X-Ray Powder DiffractionXRPDXRD

E = h c / λ E = 12.398 / λλ = 12.398 / V E in (keV) and λ in (Ǻ)1 (nm) = 10 (Ǻ)

X-Ray is an Electromagnetic radiation

λ = 2 d sin θ ,Bragg Law

X-Rays Diffraction

أشعة سينية متوازية تسقط على مستويات بلورية متوازية dتفصل بينها مسافة-

لمعرفة كيفية وجود هذه المستويات البلورية ، البد من التعرف أعلى تركيب العينة التي في الحالة الصلبة

Sample : Powders

Lose Powders Bound Powders: Metal

The best Grain size : (1 – 10) μm or Crystallite size : (1000 – 10000) nm

The Chemical Unit of Mn(H2O)6 . (ClO4)2

The Unit Cell of Mn(H2O)6 . (ClO4)2

The Crystal Structure of Mn(H2O)6 . (ClO4)2

Regular arrangementLattice planes

The Unit Cell of NaCl

Debye-Scherrer Camera

Debye-Scherrer Film

X-Ray Diffractometer

XRPD of MgCr2O4 , Cr2O3 , MgO and Mixed of the three

Crystalline and Non-Crystalline (Amorphous) SiO2

XRPD‘s of the SiO2 phases (polymorphs)

ICDD card

Example from the Hanawalt Search Manual

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

©ICDD 1976. Used with permission from the International Centre for Diffraction Data.