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IUDK 63Zt I YU IS5N ()37-7166
INSTITUT ZA lAS11nJ ampfUA- BEOGRAD INSTITUTE FOR PLANT PROTECTION - BEOGRAD
ZASTITA BILJA (PLANT PROTECTION)
VOL 39 (4) BROJ 186 1988 GOD
Zastita bilja Vol 39 (4) Br 186 (str 389-484) Beograd 1988
Vol 39 (4) Br 186 (str 389-484) Beograd 1988
CONTENTS
Original scientific papers
R Noor Hassan B Kratic and M ToSic lomato seed infection with mosaic viimiddotus and possibility ol dishysinfection 399
N MiUCevic
Activity of peroxidase in the root of the sugar beet infected with the virus of necrotic yellow of sugar beet nerves bull bull 406
s s~ojanovic Mycoflora of the bark of dead grope shoots - II 424
s Stojanovtc and B Pono Selection of wheat concerning the resistance to the causer of powdery mildew bull bull 433
J Bokovic The reaction of spring wheat genotypes to Puccinia graminfa tfftici in hilly-mountain regions of Boonia and Hercegovina 442
M ArsenlaquoJevic and J Jan~utic On the findings of Pestaloiopsb sp (syn Pestalotia sp) on aople fruits put middotinto storoage H9
R SpasiC 0 Petrovic and Lj Mihajlovic Collitribution to the knowledge of Bruchophagus roddi Guss Chalshyctdoidea Eu711tomidae) middot bull bull bull bull bull bull 454
M Bakovic N Miloevskt I Peric M Sestovic and R Mifkovic The fate of phocate in soil and potatoes 466-middot167
Profesional papers M Muntaiiola-cvetkovic M Mihclamptgtie and J Vukoetne
The resuLt$ obtained until now ln the investi~tions of Phomopsis Diaporthe helianthi on sunflower I Mycolo~cal aspects 477-47
399 ZaAtiltagt biijoa Vol 39 (4) br 186 393-39D (1988) Beograd
N i k i tj n a M A (1966) Rasproamptranenie virusa Tabaka pri rassadnom i bezrassashydnom sposobakh vyrashchivaniya Tomatov - Izv Akad Nauk kazakh SSR Ser Biol 1966(3) 26-35 (Abstr RAM 451966 3412)
N i kit in a M A (1969) Virusnye belmeni Tomatov zakrytogo ~runta v Almamiddot -Atinskoi oblasti - Trudy kazakh nauchno-issled Inst Zashch 10 260-263 (Abstr RPP 491970 562)
0 g n y an ova A et Shu k a r o v L (1968) Unishtozhavane na Tvutyuneviya virus v semenata na DomaNte chrez visoka tempetmiddotatula - Gradinarstvo 10 28-31 (Abstr RAM 481969 926)
Proctor C H and Fry P R (1965) Seed transmission of Tobacco mosak virus in Tomato - N Z J~ agric Res 8 367-369 (Abstr RAM 441965 2611)
s h my g 1y a V A (1963) 0 komevoi vlrusnoi infektsii Tornatov i Kartofelya -Dokl mosk sel-khoz Akad K A Timiryazeva 89 393-399 (Abstr RAM 431964 2560)
Taylor R H G rogan R G and Kimble K A (1961) Transmission of wbacoo mosaic virus in romato seed - PhytQpathololtY 51 837-842
Twa r dow i c z - J a k us z Ann a (1961) Zwalczanie chorob Wlirusowych Poshymidorow szklarniowych - Biul Inst Ochr Rosl Poznan 1961 12 109-128 Abslttr RAM 411962 254)
Van W i n c k e 1 A (1965 Epidemiologie vmiddotan romatenmozaiek - A2ricuLtura Louvain 13 711-719 (Abstr RAM 45 1966 1514)
Wei 1 B (1967) Ertragsverluste durch Virusbefall bei Tomampten - Z PflKrankh PflSchutz 74 593-602 (Abstr RAM 47 1968 1290)
(lrimHeno 1 09 1988)
TOMATO SEED INFECTION WITH MOSAIC VIRUS AND POSSIBILITY OF DISINFECTION
by
Bana Noor Hassan Sind Agrdcultural Universtty
Tandoiam Pakistan
B Krstic anlti M Toile Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade
B-eograd middot- Zemun
Summary
Tested tomato fruits collected in August 1986 et the fresh market in Zemun were infected with tobacco mosaic virus from 61-90oo All seeds from infected tomato fruits were also infected with the virus
Tomato seed lots from the shops collected in January 1986 were infected by tobacco mosaic virus in a very low percentage (0-1 ) Seed lot of tomato cv San Pierre was infected 066(1o seed lot of cv Marglobo was infected with the virus at the ratio of 1 oo but seed lot of tomato cv Heinz tested at the same time was free of tobacco mosaic virus
Thermotherapy of tomato seed for 24 hrs at 85oC showed to be effective against tobacco mosaic virus while treatments for the same period at 82C or 80C were less effective and tobacco mosaic virus was not completely inactivated Seed germination after thermotherapy was not considerably decreased
406 Za~Wa bimiddotlja Vol 3e 4) 1br 186 401-400 (1988) Beograd
M ll ova nov i ~ M S-uti c D C ve-t k o v l c R (1986) Rasprostranjenost ri shyzomaniie i lntenzitet zaraze na zemliittima drustvenog sektora u Sremu Agronomski ~nik br 4 43-50
P e ~i c Z D uri l 1c V (1977) Aktivnost nekih oksidativnih fermenata u seianshycima kukuruza Jnflciranim virusom mozaika IV SimooziJum saveza mikroshybiolookrimiddoth drutava Jugoslavdje - Savremeni problemi virusnill infekcija VlmiddotshynJa~ka Banla 7-9 decembar
S u td c D (1982) Viroze bHJgtaka Nolit- Beograd S u t i c D (1987) Anastomija i fiziologlja bolesnlh biljaka Nolit Beocad S u middottic D M i 1ova nov i c M (1978) Pojava i znacaj kr1liavosti seceme repe
Agrohemi ja 9-10 369-376 S uti c D P e ~ 1 c Z v e z d a middotn a (1980) Patofiziologija - praktikum PoliOPlivredshy
ni fakulmiddottet - Zemun To~ d c M (197lmiddotb) Vin~s Diisease of Wheat in Serbia II Some changes in Wheat
Plants Infected With Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMVgt and Brome Moshysaic Virus (BMV) Phytopath Z 71 327-840
To~ c M S uti c D I van o v t c M (1978) Prouzrokovac SnfekUvne krzljashyvosti korena sectecerne repe Agrohemlja 9-10 369-376
(PrimHeno 04 08 1988)
ACTIVITY OF PEROXIDASE IN THE ROOT OF THE SUGAR BEET INFECTED WITH THE VIRUS OF NECROTIC
YELLOW OF SUGAR BEET NERVES
by
N Mntfevlc InsUtut tor Plant Protection Beograd
Summary
The activity of the peroxidase (Ap) was determined by the method cited by Gregory (1966) The plants used in this experiment were reared in the glasshouse and they developed in the substratum with diffeshyrent percentages of infected soil (10 and 50) The experiments were carried out on following sugar beet sorts Ritmo-2 Hillesog mono-8046 (tolerant) and Monopur (susceptible) The samples for the investigation of Ap were taken from three zones near the top in the middle and at the root head The infection with the virus of necrotic yellow of the sugar beet nerves caused the increase of the activity of peroxidase The greatest Ap was 111 times greater than the Ap of the corresponding check sample The activity of this ferment is the greatest in the zone with clear symptoms of the necrosis of conveying vessels Ap was greater with the plants of the sort Monopur than with the tolerant sorts Th~ plants having grown in the substratum with a higher degree of infectedshyness had the greater Ap The activity of the peroxidase shows a determishyned dynamics it increased from the beginning of the pathogenesis and having reached the maximum it fell rapidly The changes in the activity of this ferment are one of the indicators of the disturbances in physioloshygical and bio-chemical activities of infected cells which gives rise to important disturbances in the growth of the sugar beet root to the decrease of yields and of the digestion
424 ZaStita bimiddotlja Vol 39 (4) br 186 407-424 (1988) Beograd
jiYCOFLORA OF THE BARK OF DEAD GROPE SHOOTS II
by s Stojanovic
Institute for Plant ProtecUon Beograd
Summary
On dry Young vine leaves originating from 8 localities on the terri shytory of YugoiSlavia we observed several species of fungi only 6 of which were represelllted in a greater inrensdty (S to j an o vic 1986) Other species occurred sporadioally cliefly iln mixed infe~ons with Phomopshysis viticola Botryosphaeria obtusa Phoma vitis and Guignardia baccae
On dry young vine leaves in YugoslaVLiJa have not been noticed Cytospora leucoSperma Monochatia viticola Hendersonia vitis Microshydipiodia uvicola Diplodia viticola Diplodina ampelina Pleospora vitis Leptosphaeria viticola Didymosphaeria vitis Ophiobolus sarmenti and Sordaria uvicola
433 ZaSJita bilja Vol 31 (4) tbr 186 425-433 (middotl9a8) Beograid
SELECTION OF WHEAT CONCERNING THE RESISTANCE TO THE CAUSER OF POWDERY MrLDEW
by
S StoJanovic and Branka Ponoi lnamptitute for Cereals KrMujevac
Summary
Powdery mildew is a frequently occuring and economically imporshytant disease of wheat in our country On account of this its control is of an absolute necessity Within the complex of integral measures of proshytection the creation and growing of resistant sorts are being paid an increasing importance In this respect have been achieved noticeable results
In the period from 1977 to 1986 there were present 53 genotypes of the parasite in the south-eastern part of Yugoslavia which was an aggravating factor in the selection poundor the resistance Prevailing races were 4 (1482) 27 (2878) 46 (574olfo) and 59 (745)
The investigation of the resistance of seedlings and grown-up plants under the conditions of artificial inoculations have shown that the sorts Halle Stamm 13471 Weihenstephan M1 PI 170911 McNair 1789 CI 12633 ZG 244472 Idaed ti9b and Arthur 71 possess a zatisfactory degree of resistance and that thev can be used in the selection as donors of the resistance genes The investigated commercial sorts Partizanka Rana 2 Kosmajka Bezostaja 1 Krajinka Kavkaz Kragujevcanka 56 and Zlatna dolina were susceptible
By the crossbreeding of resistant and susceptible commercial sorts were created several lines of the F1 Fa F9 and BCa generations which are characterized in addition to the great resistance to the causer of powdery mildew also by a good fertility and other productive-technoloshygical properties The most important are the lines under the numbers 5 13 14 19 21 24 26 and 27
442 Zdtita 1bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 445-442 (1986) Beograd
Peterson B (lm) Wheat rust epidemics in Western Canada in 1953 1954 and 1955 Canadian Journal oC Plant Science 38
Pot o ~a n a e J Spehar V (1966) Inheritance of Resistance to Races 17 and 21 of Stem Rust in Wheat Savremena poljoprlvreda br 11-12 Novi Sad
S k om a n d B WI 1cox son R D~ He in e r R E (1977) Genetic and envishyroumental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be inmiddotfolved in morshyphological resistance to wheat stem rust Euphytica 26 123
S t middota k m a n E C C h r is t e n s e n J J (1960) The problem of breeding resistant varieties In Plant Pathology 3 p 567 Ed by J G ftorsfall and A E Dimond AcHdemic Press New York middot
W n t s k on I A Lui n g N H (1963) The cllassification of Puccinia graminis trttict in middot Jmiddotelation to breeding resistant varieties Pruceedlngs ot the middotLnnaeaa Society of New South Wales 88 235
W 1 1co x o 11 R D (1976) Studies on generalized resistance to sterm rust Qlf wheat In Proceedings of Fourth DIJropean and Mediterranean Cereal Rust Conshyference Interlaken Switerlaoo 1976 p 162 Ed by A B roonniman Europ~n and Mediterranen Cereal Rust Foundat ion Interlaken
(Prtmleno 10 06 1988)
THE REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES TO PUCCINIA GRAMINS TRITICI IN HILLY-MOUNTAIN
REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
by
Jelena Boikovlc Institute for P lant Protection NoVi Sad
Summa4Iy
ln the 1Irials of Nevesinje Gacko Duvno and KuPlaquoeS 1979 1980 and 1981 it was examined the reaction of 35 spring wheat genotypes and 18 Sr iso~nic lines tu Puccinia graminis tritici Only the line ZA-85 was resistante Less susceptible were warieties RadiUsecta Livanjka Tobari 66 and ZG-6168 Three years resistante were the lines Sr 11 Ttt and Sr 9e Some of these genes may be present in our line ZA-85
449 ZaAtita bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 443-449 (1988) Beograd
M or ct u e J E M (1976a) Pestalotiopampis funerea CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi an Baoterla Nt 514 Kew England
M or d u e J E M (1976b) Pesta1otl01l$i8 psidii CMI Descriptions of Pathogenfc Fungi and Bacteria No 515 Kew England
M or due J E M (19808) P~talotiopampis diohaeta CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacterltla M 675 Kew England
M or due J E M (1980b) Pestalo1dopBis manglferae CMI Descriptions of Pathoshyampenic Fungi and Baoteria No 676 Kew England
Mat h u 1middot S B Ram Nat h (1970) PestaiOtia guepini Desm In seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers Proc Int Seed Test AEs 35 165-168 Copenhagen
Pot l a j ~ u k V I (1976) Mikoz-noe -usihanie plodovih kuljtur Moskva Koloslaquo Radman L j (1977) Prilog prou~avanju gljivMnih vrsta obolele kore vinove loze
sa enacima ekskorfoze Savetovanje o ekskoriozi i virwmim bolestfma vinove loze Mostar
S t o j a n o v i c S (1982) Parazimiddottne wste gljlva prouzroko118~ suienja lastara vinove laze (Maglslarskl rad) Poljoprivredni fakultet Zemun
V a j n a L (1983) G gyiimiil-csfak korai elhahsat okazo gombas betegs~gek Mezogazdasagd Kiado Budapest
(Primljeno 1 07 1988)
ON THE FINDINGS OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP (SYN PESTALOTIA SP) ON APPLE FRUITS PUT INTO STORAGE
by
M Ars-enlJevlc and J Janfuric Fnculty Qf Agriculture Novi Sad
Summary
Froon apple fru~ts put into storage which slrowed the symptoms of brown rot of the diseased tissue were obtained several isolates of the fungus ltin snow-white colonies (Fig 1) On the potato medium the subshystratum part of colondes 1beoomes Hght brown after a few days of deV~elshyopment already Md the aerial one keeps the whitish aspect for a longer time It is only after 10 to 15 days that the aerial part of the coLonies changes too owing to the forming of fruotilberous corpuscles and beshycolmiddotnes whitish-grey
The- fructaierous corpuscles of the acervuli type are formed individually or in fonn of gtreater granula-r layers with yellowisl) exushydate composed of clYclracteristic conidia Conidia are brown and multi shycellular most frequent1y with tocee septa amiddotnd for the most part wdth two cilia always on one pole (Fig 4) The size of conidia is 162-250 X 50-75 [Jm
After the arlificial inoculation of the apple fruits there appear brown spots which gradOOJnly spread causing the changes similar to those which were observed when the fungus was being isolated (Fig 2) The obtajned rewisolates too manifest the same characteristics as the isolates with conidia atnd other propertnes characteristic for all the speshycies Qf the genus Pestalotiopsis to which they belong
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
Vol 39 (4) Br 186 (str 389-484) Beograd 1988
CONTENTS
Original scientific papers
R Noor Hassan B Kratic and M ToSic lomato seed infection with mosaic viimiddotus and possibility ol dishysinfection 399
N MiUCevic
Activity of peroxidase in the root of the sugar beet infected with the virus of necrotic yellow of sugar beet nerves bull bull 406
s s~ojanovic Mycoflora of the bark of dead grope shoots - II 424
s Stojanovtc and B Pono Selection of wheat concerning the resistance to the causer of powdery mildew bull bull 433
J Bokovic The reaction of spring wheat genotypes to Puccinia graminfa tfftici in hilly-mountain regions of Boonia and Hercegovina 442
M ArsenlaquoJevic and J Jan~utic On the findings of Pestaloiopsb sp (syn Pestalotia sp) on aople fruits put middotinto storoage H9
R SpasiC 0 Petrovic and Lj Mihajlovic Collitribution to the knowledge of Bruchophagus roddi Guss Chalshyctdoidea Eu711tomidae) middot bull bull bull bull bull bull 454
M Bakovic N Miloevskt I Peric M Sestovic and R Mifkovic The fate of phocate in soil and potatoes 466-middot167
Profesional papers M Muntaiiola-cvetkovic M Mihclamptgtie and J Vukoetne
The resuLt$ obtained until now ln the investi~tions of Phomopsis Diaporthe helianthi on sunflower I Mycolo~cal aspects 477-47
399 ZaAtiltagt biijoa Vol 39 (4) br 186 393-39D (1988) Beograd
N i k i tj n a M A (1966) Rasproamptranenie virusa Tabaka pri rassadnom i bezrassashydnom sposobakh vyrashchivaniya Tomatov - Izv Akad Nauk kazakh SSR Ser Biol 1966(3) 26-35 (Abstr RAM 451966 3412)
N i kit in a M A (1969) Virusnye belmeni Tomatov zakrytogo ~runta v Almamiddot -Atinskoi oblasti - Trudy kazakh nauchno-issled Inst Zashch 10 260-263 (Abstr RPP 491970 562)
0 g n y an ova A et Shu k a r o v L (1968) Unishtozhavane na Tvutyuneviya virus v semenata na DomaNte chrez visoka tempetmiddotatula - Gradinarstvo 10 28-31 (Abstr RAM 481969 926)
Proctor C H and Fry P R (1965) Seed transmission of Tobacco mosak virus in Tomato - N Z J~ agric Res 8 367-369 (Abstr RAM 441965 2611)
s h my g 1y a V A (1963) 0 komevoi vlrusnoi infektsii Tornatov i Kartofelya -Dokl mosk sel-khoz Akad K A Timiryazeva 89 393-399 (Abstr RAM 431964 2560)
Taylor R H G rogan R G and Kimble K A (1961) Transmission of wbacoo mosaic virus in romato seed - PhytQpathololtY 51 837-842
Twa r dow i c z - J a k us z Ann a (1961) Zwalczanie chorob Wlirusowych Poshymidorow szklarniowych - Biul Inst Ochr Rosl Poznan 1961 12 109-128 Abslttr RAM 411962 254)
Van W i n c k e 1 A (1965 Epidemiologie vmiddotan romatenmozaiek - A2ricuLtura Louvain 13 711-719 (Abstr RAM 45 1966 1514)
Wei 1 B (1967) Ertragsverluste durch Virusbefall bei Tomampten - Z PflKrankh PflSchutz 74 593-602 (Abstr RAM 47 1968 1290)
(lrimHeno 1 09 1988)
TOMATO SEED INFECTION WITH MOSAIC VIRUS AND POSSIBILITY OF DISINFECTION
by
Bana Noor Hassan Sind Agrdcultural Universtty
Tandoiam Pakistan
B Krstic anlti M Toile Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade
B-eograd middot- Zemun
Summary
Tested tomato fruits collected in August 1986 et the fresh market in Zemun were infected with tobacco mosaic virus from 61-90oo All seeds from infected tomato fruits were also infected with the virus
Tomato seed lots from the shops collected in January 1986 were infected by tobacco mosaic virus in a very low percentage (0-1 ) Seed lot of tomato cv San Pierre was infected 066(1o seed lot of cv Marglobo was infected with the virus at the ratio of 1 oo but seed lot of tomato cv Heinz tested at the same time was free of tobacco mosaic virus
Thermotherapy of tomato seed for 24 hrs at 85oC showed to be effective against tobacco mosaic virus while treatments for the same period at 82C or 80C were less effective and tobacco mosaic virus was not completely inactivated Seed germination after thermotherapy was not considerably decreased
406 Za~Wa bimiddotlja Vol 3e 4) 1br 186 401-400 (1988) Beograd
M ll ova nov i ~ M S-uti c D C ve-t k o v l c R (1986) Rasprostranjenost ri shyzomaniie i lntenzitet zaraze na zemliittima drustvenog sektora u Sremu Agronomski ~nik br 4 43-50
P e ~i c Z D uri l 1c V (1977) Aktivnost nekih oksidativnih fermenata u seianshycima kukuruza Jnflciranim virusom mozaika IV SimooziJum saveza mikroshybiolookrimiddoth drutava Jugoslavdje - Savremeni problemi virusnill infekcija VlmiddotshynJa~ka Banla 7-9 decembar
S u td c D (1982) Viroze bHJgtaka Nolit- Beograd S u t i c D (1987) Anastomija i fiziologlja bolesnlh biljaka Nolit Beocad S u middottic D M i 1ova nov i c M (1978) Pojava i znacaj kr1liavosti seceme repe
Agrohemi ja 9-10 369-376 S uti c D P e ~ 1 c Z v e z d a middotn a (1980) Patofiziologija - praktikum PoliOPlivredshy
ni fakulmiddottet - Zemun To~ d c M (197lmiddotb) Vin~s Diisease of Wheat in Serbia II Some changes in Wheat
Plants Infected With Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMVgt and Brome Moshysaic Virus (BMV) Phytopath Z 71 327-840
To~ c M S uti c D I van o v t c M (1978) Prouzrokovac SnfekUvne krzljashyvosti korena sectecerne repe Agrohemlja 9-10 369-376
(PrimHeno 04 08 1988)
ACTIVITY OF PEROXIDASE IN THE ROOT OF THE SUGAR BEET INFECTED WITH THE VIRUS OF NECROTIC
YELLOW OF SUGAR BEET NERVES
by
N Mntfevlc InsUtut tor Plant Protection Beograd
Summary
The activity of the peroxidase (Ap) was determined by the method cited by Gregory (1966) The plants used in this experiment were reared in the glasshouse and they developed in the substratum with diffeshyrent percentages of infected soil (10 and 50) The experiments were carried out on following sugar beet sorts Ritmo-2 Hillesog mono-8046 (tolerant) and Monopur (susceptible) The samples for the investigation of Ap were taken from three zones near the top in the middle and at the root head The infection with the virus of necrotic yellow of the sugar beet nerves caused the increase of the activity of peroxidase The greatest Ap was 111 times greater than the Ap of the corresponding check sample The activity of this ferment is the greatest in the zone with clear symptoms of the necrosis of conveying vessels Ap was greater with the plants of the sort Monopur than with the tolerant sorts Th~ plants having grown in the substratum with a higher degree of infectedshyness had the greater Ap The activity of the peroxidase shows a determishyned dynamics it increased from the beginning of the pathogenesis and having reached the maximum it fell rapidly The changes in the activity of this ferment are one of the indicators of the disturbances in physioloshygical and bio-chemical activities of infected cells which gives rise to important disturbances in the growth of the sugar beet root to the decrease of yields and of the digestion
424 ZaStita bimiddotlja Vol 39 (4) br 186 407-424 (1988) Beograd
jiYCOFLORA OF THE BARK OF DEAD GROPE SHOOTS II
by s Stojanovic
Institute for Plant ProtecUon Beograd
Summary
On dry Young vine leaves originating from 8 localities on the terri shytory of YugoiSlavia we observed several species of fungi only 6 of which were represelllted in a greater inrensdty (S to j an o vic 1986) Other species occurred sporadioally cliefly iln mixed infe~ons with Phomopshysis viticola Botryosphaeria obtusa Phoma vitis and Guignardia baccae
On dry young vine leaves in YugoslaVLiJa have not been noticed Cytospora leucoSperma Monochatia viticola Hendersonia vitis Microshydipiodia uvicola Diplodia viticola Diplodina ampelina Pleospora vitis Leptosphaeria viticola Didymosphaeria vitis Ophiobolus sarmenti and Sordaria uvicola
433 ZaSJita bilja Vol 31 (4) tbr 186 425-433 (middotl9a8) Beograid
SELECTION OF WHEAT CONCERNING THE RESISTANCE TO THE CAUSER OF POWDERY MrLDEW
by
S StoJanovic and Branka Ponoi lnamptitute for Cereals KrMujevac
Summary
Powdery mildew is a frequently occuring and economically imporshytant disease of wheat in our country On account of this its control is of an absolute necessity Within the complex of integral measures of proshytection the creation and growing of resistant sorts are being paid an increasing importance In this respect have been achieved noticeable results
In the period from 1977 to 1986 there were present 53 genotypes of the parasite in the south-eastern part of Yugoslavia which was an aggravating factor in the selection poundor the resistance Prevailing races were 4 (1482) 27 (2878) 46 (574olfo) and 59 (745)
The investigation of the resistance of seedlings and grown-up plants under the conditions of artificial inoculations have shown that the sorts Halle Stamm 13471 Weihenstephan M1 PI 170911 McNair 1789 CI 12633 ZG 244472 Idaed ti9b and Arthur 71 possess a zatisfactory degree of resistance and that thev can be used in the selection as donors of the resistance genes The investigated commercial sorts Partizanka Rana 2 Kosmajka Bezostaja 1 Krajinka Kavkaz Kragujevcanka 56 and Zlatna dolina were susceptible
By the crossbreeding of resistant and susceptible commercial sorts were created several lines of the F1 Fa F9 and BCa generations which are characterized in addition to the great resistance to the causer of powdery mildew also by a good fertility and other productive-technoloshygical properties The most important are the lines under the numbers 5 13 14 19 21 24 26 and 27
442 Zdtita 1bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 445-442 (1986) Beograd
Peterson B (lm) Wheat rust epidemics in Western Canada in 1953 1954 and 1955 Canadian Journal oC Plant Science 38
Pot o ~a n a e J Spehar V (1966) Inheritance of Resistance to Races 17 and 21 of Stem Rust in Wheat Savremena poljoprlvreda br 11-12 Novi Sad
S k om a n d B WI 1cox son R D~ He in e r R E (1977) Genetic and envishyroumental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be inmiddotfolved in morshyphological resistance to wheat stem rust Euphytica 26 123
S t middota k m a n E C C h r is t e n s e n J J (1960) The problem of breeding resistant varieties In Plant Pathology 3 p 567 Ed by J G ftorsfall and A E Dimond AcHdemic Press New York middot
W n t s k on I A Lui n g N H (1963) The cllassification of Puccinia graminis trttict in middot Jmiddotelation to breeding resistant varieties Pruceedlngs ot the middotLnnaeaa Society of New South Wales 88 235
W 1 1co x o 11 R D (1976) Studies on generalized resistance to sterm rust Qlf wheat In Proceedings of Fourth DIJropean and Mediterranean Cereal Rust Conshyference Interlaken Switerlaoo 1976 p 162 Ed by A B roonniman Europ~n and Mediterranen Cereal Rust Foundat ion Interlaken
(Prtmleno 10 06 1988)
THE REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES TO PUCCINIA GRAMINS TRITICI IN HILLY-MOUNTAIN
REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
by
Jelena Boikovlc Institute for P lant Protection NoVi Sad
Summa4Iy
ln the 1Irials of Nevesinje Gacko Duvno and KuPlaquoeS 1979 1980 and 1981 it was examined the reaction of 35 spring wheat genotypes and 18 Sr iso~nic lines tu Puccinia graminis tritici Only the line ZA-85 was resistante Less susceptible were warieties RadiUsecta Livanjka Tobari 66 and ZG-6168 Three years resistante were the lines Sr 11 Ttt and Sr 9e Some of these genes may be present in our line ZA-85
449 ZaAtita bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 443-449 (1988) Beograd
M or ct u e J E M (1976a) Pestalotiopampis funerea CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi an Baoterla Nt 514 Kew England
M or d u e J E M (1976b) Pesta1otl01l$i8 psidii CMI Descriptions of Pathogenfc Fungi and Bacteria No 515 Kew England
M or due J E M (19808) P~talotiopampis diohaeta CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacterltla M 675 Kew England
M or due J E M (1980b) Pestalo1dopBis manglferae CMI Descriptions of Pathoshyampenic Fungi and Baoteria No 676 Kew England
Mat h u 1middot S B Ram Nat h (1970) PestaiOtia guepini Desm In seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers Proc Int Seed Test AEs 35 165-168 Copenhagen
Pot l a j ~ u k V I (1976) Mikoz-noe -usihanie plodovih kuljtur Moskva Koloslaquo Radman L j (1977) Prilog prou~avanju gljivMnih vrsta obolele kore vinove loze
sa enacima ekskorfoze Savetovanje o ekskoriozi i virwmim bolestfma vinove loze Mostar
S t o j a n o v i c S (1982) Parazimiddottne wste gljlva prouzroko118~ suienja lastara vinove laze (Maglslarskl rad) Poljoprivredni fakultet Zemun
V a j n a L (1983) G gyiimiil-csfak korai elhahsat okazo gombas betegs~gek Mezogazdasagd Kiado Budapest
(Primljeno 1 07 1988)
ON THE FINDINGS OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP (SYN PESTALOTIA SP) ON APPLE FRUITS PUT INTO STORAGE
by
M Ars-enlJevlc and J Janfuric Fnculty Qf Agriculture Novi Sad
Summary
Froon apple fru~ts put into storage which slrowed the symptoms of brown rot of the diseased tissue were obtained several isolates of the fungus ltin snow-white colonies (Fig 1) On the potato medium the subshystratum part of colondes 1beoomes Hght brown after a few days of deV~elshyopment already Md the aerial one keeps the whitish aspect for a longer time It is only after 10 to 15 days that the aerial part of the coLonies changes too owing to the forming of fruotilberous corpuscles and beshycolmiddotnes whitish-grey
The- fructaierous corpuscles of the acervuli type are formed individually or in fonn of gtreater granula-r layers with yellowisl) exushydate composed of clYclracteristic conidia Conidia are brown and multi shycellular most frequent1y with tocee septa amiddotnd for the most part wdth two cilia always on one pole (Fig 4) The size of conidia is 162-250 X 50-75 [Jm
After the arlificial inoculation of the apple fruits there appear brown spots which gradOOJnly spread causing the changes similar to those which were observed when the fungus was being isolated (Fig 2) The obtajned rewisolates too manifest the same characteristics as the isolates with conidia atnd other propertnes characteristic for all the speshycies Qf the genus Pestalotiopsis to which they belong
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
399 ZaAtiltagt biijoa Vol 39 (4) br 186 393-39D (1988) Beograd
N i k i tj n a M A (1966) Rasproamptranenie virusa Tabaka pri rassadnom i bezrassashydnom sposobakh vyrashchivaniya Tomatov - Izv Akad Nauk kazakh SSR Ser Biol 1966(3) 26-35 (Abstr RAM 451966 3412)
N i kit in a M A (1969) Virusnye belmeni Tomatov zakrytogo ~runta v Almamiddot -Atinskoi oblasti - Trudy kazakh nauchno-issled Inst Zashch 10 260-263 (Abstr RPP 491970 562)
0 g n y an ova A et Shu k a r o v L (1968) Unishtozhavane na Tvutyuneviya virus v semenata na DomaNte chrez visoka tempetmiddotatula - Gradinarstvo 10 28-31 (Abstr RAM 481969 926)
Proctor C H and Fry P R (1965) Seed transmission of Tobacco mosak virus in Tomato - N Z J~ agric Res 8 367-369 (Abstr RAM 441965 2611)
s h my g 1y a V A (1963) 0 komevoi vlrusnoi infektsii Tornatov i Kartofelya -Dokl mosk sel-khoz Akad K A Timiryazeva 89 393-399 (Abstr RAM 431964 2560)
Taylor R H G rogan R G and Kimble K A (1961) Transmission of wbacoo mosaic virus in romato seed - PhytQpathololtY 51 837-842
Twa r dow i c z - J a k us z Ann a (1961) Zwalczanie chorob Wlirusowych Poshymidorow szklarniowych - Biul Inst Ochr Rosl Poznan 1961 12 109-128 Abslttr RAM 411962 254)
Van W i n c k e 1 A (1965 Epidemiologie vmiddotan romatenmozaiek - A2ricuLtura Louvain 13 711-719 (Abstr RAM 45 1966 1514)
Wei 1 B (1967) Ertragsverluste durch Virusbefall bei Tomampten - Z PflKrankh PflSchutz 74 593-602 (Abstr RAM 47 1968 1290)
(lrimHeno 1 09 1988)
TOMATO SEED INFECTION WITH MOSAIC VIRUS AND POSSIBILITY OF DISINFECTION
by
Bana Noor Hassan Sind Agrdcultural Universtty
Tandoiam Pakistan
B Krstic anlti M Toile Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade
B-eograd middot- Zemun
Summary
Tested tomato fruits collected in August 1986 et the fresh market in Zemun were infected with tobacco mosaic virus from 61-90oo All seeds from infected tomato fruits were also infected with the virus
Tomato seed lots from the shops collected in January 1986 were infected by tobacco mosaic virus in a very low percentage (0-1 ) Seed lot of tomato cv San Pierre was infected 066(1o seed lot of cv Marglobo was infected with the virus at the ratio of 1 oo but seed lot of tomato cv Heinz tested at the same time was free of tobacco mosaic virus
Thermotherapy of tomato seed for 24 hrs at 85oC showed to be effective against tobacco mosaic virus while treatments for the same period at 82C or 80C were less effective and tobacco mosaic virus was not completely inactivated Seed germination after thermotherapy was not considerably decreased
406 Za~Wa bimiddotlja Vol 3e 4) 1br 186 401-400 (1988) Beograd
M ll ova nov i ~ M S-uti c D C ve-t k o v l c R (1986) Rasprostranjenost ri shyzomaniie i lntenzitet zaraze na zemliittima drustvenog sektora u Sremu Agronomski ~nik br 4 43-50
P e ~i c Z D uri l 1c V (1977) Aktivnost nekih oksidativnih fermenata u seianshycima kukuruza Jnflciranim virusom mozaika IV SimooziJum saveza mikroshybiolookrimiddoth drutava Jugoslavdje - Savremeni problemi virusnill infekcija VlmiddotshynJa~ka Banla 7-9 decembar
S u td c D (1982) Viroze bHJgtaka Nolit- Beograd S u t i c D (1987) Anastomija i fiziologlja bolesnlh biljaka Nolit Beocad S u middottic D M i 1ova nov i c M (1978) Pojava i znacaj kr1liavosti seceme repe
Agrohemi ja 9-10 369-376 S uti c D P e ~ 1 c Z v e z d a middotn a (1980) Patofiziologija - praktikum PoliOPlivredshy
ni fakulmiddottet - Zemun To~ d c M (197lmiddotb) Vin~s Diisease of Wheat in Serbia II Some changes in Wheat
Plants Infected With Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMVgt and Brome Moshysaic Virus (BMV) Phytopath Z 71 327-840
To~ c M S uti c D I van o v t c M (1978) Prouzrokovac SnfekUvne krzljashyvosti korena sectecerne repe Agrohemlja 9-10 369-376
(PrimHeno 04 08 1988)
ACTIVITY OF PEROXIDASE IN THE ROOT OF THE SUGAR BEET INFECTED WITH THE VIRUS OF NECROTIC
YELLOW OF SUGAR BEET NERVES
by
N Mntfevlc InsUtut tor Plant Protection Beograd
Summary
The activity of the peroxidase (Ap) was determined by the method cited by Gregory (1966) The plants used in this experiment were reared in the glasshouse and they developed in the substratum with diffeshyrent percentages of infected soil (10 and 50) The experiments were carried out on following sugar beet sorts Ritmo-2 Hillesog mono-8046 (tolerant) and Monopur (susceptible) The samples for the investigation of Ap were taken from three zones near the top in the middle and at the root head The infection with the virus of necrotic yellow of the sugar beet nerves caused the increase of the activity of peroxidase The greatest Ap was 111 times greater than the Ap of the corresponding check sample The activity of this ferment is the greatest in the zone with clear symptoms of the necrosis of conveying vessels Ap was greater with the plants of the sort Monopur than with the tolerant sorts Th~ plants having grown in the substratum with a higher degree of infectedshyness had the greater Ap The activity of the peroxidase shows a determishyned dynamics it increased from the beginning of the pathogenesis and having reached the maximum it fell rapidly The changes in the activity of this ferment are one of the indicators of the disturbances in physioloshygical and bio-chemical activities of infected cells which gives rise to important disturbances in the growth of the sugar beet root to the decrease of yields and of the digestion
424 ZaStita bimiddotlja Vol 39 (4) br 186 407-424 (1988) Beograd
jiYCOFLORA OF THE BARK OF DEAD GROPE SHOOTS II
by s Stojanovic
Institute for Plant ProtecUon Beograd
Summary
On dry Young vine leaves originating from 8 localities on the terri shytory of YugoiSlavia we observed several species of fungi only 6 of which were represelllted in a greater inrensdty (S to j an o vic 1986) Other species occurred sporadioally cliefly iln mixed infe~ons with Phomopshysis viticola Botryosphaeria obtusa Phoma vitis and Guignardia baccae
On dry young vine leaves in YugoslaVLiJa have not been noticed Cytospora leucoSperma Monochatia viticola Hendersonia vitis Microshydipiodia uvicola Diplodia viticola Diplodina ampelina Pleospora vitis Leptosphaeria viticola Didymosphaeria vitis Ophiobolus sarmenti and Sordaria uvicola
433 ZaSJita bilja Vol 31 (4) tbr 186 425-433 (middotl9a8) Beograid
SELECTION OF WHEAT CONCERNING THE RESISTANCE TO THE CAUSER OF POWDERY MrLDEW
by
S StoJanovic and Branka Ponoi lnamptitute for Cereals KrMujevac
Summary
Powdery mildew is a frequently occuring and economically imporshytant disease of wheat in our country On account of this its control is of an absolute necessity Within the complex of integral measures of proshytection the creation and growing of resistant sorts are being paid an increasing importance In this respect have been achieved noticeable results
In the period from 1977 to 1986 there were present 53 genotypes of the parasite in the south-eastern part of Yugoslavia which was an aggravating factor in the selection poundor the resistance Prevailing races were 4 (1482) 27 (2878) 46 (574olfo) and 59 (745)
The investigation of the resistance of seedlings and grown-up plants under the conditions of artificial inoculations have shown that the sorts Halle Stamm 13471 Weihenstephan M1 PI 170911 McNair 1789 CI 12633 ZG 244472 Idaed ti9b and Arthur 71 possess a zatisfactory degree of resistance and that thev can be used in the selection as donors of the resistance genes The investigated commercial sorts Partizanka Rana 2 Kosmajka Bezostaja 1 Krajinka Kavkaz Kragujevcanka 56 and Zlatna dolina were susceptible
By the crossbreeding of resistant and susceptible commercial sorts were created several lines of the F1 Fa F9 and BCa generations which are characterized in addition to the great resistance to the causer of powdery mildew also by a good fertility and other productive-technoloshygical properties The most important are the lines under the numbers 5 13 14 19 21 24 26 and 27
442 Zdtita 1bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 445-442 (1986) Beograd
Peterson B (lm) Wheat rust epidemics in Western Canada in 1953 1954 and 1955 Canadian Journal oC Plant Science 38
Pot o ~a n a e J Spehar V (1966) Inheritance of Resistance to Races 17 and 21 of Stem Rust in Wheat Savremena poljoprlvreda br 11-12 Novi Sad
S k om a n d B WI 1cox son R D~ He in e r R E (1977) Genetic and envishyroumental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be inmiddotfolved in morshyphological resistance to wheat stem rust Euphytica 26 123
S t middota k m a n E C C h r is t e n s e n J J (1960) The problem of breeding resistant varieties In Plant Pathology 3 p 567 Ed by J G ftorsfall and A E Dimond AcHdemic Press New York middot
W n t s k on I A Lui n g N H (1963) The cllassification of Puccinia graminis trttict in middot Jmiddotelation to breeding resistant varieties Pruceedlngs ot the middotLnnaeaa Society of New South Wales 88 235
W 1 1co x o 11 R D (1976) Studies on generalized resistance to sterm rust Qlf wheat In Proceedings of Fourth DIJropean and Mediterranean Cereal Rust Conshyference Interlaken Switerlaoo 1976 p 162 Ed by A B roonniman Europ~n and Mediterranen Cereal Rust Foundat ion Interlaken
(Prtmleno 10 06 1988)
THE REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES TO PUCCINIA GRAMINS TRITICI IN HILLY-MOUNTAIN
REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
by
Jelena Boikovlc Institute for P lant Protection NoVi Sad
Summa4Iy
ln the 1Irials of Nevesinje Gacko Duvno and KuPlaquoeS 1979 1980 and 1981 it was examined the reaction of 35 spring wheat genotypes and 18 Sr iso~nic lines tu Puccinia graminis tritici Only the line ZA-85 was resistante Less susceptible were warieties RadiUsecta Livanjka Tobari 66 and ZG-6168 Three years resistante were the lines Sr 11 Ttt and Sr 9e Some of these genes may be present in our line ZA-85
449 ZaAtita bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 443-449 (1988) Beograd
M or ct u e J E M (1976a) Pestalotiopampis funerea CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi an Baoterla Nt 514 Kew England
M or d u e J E M (1976b) Pesta1otl01l$i8 psidii CMI Descriptions of Pathogenfc Fungi and Bacteria No 515 Kew England
M or due J E M (19808) P~talotiopampis diohaeta CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacterltla M 675 Kew England
M or due J E M (1980b) Pestalo1dopBis manglferae CMI Descriptions of Pathoshyampenic Fungi and Baoteria No 676 Kew England
Mat h u 1middot S B Ram Nat h (1970) PestaiOtia guepini Desm In seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers Proc Int Seed Test AEs 35 165-168 Copenhagen
Pot l a j ~ u k V I (1976) Mikoz-noe -usihanie plodovih kuljtur Moskva Koloslaquo Radman L j (1977) Prilog prou~avanju gljivMnih vrsta obolele kore vinove loze
sa enacima ekskorfoze Savetovanje o ekskoriozi i virwmim bolestfma vinove loze Mostar
S t o j a n o v i c S (1982) Parazimiddottne wste gljlva prouzroko118~ suienja lastara vinove laze (Maglslarskl rad) Poljoprivredni fakultet Zemun
V a j n a L (1983) G gyiimiil-csfak korai elhahsat okazo gombas betegs~gek Mezogazdasagd Kiado Budapest
(Primljeno 1 07 1988)
ON THE FINDINGS OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP (SYN PESTALOTIA SP) ON APPLE FRUITS PUT INTO STORAGE
by
M Ars-enlJevlc and J Janfuric Fnculty Qf Agriculture Novi Sad
Summary
Froon apple fru~ts put into storage which slrowed the symptoms of brown rot of the diseased tissue were obtained several isolates of the fungus ltin snow-white colonies (Fig 1) On the potato medium the subshystratum part of colondes 1beoomes Hght brown after a few days of deV~elshyopment already Md the aerial one keeps the whitish aspect for a longer time It is only after 10 to 15 days that the aerial part of the coLonies changes too owing to the forming of fruotilberous corpuscles and beshycolmiddotnes whitish-grey
The- fructaierous corpuscles of the acervuli type are formed individually or in fonn of gtreater granula-r layers with yellowisl) exushydate composed of clYclracteristic conidia Conidia are brown and multi shycellular most frequent1y with tocee septa amiddotnd for the most part wdth two cilia always on one pole (Fig 4) The size of conidia is 162-250 X 50-75 [Jm
After the arlificial inoculation of the apple fruits there appear brown spots which gradOOJnly spread causing the changes similar to those which were observed when the fungus was being isolated (Fig 2) The obtajned rewisolates too manifest the same characteristics as the isolates with conidia atnd other propertnes characteristic for all the speshycies Qf the genus Pestalotiopsis to which they belong
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
406 Za~Wa bimiddotlja Vol 3e 4) 1br 186 401-400 (1988) Beograd
M ll ova nov i ~ M S-uti c D C ve-t k o v l c R (1986) Rasprostranjenost ri shyzomaniie i lntenzitet zaraze na zemliittima drustvenog sektora u Sremu Agronomski ~nik br 4 43-50
P e ~i c Z D uri l 1c V (1977) Aktivnost nekih oksidativnih fermenata u seianshycima kukuruza Jnflciranim virusom mozaika IV SimooziJum saveza mikroshybiolookrimiddoth drutava Jugoslavdje - Savremeni problemi virusnill infekcija VlmiddotshynJa~ka Banla 7-9 decembar
S u td c D (1982) Viroze bHJgtaka Nolit- Beograd S u t i c D (1987) Anastomija i fiziologlja bolesnlh biljaka Nolit Beocad S u middottic D M i 1ova nov i c M (1978) Pojava i znacaj kr1liavosti seceme repe
Agrohemi ja 9-10 369-376 S uti c D P e ~ 1 c Z v e z d a middotn a (1980) Patofiziologija - praktikum PoliOPlivredshy
ni fakulmiddottet - Zemun To~ d c M (197lmiddotb) Vin~s Diisease of Wheat in Serbia II Some changes in Wheat
Plants Infected With Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMVgt and Brome Moshysaic Virus (BMV) Phytopath Z 71 327-840
To~ c M S uti c D I van o v t c M (1978) Prouzrokovac SnfekUvne krzljashyvosti korena sectecerne repe Agrohemlja 9-10 369-376
(PrimHeno 04 08 1988)
ACTIVITY OF PEROXIDASE IN THE ROOT OF THE SUGAR BEET INFECTED WITH THE VIRUS OF NECROTIC
YELLOW OF SUGAR BEET NERVES
by
N Mntfevlc InsUtut tor Plant Protection Beograd
Summary
The activity of the peroxidase (Ap) was determined by the method cited by Gregory (1966) The plants used in this experiment were reared in the glasshouse and they developed in the substratum with diffeshyrent percentages of infected soil (10 and 50) The experiments were carried out on following sugar beet sorts Ritmo-2 Hillesog mono-8046 (tolerant) and Monopur (susceptible) The samples for the investigation of Ap were taken from three zones near the top in the middle and at the root head The infection with the virus of necrotic yellow of the sugar beet nerves caused the increase of the activity of peroxidase The greatest Ap was 111 times greater than the Ap of the corresponding check sample The activity of this ferment is the greatest in the zone with clear symptoms of the necrosis of conveying vessels Ap was greater with the plants of the sort Monopur than with the tolerant sorts Th~ plants having grown in the substratum with a higher degree of infectedshyness had the greater Ap The activity of the peroxidase shows a determishyned dynamics it increased from the beginning of the pathogenesis and having reached the maximum it fell rapidly The changes in the activity of this ferment are one of the indicators of the disturbances in physioloshygical and bio-chemical activities of infected cells which gives rise to important disturbances in the growth of the sugar beet root to the decrease of yields and of the digestion
424 ZaStita bimiddotlja Vol 39 (4) br 186 407-424 (1988) Beograd
jiYCOFLORA OF THE BARK OF DEAD GROPE SHOOTS II
by s Stojanovic
Institute for Plant ProtecUon Beograd
Summary
On dry Young vine leaves originating from 8 localities on the terri shytory of YugoiSlavia we observed several species of fungi only 6 of which were represelllted in a greater inrensdty (S to j an o vic 1986) Other species occurred sporadioally cliefly iln mixed infe~ons with Phomopshysis viticola Botryosphaeria obtusa Phoma vitis and Guignardia baccae
On dry young vine leaves in YugoslaVLiJa have not been noticed Cytospora leucoSperma Monochatia viticola Hendersonia vitis Microshydipiodia uvicola Diplodia viticola Diplodina ampelina Pleospora vitis Leptosphaeria viticola Didymosphaeria vitis Ophiobolus sarmenti and Sordaria uvicola
433 ZaSJita bilja Vol 31 (4) tbr 186 425-433 (middotl9a8) Beograid
SELECTION OF WHEAT CONCERNING THE RESISTANCE TO THE CAUSER OF POWDERY MrLDEW
by
S StoJanovic and Branka Ponoi lnamptitute for Cereals KrMujevac
Summary
Powdery mildew is a frequently occuring and economically imporshytant disease of wheat in our country On account of this its control is of an absolute necessity Within the complex of integral measures of proshytection the creation and growing of resistant sorts are being paid an increasing importance In this respect have been achieved noticeable results
In the period from 1977 to 1986 there were present 53 genotypes of the parasite in the south-eastern part of Yugoslavia which was an aggravating factor in the selection poundor the resistance Prevailing races were 4 (1482) 27 (2878) 46 (574olfo) and 59 (745)
The investigation of the resistance of seedlings and grown-up plants under the conditions of artificial inoculations have shown that the sorts Halle Stamm 13471 Weihenstephan M1 PI 170911 McNair 1789 CI 12633 ZG 244472 Idaed ti9b and Arthur 71 possess a zatisfactory degree of resistance and that thev can be used in the selection as donors of the resistance genes The investigated commercial sorts Partizanka Rana 2 Kosmajka Bezostaja 1 Krajinka Kavkaz Kragujevcanka 56 and Zlatna dolina were susceptible
By the crossbreeding of resistant and susceptible commercial sorts were created several lines of the F1 Fa F9 and BCa generations which are characterized in addition to the great resistance to the causer of powdery mildew also by a good fertility and other productive-technoloshygical properties The most important are the lines under the numbers 5 13 14 19 21 24 26 and 27
442 Zdtita 1bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 445-442 (1986) Beograd
Peterson B (lm) Wheat rust epidemics in Western Canada in 1953 1954 and 1955 Canadian Journal oC Plant Science 38
Pot o ~a n a e J Spehar V (1966) Inheritance of Resistance to Races 17 and 21 of Stem Rust in Wheat Savremena poljoprlvreda br 11-12 Novi Sad
S k om a n d B WI 1cox son R D~ He in e r R E (1977) Genetic and envishyroumental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be inmiddotfolved in morshyphological resistance to wheat stem rust Euphytica 26 123
S t middota k m a n E C C h r is t e n s e n J J (1960) The problem of breeding resistant varieties In Plant Pathology 3 p 567 Ed by J G ftorsfall and A E Dimond AcHdemic Press New York middot
W n t s k on I A Lui n g N H (1963) The cllassification of Puccinia graminis trttict in middot Jmiddotelation to breeding resistant varieties Pruceedlngs ot the middotLnnaeaa Society of New South Wales 88 235
W 1 1co x o 11 R D (1976) Studies on generalized resistance to sterm rust Qlf wheat In Proceedings of Fourth DIJropean and Mediterranean Cereal Rust Conshyference Interlaken Switerlaoo 1976 p 162 Ed by A B roonniman Europ~n and Mediterranen Cereal Rust Foundat ion Interlaken
(Prtmleno 10 06 1988)
THE REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES TO PUCCINIA GRAMINS TRITICI IN HILLY-MOUNTAIN
REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
by
Jelena Boikovlc Institute for P lant Protection NoVi Sad
Summa4Iy
ln the 1Irials of Nevesinje Gacko Duvno and KuPlaquoeS 1979 1980 and 1981 it was examined the reaction of 35 spring wheat genotypes and 18 Sr iso~nic lines tu Puccinia graminis tritici Only the line ZA-85 was resistante Less susceptible were warieties RadiUsecta Livanjka Tobari 66 and ZG-6168 Three years resistante were the lines Sr 11 Ttt and Sr 9e Some of these genes may be present in our line ZA-85
449 ZaAtita bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 443-449 (1988) Beograd
M or ct u e J E M (1976a) Pestalotiopampis funerea CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi an Baoterla Nt 514 Kew England
M or d u e J E M (1976b) Pesta1otl01l$i8 psidii CMI Descriptions of Pathogenfc Fungi and Bacteria No 515 Kew England
M or due J E M (19808) P~talotiopampis diohaeta CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacterltla M 675 Kew England
M or due J E M (1980b) Pestalo1dopBis manglferae CMI Descriptions of Pathoshyampenic Fungi and Baoteria No 676 Kew England
Mat h u 1middot S B Ram Nat h (1970) PestaiOtia guepini Desm In seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers Proc Int Seed Test AEs 35 165-168 Copenhagen
Pot l a j ~ u k V I (1976) Mikoz-noe -usihanie plodovih kuljtur Moskva Koloslaquo Radman L j (1977) Prilog prou~avanju gljivMnih vrsta obolele kore vinove loze
sa enacima ekskorfoze Savetovanje o ekskoriozi i virwmim bolestfma vinove loze Mostar
S t o j a n o v i c S (1982) Parazimiddottne wste gljlva prouzroko118~ suienja lastara vinove laze (Maglslarskl rad) Poljoprivredni fakultet Zemun
V a j n a L (1983) G gyiimiil-csfak korai elhahsat okazo gombas betegs~gek Mezogazdasagd Kiado Budapest
(Primljeno 1 07 1988)
ON THE FINDINGS OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP (SYN PESTALOTIA SP) ON APPLE FRUITS PUT INTO STORAGE
by
M Ars-enlJevlc and J Janfuric Fnculty Qf Agriculture Novi Sad
Summary
Froon apple fru~ts put into storage which slrowed the symptoms of brown rot of the diseased tissue were obtained several isolates of the fungus ltin snow-white colonies (Fig 1) On the potato medium the subshystratum part of colondes 1beoomes Hght brown after a few days of deV~elshyopment already Md the aerial one keeps the whitish aspect for a longer time It is only after 10 to 15 days that the aerial part of the coLonies changes too owing to the forming of fruotilberous corpuscles and beshycolmiddotnes whitish-grey
The- fructaierous corpuscles of the acervuli type are formed individually or in fonn of gtreater granula-r layers with yellowisl) exushydate composed of clYclracteristic conidia Conidia are brown and multi shycellular most frequent1y with tocee septa amiddotnd for the most part wdth two cilia always on one pole (Fig 4) The size of conidia is 162-250 X 50-75 [Jm
After the arlificial inoculation of the apple fruits there appear brown spots which gradOOJnly spread causing the changes similar to those which were observed when the fungus was being isolated (Fig 2) The obtajned rewisolates too manifest the same characteristics as the isolates with conidia atnd other propertnes characteristic for all the speshycies Qf the genus Pestalotiopsis to which they belong
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
424 ZaStita bimiddotlja Vol 39 (4) br 186 407-424 (1988) Beograd
jiYCOFLORA OF THE BARK OF DEAD GROPE SHOOTS II
by s Stojanovic
Institute for Plant ProtecUon Beograd
Summary
On dry Young vine leaves originating from 8 localities on the terri shytory of YugoiSlavia we observed several species of fungi only 6 of which were represelllted in a greater inrensdty (S to j an o vic 1986) Other species occurred sporadioally cliefly iln mixed infe~ons with Phomopshysis viticola Botryosphaeria obtusa Phoma vitis and Guignardia baccae
On dry young vine leaves in YugoslaVLiJa have not been noticed Cytospora leucoSperma Monochatia viticola Hendersonia vitis Microshydipiodia uvicola Diplodia viticola Diplodina ampelina Pleospora vitis Leptosphaeria viticola Didymosphaeria vitis Ophiobolus sarmenti and Sordaria uvicola
433 ZaSJita bilja Vol 31 (4) tbr 186 425-433 (middotl9a8) Beograid
SELECTION OF WHEAT CONCERNING THE RESISTANCE TO THE CAUSER OF POWDERY MrLDEW
by
S StoJanovic and Branka Ponoi lnamptitute for Cereals KrMujevac
Summary
Powdery mildew is a frequently occuring and economically imporshytant disease of wheat in our country On account of this its control is of an absolute necessity Within the complex of integral measures of proshytection the creation and growing of resistant sorts are being paid an increasing importance In this respect have been achieved noticeable results
In the period from 1977 to 1986 there were present 53 genotypes of the parasite in the south-eastern part of Yugoslavia which was an aggravating factor in the selection poundor the resistance Prevailing races were 4 (1482) 27 (2878) 46 (574olfo) and 59 (745)
The investigation of the resistance of seedlings and grown-up plants under the conditions of artificial inoculations have shown that the sorts Halle Stamm 13471 Weihenstephan M1 PI 170911 McNair 1789 CI 12633 ZG 244472 Idaed ti9b and Arthur 71 possess a zatisfactory degree of resistance and that thev can be used in the selection as donors of the resistance genes The investigated commercial sorts Partizanka Rana 2 Kosmajka Bezostaja 1 Krajinka Kavkaz Kragujevcanka 56 and Zlatna dolina were susceptible
By the crossbreeding of resistant and susceptible commercial sorts were created several lines of the F1 Fa F9 and BCa generations which are characterized in addition to the great resistance to the causer of powdery mildew also by a good fertility and other productive-technoloshygical properties The most important are the lines under the numbers 5 13 14 19 21 24 26 and 27
442 Zdtita 1bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 445-442 (1986) Beograd
Peterson B (lm) Wheat rust epidemics in Western Canada in 1953 1954 and 1955 Canadian Journal oC Plant Science 38
Pot o ~a n a e J Spehar V (1966) Inheritance of Resistance to Races 17 and 21 of Stem Rust in Wheat Savremena poljoprlvreda br 11-12 Novi Sad
S k om a n d B WI 1cox son R D~ He in e r R E (1977) Genetic and envishyroumental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be inmiddotfolved in morshyphological resistance to wheat stem rust Euphytica 26 123
S t middota k m a n E C C h r is t e n s e n J J (1960) The problem of breeding resistant varieties In Plant Pathology 3 p 567 Ed by J G ftorsfall and A E Dimond AcHdemic Press New York middot
W n t s k on I A Lui n g N H (1963) The cllassification of Puccinia graminis trttict in middot Jmiddotelation to breeding resistant varieties Pruceedlngs ot the middotLnnaeaa Society of New South Wales 88 235
W 1 1co x o 11 R D (1976) Studies on generalized resistance to sterm rust Qlf wheat In Proceedings of Fourth DIJropean and Mediterranean Cereal Rust Conshyference Interlaken Switerlaoo 1976 p 162 Ed by A B roonniman Europ~n and Mediterranen Cereal Rust Foundat ion Interlaken
(Prtmleno 10 06 1988)
THE REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES TO PUCCINIA GRAMINS TRITICI IN HILLY-MOUNTAIN
REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
by
Jelena Boikovlc Institute for P lant Protection NoVi Sad
Summa4Iy
ln the 1Irials of Nevesinje Gacko Duvno and KuPlaquoeS 1979 1980 and 1981 it was examined the reaction of 35 spring wheat genotypes and 18 Sr iso~nic lines tu Puccinia graminis tritici Only the line ZA-85 was resistante Less susceptible were warieties RadiUsecta Livanjka Tobari 66 and ZG-6168 Three years resistante were the lines Sr 11 Ttt and Sr 9e Some of these genes may be present in our line ZA-85
449 ZaAtita bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 443-449 (1988) Beograd
M or ct u e J E M (1976a) Pestalotiopampis funerea CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi an Baoterla Nt 514 Kew England
M or d u e J E M (1976b) Pesta1otl01l$i8 psidii CMI Descriptions of Pathogenfc Fungi and Bacteria No 515 Kew England
M or due J E M (19808) P~talotiopampis diohaeta CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacterltla M 675 Kew England
M or due J E M (1980b) Pestalo1dopBis manglferae CMI Descriptions of Pathoshyampenic Fungi and Baoteria No 676 Kew England
Mat h u 1middot S B Ram Nat h (1970) PestaiOtia guepini Desm In seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers Proc Int Seed Test AEs 35 165-168 Copenhagen
Pot l a j ~ u k V I (1976) Mikoz-noe -usihanie plodovih kuljtur Moskva Koloslaquo Radman L j (1977) Prilog prou~avanju gljivMnih vrsta obolele kore vinove loze
sa enacima ekskorfoze Savetovanje o ekskoriozi i virwmim bolestfma vinove loze Mostar
S t o j a n o v i c S (1982) Parazimiddottne wste gljlva prouzroko118~ suienja lastara vinove laze (Maglslarskl rad) Poljoprivredni fakultet Zemun
V a j n a L (1983) G gyiimiil-csfak korai elhahsat okazo gombas betegs~gek Mezogazdasagd Kiado Budapest
(Primljeno 1 07 1988)
ON THE FINDINGS OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP (SYN PESTALOTIA SP) ON APPLE FRUITS PUT INTO STORAGE
by
M Ars-enlJevlc and J Janfuric Fnculty Qf Agriculture Novi Sad
Summary
Froon apple fru~ts put into storage which slrowed the symptoms of brown rot of the diseased tissue were obtained several isolates of the fungus ltin snow-white colonies (Fig 1) On the potato medium the subshystratum part of colondes 1beoomes Hght brown after a few days of deV~elshyopment already Md the aerial one keeps the whitish aspect for a longer time It is only after 10 to 15 days that the aerial part of the coLonies changes too owing to the forming of fruotilberous corpuscles and beshycolmiddotnes whitish-grey
The- fructaierous corpuscles of the acervuli type are formed individually or in fonn of gtreater granula-r layers with yellowisl) exushydate composed of clYclracteristic conidia Conidia are brown and multi shycellular most frequent1y with tocee septa amiddotnd for the most part wdth two cilia always on one pole (Fig 4) The size of conidia is 162-250 X 50-75 [Jm
After the arlificial inoculation of the apple fruits there appear brown spots which gradOOJnly spread causing the changes similar to those which were observed when the fungus was being isolated (Fig 2) The obtajned rewisolates too manifest the same characteristics as the isolates with conidia atnd other propertnes characteristic for all the speshycies Qf the genus Pestalotiopsis to which they belong
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
433 ZaSJita bilja Vol 31 (4) tbr 186 425-433 (middotl9a8) Beograid
SELECTION OF WHEAT CONCERNING THE RESISTANCE TO THE CAUSER OF POWDERY MrLDEW
by
S StoJanovic and Branka Ponoi lnamptitute for Cereals KrMujevac
Summary
Powdery mildew is a frequently occuring and economically imporshytant disease of wheat in our country On account of this its control is of an absolute necessity Within the complex of integral measures of proshytection the creation and growing of resistant sorts are being paid an increasing importance In this respect have been achieved noticeable results
In the period from 1977 to 1986 there were present 53 genotypes of the parasite in the south-eastern part of Yugoslavia which was an aggravating factor in the selection poundor the resistance Prevailing races were 4 (1482) 27 (2878) 46 (574olfo) and 59 (745)
The investigation of the resistance of seedlings and grown-up plants under the conditions of artificial inoculations have shown that the sorts Halle Stamm 13471 Weihenstephan M1 PI 170911 McNair 1789 CI 12633 ZG 244472 Idaed ti9b and Arthur 71 possess a zatisfactory degree of resistance and that thev can be used in the selection as donors of the resistance genes The investigated commercial sorts Partizanka Rana 2 Kosmajka Bezostaja 1 Krajinka Kavkaz Kragujevcanka 56 and Zlatna dolina were susceptible
By the crossbreeding of resistant and susceptible commercial sorts were created several lines of the F1 Fa F9 and BCa generations which are characterized in addition to the great resistance to the causer of powdery mildew also by a good fertility and other productive-technoloshygical properties The most important are the lines under the numbers 5 13 14 19 21 24 26 and 27
442 Zdtita 1bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 445-442 (1986) Beograd
Peterson B (lm) Wheat rust epidemics in Western Canada in 1953 1954 and 1955 Canadian Journal oC Plant Science 38
Pot o ~a n a e J Spehar V (1966) Inheritance of Resistance to Races 17 and 21 of Stem Rust in Wheat Savremena poljoprlvreda br 11-12 Novi Sad
S k om a n d B WI 1cox son R D~ He in e r R E (1977) Genetic and envishyroumental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be inmiddotfolved in morshyphological resistance to wheat stem rust Euphytica 26 123
S t middota k m a n E C C h r is t e n s e n J J (1960) The problem of breeding resistant varieties In Plant Pathology 3 p 567 Ed by J G ftorsfall and A E Dimond AcHdemic Press New York middot
W n t s k on I A Lui n g N H (1963) The cllassification of Puccinia graminis trttict in middot Jmiddotelation to breeding resistant varieties Pruceedlngs ot the middotLnnaeaa Society of New South Wales 88 235
W 1 1co x o 11 R D (1976) Studies on generalized resistance to sterm rust Qlf wheat In Proceedings of Fourth DIJropean and Mediterranean Cereal Rust Conshyference Interlaken Switerlaoo 1976 p 162 Ed by A B roonniman Europ~n and Mediterranen Cereal Rust Foundat ion Interlaken
(Prtmleno 10 06 1988)
THE REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES TO PUCCINIA GRAMINS TRITICI IN HILLY-MOUNTAIN
REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
by
Jelena Boikovlc Institute for P lant Protection NoVi Sad
Summa4Iy
ln the 1Irials of Nevesinje Gacko Duvno and KuPlaquoeS 1979 1980 and 1981 it was examined the reaction of 35 spring wheat genotypes and 18 Sr iso~nic lines tu Puccinia graminis tritici Only the line ZA-85 was resistante Less susceptible were warieties RadiUsecta Livanjka Tobari 66 and ZG-6168 Three years resistante were the lines Sr 11 Ttt and Sr 9e Some of these genes may be present in our line ZA-85
449 ZaAtita bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 443-449 (1988) Beograd
M or ct u e J E M (1976a) Pestalotiopampis funerea CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi an Baoterla Nt 514 Kew England
M or d u e J E M (1976b) Pesta1otl01l$i8 psidii CMI Descriptions of Pathogenfc Fungi and Bacteria No 515 Kew England
M or due J E M (19808) P~talotiopampis diohaeta CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacterltla M 675 Kew England
M or due J E M (1980b) Pestalo1dopBis manglferae CMI Descriptions of Pathoshyampenic Fungi and Baoteria No 676 Kew England
Mat h u 1middot S B Ram Nat h (1970) PestaiOtia guepini Desm In seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers Proc Int Seed Test AEs 35 165-168 Copenhagen
Pot l a j ~ u k V I (1976) Mikoz-noe -usihanie plodovih kuljtur Moskva Koloslaquo Radman L j (1977) Prilog prou~avanju gljivMnih vrsta obolele kore vinove loze
sa enacima ekskorfoze Savetovanje o ekskoriozi i virwmim bolestfma vinove loze Mostar
S t o j a n o v i c S (1982) Parazimiddottne wste gljlva prouzroko118~ suienja lastara vinove laze (Maglslarskl rad) Poljoprivredni fakultet Zemun
V a j n a L (1983) G gyiimiil-csfak korai elhahsat okazo gombas betegs~gek Mezogazdasagd Kiado Budapest
(Primljeno 1 07 1988)
ON THE FINDINGS OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP (SYN PESTALOTIA SP) ON APPLE FRUITS PUT INTO STORAGE
by
M Ars-enlJevlc and J Janfuric Fnculty Qf Agriculture Novi Sad
Summary
Froon apple fru~ts put into storage which slrowed the symptoms of brown rot of the diseased tissue were obtained several isolates of the fungus ltin snow-white colonies (Fig 1) On the potato medium the subshystratum part of colondes 1beoomes Hght brown after a few days of deV~elshyopment already Md the aerial one keeps the whitish aspect for a longer time It is only after 10 to 15 days that the aerial part of the coLonies changes too owing to the forming of fruotilberous corpuscles and beshycolmiddotnes whitish-grey
The- fructaierous corpuscles of the acervuli type are formed individually or in fonn of gtreater granula-r layers with yellowisl) exushydate composed of clYclracteristic conidia Conidia are brown and multi shycellular most frequent1y with tocee septa amiddotnd for the most part wdth two cilia always on one pole (Fig 4) The size of conidia is 162-250 X 50-75 [Jm
After the arlificial inoculation of the apple fruits there appear brown spots which gradOOJnly spread causing the changes similar to those which were observed when the fungus was being isolated (Fig 2) The obtajned rewisolates too manifest the same characteristics as the isolates with conidia atnd other propertnes characteristic for all the speshycies Qf the genus Pestalotiopsis to which they belong
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
442 Zdtita 1bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 445-442 (1986) Beograd
Peterson B (lm) Wheat rust epidemics in Western Canada in 1953 1954 and 1955 Canadian Journal oC Plant Science 38
Pot o ~a n a e J Spehar V (1966) Inheritance of Resistance to Races 17 and 21 of Stem Rust in Wheat Savremena poljoprlvreda br 11-12 Novi Sad
S k om a n d B WI 1cox son R D~ He in e r R E (1977) Genetic and envishyroumental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be inmiddotfolved in morshyphological resistance to wheat stem rust Euphytica 26 123
S t middota k m a n E C C h r is t e n s e n J J (1960) The problem of breeding resistant varieties In Plant Pathology 3 p 567 Ed by J G ftorsfall and A E Dimond AcHdemic Press New York middot
W n t s k on I A Lui n g N H (1963) The cllassification of Puccinia graminis trttict in middot Jmiddotelation to breeding resistant varieties Pruceedlngs ot the middotLnnaeaa Society of New South Wales 88 235
W 1 1co x o 11 R D (1976) Studies on generalized resistance to sterm rust Qlf wheat In Proceedings of Fourth DIJropean and Mediterranean Cereal Rust Conshyference Interlaken Switerlaoo 1976 p 162 Ed by A B roonniman Europ~n and Mediterranen Cereal Rust Foundat ion Interlaken
(Prtmleno 10 06 1988)
THE REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES TO PUCCINIA GRAMINS TRITICI IN HILLY-MOUNTAIN
REGIONS OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
by
Jelena Boikovlc Institute for P lant Protection NoVi Sad
Summa4Iy
ln the 1Irials of Nevesinje Gacko Duvno and KuPlaquoeS 1979 1980 and 1981 it was examined the reaction of 35 spring wheat genotypes and 18 Sr iso~nic lines tu Puccinia graminis tritici Only the line ZA-85 was resistante Less susceptible were warieties RadiUsecta Livanjka Tobari 66 and ZG-6168 Three years resistante were the lines Sr 11 Ttt and Sr 9e Some of these genes may be present in our line ZA-85
449 ZaAtita bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 443-449 (1988) Beograd
M or ct u e J E M (1976a) Pestalotiopampis funerea CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi an Baoterla Nt 514 Kew England
M or d u e J E M (1976b) Pesta1otl01l$i8 psidii CMI Descriptions of Pathogenfc Fungi and Bacteria No 515 Kew England
M or due J E M (19808) P~talotiopampis diohaeta CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacterltla M 675 Kew England
M or due J E M (1980b) Pestalo1dopBis manglferae CMI Descriptions of Pathoshyampenic Fungi and Baoteria No 676 Kew England
Mat h u 1middot S B Ram Nat h (1970) PestaiOtia guepini Desm In seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers Proc Int Seed Test AEs 35 165-168 Copenhagen
Pot l a j ~ u k V I (1976) Mikoz-noe -usihanie plodovih kuljtur Moskva Koloslaquo Radman L j (1977) Prilog prou~avanju gljivMnih vrsta obolele kore vinove loze
sa enacima ekskorfoze Savetovanje o ekskoriozi i virwmim bolestfma vinove loze Mostar
S t o j a n o v i c S (1982) Parazimiddottne wste gljlva prouzroko118~ suienja lastara vinove laze (Maglslarskl rad) Poljoprivredni fakultet Zemun
V a j n a L (1983) G gyiimiil-csfak korai elhahsat okazo gombas betegs~gek Mezogazdasagd Kiado Budapest
(Primljeno 1 07 1988)
ON THE FINDINGS OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP (SYN PESTALOTIA SP) ON APPLE FRUITS PUT INTO STORAGE
by
M Ars-enlJevlc and J Janfuric Fnculty Qf Agriculture Novi Sad
Summary
Froon apple fru~ts put into storage which slrowed the symptoms of brown rot of the diseased tissue were obtained several isolates of the fungus ltin snow-white colonies (Fig 1) On the potato medium the subshystratum part of colondes 1beoomes Hght brown after a few days of deV~elshyopment already Md the aerial one keeps the whitish aspect for a longer time It is only after 10 to 15 days that the aerial part of the coLonies changes too owing to the forming of fruotilberous corpuscles and beshycolmiddotnes whitish-grey
The- fructaierous corpuscles of the acervuli type are formed individually or in fonn of gtreater granula-r layers with yellowisl) exushydate composed of clYclracteristic conidia Conidia are brown and multi shycellular most frequent1y with tocee septa amiddotnd for the most part wdth two cilia always on one pole (Fig 4) The size of conidia is 162-250 X 50-75 [Jm
After the arlificial inoculation of the apple fruits there appear brown spots which gradOOJnly spread causing the changes similar to those which were observed when the fungus was being isolated (Fig 2) The obtajned rewisolates too manifest the same characteristics as the isolates with conidia atnd other propertnes characteristic for all the speshycies Qf the genus Pestalotiopsis to which they belong
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
449 ZaAtita bilja Vol 39 (4) br 186 443-449 (1988) Beograd
M or ct u e J E M (1976a) Pestalotiopampis funerea CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi an Baoterla Nt 514 Kew England
M or d u e J E M (1976b) Pesta1otl01l$i8 psidii CMI Descriptions of Pathogenfc Fungi and Bacteria No 515 Kew England
M or due J E M (19808) P~talotiopampis diohaeta CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacterltla M 675 Kew England
M or due J E M (1980b) Pestalo1dopBis manglferae CMI Descriptions of Pathoshyampenic Fungi and Baoteria No 676 Kew England
Mat h u 1middot S B Ram Nat h (1970) PestaiOtia guepini Desm In seeds of Sorghum vulgare Pers Proc Int Seed Test AEs 35 165-168 Copenhagen
Pot l a j ~ u k V I (1976) Mikoz-noe -usihanie plodovih kuljtur Moskva Koloslaquo Radman L j (1977) Prilog prou~avanju gljivMnih vrsta obolele kore vinove loze
sa enacima ekskorfoze Savetovanje o ekskoriozi i virwmim bolestfma vinove loze Mostar
S t o j a n o v i c S (1982) Parazimiddottne wste gljlva prouzroko118~ suienja lastara vinove laze (Maglslarskl rad) Poljoprivredni fakultet Zemun
V a j n a L (1983) G gyiimiil-csfak korai elhahsat okazo gombas betegs~gek Mezogazdasagd Kiado Budapest
(Primljeno 1 07 1988)
ON THE FINDINGS OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP (SYN PESTALOTIA SP) ON APPLE FRUITS PUT INTO STORAGE
by
M Ars-enlJevlc and J Janfuric Fnculty Qf Agriculture Novi Sad
Summary
Froon apple fru~ts put into storage which slrowed the symptoms of brown rot of the diseased tissue were obtained several isolates of the fungus ltin snow-white colonies (Fig 1) On the potato medium the subshystratum part of colondes 1beoomes Hght brown after a few days of deV~elshyopment already Md the aerial one keeps the whitish aspect for a longer time It is only after 10 to 15 days that the aerial part of the coLonies changes too owing to the forming of fruotilberous corpuscles and beshycolmiddotnes whitish-grey
The- fructaierous corpuscles of the acervuli type are formed individually or in fonn of gtreater granula-r layers with yellowisl) exushydate composed of clYclracteristic conidia Conidia are brown and multi shycellular most frequent1y with tocee septa amiddotnd for the most part wdth two cilia always on one pole (Fig 4) The size of conidia is 162-250 X 50-75 [Jm
After the arlificial inoculation of the apple fruits there appear brown spots which gradOOJnly spread causing the changes similar to those which were observed when the fungus was being isolated (Fig 2) The obtajned rewisolates too manifest the same characteristics as the isolates with conidia atnd other propertnes characteristic for all the speshycies Qf the genus Pestalotiopsis to which they belong
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
454 Za~tlta J)ilja Vol 3B (4) br 186 451-454 (1988) Beograd
P e c l 0 (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctk Chalcidoidea (1nsect4 Hymenoptera) P fa ut E R (1972) Fltmdamentals of appLied entomology New Yuk Tan as i j e vic N (1954) Dejstvo organskih preparata na Uetne i korisne inshy
sekte luceriUa Za~Hta bilja 23 s tr 21-38 T a n as i j e v i c N S i m o vi c-T o i ~ c D (1985) P06ebna entomo-logija Bgd V u k a s o v H P i kol aut (1962) Stelttocrne u biljnoj prolzvodnji II (speoijalnl
deo) Beograd
(Primljeno 21 03 J988)
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI GUSS (CHALCIDOIDEA EURYTOMIDAE)
by
Radoslava Spasic a~nd Olivera Petrovic Facu1ty of Acriocu11ure Beograd-Zemun
Lj Mibajlovle Fmiddotaculty of Forestry Beograd
Summa middotry
In alfalfa seed samples fmiddotrom several localities in S-erbia thleeshychalcid speaies (Chalcidoidea Hym) were found in 1987
One of them was established to be a very hamiddotrmful species fol alf shyalfa seed Bruchophagus roddi Guss (Chalcidoidea Eurytomidae) the vther two are its parasites
Until now cmly BruchOphagus gibbus B01h a similabullr alfalfa seed ~st occurred dn our country althoo-gh according to some foreign authors this species was foumiddotnd on clover seed while B roddi was found as a pest on alfalfa seed
Our reults are only the be~nning of investigations in detellltirliing the presence of B roddi and B gzbbus in Yugoslavia and their relation tJO host plants
Besides B roddi two specieo of parasites Liodontomerus perplexus middot Gah (Chalcidoidea Torymidae) aatd Habrocytus medicaginis Gah (Chalshycidoidea Pteromalidae) were fOIUnd middotThese species are new for the Yugoshyslav fauna
H medicaginis known in N America as a paraste of Bruchophagus spp althoogh not present in the Key for European species of the genus Habrocytus could not be positi111ely determined but is cited only as li medicaginis until ottr American colleagues oonfirm the assumption
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
466 Za~tita biJ1a Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beo~1rad
THE llt~ATE OF PHORATE IN SOIL AND POTATOES
by
Marica Bakovic Nada Mllosectevski and 1 Periti Unmiddotiversity of Belgrade INEP - Institute for pesticides and environment protection
Beograd - Zemun
M Seatovtc Faculty of Agricu-lture lnstlitute for plant and food protection
Beograd - Zemun
R Mirkovlc raquoZORKAlaquo Chemical Industry Sabac
Summamiddotry
Chernozem type soil was treatted wRh Timet G5 2 kg acha Timet G5 was applied by haind at a depth of 10 em in rows Simultaneously potatoes were panted at a distance of 10 em from the placed granules
The elementary characteristics of the soil were determmed and the air temperature and amount of precipitation were measuTed during the first year
The dynamics of phOTate degradation and the persistence of ius metabohltes in 00il were foUwed after six monts in two layers 0-10 and 10--20 em and in a 0-30 em layer aiLer one year
The uptake and metabolism of phorate in potatoes were determined tluring ltme vegetation period Up to 45 days after application wholie plants were analysed and theilaquo- average fTesh and dry weight were deshytermined Furthermore the r0016 were analysed after 45 90 and 180 liays
The results of tlris experimem halve shown that the degradation of Timet G5 imiddotn ooil contadlnring 370o humus and of pH (KCl) 806 was rapid event though it wa1s placed into the soil In the 0-10 em layer phorate was metabolized by more than 90 during 30 days
The maximiddotmal content of phorate su11oxide was 36 mgkg after 30 days decreasing by 36 times after 180 days The amount of phorate ~ tlione increased in soil up to 135 mgkg by 90 days and it demiddotcreased by only 3 times up to 180 days Phorate sulfone was the most persistent compound in the soil and the basic metabolite one yea-r after application The content of phollatoxon in soil was not significant
There was a certain penetration of phorate phoramiddotte sulfoxide and phorate sulfone into the deeper layer (10-20 em) orf soil which was the highest after 15 days 190fo and the lowest after 90 days 025 regarshyding the applied amount The mobility of the compound varied at diffeshyren t time intervals after application
The highest oontent of phorate phorate sulfoxide and phorate su1fone i-n potatoes was established 15 days after applricatioo and amounted to only 116 o of the initdal amount in the soil
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
Za8tita middotbitja Vol 39 (4) br 186 455-467 (1988) Beogtalti 461
During 30 days the uptake predominated over metabolism altshyhough at this time phomte praclioaUy WaSitlt present in middotthe potatoes Phorat oxone was not detected and the content of phorate sulfone WaJS constantly above pharate sulfoxlide COItent
The maxmal amount present in the roots after 45 days was 028 mg kg in the form of pborate sulfox-ide and phorate sulfone The poshytatoes ready far digging oontained no residues of these toxic oompounds
The content of phorate and its metabolites after 15 days was up Lo 32 ~Jogplant At thils ttme the average fresh weight of the plants was about 4 g After 45 days the weight was increased by about 36 times and the amount of pho~rate and its metabolites by about 12 times
Thls kind of behavdour of phorate in soil and potatoes implies the need far further inveatdgations in ord1er to safely accept its possible applicatdocn for potato protection
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
477 Zatita bilj~ Vol 39 (4) br 186 469478 (1988) Beograd
M u n t a ii o 1 a-C vet k o v 1 c M bull Petro v M V u k o j e vi c J M i h a 1 j shyi e v i c M (1980) Further studies on the Phomopsu-Diaporthe disease of sunshyflower Arhiv bioi nauka 32 5P4P
M u n tan o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M i h a 1 j l e v i c M P e t r o v M (1981) On the identity of the causative agent of a serious Phomopm-Diaporthe disease in sunftower plants Nova HedwigJa 34 417-435
M u n t a fi o 1 a-c v e t k o v i c M B o i o vi c-C v e t i ( D V u k o j e v i ( J (19115 a) An ultrastructural study of ex- and ~- conidia in the fungal genus Phomopsis Cryptogamie Myool 6 171-114
M u n t a ii o1 a-C vet k o vic M M i h a middot1 j l e vic M V u k o j e vic J P eshyt r o v M (1985 b) Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from unshyflower plants and debris in Yugoslavia Trans Br mycol Soc 85 477---483
M u n taft ol a-c vet k o vic M V u k o j e vie J M l h a 1 Ji e vic M (19811 a) Pathohisttology of sunflower 6tems attacked by DiapoTthe helianthi Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf II 102-103 i Poster takoce u Can J Bot (u ~tampi)
M u n t a i o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M v u k o j e v i c J M i h a 1 j ~ e vic M P eshyt r o v M (1988 b) Correlation between environmental conditions and the deshyvelopment of the teleomorphoois in lgtiaporthe heliantM Proc XII Intern Sunflower Conf 11 96-101
Muntafiola-Cvetkovic M Vukojevic J Ljaljevic Mbull Pavic S (1988 c) Pltanje fertilnooti patogene gljive Diap)fthe hepoundianthi IV Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije Plenami referati i saopstenja ~tr 502-503
P e res A Reg n au 1 t Y (1988) Dfaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al Eleshyments de biologie et depldemiologie appliques aux e~sais de lutte Proc XU Intern Sunnower Conf II 90-93
Petro v M 111 u n t a fi o 1 a-C v e t k o vi c M M h a 1 j l e v i c M (ll81) Noshyva zapaanja o bolesti suncokreta prouzrokovanoj od Phomopsis heliantht Munt-Cvet et al (DfapoTthe helfanthi Munt-Cvet et al) Arhiv biol nauka 33 13--19
S u L i M a r i c A M a s i rev i c S (1985) Ispi-tivanje epidemiologije Phomopshytfs sp (DUzJ)011he sp) na sunookretu ZaStita bilja 36 357-370
V u k o j e vi c J (u prlpremi) Histol~ke tehnike u istrativanju patoloskih proshyeesa kod suncokreta napadnutog sa Phomopsis heliantht
W e h m eyer L E (1983) The Genus Diaporthe Nmiddotitschke and its segregates tJnlv Mich Stud 9 349 pp
THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDJAPORTHE HELlANTHl ON SUNFLOWER l ~YCOLOGlCAL
ASPECTS
by
Marla Mubtailola-Cvetkovl~ The bullSinlb Stankoviclaquo InsUtute for Biological Research Beograd
M MibalJuvlc Insutute of Field and Vegetabll Crops Novi Sad
Jelena VukolevW Institute of Botany Faculty of Sciences Beograd
Summary
The results obtained principally Jn Yugoslavia during the period 1980-lt88 in the investigations on the fungal pathogen of sunflowers PhomopsuDi4po7the hlianthi are presented in this paper
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
478 Za~tita bUja Vol 39 middot(4) br 186 469-478 (1988) BeoograQ
Plant infection is carried out by asoospores whose germ tubes infiltrate the foliar vagtcutar system After ramification the hyphae invade other tissues and gain entrance to the petioles Stem colonization is initiated internally from mycelium which spreads down the petiole Hyphae are particularly numerous In the cortex between the epidermis and the endodermis where they form protopycnidia by further differentiation these become pycnldia Egress is achieved when the expandshying pycnldla rupture the epidermal layers on whicl they produce cankers In Yushygoslavia the pycnidia of P helianthi contain only beta-conidia (alta-conidia and intermediate types (C-conidia) are only occasionally seen and then sparstlly and ephemerally)
The nuclear phase change of the fungus from anamorphosis (Phomopsis) to teleomorphosis (Diapprthe) occurs in the parenchyma cells beneath the endodermis near the vascular bundles or in tlhe host phloem and cambium In field oonditiltmS teleornorphosis ontogeny begins in auwmn and middotits development occurs slowly and UJlevenly in subsequent months Low temperatures prevent the ascoma initials to develop too fast perithecial maturation must coincide with the sunflower vegetashytive onset ln Yugoslavia perithecla appear abundantly on overwintered sunflower stem debris Undel wet conditions the rostrum of the perithecla elongates and ascospores are released These are able to germinate and initiate a new cycle in spring and subsequent months However during winter months with warm spells and high humidity in the soil perithecia may precociously achieve maturation In experimental condimiddottions petithecial development cabulln be accelerated under suitamiddotble tempettatures and water supply
During the 1980-1988 period the very numerous cultures isolated every year from sunflowers attacked by P heltanfhi as well as from D helianthi perithecia formed on detritus of these plants have always shown the same morphologic and physiologic main characters optimal growth temperature 23deg-25degC depending on the nutrient medium aerial mycelium scanty and white on PDA moderate and ollvaceous on MA black eustromatic pycnidia easily and quickly formed in vitTo conidial discharge in drops beta-conidia always abundant aJfa-conidia absent The yugoslav isolates very rarely produce perithecia on the common arUmiddot flcial nutrient media The nutrient agar containing several microelements aminoshyacids and vitamins teported by Assemat amp Fayret (1987) as suitable for D helianthi parltheclal production hilS not given here consistent results Taking into account the Importance of the ascospores ln this species m ore studies are needed on this subject
In the 198Q-1988 period the main cultural characteristics of the 8pecies have not changed The isolates obtained from hybrids included in the international comshyparative teats naturally infected in Yugoslavia have shown the same pattern
Sunflower stem debris can be colonized by many other fungi and during our eight-year study sGme few isolates have been recognized as Phomopsis species (not identified) they do not however cause tJle disease under investigation
