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DINEROIII() MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES DINEROIII()
NOMBRE
dineroIII - simuldor de !!"#$ %ersi&n III
S'NOPSIS
dineroIII - lo!*si+e -u uni,ied*!!"e*si+e -i
insru!ion*!!"e*si+e -d d*!!"e*si+e o"er*o/ions 0
DESCRIPCION
dineroIII is r!e-dri%en !!"e simulor " su//ors
su-lo! /l!emen. Simulion resuls re deermined 1
"e in/u r!e nd "e !!"e /rmeers. A r!e is ,in-
ie se2uen!e o, memor1 re,eren!es usull1 oined 1 "e
iner/rei%e e3e!uion o, /ro4rm or se o, /ro4rms.
5r!e in/u is red 1 "e simulor in din ,orm
(des!ried ler). C!"e /rmeers$ e.4. lo! si+e nd
sso!ii%i1$ re se 6i" !ommnd line o/ions (lso
des!ried ler). dinero uses "e /riori1 s! me"od
o, memor1 "ierr!"1 simulion o in!rese ,le3iili1 nd
im/ro%e simulor /er,ormn!e in "i4"l1 sso!ii%e !!"es.
One !n simule ei"er uni,ied !!"e (mi3ed$ d nd
insru!ions !!"ed o4e"er) or se/re insru!ion nd
d !!"es. 5"is %ersion o, dineroIII does no /ermi "e
simulneous simulion o, muli/le lerni%e !!"es.
dineroIII di,,ers ,rom mos o"er !!"e simulors e!use
i su//ors su-lo! /l!emen (lso no6n s se!or /l!e-
men) in 6"i!" ddress 4s re sill sso!ied 6i" !!"e
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lo!s u d is rns,erred o nd ,rom "e !!"e in
smller su-lo!s. 5"is or4ni+ion is es/e!ill1 use,ul
,or on-!"i/ mi!ro/ro!essor !!"es 6"i!" "%e o lod d on
!!"e misses o%er limied numer o, /ins. In rdiionl
!!"e desi4n$ "is !onsrin leds o smll lo!s. Un,or-
unel1$ !!"e 6i" smll lo! de%oes mu!" more on-!"i/
RAM o ddress 4s "n does one 6i" lr4e lo!s. Su-
lo! /l!emen llo6s !!"e o "%e smll su-lo!s ,or
,s d rns,er nd lr4e lo!s o sso!ie 6i"
ddress 4s ,or e,,i!ien use o, on-!"i/ RAM.
5r!e-dri%en simulion is ,re2uenl1 used o e%luin4
memor1 "ierr!"1 /er,ormn!e. 5"ese simulions re re/e-
le nd llo6 !!"e desi4n /rmeers o e %ried so "
e,,e!s !n e isoled. 5"e1 re !"e/er "n "rd6re
moniorin4 nd do no re2uire !!ess o or "e e3isen!e o,
"e m!"ine ein4 sudied. Simulion resuls !n e
oined in mn1 siuions 6"ere nl1i! model soluions
re inr!le 6i"ou 2uesionle sim/li,1in4 ssum/-
ions. Fur"er$ "ere does no !urrenl1 e3is n1 4en-
erll1 !!e/ed model ,or /ro4rm e"%ior$ le lone one
" is suile ,or !!"e e%luion7 6orlods in r!e-
dri%en simulion re re/resened 1 sm/les o, rel 6or-
lods nd !onin !om/le3 emedded !orrelions " s1n-
"ei! 6orlods o,en l!. Lsl1$ r!e-dri%en
simulion is 4urneed o e re/reseni%e o, les
one /ro4rm in e3e!uion.
dineroIII reds r!e in/u in din ,orm ,rom sdin. A din
re!ord is 6o-u/le lel ddress. E!" line o, "e r!e
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,ile mus !onin one din re!ord. 5"e res o, "e line is
i4nored so " !ommens !n e in!luded in "e r!e ,ile.
5"e lel 4i%es "e !!ess 1/e o, re,eren!e.
8 red d.
9 6rie d.
: insru!ion ,e!".
; es!/e re!ord (reed s unno6n !!ess 1/e).
< es!/e re!ord (!uses !!"e ,lus").
5"e ddress is "e3de!iml 1e-ddress e6een 8 nd
,,,,,,,, in!lusi%el1.
C!"e /rmeers re se 1 !ommnd line o/ions. Prme-
ers lo!*si+e nd ei"er uni,ied*!!"e*si+e or o"
d*!!"e*si+e nd insru!ion*!!"e*si+e mus e s/e!i-
,ied. O"er /rmeers re o/ionl. 5"e su,,i3es =$ M nd
G muli/l1 numers 1 98:
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mus e +ero. I, +ero$ im/l1in4 se/re insru!ion
nd d !!"es 6ill e simuled$ o"
insru!ion*!!"e*si+e nd d*!!"e*si+e mus e se
o /osii%e %lues. De,uls o 8.
-i insru!ion*!!"e*si+e
ses "e insru!ion !!"e si+e in 1es (e.4.
-i9@;
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ses "e !!"e re/l!emen /oli!1. lid re/l!emen
/oli!ies re l (LRU)$ , (FIFO)$ nd r (RANDOM).
De,uls o LRU (i.e. -rl).
-, ,e!"*/oli!1
ses "e !!"e ,e!" /oli!1. Demnd-,e!" (d)$ 6"i!"
,e!"es lo!s " re needed o ser%i!e !!"e
re,eren!e$ is "e mos !ommon ,e!" /oli!1. All o"er
,e!" /oli!ies re me"ods o, /re,e!"in4. Pre,e!"in4
is ne%er done ,er 6ries. 5"e /re,e!" r4e is
deermined 1 "e -/ o/ion nd 6"e"er su-lo!
/l!emen is enled.
d demnd-,e!" 6"i!" ne%er /re,e!"es.
l61s-/re,e!" 6"i!" /re,e!"es ,er e%er1
demnd re,eren!e.
m miss-/re,e!" 6"i!" /re,e!"es ,er e%er1
demnd miss.
44ed-/re,e!" 6"i!" /re,e!"es ,er "e ,irs
demnd miss o (su)-lo!. 5"e ne3 6o /re,e!"
o/ions 6or onl1 6i" su-lo! /l!emen.
l lod-,or6rd-/re,e!" (su-lo! /l!emen onl1)
6ors lie /re,e!"-l61s 6i"in lo!$ u i 6ill
no em/ o /re,e!" su-lo!s in o"er lo!s.
S su-lo!-/re,e!" (su-lo! /l!emen onl1)
6ors lie /re,e!"-l61s 6i"in lo! e3!e/ 6"en
re,eren!es ner "e end o, lo!. A "is /oin
su-lo!-/re,e!"es re,eren!es 6ill 6r/ round 6i"in
"e !urren lo!.
De,uls o demnd-,e!" (i.e. -,d).
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-/ /re,e!"*disn!e
ses "e /re,e!" disn!e in su-lo!s i, su-lo!
/l!emen is enled or in lo!s i, i is no. A
/re,e!"*disn!e o, 9 mens " "e ne3 se2uenil
(su)-lo! is "e /oenil r4e o, /re,e!".
De,uls o 9 (i.e. -/9).
-P or*/re,e!"*/er!en
ses "e /er!en4e o, /re,e!"es " re ored.
5"is !n e used o e3mine "e e,,e!s o, d re,er-
en!es lo!in4 /re,e!" re,eren!es ,rom re!"in4
s"red !!"e. De,uls o no /re,e!"es ored (i.e.
-P8).
-6 6rie*/oli!1
sele!s one o, 6o "e !!"e 6rie /oli!ies. rie-
"rou4" (6) u/des min memor1 on ll 6ries. Co/1-
! (!) u/des min memor1 onl1 6"en dir1 lo! is
re/l!ed or "e !!"e is ,lus"ed. De,uls o !o/1-
! (i.e. -6!)
-A 6rie*llo!ion*/oli!1
sele!s 6"e"er (su)-lo! is loded on 6rie
re,eren!e. rie-llo!e (6) !uses (su)-lo!s o
e loded on ll re,eren!es " miss. Non-6rie-
llo!e (n) !uses (su)-lo!s o e loded onl1 on
non-6rie re,eren!es " miss. De,uls o 6rie-
llo!e (i.e. -A6).
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-D deu4*,l4
used 1 im/lemenor o deu4 simulor. A deu4*,l4
o, 8 disles deu44in47 9 /rins "e /riori1 s!s
,er e%er1 re,eren!e7 nd : /rins "e /riori1
s!s nd /er,ormn!e meri!s ,er e%er1 re,eren!e.
Deu44in4 in,ormion m1 e use,ul o "e user o
undersnd "e /re!ise menin4 o, ll !!"e /rmeer
sein4s. De,uls o no-deu4 (i.e. -D8).
-o ou/u*s1le
ses "e ou/u s1le. 5erse-ou/u (8) /rins resuls
onl1 "e end o, "e simulion run. erose-ou/u
(9) /rins resuls "l,-million re,eren!e in!remens
nd "e end o, "e simulion run. Bus-ou/u (:)
/rins n ou/u re!ord ,or e%er1 memor1 us rns,er.
Bus*nd*snoo/-ou/u (;) /rins n ou/u re!ord ,or
e%er1 memor1 us rns,er nd !len su-lo! " is
re/l!ed. De,uls o erse-ou/u (i.e. -o8). For
us-ou/u$ e!" us re!ord is si3-u/le?
BUS: re ,our lierl !"r!ers o sr us re!ord
!!ess is "e !!ess 1/e ( r ,or us-red$ 6 ,or
us-6rie$ / ,or us-/re,e!"$ s ,or snoo/ !i%i1
(ou/u s1le ; onl1).
si+e is "e rns,er si+e in 1es
ddress is "e3de!iml 1e-ddress e6een 8 nd
,,,,,,,, in!lusi%el1
re,eren!e*!oun is "e numer o, demnd re,eren!es
sin!e "e ls us rns,er
insru!ion*!oun is "e numer o, demnd insru!ion
,e!"es sin!e "e ls us rns,er
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- si/*!oun
ses "e numer o, r!e re,eren!es o e si//ed
e,ore e4innin4 !!"e simulion. De,uls o none
(i.e. -8).
-+ m3imum*!oun
ses "e m3imum numer o, r!e re,eren!es o e /ro-
!essed ,er si//in4 "e r!e re,eren!es s/e!i,ied 1
si/*!oun . Noe$ re,eren!es 4enered 1 "e simul-
or no red ,rom "e r!e (e.4. /re,e!" re,eren!es)
re no in!luded in "is !oun. De,uls o 98 million
(i.e. -+98888888).
- ,lus"*!oun
ses "e numer o, re,eren!es e6een !!"e ,lus"es.
Cn e used o !rudel1 simule muli/ro4rmmin4.
De,uls o no ,lus"in4 (i.e. -8).
FILES
do!." !onins ddiionl /ro4rmmer do!umenion.
SEE ALSO
Mr D. ill nd Aln H1 Smi"$ E3/erimenl E%luion o,
On-C"i/ Mi!ro/ro!essor C!"e Memories$ Pro!. Ele%en" Iner-
nionl S1m/osium on Com/uer Ar!"ie!ure$ Hune 9
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BUGS
No ll !ominion o, o/ions "%e een "orou4"l1 esed.
AU5OR
Mr D. ill
Com/uer S!ien!es De/.
9:98 es D1on S.
Uni%. o, is!onsin
Mdison$ I J;K8@
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