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva narkotikuli saSualebis moxmarebis mxriv Semdegi

dinamika aRiniSneba:

90-iani wlebis bolodan 2003-2004 wlebamde ineqciurad yvelaze xSirad mox-

marebuli narkotiki iyo heroini. 2003 wels garkveuli periodiT wamyvani adgili

daikava sakonditro daniSnulebis yayaCos Teslidan damzadebuli kustaruli opi-

oidis gamoyenebam. 2004-2008 wlebSi farTod gavrcelda evropis sxvadasxva qveyni-

dan aralegalurad importirebuli `subuteqsis~ abebidan damzadebuli saineq-

cio narkotikebi. narkologiuri klinikebis 2007 wlis monacemebiT, im periodSi

namkurnaleb narkotikebis ineqciur momxmarebelTa daaxloebiT erTma mesamedma

klinikebs samkurnalod swored `subuteqsze~ damokidebulebis gamo mimarTa.

2008 wlis bolodan `subuteqsis~ moxmarebam nel-nela kleba iwyo. igi ufro

advilad xelmisawvdomma saineqcio saSualebebma Secvala. kerZod, gavrceleba

daiw yo TviTnakeTma stimulatorebma, romlebsac amzadebdnen afTiaqebSi receptis

gareSe gasayidi fsevdoefedrinis Semcvleli xvelebisa da anTebis sawinaaRmdego

preparatebidan. damzadebis saboloo produqtebia `vinti~ da `jefi~, romelTagan

pirveli xangrZlivi, xolo meore xanmokle moqmedebis stimulatoria.

2010-2012 wlebSi Sav bazarze ̀ tradiciuli~ opioidebis mkveTrad Semcirebis

fonze, narkotikebis ineqciurma momxmareblebma aseve gadainacvles afTiaqebsa

da sayofacxovrebo maRaziebSi advilad xelmisawvdomi prekursorebidan kusta-

rulad damzadebul kodeinis Semcvel opioidze, romelsac rusul saxelwode-

bas `krakadils~ (qarTulad `niangi~) uwodeben. samkurnalo da zianis Semcirebis

dawesebulebebis Tanaxmad, `niangis~ moxmarebiT gamowveuli zedozirebis riski

sakmaod maRalia.

bolo wlebSi qveyanaSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda heroinisa da `subuteqsis~

fizikuri da finansuri xelmisawvdomoba. zianis Semcirebis programebis infor-

maciis mixedviT, 2012 wels TbilisSi, Sav bazarze, opiumis erTi `Ceki~ 150 aSS

dolari Rirda, heroinic imave Rirebulebis iyo, mxolod SedarebiT naklebad

xelmisawvdomi, xolo `subuteqsis~ erTi abi _ 350 aSS dolari. amasTan SedarebiT,

sagrZnoblad dabalia kustarulad damzadebuli stimulatorebisa da opioidebis

fasebi: magaliTad, erTi doza `niangis~ fasi 10-dan 25 laramde meryeobda imis

mixedviT, Tu romeli preparatisgan iqneboda damzadebuli. erTi doza `jefis~ an

`vintis~ Rirebulebac 20 lars ar aRemateba.

saqarTveloSi narkotikebis moxmareba eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe warmoad-

gens dasjad qmedebas, romelic rogorc administraciuli, ise sisxlis samarT-

lis kanonmdeblobiT isjeba. pirvel jerze narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono

moxmareba eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe isjeba administraciuli wesiT da sanqciis

23

saxiT iTvaliswinebs jarimas 500 laris odenobiT, xolo igive qmedeba, Cadenili

ganmeorebiT, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, eqvemdebareba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxis-

mgeblobas da isjeba 1 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT an/da jarimiT.

saqarTveloSi narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis strategiisa da samoqmedo

gegmis Seqmnisa da ganxorcielebis, uwyebaTSorisi saqmianobis koordinaciis,

agreTve Sesabamisi winadadebebisa da daskvnebis SemuSavebis mizniT Seqmnilia nar-

komaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis uwyebaTSorisi sakoordinacio sabWo. sabWom SeimuSa-

va narkomaniasTan brZolis strategia da narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis 2013-

2015 wlebis samoqmedo gegma, sadac gawerilia ama Tu im RonisZiebis aRsrulebis

vadebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba calkeuli prevenciuli

RonisZiebebi, narkomoxmarebis prevenciis mkafiod Camoyalibebuli politika ar

arsebobs.

winamdebare naSromis mizania qveyanaSi arsebuli mdgomareobisa da resursebis

gaTvaliswinebiT ganvsazRvroT narkotikebis moxmarebis prevenciis SesaZleblo-

bebi da gamovavlinoT maTi ganxorcielebis alternatiuli mimarTulebebi. kvle-

vis amocanas warmoadgens am alternativebidan saukeTesos SerCeva da misi reali-

zaciis rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.

politikur dokumentze muSaobis procesSi gamoyenebuli iqneba kvlevis ro-

gorc raodenobrivi, ise Tvisebrivi meTodebi. saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikis

gaziarebis mizniT SeviswavliT narkotikebis moxmarebis prevenciis sferoSi sxva-

dasxva qveynis strategiebs, samarTlebriv bazebsa da sxva oficialur Tu arao-

ficialur dokumentebs, ganvixilavT narkotikebis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTa-

Soriso da ucxouri organizaciebis kvlevebsa da angariSebs, ris Semdegac moxdeba

saqarTveloSi narkomoxmarebis prevenciis xelSemwyobi meqanizmebis Camoyalibeba.

problemis aRwera

saqarTveloSi narkotikuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola ZiriTadad

gamoxatulia narkogamsaRebelTa mimarT sanqciebis gamkacrebasa da narkotikebis

momxmarebelTa mimarT fuladi jarimebis gazrdaSi, ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi ki _

sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebaSi.

bolo wlebSi, saxelmwifos mkacri midgomis Sedegad, Semcirda narkotrafi-

kis gziT Semosuli opioiduri narkotikuli saSualebebis (opiumi, heroini, `subu-

teqsi~) Sav bazarze brunva. amasTan, gazrdilia iseTi narkotikuli da fsiqoaqti-

uri saSualebebis ukanono moxmareba, romelTa xelmisawvdomoba ar aris damokide-

buli narkotrafikze (marixuana, kodeinis Semcveli preparatebi, amfetaminis da

metamfetaminis Semcveli wamlebi, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi).

aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso narkotikebis kontrolis

strategiis 2014 wlis angariSSi saqarTveloSi `jefisa~ da `vintis~ gazrdili mox-

24

marebis gamo SeSfoTebaa gamoTqmuli. angariSis avtorebi miuTiTeben, rom kusta-

rulad `krakadilis~ damzadeba medikamentebTan kodeinis SereviT xdeba, romelic

receptiT aris xelmisawvdomi, Tumca farmacevtebi mas receptis gareSe, `daxls

qvevidan~ yidian. angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom saqarTveloSi saxlSi damzadebuli

stimulatorebisa da opioidebis stabilurad mzardi gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis yovlismomcveli meqanizmi jer ar aris SemuSavebuli. eqspertebi varaudoben,

rom saqarTveloSi intravenur narkotikebs daaxloebiT 45.000 adamiani moixmars.

xolo sasamarTlo eqspertizis erovnuli biuros monacemebis mixedviT, registri-

rebul wamaldamokidebulTa raodenoba 60.000-s aRwevs. intravenuri narkotikebis

gamoyenebis maCvenebeli qalebsa da axalgazrdebSi dabalia.

zemoaRniSnul problemebze reagirebisTvis qveyanaSi SemuSavebulia narkom-

aniasTan brZolis strategia, magram ar arsebobs narkomoxmarebis prevenciis mka-

fiod Camoyalibebuli politika.

prevencia narkotikebis avadmoxmarebisa da misgan gamowveuli zianis Tavidan

acilebas gulisxmobs. misi samizne jgufi bavSvebi/mozardebi, axalgazrdoba da

zogadad mosaxleobaa, romlebic ar moixmaren narkotikul saSualebebs.

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba calkeuli prevenciuli RonisZie-

bebi, magram ar arsebobs pirveladi prevenciis instituciuri meqanizmebi, anu

socialur, saganmanaTleblo da samedicino-fsiqologiur RonisZiebaTa komple-

qsi, romelic xels uwyobs narkotikuli saSualebebis/fsiqotropuli nivTiere-

bebis moxmarebis dawyebis Tavidan acilebas. qveyanaSi sistemuri narkoprevenciis

zomebis naklebobaa.

narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli ziani Tavs iCens individis, oja-

xis, sazogadoebis, saxelmwifo doneze da saWiroebs kompleqsur, dabalansebul

midgomas. aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos prevenciis mizniT

Sesabamis uwyebaTa (ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro; sportis da axalgazr-

dobis saqmeTa saministro; kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis saministro; Sromis, janmr-

Telobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro; iusticiis saministro; Sinagan saqmeTa

saministro) da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis koordinirebuli, urTierTSeTanxmebu-

li, Tanmimdevruli moqmedeba, risi ganxorcielebac narkomoxmarebis prevenciis

politikis arsebobis Sedegad iqneba SesaZlebeli.

problemis gadaWris gzebi(alternativebi)

wamoWrili problemidan gamomdinare, narkomoxmarebis prevenciisTvis opti-

ma luri modelis gansazRvrisTvis mizanSewonilia Semdegi alternativebis gan-

xilva:

25

alternativa # 1 – narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis dekriminal-

izacia

narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis kriminalizacias iTvaliswinebs adminis-

traciuli da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsebi. administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa

kodeqsis 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, narkotikuli saSualebis mcire odenobiT ukanonod

SeZena an Senaxva gasaRebis miznis gareSe anda narkotikuli saSualebis moxmareba

eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe isjeba jarimiT 500 laris odenobiT an, saqmis garemoe-

bebis gaTvaliswinebiT, administraciuli patimrobiT 30 dRemde vadiT. aRniSnuli

qmedebis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi, igi sisxlis samarTlis

danaSauli xdeba, rasac aregulirebs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 273-e muxli. am

muxlis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls warmoadgens amgvari qmedebisTvis

administraciul saxdelSefardebuli an am danaSaulisTvis nasamarTlevi piris

mier piradi moxmarebisTvis narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekurso-

ris mcire odenobiT ukanonod damzadeba, SeZena, Senaxva anda eqimis daniSnulebis

gareSe ukanonod moxmareba. sssk-is 260-e muxliT ki narkotikuli saSualebis, misi

analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva,

gadagzavna an gasaReba isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT TerTmet wlamde vadiT.

narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis dekriminalizacia gulisxmobs,

rom narkotikebis piradi moxmareba ar unda iyos sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da

unda gauqmdes narkotikuli danaSaulisTvis sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkve-

Ta. sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba xels uSlis narkodamokidebulis reso-

cializacias, vinaidan cixidan gamosul adamians aqvs nasamarTleoba da es mas

kidev ufro urTulebs cxovrebas, magaliTad, samsaxuris dawyebas. Sesabamisad,

igi sazogadoebisTvis ufro met saSiSroebas warmoadgens, vidre im SemTxvevaSi,

Tuki is sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CaerTveboda.

evropis bevr qveyanaSi, rodesac narkotikebis piradi moxmareba ar aris dakav-

Sirebuli mis gayidvasTan an sxva raime damamZimebel garemoebasTan, sasamarTlo

xelisufleba Tavs aridebs narkotikebis momxmareblebisTvis patimrobis sasjelis

gamoyenebas da nacvlad amisa upiratesoba eniWeba administraciul, samedicino da

sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis RonisZiebebs. espaneTsa da luqsemburgSi narkotikebis

piradi moxmareba akrZalulia sazogadoebriv adgilebSi da isjeba mxolod ad-

ministraciuli sasjeliT. irlandiasa da did britaneTSi kanoni oficialurad

krZalavs opiumis preparatebis gamoyenebas, magram narkotikebis gamoyeneba `per

se~1 ar aris dasjadi.

am mxriv sainteresoa portugaliis gamocdileba, romelmac mis winaSe mdga-

ri gamowvevebis sapasuxod axleburi narkopolitika SeimuSava. portugaliaSi 90-

1 iuridiuli cneba, romelic gansazRvravs piris mier narkotikuli saSualebis gamoyenebas piradi mox-marebis mizniT da ganasxvavebs mas sxva kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebisgan, rogoricaa, magaliTad, Senaxva, warmoeba, gadazidva an gaiydva.

26

iani wlebis dasawyisSi uprecedentod maRali iyo narkotikebis momxmarebelTa

ricxvi. eqspertebi miiCnevdnen, rom cixe axdenda narkomanTa izolacias da metad

arTulebda maTi socialuri reintegraciis process, amasTan, ar amcirebda nar-

kotikuli danaSaulis maCvenebels.

dekriminalizaciis Semdeg portugaliaSi piris narkotikuli zemoqmedebis

qveS yofnis an narkotikebis mcire raodenobiT (arasarealizeacio mizniT) aR-

moCenis SemTxvevaSi, es piri waredgineba specialurad Seqmnil e.w. gadarwmunebis

komitets, narkotiks ki CamoarTmeven. komitetis wevrebi esaubrebian mas. komite-

ti, romelsac garkveuli msubuqi sanqciebis gamoyenebis uflebamosileba aqvs, da-

kompleqtebulia socialuri muSakiT, iuristiTa da fsiqiatriT, romlebic pirTan

individualuri midgomis safuZvelze iReben gadawyvetilebas samarTaldamrRve-

vis mimarT sanqciis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb: jarima 25-dan 150 evromde, Tanamdebobisa

da saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva, garkveul adgilebSi (gasarTobi centrebi da

a.S.) Sesvlis akrZalva, ucxoeTSi gamgzavrebis SezRudva.

narkotikebze damokidebuli adamiani SeiZleba CarTon sareabilitacio prog-

ramaSi an daekisros sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma. komitets ar SeuZlia

pirs dauniSnos iZulebiTi mkurnaloba an daakisros sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeb-

lo Sroma, misi gadawyvetilebebi sarekomendacio xasiaTisaa da nebayoflobiT

sruldeba. nebayoflobiT mkurnalobis SemTxvevaSi sanqciebi Cerdeba.

dekriminalizaciis Sedegebi dadebiTi aRmoCnda: narkotikuli danaSau-

lis mimarT midgomis Secvlam met-naklebad Seamcira rogorc daavadebebi, aseve

narkomanTa raodenoba. 2009 wels kvleviTma centrma `Cato Institute”-is monace-

mebi gamoaqveyna, romlis mixedviTac, kanonis miRebidan 5 wlis manZilze mniSv-

nelovnad Semcirda narkodanaSauli mozardebSi; Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT

gaTvaliswinebuli sasjeli Terapiam Caanacvla; cixeebSi gacilebiT Semcirda

narkodamokidebulTa ricxvi; warmatebuli aRmoCnda narkodamokidebulebisagan

gaTavisuflebis organo, e.w. gadarwmunebis komiteti, romelic ara iusticiis sa-

ministros, aramed jandacvis saministros daqvemdebarebaSia da sadac mosamarTle

da policia ar aris CarTuli. mis winaSe yovelwliurad saSualod 7500 adamiani

warsdgeba.

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi saWiroa SemuSavdes narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis

dekriminalizaciis Sesaxeb kanonproeqti. narkomomxmareblebs gankurnebisa da

sazogadoebaSi integraciis ufro meti Sansi miecemaT, vidre amas sapatimrodan

gamosulebi moaxerxeben. didi albaTobiT, dekriminalizaciis Semdeg SesaZlebeli

gaxdeba e.w. farul narkomomxmareblebis wvdoma, romelTac ar aqvT kontaqti jan-

dacvis sferosTan. faruli narkomomxmareblebi safrTxeSi arian ara mxolod imi-

tom, rom Tavad SeiZleba daavaddnen SidsiT an С-hepatitiT, aramed aseve safrTxes

uqmnian mTel sazogadoebasac.

27

dekriminalizaciis paralelurad aucilebelia pirveladi prevenciis

zomebis miReba – skolis asakidan mozardebTan da Semdegom umaRles saswavleb-

lebSi studentebTan narkotikebis Temaze aqtiuri muSaoba unda ganxorcieldes,

raTa penitencialuri sistemis mimarT SiSi narkotikebis moxmarebis erTaderTi

Semakavebeli faqtori ar iyos. prevenciuli saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebi farTo

da yovlismomcveli unda iyos. saswavlo dawesebulebebSi moswavleebisa da stu-

dentebisTvis permanentulad unda Catardes Sexvedrebi, sadac miwodebuli in-

formacia unda iyos amomwuravi da ara mxolod negatiuri Sedegebis Cvenebaze

orientirebuli. antinarkotikuli saswavlo programa ganaTlebis principebs unda

emyarebodes, ris Sedegadac axalgazrdebi gadawyvetilebis miRebas informaciis

safuZvelze SesZleben.

alternativa # 2 – narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis liberal-

izacia

narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni moicavs ukanono mflo-

belobidan an brunvidan amoRebuli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli

nivTierebebis mcire, didi da gansakuTrebiT didi odenobebis nusxas. Sesabamis-

ad, nusxaSi nivTierebebs aqvT miniWebuli sakuTari mcire, didi da gansakuTrebT

didi odenoba. magaliTad, opiumis nayenis mcire odenoba aris 0.3 gr., didi _

3 gr., gansakuTrebiT didi _ 30 gr.; piri, 0.3 gr. heroinis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi,

pirvel jerze pasuxisgebaSi miecema administraciuli kodeqsis 45-e muxlis mixed-

viT, xolo ganmeorebiT aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi _ sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 273-e

muxliT.

narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis liberalizaciaSi vgulisxmobT

ukanono mflobelobidan an brunvidan amoRebuli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da

fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis mcire odenobis gazrdas da masze sasjelis vadis

Semcirebas.

aqedan gamomdinare, meore alternativis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa

cvli lebebi Sevides `narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis,

prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ kanonSi. kerZod, 1) gaiz-

ardos zogierTi nivTierebis mcire odenoba. 2) moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT ar aris

gansazRvruli mravali narkotikuli saSualebis (magaliTad, eqstazis (MDMA))

mcire odenoba da, Sesabamisad, am narkotikebis nebismieri odenoba, romelic

SeiZleba aRmoaCndes adamians, kvalificirdeba, rogorc didi odenoba, rac sisx-

lis samarTlis kodeqsis 260-e muxliT isjeba da Tavisuflebis aRkveTas vadiT 11

wlamde iTvaliswinebs.

narkotikuli nivTierebis piradi moxmarebis liberalizaciis paralelu-

rad aucilebelia pirvel alternativaSi aRniSnuli aqtiuri saganmanaTleblo

RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba.

28

alternativa # 3 – `status-kvo~

e.w. nulovani alternativa gulisxmobs arsebuli mdgomareobis ucvlelad

SenarCunebas. arsebuli mdgomareoba ki Semdegia: qveyanaSi aqcenti ufro metad

narkotikuli nivTierebis aralegalur brunvasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulis

gamovlenasa da aRkveTaze keTdeba, vidre narkotikebis moxmarebis prevenciaze.

xorcieldeba narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis 2013-2015 wlebis samoqmedo gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebuli aqtivobebi:

• axali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis miwodebis Semcirebis mizniT SemuSavda axal

fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis pake-

ti, romlis mixedviTac moxda qimiur naerTTa klasebis kriminalizacia;

• `saafTiaqo narkomaniis~ dasaZlevad saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom

da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministrom Sei-

muSaves sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, romlis mixedviTac kriminalizebul iqna

kodeinis, efedrinis, norefedrinisa da fsevdoefedrinis Semcveli kombinire-

buli samkurnalo saSualebebis aralegaluri brunva;

• Tbilisis saerTaSoriso aeroportSi daiwyo kinologiuri proeqti, romlis

mizania narkotikebis aralegaluri brunvis aRkveTa. proeqtis farglebSi Sina-

gan saqmeTa da finansTa saministros warmomadgenlebisgan Seqmnilia opera-

tiuli danayofi, romelic aeroportSi narkotikuli saSualebebis aRmoCenis

sakiTxebze samomsaxureo ZaRlebTan erTad muSaobs;

• narkotikul danaSaulTan brZolis efeqturobis gazrdisTvis mimdinareobs Sss-

is TanamSromelTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba. am mizniT isini sxvadasxva treningSi

iReben monawileobas.

narkomoxmarebis prevenciis calkeul aqts warmoadgens Sss-is mier Catare-

buli antinarkotikuli sainformacio kampaniebi. 2014 wlis martidan, sazogadoe-

baSi narkotikebis da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis avadmoxmarebis sakiTxze cno-

bierebis gazrdisa da mosaxleobaSi jansaRi wesis popularizaciis mizniT, Sss-m

daiwyo antinarkotikuli kampania ̀ ara _ bionarkotiks~. antinarkotikuli kampaniis

farglebSi Sss ministri da saministros sxva warmomadgenlebi, jandacvis sferos

warmomadgenlebTan erTad, skolebsa da universitetebSi xvdebian axalgazrdebs.

isini maT acnoben rogorc narkotikebis aralegalur brunvasTan dakavSirebul

samarTlebriv Sedegebs, aseve narkotikebis moxmarebis negatiur gavlenas adamia-

nis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobaze.

upiratesi alternativis SesarCevad ganvixiloT warmodgenili alterna-

tivebis mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica, multifaqtoruli analizi e.w. `gesTime-

iTis~ meTodiT (ix. cxrili # 1).

29

cxrili # 1

alternativebis mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica, multifaqtoruli analizi e. w.

,,gesTimeiTis~ meTodiT (skala 1-5-mde)kr

iter

iume

bi

narko

momx

mareb

elTa

rao

den

obi

s Se

mcir

eba

narko

tik

ebis

moxm

areb

is d

awye

bis

maCv

eneb

lis

Sem

cir

eba

narko

tik

ebis

moxm

areb

iT s

azoga

-doeb

isTvi

s m

iyen

ebul

i zia

nis

Semc

ireb

a

narko

momx

mareb

elTa

res

ocia

l-

izac

iis

maCv

eneb

lis

zrda

ganx

orcie

leb

is v

adeb

i

sul

ranJireba (%) 20 30 25 20 5

alternativa 1 6 12 10 10 2 40

alternativa 2 4 12 5 6 1,5 28,5

alternativa 3 4 9 2,5 4 1 20,5

rogorc matricidan Cans, narkomoxmarebis prevenciisTvis pirvel alterna-

tivas aqvs Sedegianobis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli.

rekomendaciebi

winamdebare naSromSi analizis safuZvelze sami alternatiuli modelidan

upiratesad SevarCieT pirveli – narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis dekriminali-

zacia. SerCeuli alternativis gansaxorcieleblad rekomendebulia gadaidgas

Semdegi nabijebi:

• Seiqmnas eqspertebiT da Sesabamisi uwyebebis warmomadgenlebiT dakompleqte-

buli jgufi, romelic detalurad Seiswavlis narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis

dekriminalizaciis evropul gamocdilebas.

• evropul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT SemuSavdes kanonproeqti, romlis mixed-

viTac moxdeba narkotikebis piradi moxmarebis dekriminalizacia.

• narkotikuli nivTierebebis moxmarebisa da narkotikuli danaSaulis prevenci-

is mizniT saswavlo dawesebulebebSi gaaqtiurdes da metad intensiuri gaxdes

saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebi.

• jandacvis saministros Sesabamisma struqturebma gazardon samkurnalo, ro-

gorc fsiqosocialuri, ise farmakologiuri tipis programebis raodenoba.

30

narkodamokidebuli pirebis mkurnalobaSi unda moiazrebodes iseTi servisi,

romelic narkodamokidebulebis Semcirebasa da pirTa sazogadoebaSi reinte-

gracias emsaxureba.

• narkotikul danaSaulebebTan brZolisaTvis moxdes samarTaldamcav organoTa

institucionaluri gaZliereba da TanamSromelTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba.

• sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebis kuTxiT mediasaSualebebma gaagrZelon

zemoaRniSnul Tematikaze videorgolebis gaSveba da gadacemebis momzadeba.

• gaRrmavdes TanamSromloba iusticiis, Sinagan saqmeTa, jandacvis, ganaTlebis

da mecnierebis, sportisa da axalgazrdobis saministroebsa da aseve nar-

kotikebis Tematikaze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Soris.

daskvna

narkomaniis efeqtiani saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi kontroli SesaZle-

beli gaxdeba mxolod kompleqsuri, Tanmimdevruli da dabalansebuli antinar-

kotikuli politikiT, romlis umTavresi Semadgeneli nawilic iqneba prevencia.

iqidan gamomdinare, rom prevenciuli saqmianoba narkotikebis avadmoxmarebisa da

misgan gamowveuli zianis Tavidan acilebas gulisxmobs, man bavSvs/axalgazrdas/

moqalaqes unda misces jansaRi cxovrebis wesis sasargeblod arCevanis gakeTebis

saTanado codna. prevenciuli midgoma unda efuZnebodes ara akrZalvebsa da das-

jis SiSs, aramed arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZleblobis Seqmnas. Sesabamisad, skolebSi

Camo yalibebuli prevenciis erovnuli programebi da narkotikebis piradi mox-

marebis dekriminalizacia saukeTeso gza iqneba saqarTveloSi narkomoxmarebis

pirveladi da meoradi prevenciisa da narkomoxmarebaze moTxovnis Semcirebis-

Tvis.

narkotikebze moTxovnis Semcireba gamoiwvevs: narkotikebis moxmarebis daw-

yebis Semcirebas; narkotikebis avadmoxmarebis Semcirebas; narkomaniiT daavade-

bul pirTa ricxvis Semcirebas; narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli sikvdiliano-

bis Semcirebas; narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli garTulebebis Semcirebas;

narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetaze finansuri da socialuri

danaxarjebis Semcirebas; narkotikebis moxmarebiT sazogadoebisTvis miyenebuli

zianis Semcirebas.

31

bibliografia

1. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros 2014 wlis ganviTarebis strategia

2. narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis saxelmwifo strategia, 2014

3. narkotikebis moxmareba saqarTveloSi, zianis Semcirebis saqarTvelos qseli, 2012

4. saqarTvelos narkopolitikis samoqmedo gegma mkurnalobisa da riskis minimizaciis sferoSi 2007-2009 wlebisTvis, jozef radimecki, daviT oTiaSvili, vano cercvaZe

5. narkotikuli saSualebebis kontroli saqarTveloSi: narkotestireba da narkotikebis moxmarebis Semcireba? daviT oTiaSvili, peter saroSi, gabor l. samogia

6. narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi 2012, wliuri angariSi, `alternative jorjia~

7. World Drug Report, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2014

8. Country Report: Georgia, 2014 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR), Bureau of Inter-national Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Departments of State

9. Drug policy profiles, Country overview: Georgia, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

10. Taking Control: Pathways to Drugs That Work, Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2014

11. The Negative Impact of the War on Drugs on Public Health: The Hidden Hepatitis C Epidemic, Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2013

12. The War on Drugs and HIV/AIDS: How the Criminalization of Drug Use Fuels the Global Pandemic, Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2012

13. www.economist.com/node/14309861

14. www.content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1893946,00.html#ixzz2MYxin5VT

15. www.beckleyfoundation.org/bib/doc/bf/2007_Caitlin_211672_1.pdf

16. www.drugscope.org.uk/resources/faqs/faqpages/does-drug-education-stop-drug-use

17. www.altgeorgia.ge/2012/myfiles/EU%20legislation%20and%20practice%20on%20drug%20use[1].%20Ge.pdf

84

Eter Buziashvili

Senior Inspector Division of Monitoring and Analysis of the Occupied Territories

Analytical Main Division, Information-Analytical DepartmentMinistry of Internal Affairs of Georgia

Priorities of Drug Abuse Prevention Policies in Georgia

S U M M A R Y

The fight against drug crime in Georgia is mainly manifested in toughening the sanctions against drug dealers, increasing the penalties for drug users and, in the cases of repeated use, instituting criminal proceedings against them. The main focus is on exposing and eliminating the crime related to illegal trade in narcotic substances rather than on preventing drug use. The public policy paper describes the problems existing in the country in regard to the use of drugs as well as their prevention, it overviews alternative solutions and provides recommendations for the implementation of best alternatives.

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