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Wireless Charging for Smartphone
Kandan Jayaraj (A0028319E)
Karthik TR (A0082036M)
Sathish Narayanan (A0080102A)
Jaskirat Kaur (A0077146B)
Wong Wee Yap (A0077152H)
Tonmoy Kundu (A0028202X)
2 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Presentation Outline
Smartphones
Current Trends – Impact on Power
Wireless Charging Products for the Smartphone
Charging your Smartphone – Current Technology
ENERGY GAP in Smartphones
Value Proposition – Road to True Mobility
Our Vision of Wireless Charging
Wireless Hotspots
Technology Progress
Cost Structure and Trends
Market Drivers
Array of Opportunities
Future of Wireless Charging
3 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Current Trends in Smartphones – Impact on
Power
Convergence of communication,
entertainment and computing
More transistors and migration to smaller, leakier
geometries
New Apps , Need for Speed High performance power
hungry processors
Higher Memory Memory consumes more
power
Increased talk time demand and craze for smaller, sleeker
devices Higher battery capacity
Whatever be the technological advancements, it
ends up asking for MORE POWER
4 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Wireless Charging Products for Smartphones
Cost = $4.70 each (in USD) Cost = $3.60 each (in USD)
Skins
Cases / Covers
Charge Pads / Bundle Kits
Inductive Coupling
IT IS CHEAP!!
5 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Wired
Equipment Portability
User Mobility
Safety
Li-ion technology
15+ years old
Simple energy storage, one cell
system, minimized packing
Power and energy: well balanced
Charging your Smarphone – Current technology
6 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Relative performance improvements in Li
Battery technology VS HDD / CPU
7 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
IMPLICATIONS TO CHARGING SYSTEM:
Battery Capacity – Fails to meet demand
Charging Interval – More frequent
Variance in System Charging Performance
Energy Gap in Smartphones
8 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
• Battery is not sufficient to fulfill Smartphone power needs Problem
• Use wireless technology to fill the energy gap Solution
• Wireless energy product that allows ‘recharging on the go’ -
convenient and practical manner – True Mobility Value Proposition
Value Proposition – Road to True Mobility
Wireless
Charging
Our Vision for
WIRELESS CHARGING
10 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Wireless Charging Hotspots
AC Electricity
Circuit Hotspot Source
Oscillating Magnetic Field
The mobile phone is
powered to tune to the
same frequency as the
hotspot source and in
the process of
resonant magnetic
coupling, power is
transferred.
11 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Wireless Charging Hotspots
12 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Intelligent Wireless Charging System
•Wireless power Detection
•ID and Energy Demand
communication
•Request for Charging
Power Receiver Power Transmitter
•Wake up from IDLE mode
•Power Receivers Authentication
•Power Transfer according to
Energy Demands Adaptive
Power Transfer Mode
•Power Charge Complete
•Power Transmitter/IDLE
Mode (optional)
•Power Transfer Off
•Switch to IDLE mode
•Wireless power Detection
•ID and Energy Demand
communication
•Multiple Request for
Charging
•Wake up from IDLE mode
•Power Receiver Authentication
•Power Transfer according to
Energy Demand
13 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Range
Near Field
Inductive Coupling
Resonance Coupling
Far Field
RF / Microwave
Technology Paradigm – Wireless charging
14 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
EM Resonance Coupling
• Superior to inductive charging
• Offer larger distances between the charged device
and the source
• Easily charge multiple gadgets simultaneously,
regardless of their position
• Can transmit across barriers
Range
Near Field
Inductive Coupling
Resonance Coupling
Far Field
Microwave / RF
• Blue line: Magnetic Fields
Created when the current
flows through the coil
• Yellow line: Flow of
energy from the sources
to Capture Coil
Is it practical to develop
this technology for the
mass market?
15 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Wireless Charging Hotspots: Road to
Mainstream Market
Understanding the Roadmap from Labs to Market
R&D Commercialization Market Adoption
3 Major Factors:
Technology Progress – Efficiency vs Distance / Efficiency vs Size
o Efficiency Improvement
Better Design
Better Materials
Cost Structure and Trends
o Cost of Ownership vs Market Adoption
Market Drivers
Wireless Charging Hotspots
Technology Progress
17 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Wired
Wireless AC->DC
50Hz
DC->AC
Hi-Freq
AC->DC
50Hz
DC->AC
HiFreq
AC->DC
AC->DC
Magnetic f
ield
Connecto
r
Charge
control
Charge
control
Energy
storage
efficiency
Energy
storage
efficiency
XX% 90% 99% 70%
99%
Up to 80%
~1% cable loss
Efficiency Break-down: Wired vs Wireless
Charger Smartphone
Transmitter / Charger Smartphone
18 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
10-2
Distance [m]
10-1 100 (1 meter) 10
1 (10 meters)
Inductive Pad Solutions
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
(1 W)
101
(10 W)
102
(100 W)
Tran
sfer
red
po
wer
[W
]
Magnetic coupled Resonance, +60% efficiency
Proximity coupling Vicinity coupling
High Efficiency
High Power
Low Power
Near Field Wireless Charging: Distance vs Efficiency
19 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency E
ffic
ien
cy
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Distance (m)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Inductive
coupling to
Resonant
Inductive
Coupling
Kurs, Moffat and Soljačić —
found that powering two
devices at once led to higher
efficiency than one device
alone.
Team from MIT,
wirelessly power a
60W light bulb
with 40%
efficiency at a 2
metres
VISION
Pushing the Mid-Range Efficiency Curve Outwards
20 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency
Source: Simultaneous mid-range power transfer to multiple devices
André Kurs, Robert Moffatt, and Marin Soljačić
The efficiency should continue to rise as more devices are added,
climbing toward a theoretical limit of 100 percent.
The two receiving coils resonate with each other
as well as with the transmitting coil, and help to
reinforce the strength of the magnetic field.
Technology Driven by Mass Adoption
21 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: JiWire Mobile Audience Insights Report
We anticipate the market for Wireless Charging Hotspot trend will follow
that of the Wi-Fi adoption Trend and the scaling effect driving efficiency
up.
Technology Driven by Mass Adoption
22 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Transmitter
Receiver
• The Coils offer inductance for resonance at desired frequency.
• Size - Bigger the coil, higher the efficiency
• Higher coil Q factor offer longer range
Q = Quality factor of Transmitter / Receiver coil
Near Field Wireless Charging: Size vs Efficiency
23 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Reducing Receiver Coil Size
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency
1. A large size difference of the coils
reduces efficiency – Problem for Mobile
Charging with Hotspots
2. A higher Quality Factor of coils pushes
the efficiency curve up
Source: Limitation of inductive
power transfer for consumer
application
Eberhard Waffenschmidt, Philips
Research
Typical arrangement of a wireless inductive power
transmission system.
24 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency
K – coupling coefficient
Q1 – Quality Factor of Transmitter coil
Q2 – Quality Factor of Receiver Coil
Improving K,Q1 or Q2 will drive
efficiency of resonant magnetic
coupling and performance despite
limitations created by varying coil
sizes
Reducing Receiver Coil Size – How do we improve Efficiency ?
Improving K, Q1 or Q2
Better Design
Better Materials
25 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency
The multi-layer design incorporating lamination of four layers together with width
variation exhibited a Q-factor improvement of 150% in comparison to the single-
layer inductor.
Research conducted to improve Q2 –
through Better Design
Source:
Watt-Level Wireless Power Transfer Based on Stacked Flex Circuit Technology,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
*National Semiconductor Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA
Reducing Receiver Coil Size – How do we improve Efficiency ?
26 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency
As the spacing decreases between the elements, the magnitude of the coupling
between that structure and the receiving element increases Coupling coefficient
(k) increases
Research conducted to improve k –
through Better Design
Source:
Optimization of Near Field Coupling for Efficient Power Transfer Utilizing Multiple
Coupling Structures , Devin Wells Williams
Reducing Receiver Coil Size – How do we improve Efficiency ?
27 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency
The use of negative-index Metamaterials to enhances coupling coefficient (k) of
two resonators and improves efficiency.
Research conducted to improve k –
through Better Materials
Reducing Receiver Coil Size – How do we improve Efficiency ?
Source:
Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency Enhancement With Metamaterials,
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES
28 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Overcoming Barriers: Push for Efficiency
Recent Research Breakthrough on Wireless Power Transfer
March 14, 2012
Wireless Charging Hotspots
Cost Structure & Trends
30 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Efficiency Vs Cost
Increasing the number of stacks
Adding Material
Reducing space between coils
Increasing Efficiency– Impact on Cost
31 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Powdered-iron-based, wireless
charging receiving coil
Cost = USD $5.48
TI’s bq51013 Receiver IC
Cost = USD $3.50
TI’s bq500210 Transmitter IC
Cost = USD $3.95
Cost Analysis for Wireless Charging – BOM Level
32 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Cost Analysis for Wireless Charging: Reducing
Cost – In the footsteps of Integrated Circuits ???
1] Increasing the
number of stacks
2] Adding
Material
3] Reducing space
between coils 1] More process steps overtime
2] Increasing number of layers with technology node
3] Smaller and smaller feature Size overtime
Cost Reduction in IC manufacturing had been
possible with advances in science enabled by
research, better manufacturing equipment with
benefits from reduction in scale.
33 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Improvements in System Integration - Size & Cost
Path to delivering Power on to the IC directly System Integration 3D IC and SiP Power delivery from coil/inductor to the Die
34 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
WIFI vs Wireless Power Transfer
Wireless Adapter Transmits Radio
Signal. Router Receives the Signal.
Data Transfer Rate declines with distance
Efficiency
Push
True Mobility attained from shifting to
Wireless
35 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Cost Reductions in Wireless Power
Integrated Circuit (IC)
Wireless Power Chip Set Pricing Forecast (Anticipated)
(in dollars)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2011 - Texas Instruments Incorporated introduced its
next-generation bqTESLA™ wireless power
transmitter integrated circuit (IC). The IC lowers the
transmitter bill of materials cost by more than 50
percent, compared to existing solutions, by integrating
the transmitter and supporting components into a
single chip.
4.50
9.10
The price of wireless routers fell from
$1,000 in 2000 to just $59 in 2004. - Dean Takahashi, San Jose Mercury News.
Latest reports suggest the
inclusion of the
"revolutionary" wireless
charging feature in Galaxy
S3. – International Business Times,
March 22,2012.
Market
Adoption
36 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Mobile Apps for Intelligent Wireless Charging
Apps will help to
Increase efficiency of wireless
charging
Control the cost of charging for
consumers
Make the product more
economically feasible and
commercially viable Wireless Hotspot Detected: - NUS Hspot ))))))) Excellent
- McD Hspot ))) Average
Estimated cost for full charge: $0.10
Amount in account: $10.32
Top-up account
Share power mode
Wireless Charging Hotspots
Market Drivers
38 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Market Drivers for Wireless Charging
User Expectation
Limits to Competing Technologies
Efficiency Improvements
Rapid Market Growth
Road to
True Mobility
39 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Wireless Charging System Scenarios
40 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Advantages of Wireless charging
Universal wireless charging environment
Convenient & Simple to use
Safe, Reliable & Efficient
Low Maintenance Cost
Environmentally Protective
More Energy Savings
Reduction of Electronic Waste
41 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Array of Opportunities
Consumer Electronics
• Laptops
• Digital Cameras
• Television / Media Remotes / Gaming controls
Industrial Applications
• Automated Material Handling
• Industrial Micro- Robots
Biomedical Devices
• Implants
• Pacemakers
• Defibrillators
Other Applications
• Electric Vehicles
• LED Lighting
• Military Applications
Wireless Charging Solutions
42 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Future of Wireless Power - Consumer Electronics
Wireless Power will change our world…
AT WORK
IN THE AIR
AT THE HOTEL
AT THE CAFE
ON THE GO
AT HOME
43 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
AT WORK
Digital Camera
Cell Phone
Laptop
Coffee Mug
44 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
IN THE AIR
Cell Phone
/ Kindle
Laptop
45 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
AT THE HOTEL
Digital Camera
Kindle
Laptop
Cell Phone
46 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
AT THE CAFÉ
Cell Phone
Blender
Laptop
Coffee Mug
Kindle
47 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
ON THE GO
Parking Lot
Cell Phone / Bluetooth Device
Media Player
GPS Tracking System
Charging Car Battery
48 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
AT HOME
Cell Phone
Laptop
Blender
Electric Pan
49 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
AT HOME
50 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Conclusion
Wireless Charging is Smart Charging
Wireless Charging would be extremely beneficial to society
Efficient & much better than conventional wired power
Freedom of movement in charging area
Eliminates tangled cords
GREEN & Universal
It is a universal, interoperable solution that meets and anticipates
immediate and future consumer needs
In near future, the world will be completely
WIRELESS!
51 MT5009: Analyzing Hi-Technology Opportunities – Group Project
Wireless Charging of Smartphone
Are you Still Wired ??