Slide 1
. . ... . . . ... . .
:(1) : .
(2) : .
(3) : .
(4) : .
5) ) .
(6)
(7) : , .
(8) : .
(9) : . : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- .5- . 6- .
(10) : .
(11) : 4.5 4 840.5 7 5 4.5 3.50.5 .
(12) .
(13) .
(14) .
(15) : .
(16) : 3.20 . .
(17) .
(18) : .
(19) : .
1*-: (step) :
, , . () . , " " "".
*- : . 3 14 . . . 80 120
*- : *- : . *- : . *-: .
*- : . .*- : .*- : 2,10 .
*- : .*- :
: . : . (): : .: 90 180
. : .
: (Hand rail)( ): .
: (Balusters) (): . .... . 30 .
string: .
: . slope: (Bull-nose step) . . .
: . :1- + =40 45 .2- * = 400 450 .3- 2()+ = 60 63 . : . . (garden for people) :2 + = 65 . 15 35 .
: ladder: (cat ladder) 5/8 .
ladder (cat laddr)
: (step ladder): .
: (interior stairs): . : : (parallel treads) :1- .2- .3- .4- .5- .- (winders) (parallel treads) :1- . . .
2- . 90 . .
3- : 180 : . .
.
4- three quarter turn stairs : 270 . .
5 : . (double return stairs) (bifurcated stairs ) .
- geometrical stairs (geometrical stairs) . (open well) :- circular stairs . semi circular stairs . Eleptical stairs. semi eleptical stairs. spiral stairs .
spiral stair .- .- . - .
.
. . . Escalator : 30 = * 1.732 35 = * 1.428
.
EXTERIOR STAIRS .
TYPES OF RAMPS :1 (STEEP RAMPS) : 10 24 1:6 1:2.5 (STEP RAMPS) .2 (MEDIUM RAMPS ) 6 -10 1:10 1:6 .3 (SHALLOW RAMPS ) 6 1:10 . .
(HANDICAPPED) . (WHEELCHAIR LIFT) . .
TIMBER STAIRS (STAIRCASE) (WOOD JOOINTS) . . . (FLIGHT) (NEWL POSTS) .
SPANDRIL STAIRS 25 . . . ( ) 8 10 3 . 8 12 2
REINFORCED CONCRETE STAIRS . . . . (ONE WAY SLAB)
.
:- 3 . 3 5-8 . 2 4 . 20 -30 .
Recommended