HO HC GLUCID

MC TIU BI HC1. Trnh by c nh ngha, phn loi, vai tr ca glucid.2. Trnh by c cu to, tnh cht chung ca monosaccharid, oligosaccharid, vai tr mt s polysaccharid.

1. I CNG1.1 nh nghaGlucid l hp cht hu c, phn t c 3 nguyn t to thnh: C, H, O. Cng thc chung (CH2O)n, n3 gi l carbohydrat hay saccharid.

1.2 Phn loi

2. MONOSACCHARID2.1 Cu toL dn xut ca polyalcol (3 7 C) c cha nhm carbonyl. L n v ca glucid, khng b thy phn.

2. MONOSACCHARID (tip)2.2 Danh phpC 4 cch gi tn: Cch 1.Gi theo ha chc kh: aldose, cetose.Cch 2. Gi theo s carbon: S carbon theo ting Hylp + ose. 3C Triose 6C Hexose 4C Tetrose 7C Heptose5C Pentose

Cch 3. Gi gp 2 cch: V d: nhm kh l aldehyd, 5C gi l: aldopentose.Cch 4. Gi tn c bit: fructose (cetohexose), glucose (aldohexose)

2.3 Mt s khi nimng phn dy D v dy L ca monosaccharid:Ly glyceraldehyd lm chun, khi nhm OH nguyn t C bt i xng nm bn phi gi l dy D, cn bn tri l dy L.

ng phn quang hc ca monosaccharid - S lng ng phn quang hc: N = 2n (n l s carbon bt i xng C*).

- Tr dihydroxyaceton cn cc monosaccharid khc u c C* nn c ng phn quang hc.

ng phn v ca monosaccharid OH bn acetal: nm di mt phng dng (cis). nm trn mt phng dng (trans)

Theo qui c dng vng:- Phi cnh ca MS thng khng vit nguyn t carbon trong vng. - Gch dc ng pha trn hay pha di ca mt phng ch nhm OH

2.4 Tnh cht ca Monosaccharid2.4.1 Tnh cht l hcD tan trong nc, tan t trong alcol, khng tan trong este. V ngt.

2.4.2 Tnh cht ha hc Tnh kh (b oxy ha)Nhm (-CHO) b oxy ha thnh (-COOH).

Phn ng Fehling: Monosaccharid b oxy ha bi mui kim loi nng trong mi trng kim.

B oxy ha bi axit m c:

ng sorbitol c nhiu trong qu l, qu to, ngi mc bnh tiu ng c th s dng c ng ny.

Phn ng to Furfural (Molish)

Phn ng to ete v este -To ete (lin kt glucosid)): nhm OH bn acetal ca MS ny kt hp vi nhm OH alcol ca MS khc

-To este: cc este phosphat ca monosaccharid c vai tr quan trng trong trao i cht nh trong tng hp glucose, glycogen. 1-4 glucosid1-6 glucosid

Phn ng to thnh ozazon natriacetat Monosaccharid + phenylhydrazin (d) ------------> ozazon (tinh th)t0 Glucozazon Galactozazon (Glucose, fructose, mannose) (Galactose) Pht hin galactose/nc tiu (bnh nhn b bnh galactose niu).

3. OLIGOSACCHARID3.1 nh nghaGlucid c cha t 2- 8 gc monosaccharid lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt glucosid . C hai loi chnh l di v trisaccharid.3.2 Disaccharid (DS)L loi glucid m mi phn t ca chng khi thu phn cho 2 phn t monosaccharid.

DS c tnh kh v khng c tnh kh:Nu nhm OH ca monosaccharid ny kt hp vi nhm OH bn acetal ca monosaccharid khc disaccharid vn cn mt nhm OH bn acetal cn tnh kh.Nu 2 nhm OH bn acetal ca 2 monosaccharid kt hp vi nhau disaccharid khng cn nhm OH bn acetal khng cn tnh kh.

Maltoseng mch nha Lactoseng sa Saccharoseng ma Ngun gcmm ht ng cc sa ma (14-25%)c ci ng

Cu to

Tnh chtc tnh kh c tnh kh khng c tnh kh

4. PolysaccharidPolysaccharid gm 2 loi:Polysaccharid thun.Polysaccharid tp.

4.1 Polysaccharid thun

Tinh bt Glycogen Cellulose Ngun gcHt la (60-80%)Ng (65-75%) Khoai ty (12 - 20%) ng vt (gan v c) Mng t bo thc vt KLPT106 - 107 107 - 109 106 - 2.106 Cu to+ Amylose

+ Amylopectin

Glycogen phn nhnh nhiu hn v di ca mi nhnh ngn hn Amylopectin Tnh chtAmylose + I2 xanh lAmylopectin + I2tm Glycogen + I2 nuB thu phn bi -glucosidase

AmyloseAmylopectin

4.2 Polysaccharid tp

Khu tr Vai tr Acid hyaluronicthu tinh th, cung nhau thai, dch khp, van tim, sn phi thai, da,sn cht kt dnh t/ch l/kt, cn tr s xm nhp Condrointin sulfat A sn, xng, sn phi thai, gic mc Condrointin sulfat B da Condrointin sulfat Cda, gn, dy chng, cung nhau thai, van tim Keratan sulfatKeratan sulfat 1 gic mcKeratan sulfat 2 snHeparin Heparin sulfat gan, trong thnh mch mu v trong phi chng ng mu

* Acid hyaluronicn v: -D-glucuronic + N- acetylglucosamin bng lk (1-3)glucosid. Cc n v lk vi nhau bng lk (1-4) glucosid.

* Condrointin sulfat A, CCu to chung: A.glucuronic + N-acetyl-D-galactosamin-sulfat. S khc bit gia chng l v tr nhm sulfat.Condrointin sulfat ACondrointin sulfat C(A.glucuronic + N-acetyl-galactosamin-4-sulfat)(A.glucuronic + N-acetyl-galactosamin-6-sulfat)* Condrointin sulfat B(A.L-iduronic + N-acetyl-galactosamin-4-sulfat)

* Keratan sulfatn v: D-galactose + N- acetylgalactosamin-6-sulfat bng lk (1-4)glucosid. Cc n v lk vi nhau bng lk (1-3) glucosid.

* Heparin, heparin sulfat n v: D-glucuronat-2-sulfat + N-acetyl-glucosamin-6-sulfat Cc thnh phn v n v lk vi nhau bng lk (1-4) glucosid.

CU HI LNG GI- Cu 1. Trong cc glucid sau, cc cht th hin tnh kh l:Glucose, fructose, tinh bt. Glucose, fructose, saccaroseFructose, tinh bt, saccarose.Glucose, fructose, lactose. DGlucose, fructose, lactose.

- Cu 2. Tn khoa hc y ca Maltose l:1-2 D Glucosido D Glucose1-4 D Glucosido D Glucose1-4 D Glucosido D Glucose1-2 D Glucosido D GlucoseCU HI LNG GIB1-4 D Glucosido D Glucose

- Cu 3. Cc cht no sau y l Polysaccarid tp: Cellulose, tinh bt, heparinCondroitin sunfat, heparin, glycosaminglycanTinh bt, condroitin sunfat, heparinAcid hyaluronic, glycogen, celluloseCU HI LNG GIBCondroitin sunfat, heparin, glycosaminglycan

- Cu 4. Cc nhm cht sau y, nhm no c cu to phn nhnhCU HI LNG GIAmylopectin, GlycogenD

- Cu 5. Cng thc bn l cu to ca:CU HI LNG GILactoseB

- Cu 6. Phn ng Molish dng nhn bit:

Cc cht l acid aminCc cht l MonosaccharidCc cht c nhm cetonCc cht c nhm aldehydCU HI LNG GICc cht l MonosaccharidB

- Cu 7: Cc cht no sau y thuc nhm Polysaccarid thun:

Saccarose, Heparin, GlycogenFructose, Amylopectin, HeparinGlycogen, Condroitin Sulfat, HeparinGlycogen, Amylose, AmylopectinGlycogen, Amylose, AmylopectinCU HI LNG GIC

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