Yangon Ba Swe to TPM

8/14/2019 Yangon Ba Swe to TPM

1/79


2/79

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY tdwfzGifhay;pm

xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;

yD'Dtufzfxkwfa0jcif; ; yxrtBudrf

xkwfa0umv ; 2009 ck ESpf? Zlvdkifv

tkyfa& ; uefYowfrxm;

pkpnf;ol ; cohtet

pmtkyftjyiftqif ; cohtet

rsufESmzkH; ; umwGef;armifpdef

jrefrmusL;ypf 2222


3/79


4/79


&efukefbaqG rS&efukefbaqG rS&efukefbaqG rS&efukefbaqG rS

OD;odef;azjrifh odkYOD;odef;azjrifh odkYOD;odef;azjrifh odkYOD;odef;azjrifh odkYtdwfzGifhay;pmtdwfzGifhay;pmtdwfzGifhay;pmtdwfzGifhay;pm

pmtkyfESifhywfoufaomwm0eft&yf&yfonfa&;olESifhomoufqdkifonf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 4444


5/79


&efukefbaqG \&efukefbaqG \&efukefbaqG \&efukefbaqG \trSmtrSmtrSmtrSm

cspfaompmzwfolrsm;odkY -cspfaompmzwfolrsm;odkY -cspfaompmzwfolrsm;odkY -cspfaompmzwfolrsm;odkY -

usaemf onfpmrsdK;udk ra&;vdkyg/ odkYaomf a&;bdkY&ef taMumif;uzef vmonf/

Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmonf? ,ck awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& wuf

vmrS tBudrf tawmfrsm;rsm;? usaemfhudk xdyg;ykwfcwf a&;vmonf/wcgw&H taMumif;rJh tvGwfcsvmonf/

usaemf rnfodkYrQ rawG;wwfatmif jzpf&\/ usaemfonfEdkifiHa&;orm;vnf; r[kwf? EdkifiHa&; rvkyfawmh/

usaemf EdkifiHa&; rvkyfcJhonfrSm? atmifqef ; tufwvDpmcsKyf

vufcHNyD;onfh tcsdefu p jzpf\/

rdrd 0rf;pmtwGuf? 0ifaiG&onfhtvkyf wpkHwck r&SdbJ? EdkifiHa&;vkyf&if; xrif;pm; aeEdkifonfh b0rsdK;udk? usaemf rowD/

xdkYaMumifh? wm0eftm;vkH;rS uif;vGwfaom? 0rf;pmtwGuf pma&;pm;onf/ dk ;dk; olvdkigvdk t&yfom; wa,muf jzpf&um;? usaemfonf

vGwfvyfpGmaeonf/ rnfonfh ae&mrqdk vlBuD;vkyf&ef pdwfrul;?vlBuD;wdkY apmifhpnf; xdef;odrf;&onfh tda`Eodumvnf; rapmifhpnf;/

Oyrm? kyf&Sifdkufonf/ jyZmwfuonf/ wD;0dkif;xJ 0ifxdkifonf/ t&ufaopm aomufpm;onf/

vdk? bmudkrS rajr mfrSef; r&nfG ,fonfh usaemfhtm;?

Adkvfwaxmifu tBudrfBudrf csvmonf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 5555


6/79


usaemfu rnfodkYrQ rwkHYjyefbJ aeaomtcg? usaemfh &Jabmf &JbufawGESifh dk;dk;awGYqkHrI? tultnDay;rI wdk Yudkyif ykHBuD;csJYvmum?wefjyefawmfvSefa&;orm; jzpfatmif vkyfBuHvmonf/

awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&\ txiftjrif rSm;jcif ; cH&atmif a&;om;vmonf/

usaemf\ &Jabmf&Jbufrsm;onf? usaemf\ apwem ESifh opmudk? woufvkH; av;pm;,kH Munf cJhMuaomfvnf;? twdkif; Nidrfaequfvuf ajymyga&;ygrsm;u ,kHxifaMumifxif jzpfvmvdrfhrnfudk pdk;&drfvmonf/

xdkYaMumifh usaemfhtzdkY? &efrvdkygrS &efydkydkvmaomaMumifh? ]]uJ ..csMu pwrf; qdkvQif? csMupdkY&JU}} [k OD;odef;azjrifhodkY tdwfzGifhay;pmudktoufnmqkH; a&;om;vdkufonf/

odkYaomf .. usaemfhbufu csufjcif; jyefa&;bdkY qkH;jzwfonfr[kwf/ apmifhMunfhaeao;\/

cspfpG maom pmzwfolwdkYud k a0zef qkH;jzwfEdkifavmufatmif?jzpfaMumif;i,frS ukefpif&rnf qdkaomf ..

19.9.63 aeYpGJESif h xkwf aom Adkvf waxmif owif;pmwGifatmufazmfjyyg owif;wyk'f ygvm\/

jrefrmusL;ypf 6666


7/79


aygif;wnf y u & z ESifhaygif;wnf y u & z ESifhaygif;wnf y u & z ESifhaygif;wnf y u & z ESifh

jynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;jynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;jynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;jynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;

pma&;q&mtoif;OuXBuD;pma&;q&mtoif;OuXBuD;pma&;q&mtoif;OuXBuD;pma&;q&mtoif;OuXBuD;

AdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; xH vmawGYonfAdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; xH vmawGYonfAdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; xH vmawGYonfAdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; xH vmawGYonf

aygif;wnf pufwifbm 15

aygif;wnfNrdKUrS AdkvfrSL;csKyf atmifBuD; nD OD;atmifav;ESifh OD;xGef;&if wdkYydkif jynfvkH;Mobm qefpuf\ ta&;ygaom yk*dKvfrsm;ESifhyu&z rIxrf;rsm;udk pokH;vkH;rS ,aeY xyfrH zrf;qD;vdkufNyD[k qdk\/

cdkifvkHNyDcdkifvkHNyDcdkifvkHNyDcdkifvkHNyD

pufwifbm 12 &ufaeY nrS pwif ppfaq;cJh&m ,cktcg taMumif;tcsuf tawmfcdkifvkH aeNyD jzpfonfhtwG uf jynfvkH;MobmqefpufrS ta&;BuD;onfh yk*dKvfrsm; jzpfMuaom OD;atmif'if? OD;ausmf&if?udkarmifodef;? OD;armifuGef;? OD;uGef;armif ESifh OD;odef; wdkYtm; ppfaq;zrf;qD;onf/

ZkHrefae*smygZkHrefae*smygZkHrefae*smygZkHrefae*smyg

y&uz rS ,cif ZkHrefae*sm OD;[efpdef? a'owm0efcH OD;0if;odef;?pyg;Xme OD;tkH;ausmf ESifh e,fvSnfh pyg;t0,f'dkifrsm;rS yu&z rIxrf;rsm; jzpfMuonfh OD;vSpdef? OD;Mobm? OD;pdefuwkH;? OD;apmvI dif? OD;xGef;&Sdef?OD;BuD;armif ESifh udkodef;aqGwdkYtm; zrf;qD;vdkufonf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 7777


8/79


nppf reufzrf;nppf reufzrf;nppf reufzrf;nppf reufzrf;

yu&z rIxrf;rsm; jzpfMuonfh OD;apmvIdif? OD;pdefuwkH;?

OD;BuD;armif? OD;xGef;&Sdef? OD;Mobm ESif h udkod ef;aqGwdkY pokH;vkH;rSpufwifbm 12 &ufaeY nwGif ac:,lppfaq;NyD; 13 &ufaeY eHeuf 10em&DwGif zrf;qD;vdkufjcif; jzpfonfqdk\/

a'owm0ef cH OD;0if;odef;tm; 12 &ufaeYwGif ac:,lppfaq;NyD;14 &ufaeY noef;acgif tcsdefwGif jyefvTwfvdkufNyD;aemuf ,aeYeHeuf 8 em&DwGif zrf;qD;vdkufjcif; jzpf\/ ,cif ZkHrefae*sm OD;[efpdeftm; &efukefrS ac:,lNyD; ,aeYeHeuf 4 em&D &xm;jzif h aygif;wnfodkY vd kufygvmonf/ 4if;tm; zrf;qD; vdkufjyefonf/ ,ck tzrf; cH&olrsm;tm; ,aeYaeYvnf 1 em&D 10 rdepf tcsdefwGif ukefwifum; trSwf 3281 jzifh jynfNrdKUodkY tapmifhta&Smufrsm;jzifh ydk YvdkufNyD[kMum;od&\/

OD;atmifav;? OD;xGef;&if? OD;vSazwdk Y 3 OD;rSm &efukefa&mufaeonf/ aygif;wnfodkY owif;a&;aeonfh tcsdefxd jyefra&mufMuao;[k qdk\/ owif;w&yf tqdkt& &efukefwGif a&Smifwdrf; aeMuonf[k Mum;&\/ odkYaomf jyemrsm;tm;vma&mufajz&Sif; Edkifvdrfhrnfqdk\/

pokH;vkH;rS vma&muf ppfaq;&mwGif t"du tcsuftm;jzifh

bPfacs;aiGrsm;/ pyg; ta&mif;t0,f udp rsm;ESif h tpdk;&ESifh qefta&mif;t0,f udp rsm; jzpfonf/ yu&z rS zrf;qD;xm;onfhrIxrf;rsm;wGif pyg;bufXme rIxrf;yg0ifaeonf/

&efukefrS qefpuf ydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef; ESifh pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG wdkYvnf; aygif;wnfodkY

raeYu a&mufvmMuonf[k owif ;Mum;od &\/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;

jrefrmusL;ypf 8888


9/79


atmifBuD;twGuf vmMuonf[kvnf; Mum;&\/ ,aeYeHeuf 10 em&D 10 rdepfwGif AdkvfrSL;csKyf a[mif; atmifBuD;onf nDjzpfol OD;atmifav;twGuf aomu a&mufaeovm; rod/ ewfwvif;NrdKUodkY um;jzifh oGm;ocifjrodef;wdkYESifh awGYqkHMuonf [kvnf; Mum;od&\/ nae 5 em&D 10 rdepf wdwd wGif ewfwvif;rS aygif;wnfodkY jyefvmMuonfudkawGYjrif&\/

twnf rjyK&ao;aom owif ;w&yf tqdkt& &efukef armfwifbufwGif OD ;atmifav; ESifh OD;xGef;&ifwdkY ESpfOD;tm; a&Smifwdrf;ae&mrS

zrf;rdvdkufonf[k qdk \/ OD;vSaz\ owif;udk tpteyif rMum;&ao;acs/ aygif;wnfrS awmGm wGmwGif a&Smifwdrf;aeovdkvdk owif; w&yfvnf; xGufay:vmonf/ odk Yaomf tajctjrpf r&S daMumif;awGY&onf/

xdkazmfjyyg owif;xJ ]]&efukefrS qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocif jrodef; ESifh pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG wdkYvnf;

aygif;wnfodkY raeYu a&mufvmMuonf[k owif;Mum;od &\/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; twGuf vmMuonf[kvnf; Mum;&\/}} [k yg\/

qefpuf ydkif&SifawGudk ta&;,l zrf;qD;aeqJ? txl;ojzifh AdkvfrSL; csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; \ nD OD ;atmifav; qefpufudk ta&;,laeqJzrf;qD;aeqJ owif;ESifh twl ../

qefpufydk if&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef; ESifhpma&;q&m &efukefbaqG wdkY AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD ; udk vmawGY Muonf[k a&;vdk ufjcif;rSm 'DtcsdefrS usaemfu wckck 0ifa&muf aqmifGufae oa,mifa,mif? xifjrifvmMu avatmifowif;vkyfvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 9999


10/79


xdkYaMumifh r&Sif;vQif rjzpfawmhNyD jzpf&um; tqdkyg 19.9.63 aeY yif atmufyg ajz&Sif;csufud k? xGef;aeYpOf? Adkvfwaxmif ESifh aMu;rkHwdkYudk ydkYvdkufonf/

OD;odef;azjrifh odkY tdwfzGifhay;pmOD;odef;azjrifh odkY tdwfzGifhay;pmOD;odef;azjrifh odkY tdwfzGifhay;pmOD;odef;azjrifh odkY tdwfzGifhay;pm

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

av;pm;vsuf usaemfonf 8.9.63 aeYu okH;q,fNrdKUwGif usif;yaom

(vlawGonf acG;xuf rdkuf\) [laom pum;&nfvkyG Jud k tqdkacgif;aqmif tjzpfESifh oGm;a&mufajymygonf/

usaemfwd kY AdEdk;NrdKU oGm;MupOfu? auR;arG ; {nfhcHvdkufaom

pmaytzGJYi,f uav;wck\ &HykHaiG &&Sda&;twGuf oGm;a&muf ulnDjcif;jzpfygonf/

]]wvkyfpm;zl; olYaus;Zl;&,fvdkY qdkkd;&Sdw,f r[kwfygvm;Asm}}

tJ'DaeYu pum;&nfvkyGJ NyD;awmh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; &SdwJh aygif;wnfudk qufoG m;? aygif;wnfa&muf? udkatmifBuD;wdkYtdrfrSm

wntdyf? eHeuf xrif;pm;yD; tJ'D (9.9.63) aeYrSm jyefvm? &efukefa&muf/ 'gudk cifAsm;&JU Adk vfwaxmif owif;pmu 'DaeY (17.9.63)

aeYxkwf ]]jynfvkH;Mobmu jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;}} qdkwJh -

aygif;wnf pufwifbm (15) &ufaeY owif;rSm -

]]&efukefrS qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocif

jrodef; ESifh pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG wdkYvnf ; aygif;wnfodkY raeYu

jrefrmusL;ypf 10101010


11/79


a&mufvmMuonf[k owif;Mum;od &\/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;atmifBuD;twGuf [kvnf; Mum;od&\/}} .. [k a&;vdkufawmh usaemfupufwifbm (14) &ufaeYurS aygif;wnfudk a&mufovdkvdk jzpfaew,f/

trSefu tJ'D (14) &ufaeYrSm jrefrmEdkifiH yef;csD? yef;yk aumifpD trIaqmifawG&JU vkyfief;eJ Y tJ'DaeYu 3 em&DrSm xyfzGJYvdkufwJhtzGJYi,fawG&JU vkyfief;awGudk wzGJYpD &Sif;jyae&vdkY ..

EdkifiHjcm;a&muf oHkH; tBuD;tuJ rsm; twGuf AdkvfrSL;BuD;apmjrifhu zdwfxm;wJh xrif;pm;yGJ udkrQ roGm;EdkifbJ nae 8 em&DcGJ txdtpnf;ta0; xdkifae&w,f cifAs/

tJ'gudkbJ cifAsm;&JU Adkvfwaxmifu tJ'DaeYrSm qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef;eJY pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGwdkYaygif;wnfud k a&mufvmMuw,fvdkY a&;wm[m vkyfBuHvGef;tm; BuD;ygw,f/ tJ'D ocifjrodef ;eJY usaemfeJY rawGYMuwmvJ wESpfausmfavmuf

&SdygNyD/ yD;awmh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmif BuD; twGuf vmMuonfvdkY

qdkawmh Adk vfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; bmjzpfvdkYvJ cifAs/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; b,fvdk jzpfaewJh twGuf usaemfwdk Yu bmvkyfbdkYbmMu&wmvJ cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm;/ tJ'Davmuf vkyfBuH&ufwmawmhraumif;bl; xifygw,f cifAsm/ odumrJhvGef; vSygw,f/

'Dvdk r[kwf rrSefwmudk rqdkxm;eJY [kwfrSefwJh taMumif;?[kwfrSefwJh pum;udkawmif wcsdKU ae&mawGrSm ajym&if cifAsm;udk,fwdkifrcHr&yfEdkifatmif jzpfcJhbl;w,f r[kwfvm;/



12/79


Oyrm ..

]]'DAdkvfcsKyf ae0if; tpdk;& bmem;vnfvdk YvJ/ olwdkYxJrSm

EdkifiHa&;orm; wa,mufrS rygbl;/ usKyfajymcJh a&;cJhwJh twdkif; wckNyD; wck vdkufvkyfaew,f r[kwfvm;/ usKyfuawmh vdkufvkyfazmf&&if awmfygNyD/ vdkufvkyf aeao;orQawmh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY axmufcH tBuHmPf ay;ae&rSmbJ}} qdkwJh cifAsm; vlwumudk avQmufavQmufajymaewJh pum;av ..

cifAsm;[m awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&&JU ae&mXme toD;oD;awG xJudk 0ifvdkuf xGufvdkuf vkyfvdkuf/ yD;awmh vli,fawGa&SU a&muf&if wckcktaMumif;&SmNyD; tJ'D pum;ajymvdkuf vkyfaewmudk ..

rdrd [kwfygvQufom;ESifh wjcm; wpkHwa,mufu awmfvSefa&;tpkd;& em;xJ rawmfwq aygufoGm; Mum;oGm;rnfh ae&mrsdK;rSm ajym&ifcifAsm; rcHr&yf Edkifbl; r[kwfvm;/

tJ 'DvdkayghAsm? udk,fudk,fwdkif [kwfygvQufeJYrS rcHr&yfEdkifjzpfwwf&if r[kwfwJh vlawGtwGuf b,fvdkaervJ/

'Dvdk vk yfenf;rsdK;awG[m raumif;awmh ygbl;Asm/ usaemfwdkY toufawG BuD;ukefMuygNyD/ vli,fawG u usaemfwdkY twkawG,lukefMu&if rcufaybl;vm;/

&if;ESD;aom&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG

17.9.63



13/79


cspfaom pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm; .cspfaom pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm; .cspfaom pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm; .cspfaom pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm; .

usaemfh tpD&ifcHcsufudk zwf&if; cspfpGmaom pmzwfolwdkY twGuf

owif;pm A[kokwvnf; wdk;vdrfhrnf xifygonf/ taMumif;rl azmfjyygtd wfzGifhay;pmudk Adkvf waxmif owif;pm ESifh aMu;rk H owif;pmESpfapmifvkH; aemufwaeYwGif yg&Sdvmygonf/

odkY&mwGif owif;pm t,f'DwmwdkY\ oabmtwdkif; jzwfawmufxnfhoGif;ay;Muonf jzpf&m pmwrsdK;xJu xGufvmaom owif;ESpfyk'fudk,SOfMunfh,kHrQESifh owif;pmynmudk cspfpGmaom pmzwfolwd kY &dyfpm;rdEdkifMuygvdrfhrnf/

atmufwGif azmfjyaom owif;onf Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmygaom owif; jzpfygonf/

&efukefbaqG aygif;wnfodkY&efukefbaqG aygif;wnfodkY&efukefbaqG aygif;wnfodkY&efukefbaqG aygif;wnfodkY

14 &ufaeYuroGm; 8 &ufaeYu oGm;onf&efukef pufwifbm 17

,aeYxkwf Adkvfwaxmif rsufESmzkH;wGif azmfjycJhaomjynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if; owif;ESifh ywfouf pma&;q&mtoif; OuXBuD; jzpfol pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGu ,aeY ajz&Sif;csuf

ay;ydkY\/ Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmwGif pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGESif h

&efukefrS qefpuftoif; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf a[mif; ocifjrodef;wdkY pufwifbm 14 &ufaeYu aygif;wnf&Sd AdkvfcsKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;xHvma&mufawGYqkHaMumif; azmfjycJhonf/



14/79


tqdkyg owif;ES ifh ywfouf &efukefbaqGu ]]usaemfonf (8.9.63) aeYu okH;q,fNrdKUwG if usif;yaom (vlawGonf acG;xufrdkuf\) [laom pum;&nfvkyGJ udk tqdkacgif;aqmif tjzpfESifhoGm;a&muf ajymygonf/}}

]]tJ'DaeYu pum;&nfvkyGJNyD;awmh AdkvfcsKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; &SdwJhaygif;wnfud k qufoGm;? aygif;wnfa&muf? udkatmifBuD;wd kY tdrfrSm wntdyf? eHeuf xrif;pm;NyD; tJ'D (9.9.63) aeYrSm jyefvm?&efukefa&muf}} [l ajz&Sif;csufwGif a&;om; azmfjyxm;onf/

&efukefbaqGu rdrd AdkvfatmifBuD; twGuf oGm;jcif; r[kwf[kajz&Sif;csufwGif azmfjyonf/

(&efukefbaqG\ ajz&Sif ;csufwGif azmfjy ouJhodkY Adkvfwaxmifowif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyfu vkyfBuHa&;om;jcif; r[kwfbJ wdkufodkY ay;ydkY &&Sdaom owif;udk wm0efus t,f'Dwmrsm;u omref owif;xnfh&dk;

xnfhpOf azmfjyjcif; jzpfonf/)

cspfpGmaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfpGmaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfpGmaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfpGmaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..

Adkvfwaxmif\ ajz&Sif;csufESifh waeYwnf; ygvmonfh? atmufazmfjyxm;aom aMu;rkH owif;pmrS owif;udkvnf; zwfMunfhygOD; ..



15/79


16/79


BuD;MuNyDjzpf wa,mufESifh wa,muf *kH;wdkuf raeMubJ wdkif;jynftwGuf udk,fqdkif&m tvkyfvkyfMubdkY aumif;NyD[k ajymMum;vdkuf\/cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..

txufyg ajz&Sif;csufrsm;onf Ak'[l;aeYxkwf owif;pmygvmjcif; jzpfygonf/

odkYaomf Adkvfwaxmifonf rdrd xifa,mifxifrSm; vkyfcJhonfudkusaemf\ ajz&Sif;csufrsm;aMumifh? usaemfhudk ,kHxifaMumifxif txifrSm;

ap&ef cJ,Of;vmonf jzpf&um; -

Mumoyaw;aeYxkwf Adkvfwaxmifrl twifh&JpGmjzifhyif -

]]wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; ESif h twl vIyf&Sm;aeaomvufsmqdk&S,fvpf}} [k cyfajymifajymifbJ pGyfpGJvmygawmhonf/

xdk pGyfpGJcsufygaom aqmif;yg;onf atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;

,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ

armifarmifeD - wifjyonf/

jynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh vuf0JaoGzDa&;orm;rsm;onf tpGrf;ukef vIyf&Sm;aeMu\/ xdkenf;wlpGmyif pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;wdkYonf vnf; aqmufwnf&mr&vIyf&Sm;aeonfudk awGY&\/

jynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;onf awmfvS efa&; tpdk;&\ t&if;&Sif vrf;aMumif;rS cGJxGuf qdk&S,fvpf xlaxmifa&; twGuf tajccHrsm;udk wckNyD; wck csrS wf vkyfudkifaeonfh vkyfief;wdkif;tm;



17/79


zsufqD;ypfae\/ aemufqkH; ajymifajymifwif;wif;yif wm;qD;vmcJh\/wwfEdkifygu {&mr awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& qefYusif a&;BuD; vkyf&efvnf;BudK;yrf;aeMu\/

xdkodkY t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdkua&pDorm; trsdK;om; opmazmuf jynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;ESif h &nfG,fcsufcsif; wlaomvuf0JaoGzDa&; w&m;ao *dkPf;*P orm;rsm;onf awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&qefYusif a&;wGif oGm;a&muf aygif;pnf;rdMuonf/ zqyv OD;AaqG\ t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdk ua&pD awmif;qdkrIES ifh tvHeD ocifpdk;BuD;\

t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdkua&pD axmufcHrIwdkYonf xif&Sm;aom om"ursm;jzpf\/

odkYvdk vufsmorm; OD;AaqGESif h vuf0JpGef; ocifpdk;BuD;wdkYaygif;pnf; rdMuovdk ,aeY pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ESifh pma&;q&m atmifvif;\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;rSmvnf ; yl;aygif;rdMuonf/ &efukefbaqG\ &mZ0ifrsm;udk jyefajymif; Munfhrnf qdk ygu &efukef

baqGonf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD;jzpfcJhonf/ pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh vnf; vuf smqdk&S,fvpfrsm;udk ausmaxmufaemufcH jyKcJhonf/ tvkyf tauR; jyKcJ honf/ wavmu OD;ausmfNidrf ;\ ZeD; tdrfay:wGifppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGif jyem wnfNrJzqyv ocifcspfarmif wdkYbufrS oufaocHjcif;ESifh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;ud k oGm;a&muf awGYqkHjcif;rsm;u 4if;\ eef;Zmwdkyfud k zkH;uG,f r&atmif

azmfjyvdkufjcif;yif jzpf\/

txl;ojzif h &efukefbaqGonf *syefawmf vSefa&; umvrSt&Sdeft0grsm;ESifh cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyK tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcHyk* dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf/ 4if;onfvufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD ; jzpfcJ hNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwnf ; &S daeonfjzpf 4if;\ t,ltqrsm;onfwm0ef &Sdolrsm; tay: vTrf;rdk;oufa&muf oGm;onf qdkygu wdkif;jynf\



18/79


uHMurmudk rawG;&J atmifyif &Sdawmh\/ rnfodkYyif jzpfap pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGonf pma&;q&m wOD; taeESif h ,ck tcg wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESif h yl;aygif; vIyf&Sm;aeonf[k aumufcsufcs&rnfom jzpf\/

odkYvdk pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk jrifawGYod&Sd &NyD;aemuf pma&;q&m atmifvif;\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk qufvuf MunfhI&efjzpf\/ pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf w&m;ao *dkPf;*PESifh vuf0JaoGzDa&; t,ltqrsm;\ rxifr&Sm;aom aemufvdkufwOD;

jzpfcJ h\/ xifxif&Sm;&S m; jzpfoifhygvsuf rxif&S m;jcif;rSm ynmwwfvlvwfwef;pm;wdkY\ tacsmiform; nmOfaMumifh jzpf\/

pma&;q&m atmifvif;\ &mZ0ifudk wydkif;wp w0ufwysufavhvmjcif ;xuf jynfhjynfhpkHpkH avhvmonfu onfae&m yd k oifhavsmf\/ pma&;q&m atmifvif ;onf tvHeD ocifpdk;BuD;\ oifwef;rS ydk Ycscsufrsm;udk pkaygif; tEky#d avmr tzGifhusrf;jzifh

xif&Sm;vmovdk tjcm; wzufrSvnf; *Dw ESifh pmayt& xif&Sm;vmol jzpf\/ trSefrSm pma&;q&m atmifvif ;onf t&if;&Sif vrf;aMumif;ay:wGif rmhufpf0g'udk ,m,DudkifpGJ pmaywGif atmifyGJ qifEdkifol jzpf\/

odkY&mwGif olonf rmhufpf0g' vufeufud k vlwef;pm; atmifyGJtwGuf udkifpGJcJhonf r[kwfkHomru olYtwGufyifvQif atmifjrifrI &&SdkH

uav; ,m,D taeESifhom ud kifpGJcJhol jzpf\/ odkYjzpf pma&;q&matmifvif;onf atmifyGJ&onfh aeYESifh rmhufpf0g'udk vufvTwfvdkufonfh aeYrSmyif t&if;&Sif pHepfu olYudk jzLjymcgatmifyif zsufqD; ajcrIef;umtEdkif,lcJhawmh\/

wu,fawmh pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf xdkaeY xdktcsdefrS p rmhufpf0g'udk op mazmufcJhonf[k qdk&rnf jzpf\/ onftwdkif;vnf;

olY&Jabmfrsm;u olYudk oabmxm;cJh\/ olYb0wGif vlwef;pm; tbd"rm?



19/79


20/79


rQ azmuf jyefcJhaom atmufajcvGwfcJh aom pma&;q&matmifvif;onf ,aeY Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;awG ajymaeonf/ wu,fwef;udk,fhudk,fud k,f a0zefa&;ESifh trSm;jrif trSefjyifvmaomf BudKqdk&rnfom jzpf\/ odkYaomf - olonf a0zefa&;ESifh trSm;jrif trSefjrifvmu Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum; ajymjcif; r[kwfay/ wcsdef wcgu cH,l vmcJhrdaom vuf0J w&m;ao *dkPf;*P0g'udk aus;Zl;jyK a


21/79


zsufqD;aeNyD;? usefwOD;u b,fvufoD;ESifh ajczsufaejcif; jzpf\/ vkyfenf; vkyf [ef uGJvGJaeaomfvnf; wdkif;jynf ysufa&;? awmfvSefa&;tpdk;& jzKwfcsa&; &nfG,fcsufrSmrl xyfwlxyfrQyif jzpf\/

(pmayavmurS pmay opmazmuf? trsdK;om; opmazmufrsm;udkarmif;xkwfMu/)

armifarmifeDarmifarmifeDarmifarmifeDarmifarmifeD

cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; -cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; -cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; -cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; -

Adkvfwaxmifonf twdkif ; ydk twifh&Jvm\/ ydk yufyufpufpuf vkyfBuHvm\/ a&S;uvnf; odkY wzufom;rsm; epfematmif olwyg;tm; vkyfBuHcsufawGudk awGY&jrif& pdwfrcsrf;ajrY jzpf&\/rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; cH&BuHK& pdwfrcsrf;ajrY jzpf&\/

taMumif;rsm;aMumifh rvTJra&SmifomawmhbJ? &efvdkaeaomAdkvfwaxmiftm; tdwfzGifhay;pmudk yPmr taejzifh oufoufnmnmwkHYjyef a&;om;&jcif; jzpfaMumif; cspfaom pmzwfolwdkYtm; -

av;pm;pGm yefMum;vsuf ../

&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG



22/79


tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1)tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1)tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1)tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1)

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

cifAsm;&JU ,aeY 19.9.63 aeYxkwf owif ;pmu usaemfhudkaqmfjyefNyDav ../

uavmifemrnfawG b,fvdkyJ trsdK;rsdK; wyfxm;ayr,fhavoHuawmh cifAsm; avoHygyJ/

awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& wuf cgpu 'DavoHeJY xyfwl cifAsm;&JUyGifhyGifhvif;vif; tcef;u usaemfhudk wcg aqmfbl;w,f r[kwfvm; ../

]]awmfvSefwJh tpdk;&ud k awmfvSefwJhaeYu rvTJra&Smifom jyKvkyf

vdkuf&wJh jypfrI cwfrItwGuf &efuif; &JXmeu wkdifcsufudk vufcHw,fqdkwm rvkyf&bl;? rvkyftyfbl;/ t&if tpdk;& t&Sdeft0g tmPmpufudkvufcHw,f av;pm;w,f qdkwJh oabmbJ ..}}

]]NyD;awmh t&if tpdk;&&J U tkyfcsKyf a&; Oya'awG udk tukef zsufodrf;w,fvdkY ausnm&r,f/ t&if tpdk;&u jyKvkyfxm;wJh kH;awG? w&m;pD&ifcsufawG? wckrS vufrcH bl; tm;vkH; zsufodrf;w,f/

vwfwavmtm;jzifh tck vuf&SdwufvmwJh tpdk;&&JU wm0ef xrf;aqmif aeMuwJh vufeufudkifawG&JU vufxJrSm? tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmud k ,m,Day;xm;w,fvdkY ausnm/}}

]]yD;awmhrS t&if tkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'awG xJu qdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfeJY udkufnDwJh Oya'udk wdkifyif aqG;aEG;NyD;/ wckNyD; wck twnfjyK/}}



23/79


]]'dkY qdk&S,fvpf tpdk;& qdk&S,fvpf tkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'eJY tkyfcsKyf r,f/ t&if Oya'awG? pD&ifcsufawG? pD&ifxkH;awG? vkyfdk;vkyfpOfawGtm;vkH; pGefYypfw,fvdkY &J&J0efY0efY ausnmyD; vkyfyg/}}

]]tJ'D rvkyf,if? rwdus,if ]tyfeJYxGif;&rnfh udpudk aygufqdefeJYaygufNyD; xGif;ae&yg vdrfhr,f ..} qdkwJh t"dym,fbJ/}}

'Dpmudk aMu;rkH owif;pmu &SnfwmeJY jzwfvdkufawmh usaemfvdkcsifwJh t"dym,f rikHrdawmhbl; ayghAsm ../

tJ'D tcsdefrSm OD;odef;azjrifhu NAHK;ueJ udk,fydkifxm;wJh owif;pmu aeNyD; ../

]]&efukefbaqGonf ppfwyfrawmf tay: tu,fMoZmtmPm vTrf;rdk ;Edkifol wa,muf jzpfcJhvQif wdkif;jynf\ uHMurmudkrawG;&Jatmifyif &Sdawmh\/}} vdkY cifAsm; a&;cJhbl;w,f/

tckvJ armifarmifeD trnfeJY a&;wJh cifAsm;&JU owif;pmxJu ]]pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG eJY atmifvif;}} qdkwJh aqmif;yg;xJrSm ..

]]txl;ojzifh &efukefbaqGonf *syefawmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0grsm;ESif h cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyK tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcHyk* dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf/ 4if;onfvufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD ; jzpfcJ hNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwnf ; &S daeonfjzpf 4if;\ t,ltqrsm;onfwm0ef &Sdolrsm; tay: vTrf;rdk;oufa&muf oGm;onf qdkygu wdkif;jynf\uHMurmudk rawG;&J atmifyif &Sdawmh\/}} wJh/

cifAsm;[dkwkH;u a&;cJh wJh aveJY wxyfxJ ayghAsm - tJ'DawmhcifAsm; udk,fwdkifra&;awmif cifAsm; tmabmfawG trsm;BuD;yg ygw,f/



24/79


r[kwfygbl;vd kY cifAsm;u jiif;vJ cifAsm;[m cifAsm;&JU owif;pmrSmwm0efcHpmwnf; wa,mufqdkawmh oabmwlnDwmaygh/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dpmydk'f wckxJrSm OD;odef;azjrifh wu,frodao;wJhtaMumif;awG usaemf pum;vkH; wvkH;pD &Sif;jyr,f cifAs/

]]awmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0grsm;ESifh cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyK tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk* dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmifBudK;yrf;aeonf/}} wJh/

OD;odef;azjrifh[m 'D ae&m usaemfhudk 'DvlvJ igvkyfovdk vkyfaerSmbJ qdkwJh tawG;rsdK;eJY csvdkufw,fvdkY xifwmbJ/

'Dvdkxif&if rSm;rSmaygh cifAsm/ vlwdkif;[m wa,mufeJY wa,mufwlMuwmrS r[kwfbJ/

usaemfom tJ'D vdk &orQ tcGifhta&;awG udk tukefvkH;,lNyD;

bmudk rqdk vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrI? vTrf;rdk;vdkrI pdwfrsdK; &SdcJhr,f qdk&if -

ppfwyfxJrSm ae,ifvJ bDtdkif at vufxuf uwnf;uvufk H;wyfawG? ajymufusm;wyfawG udkifNyD; NrdKUawG odrf;vmcJhwJhvlqdkawmh ck-qdk,if AdkvfrSL;csKyf ae&mavmuf a&mufaeavmufNyDaygh/

aemufwzufu MunfhtkH;av/ qdkS,fvpf ygwDudk p wnfaxmif

wJh vl av;? ig;? q,fa,muf txJrSm usaemf wa,mufvJ tygt0ifaygh cifAsm/

uufpfbD vufxufu zqyv xJrSm uGefjrLepfawG qdkif;bkwf wifvdkufMuawmh? qdk S,fvpf jzpfMu&r,fh vlawG[m? usaemfpkxm;wJhtiftm;ay:rSm rlwnfNyD;? e,ftawmfrsm;rsm;u cifAsm;wdkYxuf tiftm;awmifhwif;wJh qdkS,fvpfawG NAHK;ueJ ay:vmcJh Muwmaygh/



25/79


vltif tm;om awmif hw,f rxifeJY/ vufeuf tiftm;vJawmifhw,f cifAsmh/

'gudk taMumif;jyKyD ;awmh Adkvf csKyfatmifqef;u bk&ifcHqma':refprpfeJY pum;ajymwJh tcgrS m ]]qmay:OD;udk jynfxJa&;ay;vdkYb,fjzpfrvJ/ b,fae&mrSm vufeufawG b,favmuf &Sdw,fqdkwm olrSrodbJeJY/ tJ'gawGudk usLyfrS odwm}} vdkY ajymawmhwmaygh/

tJ'Dwkef;u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JU ab;rSm vQdKU0Suf vufeufudkifudk,f&HawmfawG xJrSm owdtaumif;qkH;? vuftwnfhqkH; &JjrifhvdkY ac:wJharmif&D qdkwmu usaemf ay;xm;wJhvl/ qdkS,fvpf ygwDxJrSm usaemfhudk tmPmydkif tzG JYxJ twif;oGif;Muawmh? jiif;r&wmeJY cP vufcHNyD;twif;&atmif xGufcJh&wmaygh cifAsm/ a&SUrS m bmawG jzpfvmEdkifw,f qdkwJh vrf;aMumif;BuD;udk tjzL;om; jrifae&wmbJ/ usaemfom qufvkyf&if usaemfh oli,fcsif; ocifomcifBuD;eJY twl wwef;xJ0efBuD; jzpfMuwmaygh ../

tJ'Dvdk jzLjzL;ajzmifhajzmifh jrifae&yg&ufeJY i,fG,fpOf tcsdef&SdwkH; rSmawmif tiwf tjywfcHNyD; udk,fvkyfcsif wm vkyfvmcJh ao;wm? tckBuD;awmifhBuD;rm; tcsdefa&mufrS ..

]]wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk* dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmifBudK;yrf;aeonf ..

BudK;yrf;ae&tkH;r,f qdkawmh}} csifhcsdefMunfhaygh cifAs/

tJ wckawmh &Sdav&JU/ wu,f tvkyf vkyfcJhMuvdkY tJ'D txufu azmfjycJhwJh taMumif;awGudk odxm;wJh vlawGu ]]ppfbuf? ajray:ajratmuf EdkifiHa&;buf}} tm;vkH;u usaemfhudk cspfMuw,f? cifMuw,fcifAs/ cGifhvTwfMuw,f cifAs/



26/79


OD;odef;azjrifhudk OD;odef;azjrifh taMumif; od&S dorQ tm;vkH;u0dkif;rkef;Muovdk ..

usaemfhudkvJ usaemfh taMumif; od&SdorQ vltm;vkH;u 0dkif;cspfMuw,f/ usaemfu pnf;kH;p&m odrf;oGif;p&m vTrf;rdk;p&m rvdkbl;/

reufjzef qufao;wmayghAsm ../



27/79




tJ'D 19.9.63 aeYxkwf cifAsm; owif;pmxJrSm ygwJh ..

]]&efukefbaqGeJY atmifvif;}} qdkwJh aqmif;yg;xJrSm -

]]4if;onf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf jzpfcJhNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wefjyefawmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;eJY wxyfwnf; &Sdaeonf jzpf}} qdkwJh pmydk'fwydk'fygw,f cifAs ..

tJ'D txJrSm .. vufsmqdk&S,fvpf qdkwm&,f? wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm; qdkwm&,f tcsuf 2 csuf &Sdw,f/

'Dtcsuf 2 ck teuf cif Asm;&JU Adkvfwaxmif owif;pm[m ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} BuD;jzpfaevdk Y wjcm;vlawG&JU vkyfdk;vkyfpOf twdkif;qdk,ifawmh ]]usaemf[m wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm; r[kwfygbl;}} qdkwmOD;pm;ay;NyD; &Sif;&rSmaygh ../

bmjyKvdkYvJ qdk awmh EdkifiHa&; taiGYtouf ruif;olwdkif;u

cifAsm;&JU ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} udka&m ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} BuD;udk ydkifwJh cifAsm;udka&m tckae tcgrSm tifrwef aMumufae&w,f rIwfvm;/

]qGJcsowif;pm}} yk dif&SifBuD; jzpfwJh cifAsm;qDudk vma&muf0yfwGm;NyD; cc,, jyKMu&? awmif;yef wdk;vQdK;Mu&w,f rIwfvm;/

'gudk EdkifiHa&;orm;? ausmif;om;? owif;pmq&m tm;vkH; vdkvdk

u odaeMuwmbJ/



28/79


29/79


tJ'gudk OD;odef;azjrifh[m rqv vrf;pOfBuD;udk Munfh MunfhNyD;?'gawG ig&awmh rSmbJ? 'gawG igh[mawG? 'gawGudk ig armifyd kif pD;vdkufawmhr,f qdkwJh pdwfeJY ../

rk HYay;r,fh vlBuD; teD;udk jzwfvmorQ vlawG tm;vkH;udkqD;qD;NyD; a'gowBuD; &efaxmifw,f ../

aemufqkH; ab;u jzwfoGm;rdwJh acG;ydefuav;eJY wlwJh usaemfhudkawmif qD;NyD; &efaxmif,kH dk;dk; r[kwfbJ ]cJ} eJY aygufw,f ../

OD;odef;azjrifh&J U qG Jcs owif;pmxJrSm rnfodkYyif jzpfap ]]pma&;q&m &efuk efbaqGonf? pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh,cktcg wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif; vIyf&Sm;aeonf[kaumufcsuf cs&rnfom jzpf\/}} vdkY a&;xm;w,f r[kwfvm; ../

tJ'g[m - usaemfhvdk acG;ydefuav;udk cJ eJY aygufvdkufwmayghcifAs/

'gavmufawmif aocsmae&if bmvdk Y tyifyef; cHyD; owif;pmxJu a&;ae&wmvJ/ wcgwnf; udk,fwdkif zrf;yD ; awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&vufxJ tyfay;vdkufygvm;/

tJ .. wckawmh &Sdw,f awmfvSefa&; tpkd;&[m OD;odef;azjrifhrsufESmvkyfwdkif; rsufESmomay;r,fh tpdk;&? trSwfay;r,fh tpdk;&rsdK;awmhr[kwfzl;As/ rdrd oabmtwdkif; rdrdudk,fydkif csifhcsdefNyD;rS vkyfaqmifr,fhtpdk;&/

'gaMumif hvJ ]cJ} ypfcH&vdkY vefYa[mifvdkufwJh acG;ydefuav;eJY wlwJh usaemf[m qGJcsowif;pmBuD;u ]]wefjyefawmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;vIyf&Sm; aew,f/}} qdkwJ h pGyfqGJcsufudk



30/79


aemufcsefNyD; ]]&efuk efbaqGonf vufsmqd k&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhonf/}}qdkwJh pum;udkyJ a&S;OD;pGm &Sif;yg&apawmh/

usaemf[m qdk&S,fvpf ygwDudk pNyD; wnfaxmifMuwJhol av;?ig;? q,fa,muf xJrSm wa,muf tygt0if qdkwmvJ rSefygw,f/

tJ'Daemufyd kif; atmifqef;-tuf wvD pmcsKyftyD; tjyifrSmxGufyD; a&SmifaewJh usaemf[m qdk&S,fvpf uGef>ref; vkyfwJh tcsdefwkH;u ..

oifwef; q&mtjzpf tcdkuftwefY 0ifa&muf ulnDcJhbl;wmvJ

rSefygw,f/

'gayr,fh usaemfhudk usaemf? omref olvdkigvd k rsdK;cspf Armwa,mufom jzpfw,fvdkY owfrSwfxm; ygw,f/

qdk&S,fvpfvJ r[kwfbl;? uGefjrLepfvJ r[kwfbl;/

'gayr,fh wckawmh &Sd&J U/ usaemfh[m usaemf avhvmcJhwJhpmaytod? usaemfhrSm awG;ac:csifhcsdef Edkifoavmuf OmPfeJY b,fbmomudkrS rudk;uG,fbl;/

yD;awmh wdk;wufwJh jynfolY qdk&S,fvpf BuD; OD;odef;azjrifhvdkuav;awG udkvJ &SifrjyKbl;/ bPfrSm pkaqmif;xm;wJh aiGr&Sdbl;/ orD;ZeD; awGudkvJ aTaiG pdefausmuf &wem r0wfap&bl;/

ukefukefajym&,if? wdk;wufwJ h jynf olY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh &JU td rfrSmvdk wynfh aqGrsdK; wlrvdk Y trnfwyfxm;wJhtdrfazmf tdrfap xrif;[if; csufay;&wJhvl? t0wf avQmfzGwfay;&wJh vlrxm;bl; ../



31/79


tJ 'Dawmh jynfolY qdk&S ,fvpf jzpfEdkif wJh t&nftcsif;rsdK; usaemfhrSm &S d[ef rwlygbl;/ usaemfuvJ 'Dvdk jynfol Y qdk&S,fvpfrsdK;awmh rjzpfcsifbl;/

reufjzefrS qufao;wmayghAsm ../



32/79


33/79


ay;&atmif usaemf&JU ajymufusm;wyfawGudk wdwfwqdwf 0dkif;&Htapmifhcs ay;cJhw,f cifAs/

tJ'D udpudk ocifpdk;BuD;awmif rod&S mbl;/ udkndK0if; trnfcH udkarmifarmif? udkaZmfazeJY usaemf? NyD;awmifh apmifhMuyfaeMu&wJhvufeufudkif ajymufusm;wyf? tJ'gawGbJ odw,f/

ocifpdk;BuD;[m usaemfhudk b,favmuf cspfcifovJ qdk&if Ad kvfrSL;vufsmqDu awmfrD aoewfwvufeJY wjcm;vufeufawG &vmawmh tJ'Dvdk vufeuf tNrJwrf; vdktyfaewJh tcsdeftcgrsdK;rSm -usaemf ay;xm;wJh 0ufbav trsdK; ajcmufcsufxGuf aoewfuav;udkjyefay;&Smw,f cifAs/

ocifpd k;BuD;[m wcsdKUae&mawGrSm usaemfeJY t,ltqjcif; rwlvdkY? tusd K;taMumif; tquftpyf rygwJh awG;ac:csufawGrSm usaemfu rvdk ufemEdkifbl;/ r,kHbl;/ cdkifvkHwJh taMumif;jyrS? vdkufem

r,fqdkvdkY ..]]b,f bk&m;rS cRwfvdkY&r,fh taumif r[kwfzl;vdkY}} qdkcJhayr,fh

usaemfhudk cspfNrJ cspf&Smw,f cifAs/

cspfp&maumif;wJh rsdK;cspf rsufuef;uav; wa,mufvdkYbJajymcJhw,f cifAs/

tJ 'Dvdk cspfp&maumif;wJ h rsdK;cspf rsufuef;uav;vdk Y ajymcJhwJh ocifpdk;BuD;[m OD;odef;azjrifh qDu nTefMum;csufawGvJ a&mufvma&mta&;awmfykH twGif;rSmbJ usaemfhudk tawmf rkef;vmcJhw,f/

rkef;wJh taMumif;&if;u olYcifjrm OD;odef;azjrifh&JU aoG;xdk;csuftwdkif; NAdwdoQ r[mrdwfudkyg qufwdkufzdkY txd usaemfwdkYvdk rqkH;jzwf

Edkifawmhbl;/ ,cif qkH;jzwfyD ; tcsufawGudk jyifqifcsifw,f/



34/79


awmfvSefa&; wyfOD; pmwrf;udk op mazmufcsif vmw,f/ awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pk t&yf&yfudk yOrHwyfzGJYavmufom vIyf&Sm;apcsifw,f/ 'DawmhusaemfwdkYudk MunfhvdkY r&awmhbl;aygh/

Oyrm NAdwdoQ tpdk;&qDu ppfvufeuf tultnDawmif;wJhudprSm qdk&if rdef;rudkif tygt0if ajcmufvkH;jyL; okH;av;vuf? armif;jyef aoewf okH;vuf? kdifz,f q,f hig;vufavmufeJY EIwfcrf;qdk;aq;? umvom; a&m*gtwGuf pm;aq;? rdef;r0wf o&ufxnf tuspESifhxrDp? rdef ;r0wf vufywfem&D tygt0if vufywfem&D 4 vkH ;? tJ'g

awGudk rSmcJhw,f cifAs/ wu,fawmh ocifpdk;BuD;[m tdEd,u em;BuD; rsufpdBuD;

jzpfaewJh OD;odef;azjrifh&JU tBuHOmPf ay;csufawGudk cH,l NyD; ArmjynfuwOD;wnf;aom yOrH wyfzGJYav; tjzpf cH,lvdkufwmaygh cifAsm/

tJ'Daemuf a';'&JNrdKUe,f uGefyvdkif; Gmuav;u udkarmifBuD;&JU

td rftay:xyfrSm AdkvfcsKyfae0if; eJY ocifpd k;BuD;wdkY awGYMuawmhAdkvfcsKyfae0if;u ..

'g Arm wjynfvkH;udk acgif;aqmifNyD; olykef xr,fh olykef acgif;aqmifBuD; wa,muf&JU vdktyfwJh vufeuf pm&if;vm;As/ cifAsm; [m yOrH wyfzGJ Y&JU vufeuf pm&if;avmufawmif r&Sdbl;/ t*Fvdyf awGuawmh usKyfwdkYudk txifao;ukefawmh rSmbJ bmnmeJY

yufyufpufpuf qlw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dwkef;u usaemfeJY tck AdkvfrSL;csKyf wifaz wdkY[m ocifpdk;BuD; &SufrSm pdk;wJhtwGuf wrif a&Smifvm cJhMuw,f/ 'g[m wu,fawmhOD;odef;azjrifh&JU vSnfhywfcsufudk ,kHrdrSm;wJh twGuf ocifpdk;BuD; cjrmrSmodumusyD; t&SufwuGJ jzpfvdkuf&wmaygh cifAsm/



35/79


'gudk ocifpdk;BuD;u usaemfh aMumifh AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u 'DvkdBudrf;wmbJ qdkNyD; usaemfhudk rkef;cJhw,f/

tJ 'D txJ aemufwqifh jzpfyk Hu r[mrdwf avxD;wyfom; awGudk jrpf0uRef;ay:rSm tqif;cdk if;bdkY ocifpdk;BuD ;u vufcHvdkufawmhusaemfwd kYu tqif;rcHEdk ifbl;/ qif;&if ypfr,f? wdkufr,f/ teJqkH; jrpf0uRef;ay: avmufudkawmh usaemfwdkY udk,fwkif wkduf,lxm;wm jzpfatmif wdwdusus vkyf&vdrfhr,fvdkY qdkawmh ocifpdk;BuD;[mOD;odef;azjrifheJY NAdwdoQ tpdk;&buf rSmvJ rsufESm ysufcJh&&Smw,f cifAs/

tJ 'Dawmh ta&;awmfykHBuD;vJ NyD;a&m usaemfh rsufESmudkvJrMunfhEdkif awmhbl;/

'gaMumif hvJ *syefacwf wavQmufvkH;rSm twlwuG wdkufzufvJjzpf q&morm;vJ jzpfcJhbl;wJh ocifpdk;BuD;[m t*Fvdyf 0ifvmwmeJY wNydKifeuf usaemfwdk YeJY jrpf0uRef ;ay:u wyfrawmfudk

NAdwdoQ OD;odef;azjrifh&JU tvdkus yufyufpufpuf opmazmufNyD; .. r[mrdwf t*F vdyfrsm;udk *syefzufqpf tvdkus qufvuf

wdkufcdkuf&ef vufeuftiftm; vltiftm; pkaeygw,fvdkY NAdwdoQwdkY&JUppftkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJYudk owif; ay;vdkufwmygbJ cifAsm/

ocifpdk;BuD;[m .. cspfp&maumif;wJ h rsdK;cspf rsufuef;uav;eJY

taygif;ygawGudk rcspfEdkif awmhbl;aygh/'g[m .. csif;za0; ZmwfxJu? raMu;rkHvdk OD;odef;azjrifh qdkwJh

[kef;ewfBuD; yl;uyfaewJh twGuf tJ'Dvd k yufyufpufpuf jyKvkyf&ufvm&w,fvdkY? usaemfwd kY uawmh ,lqw,f cif As/ csif;uav; za0;eJY?raMu;rkHwdkY uGJoGm;Mu& awmhwmaygh/



36/79


tJ 'Dwkef;u OD;od ef;azjrif h[m qdkAD,uf k&Sm;u? urmY awmfvSefa&; tiftm;pk w&yfvkH;udk NAdwd oQ r[mrdwf wyfrsm;uom OD;aqmifrI jyKaewJh twGuf NAdwdoQ r[mrdwfwdkYeJY aygif;NyD; urmYzufqpfawGudk usLyifckwf usLikwf rusef&atmif okwfoifypf&r,fvdkY nTefMum;csuf &Sd w,fqdkyD; ba&muf'g 0g'udk ocifpd k;BuD;qDxdk;ay;cJhw,f r[kwfvm;/

ocifpdk;BuD; cifjrm[m OD;odef;azjrif h&JU? t*F vdyf tay:rSm rsufESm&atmif vSnfhpm;rIBuD;udk ,kHMunfNyD ;? aoazmfaozuf? &Jabmf

&Jzuf tiftm;pk 2 pk udk wcgxJ NAdwdoQ ppftpdk;&&JU vufxJudk 0uGuftyfvdkuf& &SmwmbJ/

tJ 'D tjzpfawGudk ocifpd k;BuD; udk,fwd kifa&m? Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;a&m? tck tjyifrSm EdkifiHa&;awG pdwfemNyD; ukefonfvkyfaewJh AdkvfcsKyfvufsma&m? ocifoef;xGef;wdkYa&m? tck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;a&m?usaemfwd kYa&m? OD;odef;azjrifh udk,fwdk ifa&m tm;vkH;odMuw,f/ 'D

&mZ0if[m b,fawmhrS zkH;uG,f arhaysmufvdkY r&Edkifbl;/

tJ 'Dwkef;u usaemfwdkY wawGeJY jrpf0uRef;ay: wyfawG[mvufeuf &dum pkaqmif;yD;? 0ifvmwJh NAdwdoQ tpdk;&udk awmfvSefa&;wyfOD;yg pmwrf;twdkif; qufyD;wdkufzdkY tiftm; awmifhawmifhwif;wif; eJYtoifh &SdaeMuw,f cifAs ../

'gayr,fh? OD;odef ;azjrifhudk ,kHNyD; ykHvdkufrdwJh ocifpdk;BuD;cjrm[m? OD;odef;azjrifhu NAdwdoQ tpdk;&udk yOrH wyfom; acgif;aqmifBuD; tjzpfeJY rsufESmvkyfcsif avorQ ..

ocifpdk;BuD; cjrm[mvJ oabmw&m;awG &Sm&S mNyD; r[mrdwfeJY Nidrf;csrf;pGm twlae&r,f wdkY bmwdkY vkyf&&Smawmh wmbJ/ tJ'Dawmh



37/79


uGefjrLepfawGu rwdkufzl;/ usaemfwdkYu awmfvSefa&; wyfOD;twdkif;wdkufr,f/ tJ'Dvdk tjiif;yGm; vmMuw,f/

'D tcsdefrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u nDnGwfzdkY twif;ajymw,f/

uGefjrLepfuvJ awmfvSefa&; wyfOD;rSm b,fvd kbJ oabmwlcsuf,lcJhayr,fh oabmw&m; t& rSm;aevdkY rwdkufEdkifbl;vdkY ajymw,f/

usaemfwd kYuvJ awmfvS efa&; wyfOD ;udk op m razmufEdkifbl;?wkdufr,f qdkNyD; vufeufawGa&m vlawGa&m pkMu 0SufMuw,f/

'D tcsdefrSm ocifpdk;BuD; xkwfjyef vdkufwJh ]uGefjrLepf ausnmpmwrf; trSwf 4} ud k &&Sdxm;MuwJ h NAdwdoQ ppftpdk;&&JU tufzf?tufpf? tufpf tzGJYuvJ jrpf0uRef;ay:udk vufeufvdkufodrf ; yghr,fqdkyD;/ppfoabFm okH;pif;eJY wuJuJ vkyfaeMuw,f/

'Dawmh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u 'dk YwawG rnDnGwfaMumif;udk

t*Fvd yfu odukefawmhrSmbJ? ighudk om ypfowfvd kufMu ygawmh vdkYajymw,f/

AdkvfrSL;vufsmu ppfqufrwdkufbJ vufeuf cs tyfvdkufMubdkYAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vufrSwfxdk;xm;wJh pmudk ,lvmw,f/ vufrcHMuvdkY jyefoGm;awmh tJ'Dpmudk Ad kvfatmifBuD ;? tck Ad kvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;u xyf,lvmw,f/ Adkvf ae0if; uvJ nD nGwfrI jyEdkifatmif ta,mifaqmif jzpfjzpf vufeuf ay;vdkufMuygvd k Y rSmaMumif;usaemfwdkYudk ajzmifhzsw,f/

tJ 'DawmhrS usaemfwdkYeJY wuG jrpf0uRef ;ay:rSm &SdwJhwyfrawmf [m vufeuf todrf;cHvdkuf MuNyD ; uGefjrLepfawG tvdkus NAdwdoQ tpdk;& qDrSm tdE d,a&muf Armjynfh tusdK;aqmif OD;odef;azjrifh

rsufESm&atmif vufeufawG ay;tyfcJhMu &oAs/



38/79


tJ'Dwkef;u &JabmfawG[m rsuf&nfwTJTJ tHwBudwfBudwf eJYaygh/

t*FvdyfawGu armfvNrdKifuRef;bufrSm tdk;tdk;awGudk ajcaxmuf

eJY uefcsvdkufwkef ;u qdk&if tck 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD; oef;nTefY[m 0kH;ueJ xvdkufwJh twGuf &JabmfawGu twif; zufxm;&wmaygh cifAsm/

jynfolY vuf 0J qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh&JU BudK;yrf;csufawGaMumifh usaemfwdkY tJ'Dvdk cHcJhMu &wmaygh/

eufjzef qufMuOD;pdkY ..



39/79



jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

usaemf raeYu a&;cJ h wmawG[m tcdkiftrm jzpfaMumif;udkAdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; udk,fwdkifeJY wuG awmwGif; uGefjrLepfawG tukefvkH;uvJ odygw,f? wyfrawmf xJrSm&SdwJh vla[mif;awGuvJ odygw,f/

wu,fawmh jynfolY vuf 0J qdk&S,fvpf BuD; OD;odef;azjrifh[m NAdwdoQ tpdk;&qDrSm yO rH acgif ;aqmif vkyfNyD; wdkif;jynftwGufGwfGwfcRefcRef aqmifGuf vd kaeMuwJh rsdK;cspf vli,fuav;awGudk yOrH wyfom;tjzpf oGwfoGif; vmcJhwmbJ rIwfvm;/ wu,fawmhwdkif;jynf twGuf pGefYpm;vdkMuwJh rsdK;cspf vli,fuav;awG tm;vkH;[m

yO rH rkqdk; OD;odef;azjrifh&J U om;aumifawG b0udk emusnf;bG,f&mjzpfukef a&mufukef Mu&wmaygh cifAs/

'D taMumif;awGuudk OD;odef;azjrifh wnf;cdkvmcJhwJh tdrf&SiftdEd, u OD;&Sdef[m tm;vkH;odNyD; jzpfygw,f/ tdEd,rSm &SdwJ h NAdwdoQ ppftpdk;& qdk,if omodwmaygh cifAsm/ tJ'D vkyfief;taMumif;udk xkwfazmf a&;xm;wJ h pmtkyf wtkyf awmif xGufaeovdkvdk usaemf

owif;Mum;& ygw,f/

'gawGudk zk H;zdbdkY twGuf r[mrdwfeJY Armhwref qdkwJh pmtkyfudkOD;odef;azjrifh b,fvdkbJ a&;ayr,fh "mwfodawGuawmh r,kHbl; cifAs/

bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh? OD;odef;azjrifh[m t*Fvdyf vufxufwuodkvf ausmif;awmfBuD; oydwfarSmufpOfu ausmif;u xGufoGm;NyD;

jzpfaeygvsufeJY ]]oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;}} qdkwJ h pmtkyfxGufvmawmh



40/79


OD;odef;azjrifh[m oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;xJrSm wu,fh ta&;yg t&m a&mufwJh Zmwfvdk ufBuD; jzpfaeaMumif;udk rsufESm ajymifajymifeJYa&;cJhbl;wJh oufao om"uawG &SdcJhbl;w,f rIwfvm;/

'D pmtkyf xGufvmawmh wu,fh oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;awG tbdkY [m;uGufBuD; wckvdk jzpfcJh Mu&w,f qdkwm oydwfarSmufausmif;om;wdkif; todaygh cifAsm/

yD;awmhvJ OD;odef ;azjrifh[m NAdwdoQ tpdk;& qDrSm rsufESmvdk rsufESm& jzpf atmif yO rH wyfzGJY&JU acgif;aqmif vkyfay;cJhw,f qdkwmvkHavmufwJh EIdif;,SOfcsufawG &SdcJhbl; ygw,f/

tJ 'guawmh OD;odef;azjrif h? ocifodef ;az qdkNyD; ocifajrmufatmif odrf0if vmcJhNyD;wJh aemufrS NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JUopmawmfcH ynmawmfoif avQmufwJh udpaygh cifAsm ..

tJ'Dwkef;u tck toufeJY xif&Sm; &SdaewJh a'gufwmbarmf[meef;&if;0efBuD;aygh? avQmufykH avQmufenf;uvJ b,fhavmuf aumif;ovJqdk&if ..

]]cifAsm;wdkY tpdk;& tzGJ Yudk usKyf rqJbl; axmufcHr,f/ cifAsm;usKyfudk NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU op mawmfcH ynmawmfoif tjzpfeJY aG;NyD;EdkifiHjcm; vTwfay;}} wJh ..

EdkifiHa&;eJY tcGifhta&;udk? rkHYvJpm;ovdk tvG,fwul oGm;a&mufvJ,l aeMuwmaygh/

tJ 'Dwkef;u rGefrGef&nf&nf ajymwwf qdkwwfwJh usaemfwdkYudkBuD;Ekyg? tazmfygao;w,f r[kwfvm; cifAs/ 'gaMumifhvJ a'gufwmOD;barmfeJY ajymMuqdkMu wkef;u tqifajy cJhMuwmaygh/



41/79


tJ 'Daemuf ]]'Daumifav; tqifajyatmif MunfhvkyfvdkufyguGm? ol NAdwdoQ op mawmfcH jzpfoG m;&ifvJ tqJNidrf oGm;wmaygh}} vkdY a'gufwm OD;barmfu ynma&; 0efBuD; OD;om,m0wD armifarmifudk ajymNyD;NyDvJ Mum;a&m NynfolYvuf0J qdk&S,fvpf BuD; OD;odef;azjrifh[m abmif;bD 0wfpk H 0,f0wfNyD; ajczsm; waxmufaxmuf bGwfbdeyfBuD;wa*gufa*guf jzpfvmcJhw,f rIwfvm;/

aemuf xkH;pHtwdkif; ynmawmfoif taG;cH&r,fh vlawGudk ac:NyD;pmar;yG J ppfMunfhvdkufawmh OD;odef;azjrifhu bdwf? OD;ndKjru xdyf?

OD;armifwif qdkwmu tv,f? tJ'Dvdk jzpfcJhMu&w,f/tJ 'Dwkef;u OD;om,m0wD armifarmif[m ZGwf rw&m;

vkyfay;awmhr,fh qJqJrSm EdkifiHa&;orm; jzpfwJh OD;odef;azjrifhu -

]]cifAsm; ,D;wD;,m;wm; rvkyfeJY? pmar;yGJ ppfcsufawG bmawGrvkdbl;/ usKyfudk raG;&if 'ku jzpfoGm;r,f}} vdkY oGm;Budrf;wJh twGuf -

]]vrf;rSef twdkif;bJ vkyfEdkifr,f}} qdkyD; OD;om,m0wD armifarmifu OD;ndKjrudk ynmawmfoif tjzpf aG;cs,fvdkufw,fvdkYMum;bl;&w,f cifAs/

'gawG [kwfw,f r[kwfzl; qdkwm a'gufwm OD;barmfeJYOD;ndKjra&m OD;odef;azjrifh udk,fwdkifa&m odMurSmaygh cifAsm/

tJ OD;odef;azjrifh[m ynmawmfoif tjzpfeJY rdrd taG;rcH &awmhbl;vJ oda&m? taG;cHNyD; ynmawmfoif oGm;&r,fh OD;ndKjrudk ]]e,fcsJY NAdwdoQ&JU tvdkawmf&d? Armh op mazmuf avmuf aumif}} bmnmeJYtawmfcsnf; yufyufpufpuf owif;pm *sme,fawGu a&;vdkufao;w,frIwfvm;/



42/79


'Dawmhum OD;odef;azjrifh[m [dkpOftcg ocif b0 uwnf;uEdkifiHa&;udk vufeufwck tjzpf tokH;jyKNyD; NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU opmawmfcHynmawmfoif tjzpf avQmufcJhbl; ao;,if -

ppfajy; tpdk;&&JU vufatmufrSm a&muf ae&wJh OD;odef;azjrifh[mvJ EdkifiHa&; tac:ta0: awGeJY zkH;zdNyD;? rsdK;cspf vli,fuav;awGudk rdrd udk,fusdK;twGuf yO rH wyfom; tjzpf rodrf;oGif;bl;?rvkyfcdkif;bl;vdkY qkdEdkifrvm; ../

usaemf odwmudk ajym&&if *syef ppfIH ;NyD;p tcsdefu OD;odef;azjrifh[m r[mrd wf NAdwdoQudk xd &if rcsdatmif emcJhw,f/ NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU yO rH owif;pm avewfom; tmabmfawG twdkif;wjym;rS ravQmhbl;/

e,fcsJY t*Fvdyfudk wdkufzd kY usaemfwdkYu vkyf,if? b,fawmhrSjyefrvmEdkifwJh *syefawG&JU tvdkusaewJh zufqpfvdkY cifAsm;u pGyfpGJw,f/

&efukefNrdKUu &yfuGufwdkif;rSm vkdufNyD; r[mrdwf t*FvdyfeJYyl;aygif;a&; qdkwJh w&m;yGJawG vkyfcJhw,f ../

usaemf[m OD;od ef;azjrifh&JU tJ'D jynfolY vuf0J qdk&S,fvpfvkyfief;rsdK;awGawmh rvkyfcJhrdwm trSefygbJ ../

eufjzefrS qufMuao;wmaygh ../



43/79



vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

usaemf[m vuf0J vufsm qdk&S,fvpfawG? uGefjrLepfawG r[kwfygbl;/ trsdK;om;a&;ud k a&SUIwJh omref olvdkigvdk rsdK;cspfwa,mufomjzpfygw,f qdkwm 0efcHcJh NyD;ygNyD/

tJ'g[m tckrS r[kwfygbl;? a&S;uwnf;u ygbJ cifAs/

'gudk usaemfh &Jabmf&JbufawG tm;vkH;u odMuygw,f/

usaemf[m tawG;tac: t,ltqa&;eJY ywfoufvdkY uGefjrLepf oabmw&m;udk vufcH BudKufESpfouf ol jzpfaMumif; usaemfeJ Y

eD;eD;uyfuyf aygif;bl;olwdkif; ..

odbl; Mum;bl; xm;wmeJY rwl atmif wtH hwMo awGYMuwmcsnf;bJ cifAs/

'gayr,fh vkyf tm;ay;Edkifonf txd usaemfh ukd,f udk usaemf rpGefYvTwfEdkifvdkY udk,feJY wefkH uGefjrLepf tawG;tac: t,ltqudk

BudKufESpfoufwJh avhvmqJ rsdK;cspfrsufuef; tjzpfyJ usaemfhudk,f usaemfowfrSwf xm;ygw,f/

'gaMumif h rsdK;cspfrsufuef; jzpfwJh usaemf[m bmud p jzpfjzpftrsdK;om;a&;udk a&SUwef;wifNyD; pOf;pm;vdkY ..



44/79


uGefjrLepf tawG;tac:udk vufcH onfh wdkifatmif uGefjrLepfbdk;atBuD;rsm; jzpfMuwJh qdkAD,ufk oQ eJY wkyfeD wdkY&J U tmPmpufvufatmufudkawmh ra&mufvdkbl; cifAs/

'D .. qdkAD,ufeJY jynfolYwkyfeD wd kYudk usaemfh tjrifeJY jrifjy&r,f qdk&if ..

uGefjrLepf tawG;tac:udk BudKufwmcsif;? vufcHwmcsif;usaemfwd kYeJY wnf;wl&nfwl &SdMuwJh vlrsdK;? wef;wl&nfwl vufcHMuwJhwdkif;jynf ../

tJ'DvdkbJ oabmxm;w,f/ olwdkY[m usaemfwdkY t&if vufcHcJh& prf;oyfcJhvdkY? usaemfwdkYxuf tawG YtBuHK rsm;csif rsm;raygh As/ 'D oabmw&m;udk BudKufwm vufcHwmjcif ;awmh twlwlavmuf ygbJ/b,fvdkrS ydkrxl;jcm; ygbl;vdkY ,kHw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dvdk ,lq ,kH Munfol? uGefjrLepf tawG;tac: udk vufcHNyD; avhvmqJ (avh vmqJ qdkwm t*Fvdyfacwf u e*g;eDwdkufxkwf ocifpdk;BuD; a&;wJh qdk&S,fvpf 0g'eJ Y edoQnf; qdkwJh pmtkyfxGufvmuwnf;u tcktcsdef txd avhvmaecJhwm cifAs/ tESpf 20 ausmfygNyD/)tJ'Dvdk avhvmaeqJ jzpfwJh dk;dk; Armjynfom; rsdK;cspfwa,muf rQomjzpfw,f qdkwmudk OD;odef;azjrifh tpuwnf;u usaemfhudk odygw,f../

'gayr,fh OD;odef;azjrifh[m tmPm&&SdcsifwJh EdkifiHa&;rsdK; pdwfr0ifpm; wwfwJh usaemfhvkd vlwa,mufud k rdrd eJY NydKifbufvdkY xifvmw,f/ rdrdvdkbJ tkyfcsKyfa&; tydkif;rSm wm0ef&Sdol yk*dKvfrsm;tay:rSm rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeolvdkY xifvmw,f/

'gaMumif hvJ OD;odef;azjrifh&JU qGJcsowif;pmu ]]&efukefbaqGonf? *syefawmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0gESifh cifrifrIudk taMumif;jyK



45/79


tcsdKUaom wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*d Kvfrsm; tay:wGif? rodrom vTrf;rdk;rI&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf}} vdkY a&;vdkufwmaygh/

yD;awmh ]]4if;onf vufsm qdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhNyD; wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwnf; &Sdae}} vdkY pG Jcsuf wifvdkufwmbJ/

'Dae&mrSm OD;odef;azjrif hudk usaemf wck csD;usL;w,f/ OD;odef;azjrifh[m awmf,kHwef,k H ,kwfrm&ufpufwJh vlawGu wdwfwqdwfawmif rvkyf0H hwJh tvkyfrsdK;udk ajymifajymif vkyf&JwJhowd&Sdw,f/

tckMunfhav? wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;awG&JU taygif;ygvdkYpGyfpGJNyD; a*smufcsvdkufcsifawmh vufsm qdk&S,fvpfvdkY pGyfpGJvdkufwmbJ/

wu,fawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m rd rd&JU NydKifbufvdkYtxifa&mufaeol usaemfvdk vludk rqdkxm;eJY ..

rdrdudk b,fvd krS rxdcdkuf rapmfum; &efnd K; r&SdwJh yk*dKvfawGudkawmif ..

'Dyk*dKvfudk csvdkuf,if ighrsm; awmfvSefa&; tpkd;&u ,kHMunfcsuftrSwfawG wdk;wdk;ay; vdrfhrvm; qdkwJh taeeJY rdrdydkif ]qGJcs owif;pm}uaeNyD; cscs jyaewm[m wdkif;jynfu tod/ wdkif;jynfu tjrif/ txift&Sm;bJ rIwfvm;/

wu,fawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m yifud k,f vlawmf ynmwwfwa,muf jzpfygvsufeJY qdk&S,fvpf EdkifiH jzpfvm,if ae&m,lcsif vdkaewJh pdwfawG qla0vTrf;rdk; avmb a'go rap&pd wfu xdef;csKyf r&Edkifavmufatmif zkH;vTrf;vmawmh ..



46/79


]]awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& qdkwm oli,fESyfpm; r[kwfyguvm;}}vdkYawmif rawG;rdawmhbl;/ rjrifEdkif awmhbl;/

'DtaMumif;eJ Y qufvsuf OD;odef;azjrifhwdkY rodvdkufwJhtaMumif;uav; wckudk usaemf a&;jyvdkuftkH;r,f cifAs/

tJ 'gu ]]qdk&S,fvpfygwD}} qdkNyD; ay:vm&wJ h taMumif;bJ/&mZ0if rSwfwrf; wckvJ jzpfEdkifwmaygh cifAsm/

ta&;awmfykH tNyD;rS m t*Fvdyf 0ifvmawmh usaemfwdkYuvJ

t*Fvd yfudk qufwdkufcsif? uGefjrLepf ygwDu ocifpdk;BuD;uvJ OD;odef;azjrifh&JU aoG;aqmifcsufaMumifh rwdkifcsifbl; jzpfae? ocifoef;xGef;uvJOD;odef;azjrifhudk axmufcHxm; -

tJ'Dwkef;u OD;odef;azjrifheJY ocifpdk;BuD;wd kY t*Fvdyf ppftpdk;&u zGJYay;r,fh tpdk;& tzGJ YxJrSm tpdk;& tzGJY0if awG tjzpf odyfNyD; ygcsifaeMuawmh (tck OD;odef;azjrifh vkyfaeovdkaygh cifAsm/) NydKifbufjzpfwJhqmay:xGef; wdkYudkvJ wzufucs/

jynfolY ta&;awmfykH ygwDu acgif;aqmiftjzpf wifxm;wJhOD;AaqGBuD; udkvJ NydKifbuf jzpfvmEdkifwJh vl qdkNyD; aTawmifMum;vrf;xJrSm aewmudk vufndK;xdk;jy/

t*Fvd yf tpdk;&qDrSm rsufESm &atmifvJ usaemfwd kYudk vufeufawGeJY wyfawGeJY t*Fvdyfudk wdkufbdkY tqifoifh &SdaeMuygw,fvdkY tckvdkbJ cyfajymifajymif vufndK;xdk;jy/

tJ 'Dvdk vkyfcJ hvdkY &JabmfawG id kMu rIdifMu? pdwf"mwfysufMu?aygufuGJMu jzpfukefawmh ..



47/79


AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;u ppfwyf tzsufcH&wJh &JabmfawGudk uref;uwef; pkpnf;NyD ; jynfol Y&Jabmf wyfzG JY zGJYay;?AdkvfrSL;pdefrSefudk tkyfcsKyfcdkif;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk OuXwif tJ'Dvdkvkyf/

tJ 'D tcsdefrSm tpm;taomufuvJ &Sm;yg;? taeuvJ qif;&J?wyftzsufcH&vdkY toJaygufaewJh &JabmfawGu ..

txl;ojzifh ,dk;',m; jrefrm e,fpyfrSm uG,fvGefoGm;wJh (csdKcif) acgif;aqmifwJh &JabmfawG? tmVm0ubpdk; acgif;aqmifwJh &JabmfawG?tJ'D &JabmfawGu tar&duef t*Fvdyf ppfom;awG qDu *spfum;awGvk?vufeufawGvkeJY vkyfvmMu ..

'DtcsdefrSm tck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u 'DaumifawG 'Dvdkxm;vdkYawmhrjzpfzl;qdkNyD; wcsdKUudk NAdwdoQ tpdk;& zGJYpnf;wJh bk&ifr wyfrawmfxJrSm0if&atmif vkyfay;? usefwJh &JabmfawG twGuf aeYpOf pm;a& &dumawG&atmif aemufuG,fu wacsmufacsmufeJY &Smay; ..

'DtxJ vufeuf tjynfhtpk HeJY e,ftES HY usef&pfcJh wJh jynfolYta&;awmfykH wyfzGJYudkvJ e,fruRHatmif xdef;odrf;xm;&/

tJ 'D tcsd efrSmbJ wdkif;jynf&JU a&SUa&;udk Munf hNyD; ygwDawG tuGJuGJ tjym;jym; rjzpfbJ ,kHMunfcsuf &Sd w,f qdk wmudk temcHatmifhtD;NyD; jyvdkufMuygvdkY toJaygufaewJh jynfolYta&;awmfykH ygwDudk

0dkif;ajzmif;zs/ tJ'Dvdk vkyfMuw,f cifAs/ uGefjrLepfygwD wckxJrSm? uRef awmfwdkY tm;vkH;a&mNyD;

0ifaygif;vdkufbdkY wygwDxJ? wzG JYxJ vkyfvdk ufbdkY? wkdif;jynftwGufusaemfwdkYubJ tavQmhay;NyD; aygif;ay;bdkY ajymMuwmaygh/

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY? AdkvfcsKyf ae0if;wdkY? AdkvfrSL;atmifBuD;wdkY

wawGygbJ/



48/79


uGefjrLepfygwDudk vdkufavsmvmwJh AdkvfrSL;vufsmuawmhpdwfysufNyD; tJ'D 2 buf Mum;udk r0ifawmhbl;/

tJ 'Dawmh usaemfwdk Yu oabmw&m; tawG;tac:udk tpuwnf;u uGefjrLepf t,ltqudk vuf cHNyD;om;bJ/ vkyf ykHvkyfenf; eJYppftwGif; usifhokH;ykH usifhokH;enf ; udkom uGefjrLepf trnfcHolawG[m ynmwwf vlwef;pm; qefvdk Y usaemfwdkY oabm ruswmbJ/wdkif;jynf twGuf vk yf&r,fqdk,if b,fae&mu ae&ae& bmvJvkyf&vkyf& vkyfr,f/ aygif;r,f? 0ifr,fvdkY ajymw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dawmh uGefjrLepf ygwDu ..

(wpf) jynfolYta&;awmfykH tzGJY0ifawGudk tzGJYvdkuf vufrcHbl;?wa,mufcsif;udk t&HygwD0ifrsm; tjzpfeJYom vufcHr,f/

(ESpf) tJ'D txJrSm OD;ausmfNidrf;? AdkvfrSL;Munf0if; eJY usaemfhudkvkH;0 vufrcHbl; qdkwJh owfrSwfcsufawG ay;vmw,f cifAs/

aemuf .. xyfNyD; aphpyf aqG;aEG;Muawmh AdkvfrSL;Munf 0if; eJYOD;ausmf Nidrf;udk t&H ygwD0if tjzpf vufcHr,f/ zufqpfaoG; &SdaewJhppfvdkvm;NyD; r[mrdwf t*Fvdyfudk wdkufbdkY wuJuJ vkyfaewJh usaemfhudkuGefjrLepfygwD xJrSm vkH;0 vufrcHEdkifbl;wJh cifAs/

tJ 'Dwkef;u usaemf xG ufaeyghr,f? wkdif;jynftwGuf nDnTwfoGm;,if awmfygNyD/ 0ifcGifh&wJh vlawG 0ifMuygvdkY usaemfuwkdufwGef;w,f/

'gayr,fh usaemf h &JU &Jabmf &JbufawG[m usaemfhudk uGefjrLepfygwDu vuf rcHwJh twGuf tifrwef pdwfqdk;NyD; ] qdk&S,fvpfygwD} udk wnf axmifvdkufMuwm cifAs/ tJ'g[m

qdk&S,fvpfygwD jzpfvmwJh &mZ0ifbJ/



49/79


tJ 'D qdk&S,fvpfygwD xJrSm usaemf[m tajccH awmGmawGudk &atmif vkyf tm; tay;Edkif qkH; pnf;kH;a&;rSL; vkyfcJh ayr,fh w&m;0ifqdk&S,fvpf wa,muf rjzpfcJhbl;/ r0ifcJhrdbl;/

'gayr,fh aemufqkH; atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyfudk vufcHpOfu qdk&S,fvpfygwD wckvkH;&J U ygwDwGif; twdkuftcHacgif;aqmif jzpfcJh&w,f/

usaemf OD;aqmifcJhwJh txufatmuf jrefrmjynf NrdKUe,fcdkif qdk&S,fvpf acgif;aqmif tawmfrsm;rsm;u atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfudk oabm rwlnD MuwJhtwGuf tJ'D pmcsKyfudk qdk&S,fvpfygwDu oabmwlnDaMumif; axmufcH bdkY ta&;rSm 2 &ufausmfausmfaESmifhaES;oGm;cJh&w,f/

tJ 'Daemuf e,fcsJ Yorm;ud k qufvuf qefYusif&mrSm? vufeufudkif wdkuf cdkufa&; txd rvdktyfawmhbl;vdkY ,kHwJhtwGuf?

atmifqef;-tuf wvD pmcsKyfyD;wmeJY t&yfxJrSm olvdkigvdk t&yfom;tjzpf vkyfudkifpm;aomuf aexdkifcJhwm tcktxdbJ/

zqyv qdk&S,fvpfwdkYudk tck qJaewJh OD;odef;azjrifh[m zqyv qdk&S,fvpfwdkY aumif;pm;pOf tcgu? zqyv qdk&S,fvpfwdkY&JU t&dyftm0goudk cdkvIHoifh oavmuf cdkvIHNyD; zqyv qdk&S,fvpfqdkwJh vlawG&JUtaxmuftyHhudk cHoifh oavmuf cHcJhayr,fh ..

qdk&S,fvpfudk wnfaxmifvmcJhwJ h usaemf[m? zqyv qdk&S,fvpfawG&JU t&dyf tm0goudk rcdkvI Hbl;? taxmuf tyhH rcHbl;? vdkifpif rawmif;bl;/ t&yfxJrSm twlaewJh zqyv qdk&S,fvpfawGuawmif trsm;jynfolwd kYeJY twl usaemf &oifh&xdkufwJh tdrfcef;udkray;bJxm;vdkY w&m;ojzifh avQmufwm r&,if trIeJ Y &ifqdkifr,fqdkNyD;

aomhdkufcsdK; zGifhcJhw,f/ twif;wuf aecJh&w,f ../



50/79


'gayr,fh tJ'Dvdk oabmxm;jcif; rwdkufqdkifMu? rwlnDMu ayr,fh 'D zqyv qdk&S,fvpfawG[m usaemfh wa,mufudk uGefjrLepfygwDu vufrcHbl; qdkvdkY qdk&S,fvpf jzpfvmMuwJh vlawG r[kwfvm;As/

'DtaMumif;awGud k ocifpdk;BuD; udk,fwdk ifeJY aphpyf ay;wJh Auy q&mcspfwdkY? OD;ausmfNidrf;wdk Y? AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif ; armifarmifwdk Y? AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;wdkY? AdkvfrSL;BuD; Munf0if;wdkY tm;vkH;odMuw,f cifAs/

tJ 'gvdk usaemf wa,muf xJ twGuf &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfeJY qdk&S,fvpf jzpfvm& Mu&wJ h vlawG udk olwdkY tckvdk avQmusaewJhtcsdefrSm ,kHMunfcsufjcif; rwlayr,fh raygif;bJ raeEdkifbl; cifAs/

olwdkY&JU t,l tqudk vkH;0 raxmufcHayr,fh vlyk*dKvfawGtaeeJY olwdkYudk tultnD ay;&r,f cifAs? tJ'g[m &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfvdkYac:w,f/ vufsmqdk&S,fvpf r[kwfzl;/

eufjzef qufMutkH;pdkYayghAsm/



51/79


52/79


usaemf qdkvdkcsifwm uawmh oifwef; wcgqif;NyD;wdkif; tJ'Doifwef;u tawG;tac:awGudk vufcH,kHMunf Muwdkif;om uGefjrLepf jzpf&r,f qdk,if usaemf[m awmfawmfBuD;BuD; uGefjrLepf jzpfaerSmayghcifAsm/ bmjyKvdk YvJ qdkawmh oabmw&m;a&;&m oifwef;awGu tBudrf awmfawmfrsm;rsm; trsdK; awmfawmfpkHpk H wufcJh oifcJ h avhvmvcJhbl;&wmudk cifAs/

'gayr,fh OD;odef;azjrifh&JU ]qG Jcs owif;pm} uawmh ]vufsmqdk&S,fvpf} vdkYbJ usaemfhudk ZGwfemrnf ay;xm;w,f/

'Dvdk emrnfay;vdkufrSyJ wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm; vdkY qufNyD;pGyfpGJ EdkifbdkYtwGuf ,kwdcdkifvkHr,f r[kwfvm;/

tckvd k acwfBuD;xJrSm ]]vufsm qdk &S,fvpf eJY wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm;}} udk tnrn enf;eJY qufpyfNyD; pGyfpGJEdkifbdkYOmPftjrif &w,fqdkwm awmfkHwefkH rap& pdwfrsdK;eJY rjzpfEdkifbl; cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifhvdk yk*dKvfBuD;rsdK;rS wwfpGrf;EdkifwJh udp/a&;ykHom;ykHudkvJ Munfhav ..

]]&efukefbaqGonf vuf smqdk&S,fvpf wOD ; jzpfcJhonf/pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh vufsmqdk&S,fvpfrsm;udk ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKcJhonf/ tvkyftauR;jyKcJhonf/ wavmu OD;ausmfNidrf;\ ZeD; tdrfay:

wGif ppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGif jyem wnfNrJ zqyv ocifcspfarmifwdkYbufrS oufaocHjcif;ESifh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif ; atmifBuD;udk oGm;a&muf awGYqkHjcif;rsm;u 4if;\ eef;Zmwdkyfudk zkH;uG,fr&atmifazmfjyvdkufjcif;yif jzpf\}} wJh ../ 'gu taMumif;jycsuf pGyfpGJcsuf/

NyD;awmhrS 0efwdkpdwfuav;udk rzkH;Edkif rzdEdkifbJ ..



53/79


]]4if;onf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf jzpfcJhNyD ; ,aeY umvwGif wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; ESif h wxyfwnf; &S daeonf jzpf 4if;\t,ltqrsm;onf wm0ef&Sdolrsm; tay: vTrf;rdk; oufa&mufoGm;onfqdkygu wdkif;jynf\ uHMurmudk rawG;&Jatmifyif &Sdawmh\}} wJh/

'gu pdk ;&drfcsuf/ wdkif;jynftwGuf pdk;&drfykH uav;awG ../pdk;&drf&SmykH uav;awG ../ tJ'Dvdk pdk;&drfaMumufGHY NyD;wJhaemuf qkH;jzwfcsufay;vdkufykHu ..

]]rnfodkYyif jzpfap pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGonf pma&;q&mwOD; taejzifh ,cktcg wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif; vIyf&Sm;aeonf[k aumufcsuf cs&rnfom jzpfonf}} wJh/ / 'guqkH;jzwfcsuf/ vkyfykHuav; b,favmuf vSoenf;/

tm;vkH; NcKHvdkuf,if 'g[m OD;odef;azjrifh&JU tnrn ]a*smuf}wGef;enf;aygh/

usaemf Mum;jzwf wck a&;csifwmu? OD;odef;azjrifhbmaMumifhrsm; usaemfhudk 'gavmuf remvdk rIpdrfh jzpfae&wmvJ/

usaemf pma&;q&mtoif ; OuX 0if vkyf&wm uvJ twif; 0dkif;wifMuvdkY rvTJ ra&Smif omvdkY vufcH&w,f qd kwm OD;odef;azjrifhowif;Mum;rSm ygbJ/

yxr nDvmcHBuD; uwnf;u? OD;odef;azjrif h&JU &JabmfBuD; wuodkvfjrwfol ygwJh vlwpk[m usaemfh tdrfudk a&mufvmMuNyD;,ckvmrnfhESpf pma&;q&m toif;&JU OuXvkyfyg? q&m Z0e usawmhvJ?cPcP xyfaevdkYwJh/ OD;odef;azjrifh usawmh rBudKufvdkYwJh/

tJ 'Dwkef;u? usaemf[m twefwef jiif ;vdkufygw,f? 'Dvdk

jiif;awmh wuodkvfjrwfolu ]]usaemfwdkYawmh aemifdk;wdkufyGJ twdkif;bJ?



54/79


q&mrS wyg; wjcm; b,folYud krS rwifbl;vdkY}} qkH;jzwfxm;w,f qdkyD;ajymw,f cifAs ../

tJ 'gaMumifhvJ usaemf[m tJ'D tcsdefu nDvmcHudk vkH;0 rwufbJ ]]tif;waumf}} udk oGm;aecJ hwm ygbJ/ tck ajcmufvywfnDvmcH a&mufawmh trSwfrxif wufa&mufrd&mu rajy;om ra&SmifomjzpfcJh&wm/

xm;ygawmhav .. 'D taMumif;awGudk &Sif;ae&if q'efqifrif; 0wKxJu? plVokb'm qifrtwdkif ; tifMuif;yGifhudk vIyfacR csay;wJh tcgrSm cgcsOfxkyfBuD; usvm&rvm; qdk yD; ajycsdefwefrS? rajyatmifn dK;wwfwJh? rkqdk;wydkif;-rdef;rdkif;BuD ;udk &Sif;jy ae&ovdk jzpfygw,f/'Dawmh usaemf azmfjyvdkwJh vdk&if;udk a&;yghr,f/

usaemf xifw,f cifAs/ ]]a&xJu ig;[m ukef;ay:u ow0gawGudk a&r&S dbJ b,fvdk vkyfNyD; aeEdkifMuyg vdrfhrvJvdkY

awG;xifjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkifovdk ..}} OD;odef;azjrifh [mvJ &Jabmf&JbufwdkY&JUnmwmrI? cGifhvTwfrI? opmapmifhodrI qdkwJh pdwf"mwfudk em;rvnfEdkifbl;/Oyrm ..

atmifqef;-tuf wvD pmcsKyf NyD;cJhwJhaemuf wcsdKUw0ufaomwyfrawmfom;rsm; yg0ifcJhwJh tmPm& zqyv xJu qdk&S,fvpfawG

t,ltqeJY vkyfykHudkifykH awGudk usaemfeJY wuG wyfrawmfom; trsm;pkwdkYu rBudKufcJhMubl;/

AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; eJYwuG AdkvfrS L;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;wdkYAdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; armifarmifwdkY qdkwm aeYpOfESifh trQ zqqdk&S,fawGudk qJqdk tjypfwif vmcJhMuw,f/ 'D zqqdk&S,fawGudk rSm;,Gif;wdkif; zdwfac: xrif;auR;NyD; qJMuw,f/ bmawGvkyfyg? bmawGvkyfygvdkY

vrf;pOfawG csay;cJhMuw,f/



55/79


56/79


tJ'g[m cifAsm; oabm raygufEdkifwJh &Jabmfpdwf/

cifAsm;wdkY oabmw&m;BuD;eJ Y tay:,Hu okH;oyfr,f

qdk,ifawmh trSm;awG wNyHKcsnf; azmfjyEdkifwJh &Jabmfpdwf/

wu,f euf eufeJeJ EIdufvdkufwJh tcgrSm urmYqdk&S,fvpfwdkif;jynf wdkif;u vufcHvmMu&wJh trsdK;om;a&; OD;wnfcsufjyKwJh&Jabmfpdwf cifAs/

eufjzef qufMuao;wmaygh/



57/79




&Jabmf&Jbuf pd wftaMumif;udk usaemf raeYu t&dyft>rufa&;NyD;cJhygNyD/

aemufxyfa&;jy&r,f qdk,ifvJ trsm;BuD;aygh cifAsm/

usaemfqd k,if vkyfazmfudkifbuf jzpfwJh zqqdk&S,fawGeJ Yt,ltqjcif; rudkufnDvdkY ajcmufESpfausmf ckepfESpfavmuf tul;toef;txGuft0if wBudrfrS rjyKbJ vrf;jywf aecJhayr,fh ..

zqqdk&S,fawG tbdk Y tBudwf te,f jyKvkyf&r,fh ta&;

taMumif;vJ ay:vma&m tJ'D zqqdk&S,fawG udkawmif todray;bl;? pmtkyfwdkuf wnfaxmifr,fh aiGuav;eJY ]rD;'kwf} owif;pm xxkwfay;vdkufw,f cifAs ../

'gayrifh zqqdk&S,fawGudk oGm;rawGYbl;/ wzufu Ak'bmomudkEdkifiHawmf bmom vkyfay;r,fvdkY ausnmawmhrS ..

]]cifAsm;wdkY oabmwlMurS mawmh r[kwfzl;/ 'gayr,fh0w&m;twdkif;awmh ajym&rSmbJ}}

]]tck tcsdefrSm usLyfwd kY[m trsdK;om; pnf;vkH;a&;udkoma&SYIw,f? wdkif;jynfvlxku rauseyfvdkY rJwjym;rS ray;csif aeyg/}}

]]usKyfwdkY rJ&a&;xuf ..

aG;aumufyGJrSm tEdkif&a&;xuf ..



58/79


jynfaxmif pk trsdK;om; pnf;vkH;a&;udk ydkNyD; vdkvm;w,f?wkdif;jynfudk ydkcspfw,f? usKyfwdkYawmh trsdK;om; pnf;vkH;rIudk ysufjym; apwJh Ak'bmomudk EdkifiHawmf bmom vkyfray;Edkifbl; vdkY ausnmvdkufyg/}}

]]tJ'Dvdk ausnmvdkuf&if tck cifAsm;wdkY IH;Mu&r,fh aG;aumufyGJrSmvJ taMumif;jyp&m &oGm;r,f/}}

]]yD;awmh .. EdkifiHawmf bmom vkyfNyD;wJ haemuf jzpfvmr,fh uRufpDuRufpD Mum;xJrSm vlxk[m cifAsm;wdkY buf udk ,drf;,dkifvmMuygvdrfhr,f}} vdkY .. oGm;ajymcJhao;w,f cifAs/

OD;AaqGBuD; udka&m? OD;ausmfNidrf; udka&m ygbJ/ ajcmufESpfausmfckepfESpf twGif; yXrqkH; tcsdef jyefvnf rsufESmcsif; qdkifrdMujcif;aygh ../

usaemfom .. 'Dvdk vkyfovm;? 'Dvd k jzpfovm; qdkawmh r[kwfao;bl;/

tcsdef&SdoaGY zqyvudk cGqJ vmMuwJh wyfrawmfxJu &Jabmf &JbufawG qdk,ifvJ rJa&wGufaewJ h nrSm w,fvDzk H;em;u rcGmbJowif;em;axmif aeMuw,f cifAs/ &efukef wNrdKUvkH; twGuf IH;ukefbD vdkYvJ od&a&m .. pdwfrcsrf;ajrYjcif; BuD;pGmeJY tdyfaq;aomufNyD;tdyfypfvdkuf MuwmbJ/ tJ'Dvdk tdyfaq;aomufNyD; tdyfypfvdkuf Mu&wJh

vlawG[m trsm;tjym;aygh/tJ'g &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfbJ cifAs/

'Dvdk pdwfrsdK;[m wnfNidrfrI? cdkifrmrI? cGifhvTwfrI? udk,fusdK;pGefYrI?op m&SdrI qdkwJh t&nftcsif;awG udef;0yf wJh vlrsdK;rSmrS &SdwwfMu?oabmaygufwwf Muw,f/

OD;odef;azjrifhvdk yk*dKvfrsdK; twGufawmh ..



59/79


]]a&rSmaeaom ig;onf ukef;xuf touf&Sif aeonfh ow0grsm;udk a&r&Sd ygbJvsuf rnfodkY touf&S ifae& ygoenf;[krodEdkifavbd ouJhodkY ..}}

OD;odef;azjrifhvJ &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfqdkwmudk od&Sd oabmaygufvdrfhr,f r[kwfbl; cifAs/

'g[m oufouf pGyfpGJw,fvdkY rxifygeJY/ cdk ifrmwJh taxmuftxm;awG trsm;BuD; &Sdygw,f/ xif&Sm;rIawGudk azmfjy&,if? Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD xJu vkyfazmfudkif zufcsif; op mazmufNyD; qdk&S,fvpfacgif;aqmif OD;AaqGBuD;udk vmawGYcJhwm ..

tJ 'Daemuf jynfawmfomacwfu acgif;aqmifBuD; ocifEk&JU ygvDref 'Drdkua&pD wnfwefY cdkifNrJa&; vTwfawmfrdefYcGef;udkajymifajrmufwJh pum;vkH;awGeJY axmufcHcJhNyD; ..

tck ygvDref 'Drdkua&pDudk trkef;wD;qkH; vlwa,muf tjzpfvkyfjyaewm ..

AdkvfcsKyfBuD; tdrf apmif h tpdk;& vufxufu zqyvawGeJYtdrfapmifhtpdk ;& rajyrvnf jzpfaewJh tcsdeftcgrSm zqyv utdrfapmifhtpdk;&udk jzKwfcszdkY t,kHtMunf r&Sdtqdk wifoGif;&if yrnwu av;q,fhav;rJvkH; axmufcHr,f qdkNyD; OD;bNidrf ; ajymwJh pum;udk

oabmwlnD wdkufwGef;cJhwm ..tJ'Dvdk vl;vm wkHYcwfwwfwJh mOfrsdK;&SdwJh vlawGrSm wnfNidrfrI?

cdkifrmrI? cGifhvTwfrI? udk,fusdK;pGefYrI? op m&SdrI qdkwJ h t&nftcsif;rsdK;r&SdEdkifbl;/

'Dvdk t&nftcsif;rsdK; r&Sd&if &Jabmfpdwf r&Sdbl; cifAs/

usaemfh taeeJYawmh -



60/79


usaemfom Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD0if wa,muf jzpfaer,fqdk&if oabmcsif; rwdkufqdkifvJ twlwl yl;aygif; rvkyfEdkif awmif rdrdbmom NidrfoufaerSmbJ/

aemufqkH; Armjynf uGef jrLepfygwDudk wwdkif;wjynfvkH;u0dkif;NyD; Iwfcs aeMutkH;? qJa&; aeMutkH;? usaemfhudkyg tJ'D txJu qJa&;p&m uGefjrLepf wa,muf taeeJY a&maESm vufndK;xdk;NyD; qJa&;aetkH; ../

usaemf[m vlrsm pGyfpGJ qJa&;orQudk cHNyD; udk,fh&Jabmf&JbufuGefjrLepfawG twGuf Nidrfouf aerSmbJ/

OD;odef;azjrifhvdk ygwD cGJraxmifbl;? jyefvSef rwdkufbl;/

wjcm;olawGu wdkufcdkufvm,ifawmif usaemf rBudKufcJhwmawG NrdKodyfxm;NyD; wwfEdkiforQ tumtuG,f ay;r,f? tultnD ay;r,f?tJ'g[m &Jabmf&Jbufpdwf cifAs/

tck OD;odef;azjrifh[m &Jabmf&Jbuf uGefjrLepfawG tay: tJ'Dvdkoabmxm; ovm;? opm&Sd ovm; qdkwm wdkif;odjynfodaygh cifAsm/

uRefawmf 'Dvdka&;awmh &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfudk oabm raygufEdkifwJh OD;odef;azjrifhu vludkMunfh NyD; ]rl} udk rMunfhwwfwJh ]awGa0ol} vdkY usaemfhudk ajymaumif; ajymr,f/

usaemfh tjrifu tJ'D ]rl} udk Munfhw,fqdkwJh trSm;rsdK;awG[mqdk&S,fvpf EdkifiHawGrSm txyfxyf rSm;yD;cJhMu NyD;NyD/

'gaMumif h ]rl} ud k MunfhwJh ae&mrSm ]vl} awGudk cGifhvTwfcsufynmay;csufeJY Munfh&w,f/



61/79


qdk&S,fvpf wkdif ;jynfwjynfudk wnfaxmif&mrSm ]rl} udkcsnf; MunfhNyD; wnf axmif,if trsdK;om;a&; qdkwJh OD;wnfcsuf ysufokOf;oGm;wwfw,f/

txl;ojzif h usaemfwdkYvd k Ed kifiH ti,fpm;av;awG tbdkYtrsdK;om;a&; OD;wnfcsuf aysmufqkH;oGm;,if ]]r[mtE&m,f}} bJ cifAs/

usaemf[m t,ltq a&;&mawGudk rajymcsif? ra&;csifbl;/vkyfief; tawGYtBuHKeJY vufawGY oabmawGudkom a&;csif ajymcsifw,f/tJ'Dawmh &Jabmf&Jbufpdwf taMumif; awmfvdkufMu ygpdkYAsm/

usaemf a':EG,fBuD;wdkY td rf ygoGm;wJh taMumif;udk&Sif;jyawmhr,f/

waeYawmh usaemfeJ Y &efjzpfbuf zqyv ocifcspfarmif[musaemfhqDudk a&mufvmw,f/

]]a[h udk,fhvl&? rif;wdkY ppfwyfu vlawGudkvJ MunfhvkyfygtkH;uG/tck rEG,fBuD;wdkY tdrfrSm OD;ausmfNidrf;vJ tzrf;cH& NyD;a&m ppfwyfu qdkNyD; taumifwaumif a&mufaew,f/ tdrfxJudk 0ifvdkuf xGufvdkufeJY NyD;awmh [dkrSm &SdwJh aumifav;awG udkvJ awmifajym ajrmufajymeJY vufeufawG tqifoifh &SdaeNyD/ wefjyef awmfvS efa&; pawmhr,f/usKyfwdkYud k aiGay;ygvdkYvJ awmif;ao;w,f/ igwdk Yu bmrS vJ rvkyf?

bmrSvJ rodeJY/ rEG,fBuD;uvJ aMumufvdkY? tJ'g udk,fhq&mMunfhvkyfygtk H;/ 'Daumifudk ar;Munfhawmh t&rf; oef;nTefY wyfuvdkYajymowJh/}}

ocifcspfarmifu 'Dtwdkif ; ajymw,f cifAs? ocifcspfarmifwdkY (zqyvawG) pdwfxJrSm ppfwyfu vlawGu zqyvawG udk trIqif zrf;aew,f/ bdef;ypf zrf;aew,fvdkY ,k HMunf pdwfraumif;

jzpfaeMuw,f cifAs/



62/79


ppfwyfuvJ bmrS rvkyf&bJeJY emrnfysuf ae&w,f cifAs/ tJ'DtxJrSm t&rf;oef;nTefY qdkwmu usaemfh &Jabmf&Jbuf/

tJ'D 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD; t&rf;oef;nTefY qdkwm jzwfvrf;u wufjzpfvmwJh 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD; r[kwfzl;/ atmufajcu opm &Sd&SdeJY BudK;BudK;yrf;yrf;aqmifGufvm&if; wpwp wm0efBuD;awGudk xrf;aqmif vm&wJhvl/

'DvlrsdK;rSm &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwf&S dw,f/ wzufom;udk vkyfBuHpGyfpGJwwfwJh ,kwf,kwfrmrm pdwfrsdK; r&Sdbl;/

'Dawmhum? 'D a':EG,fBuD;wdk Y tdrf vmaew,fqd kwJh vl[mb,fenf;eJYrS t&rf;oef;nTefYu cdkif;wm rjzpfEdkifbl;/

'Dvl 'Dvdk vmNyD; twifh&J&JeJY vdrfaewJh twGuf ..

1/ t&rf;oef;nTefY eJY wuG wyfrawmf wckvkH; emrnfysufw,f/

2/ txl;ojzifh zqyv awGu wyfrawmfudk txifvTJrSm; Edkifw,f/

'Dvdk ae&mawGrSm usaemfwdkY[m &Jabmf&JbufawG taeeJY 'DvdkvlvdrfawGudk azmfxkwf ay;EdkifbdkY vdktyfw,f/

azmfxkwfvdk ufjcif; tm;jzifh wyfrawmf[m 'Dvd k tvkyfrsdK;awG rvkyfygbl; qdkwmudk wdkif ;jynfua&m zqyvawG uyg acgif;xJrSm

&Sif;oGm;Edkifw,f/ wzufeJ Y wzuf txiftjrif vGJrSm;rIawG uif;aysmufoGm;Edkifw,f/

yD;awmhvJ? tckvdk olY a,mufsm; txdef;odrf; cHae&wJh tcsdef tcgrSm? olYrdef;r twGuf usaemfwdkYu apmifha&Smufay;&r,fh 0w&m;&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/ usaemfom r[kwfygbl;? rvTJra&SmifomvdkY xdef;odrf;ay;xm;&wJh AdkvfcsKyfBuD;uvJ olY rdef;rudk apmifha&Smuf ay;&rSmbJ/



63/79


tJ'g[m &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfeJY awG;wJh tawG;bJ cifAs/

eufjzefrS qufMuao;wmaygh/



64/79




OD;ausmfNidrf; tdrfud kvmNyD; vdrfaewJh rif;vGif udpeJY ywfoufNyD;OD;odef;azjrifh&JU ]qGJcsowif;pm} u -

]]wavmu OD;ausmfNid rf; ZeD;tdrfay:wGif ppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGifjyem wnfNrJ zqyv ocifcspfarmif wdkYbufrS oufaocHjcif;ESifh -

AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;udk oGm;a&mufawGYqkHjcif;rsm;u4if;\ eef;Zmwdkyfudk zkH;uG,f r&atmif jzpf\}} vdkY a&;xm;w,f/

'Dae&mrSm OD;odef;azjrifheJY usaemf[m wyfrawmf tay:xm;&SdwJh

oabmxm;jcif; vkH;0 rwlbl;/

OD;odef;azjrifh yd kifwJh ]qG Jcsowif;pm} BuD;&JU ta&;tom; t&qGJcsowif;pm&JU qdkvdkcsufudk azmf&,if -

OD;ausmf Nidrf; ZeD;tdrfay:rSm wnfNrJ zqyv ocifcspfarmifwdkYbufu oufaocHNyD; ppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGifudkvJ zrf;ay;w,f/

yD;awmh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; eJ YvJ oGm;awGYw,f/'gaMumifh usaemfh&JU eef;Zmwdkyfay:w,f/ 'Dvdkqdkxm;w,f cifAs/

usaemfh oabmu OD;odef ;azjrifh&JU qG Jcsowif;pm eJY vkH;0rwlbl;/



65/79


'D rif;vGif qdkwJh taumif[m wyfrawmfudk emrnfzsufaew,f/ usaemfh &Jabmf&Jbuf 'kAd kvfrSL;BuD ; t&rf;oef;nT efYudkvJ emrnfzsufaew,f/

yD;awmh ,kHMunfcsufjcif; rwlMuvdkY tcdkuftwefY pdwf0rf;uGJ aeMu&wJh &J abmf&Jbuf awGudk wzufeJY wzuf txiftjrifodyfrSm;atmif? odyfuGJ oGm;atmif udk,fa&;udk,fwm udk,fusdK; udk,fhudp wrsdK;xJudk MunfyD; 0ifa&muf cavmufqefaewJ h taumif? tJ'Dvdkjrifw,f cifAs/

'Dae&mrSm OD;odef;azjrifheJ Y usaemfeJY rwl wJh tcsufawGtrsm;csnf; &Sdw,f/ Oyrm - OD;odef;azjrifhu ppfpk Haxmufudk zrf;ay;&rvm;vdkY rcHr&yfEdkif jzpfjyaew,f/ usaemfu ppfpkHaxmufudk r[kwfzl;? oufouf ppfwyfudk emrnfysufatmif vkyfaew,fvdkY jrifw,f/OD;odef;azjrifheJY usaemf[m ppfwyf tay:rSm oabmxm;ykHcsif;udk rwlbl;cifAs/

yD;awmh OD;odef;azjrifh&JU oabmxm;u awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&&JUywf0ef;usifrSm ig wa,mufrS wyg; b,folrS eD;eD;pyfpyf r&Sdapcsifbl;/

usaemfuawmh tJ'Dvdk r[kwfzl;/

awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&[m tawG;tac:a[mif; t,ltq

a[mif;awG td k;pGJ aewJ h vlxkBuD; w&yfvkH;udk qefYusifNyD; acwfBuD;udktwif;ajymif; ae&&Smw,f/

'gudk tiftm;&SdwJh jynfy EdkifiHBuD; wcsdKUuvJ rvdkvm;Mubl;/

'D tcsdefrSm awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& twGuf tul tnD vdkw,f/wkdifyifazmf wdkifyifzuf vdkw,f/



66/79


'Dvdk tcsdefrsdK;rSm usaemfh oabmu awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&taeeJY ..

]]a[hvlawG cifAsm;wdkY BudKufwm rBudKufwm cPab;z,fxm;/usKyfvkyf aewJh tvkyfrSm awGYae&wJh tcuftcJawGudk b,fvdk ajz&Sif; &rvJqdkwm 0dk if;0ef; tBuHOmPf ay; Muprf;/ 'gayr,fh usKyfBudKufrSvkyfr,fvdkY}} ajymapcsifw,f/

AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;awG tygt0if zqqdk&S,f qdkwJholawGu ,kHMunfcsufcsif; rwlayr,fh t&ifwkef;uvdkbJ &Jabmf&Jbufpdwfjyif;jyif;xm;yD; ..

]]cifAsm; ,kHMunfovdkawmh usKyfwdkYr,kHMunfbl;/ 'gayr,fh cifAsm; pdwfxJu odyf vkyfcsifae,if a[m'D tcuf tcJrsdK; awGYawmh cifAsm;enf;eJY a[m'Dvdk ajz&Sif;/ usaemfwdkY obmeJY qdk,ifawmh'DvdkvkyfrSmbJ}} - vdkY/

tJ 'Dvdk 0dkif;0ef;yD; twif; tul tnD ay;vmoifhw,f/ay;vm,ifvJ vufcHoifhw,fvdkY xifaew,f cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

teD;pyfqkH; Oyrm wckjy&,ifawmh tareJY taz &efjzpfyD; uGJMuwJhtcsdefrSm usaemfu tJ'D tareJY taz&JU om;orD;eJY wlw,f cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifhuawmh tJ'D &ef jzpfaeMuwJh vifr,m; teuf a,mufsm;vkyfwJh vludk rsufES majymifajymifeJY trdzrf;&atmif jrLvmwJht&yfysufreJY wlw,f cifAs/

bmjyKvdkYvJ qdkawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m EkdifiH a&; tzGJYtoD;oD;wdkYeJY emrnfysuf cGmNyJvmcJh &NyD; tckrS awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&&JUrqv vrf;pOfudk tpGrf;ukef jrLqG,fae&qJ r[kwfvm;/



67/79


68/79


ESpfa,mufom; awmfawmfeJY pum; rajymEdkifMubJ wa,mufrsufESm wa,mufMunfhNyD; puefY okH;q,favmuf Nidrfae Muw,f cifAs/

'DtcsdefrSm ocifpd k;BuD;[m rdrd vwfwavm cHpm;ae&wJha&m*gawGudka&m? *syefudk wdkufaeqJ ae&mwdkif;rSm tBuD;tus,f oabm uGJvGJ cJhMu&wm awGud ka&m? vufeufawGudk vkMuvdkY tBudwfte,f&efjzpfcJh&wm awGudka&m? tJ'gawG tm;vkH;udk arhNyD; ..

ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm uGJae&wJ h 'dkY twl wuG wdkufazmfwdkufzufaoazmfeJY awGYqkH&jyef ygNyDaumvdkY ..

rsufESm wckvkH; 0if;xdefvmatmif MunfEl;0rf;ajrmuf aewmbJcifAs/

yD;awmh - usaemfwdkY[m wa,muf rsufESmudk wa,muf r0Edkifatmif Munfh&if; ..

]]cifAsm; yg;a&awG eJeJ avsmhvmayr,fh kyfrysufzl;}}

]]at;-rif;uawmh acgif;jzL vmwmu vGJ &if vSvdk Y 0vdkYygvm;uG}

]]usaemf t&ufaomufvGef;vdkY acgif;jzLoGm;wm? tckvJ tdrfu]aomuf} vmcJhao;w,fav ..}}

]]a[ .. [kwfvm;/ rif; t&if odyfNyD; xdef;odrf;wJhvlyg? 'grsdK;rMum;bl;cJh &ygvm;/ tck b,fvdk jzpf&wmwkef;}}

]][dkwkef;u wm0ef xrf;aqmifae&wJh tcsdef cif As/ tckawmhusaemf vGwfvyfaebD}}



69/79


70/79


'gayr,fh usaemfh rSm tJ'Dvdk vkyfzd k Y tcsdeftm; r&bl;? reufpmreuf npmn &SmazG pm;ae&wJ h tcsdef? a&;vufp pmawGudkaeYpOf ay;ae&wJh tcsdef cifAs/

'gaMumif h okH;q,fu pmay a[majymyGJudk oGm;&if; AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;eJY wntdyfyJ tEdkifEdkif awGYvm&w,f cifAs/

tJ 'D Adk vfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; eJ Y AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;qdkwm[mvJ a';'&J oJukef;rSm &Spfq,favmuf&SdwJh *syefwyfu vm0dkif; awmh wa,mufvufudk wa,muf touftyfNyD; twlwl pGef fYpm;xGufvmcJhMu &wJh &Jabmf&Jbuf cifAs/

'D &Jabmf&Jbuf 2 OD;[m ,kHMunfcsufjcif ; rwlMuvdkY tcktcdkuftwefY pdwf0rf;uGJ aeMuayrifh vlcsif; bmrS rjzpfzl;/ wu,fawmh wa,muf&JU ,kHMunfcsufudk wa,mufu tavQmhay;NyD; vdkufembdkYb,fawmhrS rcJ,Of;bl; cifAs ..

tJ - wckawmh &Sdw,f/

i,fwJhtrI BuD ;atmif? BuD;wJhtrI ajz&Sif;vd kY r&atmiftBudrf Budrf txyfxyf xyfNyD; ab;wD;ay;aer,fh OD;odef;azjrifhwdkYvdk olawmfaumif; oljrwfavmif;awG ESpfOD; ESpfzufvkH;&JU ywf0ef;usifrSm&SdaeMur,f qdk,ifawmh jyefvnfaygif;pyf EdkifbdkY cJ,Of;csif cJ,Of;raygh/

usaemf wa,muf taeeJY qEuawmh wcsdefu usaemfwdkYr,kHMunfcJhwJh vkyfief;pOfudk zqyvawG vkyfzdkY &SpfESpfavmuf rsufESmvTJcJhMuw,f/ vdkufavsm ulnD cJhMuw,f/

tck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;wdkY usaemf wdkY ,kH Munf wJh vkyfief;udkr,kHMunfwJh zqyveJ Y txl;ojzif h udkatmifBuD;wdkY? udkarmifarmifwdkYu

0dkif;0dkif;0ef;0ef; vdkufavsm vkyfudkif ay;apcsifw,f/



71/79


tJ 'Dvdk 0dkif;0ef;ay;wmudk AdkvfcsKyfae0if;uvJ BudKufovdkuefYowfcsuf xm;NyD; vufcHvdkuf apcsifw,f/ tJ'g[m usaemfh qE ..

usaemfwd kY ajrmf vifh &nfrSef;xm;wJh acwfopfBuD;udk xlaxmifaeMu&wJh tcsdefrSm awG YBuHKvm&r,fh tcuftcJ trsdK;rsdK;udk &ifqdkifEdkifbdkY'D &Jabmf&Jbufa[mif; awGeJY pnf;pnf;vkH;vkH; &SdapcsifwJh twGuf usaemf[m wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;BuD; jzpf&r,fvdkY pGyfpGJcsifw,f qdk,ifvJpGyfpGJMuayawmh cifAs/

eufjzefrS tqkH;owfuav;udk qufMuygOD;pdkY/



72/79




tck usaemfhay;pmudk zwf vm,if;eJY OD;odef;azjrifh eJY usaemf b,fvdkrS rwlnDwJh jcm;em;csufawG &Sdaew,f qdkwm OD;odef;azjrifhodaumif;ygNyD/

tJ'Dawmh OD;odef;azjrifh pdwfxJrSm ]]'Dtaumif igBudK;yrf; aeovdk wm0efcHol wm0ef&S dolawG vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeavrvm;}} vdkYrpdk;&drfygeJY ..

OD;odef;azjrifh odxm;zdkYu tJ'Dvdk tvkyfrsdK;awGudk udk,fa&;wJhyef;csDum;udk Munfh&if; aomufvdkuf&wJ h t&uf wcGufavmuf wefbdk;

rxm;bl; cifAs/

tJ 'gudk usaemfh &Jabmf&Jbuf awGeJY taygif;toif; tm;vkH;uodxm;Muw,f/

'DtxJrSm OD;odef;azjrifhu vufsmqdk&S,fvpfyJ? wefjyef awmfvSef a&;orm;yJvdkY pGyfpGJ awmh tpif ;od jzpfMuwJh usaemfh &Jabmf&Jbuf

awGtbdkY jyufvkH;wckvdk jzpfaerSmaygh cifAs/

'gayr,fh usaemfh tbdkY wck owdxm;rdvmw,f/

]tqdyf vufeuf&S daom ow0g[m rd rd &&Sdxm;wJh tqdyfvufeufeJY wyg;olwdkYtm; tNrJ&efvdk aeovdk ..}



73/79


owif;pm wapmif &xm;wJ h OD;odef;azjrifh[mvJ tJ'D &xm;wJhowif;pm vufeufeJY jrifjrif&m&mudk tNrJ &efvdkaewmvJ ..

ta&;rBuD; vSao;bl; cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifh[m tJ'D &xm;wJh vufeufeJY usaemfwdkYudkvJ a&;?wdkif;jynf twGuf trsdK;om;twGuf ajzmif hajzmifhrSefrSef apwemoefoefeJYvJ a&; ..

a&;om a&;yg/

Armjynf twGuf arG;vmwJh Armwkdif;&if;om; wa,muf taeeJYArmjynftbd kY a&;ayap? csayap? aqmfayap? wwyfwtm;bJ? 'gudkcGifhvTwf&r,f/

tckawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m tJ'Dvdk wdkif;jynftwGufdk;dk;om;om; apwem&SdwJh yk*dKvfrsdK; r[kwfawmhbl;/

ckdifvkHwJh taxmuftxm;eJY xif[yf Munfh&r,f qdk,if -

ppfBuD;twGif;u tdEd,rSm zGifhxm;wJh tufpftdktD ; ac:wJh NAdwdoQ olvQd KXmeu rp wm bwfwm;pfbd kif; wdk Y&JU vufatmufrSm?vcpm; tjzpfeJY trIxrf;vmcJhwJh OD;odef;azjrifh[m ..

tufpftD;tdkif ac:wJh yO rHwyfom; twwfoifausmif;rSmwdkif;jynf twGuf toufpGefYvdk aewJh ArmhrsdK;cspf vli,fuav;awGudkydkYay;cJhNyD; -

ppfajy; NAdwd oQwdkY&JU tvdkus yO rHwyfom; uav;rsm;&JUb0a&mufatmif tay:,Hu EdkifiHa&; zkH;tkyfNyD; ..

oifwef;q&m wa,muf taeeJY oifMum;cJh? odrf;oGif;cJh/



74/79


ppfajy; NAdwdoQ tpdk;& twGuf rIdif;wdkuf ay;cJhbl; ovdk ..

tckvJ Armh EdkifiHa&;orm;BuD; OD;odef;azjrifh[m vuf0J EdkifiHBuD;

wEdkifiH twGuf wynfhvufom; tpkHtvifeJY ..

tJ 'D vuf 0J EdkifiHBuD ;&JU tusdK;udk qkvmbf,lyD ; o,fyd k;aqmifGufay; aejyefNyDvdkY od&w,f cifAs ../

xif&Sm;wJh taxmuftxm; uawmh ..

tck yl;wGJ azmfjyvdkufwJh bavmuf "mwfykHbJ/

(t*Fvdyfpm ESifh pmtkyfrS wrsufESm?(t*Fvdyfpm ESifh pmtkyfrS wrsufESm?(t*Fvdyfpm ESifh pmtkyfrS wrsufESm?(t*Fvdyfpm ESifh pmtkyfrS wrsufESm?

bavmuf odyfrxif&Sm;yg)bavmuf odyfrxif&Sm;yg)bavmuf odyfrxif&Sm;yg)bavmuf odyfrxif&Sm;yg)

tJ'D bavmuf "mwfykHyg pmudk? Armvdk jyefvdkuf,if ..

jrefrmjynf&Sd ( .. .. .. ) axmufvSrf;a&; tzGJ Uu? aqmifGufvsuf&Sdaom pmay vkyfief;rsm; teuf? wckaom vkyfief;rSm? uGefjrLepfvdkvm;aom (jrefrm) owif;pm r* Zif; trsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk csKyfudkif&efESifh?

wdkufdkufaiGaMu; axmufyHh&ef jzpfonf/

trsm;tm;jzifh? xd k owif;pmESifh r*Zif;wdkYrSm? Mum;aea&; 0g' orm;rsm; toGif aqmif,l xm; aomfvnf ;? pifppf xdkowif;pmr*Zif;wdk Yonf ( .. .. .. ) 0g'udk ZGJaumif;aumif;ESif h jzefYcsD ay;aeMuonf/



75/79


76/79


77/79


tajctae aumif;rGefaeonfh taetxm;rsdK;wGif vlYb0udk wefbdk;xm;&rSef; rodbJ? rsufarG;wqkH;om MunfhNyD; rdkufl;&J vkyfvdkaom wkyfygwD acgif;aqmifrsm;\ vrf;aMumif;udk qdk&S,fvpfa&; tiftm;pk {&mr trsm;pkBuD;u4if;? odrf;BuHK; rsm;jym;vSaom vlom; {&mrtrsm;pkBuD;u4if;? ESmacgif;IHU aeMuNyD ..}}

qdkwmrsdK;awGudk OD;odef;azjrifh BudKufovdk a&;Edkifw,f cifAs ../

'gayr,fh 21.9.63 aeYu ]]Auy pOf;pm; apcsifygonf}} qdkwJhacgif;BuD;rsdK;eJY a&;wmrsdK;? OD;odef;azjrifh &JU owif;pmrsdK;u a&;wm vkH;0roifhawmfbl; xifw,fcifAs/

aqmif;yg; wckvkH;udk NcHKzwfvdkuf,if? Auy yDuif; aemufvdkufvJ r[kwfygvdkY ajzoGm;ayr,fh? jELu&D;,m; vufeuf prf;oyfrI ydwfyifa&; pmcsKyf? wkyf tdEd, e,fpyf jyem wdkYESifh ywfoufNyD; ajzMum;&mrSm yDuif; &yfwnfcsuf twdkif; awGY&aMumif;?

oifhovdk ajzoGm;,if;? armfpudkeJY jzpfap? yDuif;eJY jzpfap wlnDoGm;&onf[k ,lq Edkifayr,fh yDuif; aemufvdkufoufouf r[kwfyg[k ajzxm;ayyr,fh? OD;od ef;azjrif h tzd kY MunfMunfvifvif r&SdvSaomfvnf;? 'Dtwdkif; vufcH xm;&aMumif; qdkwmawG ..

aemuf taMumif;aMumif;udk rdrd wdkif;jynfa&;&m twGuf MunfhNyD;? qdk&S,fvpf wdkif;jynf toD;oD; wdkY[m? yDuif ;buf ygolyg?

armfpudkbuf ygolyg jzpfMuovdk? usaemfwdkYvnf; udk,fhwdkif;jynf ta&;udk,fMunfhMu&r,f jzpfaMumif;eJY qG,fvmNyD; -

]]wkyfjynfolY orwEdkifiHonf? 4if;udk,fEIdufu? pD;yGm;a&;tm;jzifh wu,f zlvkHaeNyD r[kwf&um;? tjcm; EdkifiHrsm;tm; qdk&S,fvpf pD;yGm;a&; xl axmif&ef twGuf? wu,f tvkH;t&if; ESifh pD;yGm;a&;

tultnD ay;Edkifonf h tajctae r&Sday../ ukefvkyf twwfynm



78/79


79/79


tvif;odk Y a&mufvm yl ;aygif;Muawmhr,fh vuf0J tiftm;pkawGudk ..

BudKwifqG,fjcif;? vrf;aMumif;ay;jcif ;? Ncdrf ;ajcmufjcif; ponfhoabm ouf0ifonfh ta&;tom;rsdK; jyKvkyfjcif; tm;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkvJ ysufjym;apEdkif ygw,f/ Armjynf&JU Mum;ae0g' udkvJ xdcdkufapEdkifygw,f cifAsm; ../

'gaMumifh wdkif;jynfudk oem;aom tm;jzifh -

Arm opmazmufwdkY&JU olvQdK owif;pmrsdK; jzpfapumrl ..

'Dvdk udp&yfrsdK;awGrSm wdkif;jynfpdwf? vlrsdK;pdwf oefYoefYxm;NyD;?0ifa&muf pGufzufjcif;? ab;wD;jcif;? qG,fjcif; ponfwdkY rjyKbJ -

usaemfwdkYudk trsdK;rsdK; pGyfpGJ ykwfcwfaejcif;xuf -

rdrdudk,f rdrd opm&Sd olcdk; "m;jywdkY xkHavmufudk ESvkH;rlyD; -op m&Sd olvQdKtjzpf &yfwnfyg&ef taMumif ; jyefMum;

vdkufygonf cifAsm;/

&efukefbaq&efukefbaq&efukefbaq&efukefbaqGGGG

26-9-6326-9-6326-9-6326-9-63

Documents

Yangon Ba Swe to TPM