Download pdf - Em Brio Genetic

7/28/2019 Em Brio Genetic

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BIOPSYCULBIOPSYCUL MODULEMODULEDisusunDisusun oleholeh IwangIwang YusufYusuf


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Kemudian, kami jadikan saripati itu air mani (yang disimpan) dalam

tempat yang kokoh (rahim)

Al Muminuun, 13

Kemudian, kami jadikan saripati itu air mani (yang disimpan) dalam

tempat yang kokoh (rahim)

Al Muminuun, 13

Kemudian air mani itu kami jadikan segumpal darah, lalu segumpal darah

itu kami jadikan segumpal daging, dan segumpal daging itu kami jadikantulang belulang, lalu tulang belulang itu kami bungkus dengan daging,

kemudian kami jadikan dia makhluk yang (berbentuk) lain. Maka Maha

Sucilah Allah, Pencipta yang paling baik.

Al Muminuun 14

Kemudian air mani itu kami jadikan segumpal darah, lalu segumpal darah

itu kami jadikan segumpal daging, dan segumpal daging itu kami jadikantulang belulang, lalu tulang belulang itu kami bungkus dengan daging,

kemudian kami jadikan dia makhluk yang (berbentuk) lain. Maka Maha

Sucilah Allah, Pencipta yang paling baik.

Al Muminuun 14


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Sesungguhnya kami telah menciptakan manusia dari setetes mani yang

bercampur (laki-laki dan perempuan) yang kami hendak mengujinya

(dengan perintah dan larangan), karena itu kami jadikan dia mendengar

dan melihat.

Al Insaan 2

Sesungguhnya kami telah menciptakan manusia dari setetes mani yang

bercampur (laki-laki dan perempuan) yang kami hendak mengujinya

(dengan perintah dan larangan), karena itu kami jadikan dia mendengar

dan melihat.

Al Insaan 2

Apakah Manusia mengira, bahwa ia akan dibiarkan begitu saja

(tanpa pertanggung jawaban) ?

Al Qiyaamaah 36

Apakah Manusia mengira, bahwa ia akan dibiarkan begitu saja

(tanpa pertanggung jawaban) ?

Al Qiyaamaah 36


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Bukankah duhulu ia setetes mani yang ditumpahkan (ke dalam

rahim)

Al Qiyaamah 37

Bukankah duhulu ia setetes mani yang ditumpahkan (ke dalam

rahim)

Al Qiyaamah 37

Kemudian mani itu menjadi segumpal darah, lalu Allah

menciptakannya dan menyempurnakannya

Al Qiyaamah 38

Kemudian mani itu menjadi segumpal darah, lalu Allah

menciptakannya dan menyempurnakannya

Al Qiyaamah 38


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Lalu Allah menjadikan daripadanya sepasang laki-laki dan

perempuan

Al Qiyaamah 39

Lalu Allah menjadikan daripadanya sepasang laki-laki dan

perempuan

Al Qiyaamah 39


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Fertilization


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PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

The Germinal Stage Day 1 to 14

Time fromfertilization to fullimplantation

The Germinal Stage

Zygote divides once in the first 36 hours

Then every 12 - 15 hours, divides again

3 day trip down the fallopian tube

In the uterus, it differentiates into layers

Now called a blastocyst, it has about 100 cells

The blastocyst finds a landing spot on the upper part of theuterus and implants

the cells then proliferate to form the placenta

The Embryonic Stage

The Fetal Stage

Cleavage


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72 hours post-

fertilization

entering uterus


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~ 16 cell stage

Develops ~ 72hours (3 days)

from

fertilization

Morula enters

the uterus ~

after 3 days in

oviduct

Morula

Morula, once entering

the uterine cavity, floats

freely

Morula begins to

accumulate fluid and

forms a cavity between

its cells

Once cavity appears, it is

now called a blastocyst.

Evolves from morula on day

5


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hCG is human chorionic gonadotropin

It is produced by the trophoblasts starting on day 6

hCG is a hormone

hCG causes endometrium of uterus to grow and

proliferate

hCG prevents the menstrual cycle from occuring

This is why a female misses her periods when she is

pregnant

hCG is produced

Implantation


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Two Distinct Cell Types

1. Trophoblasts

will form

the invading

placenta

2. Inner cell

mass cells

will form

the embryo

Inner cell mass

trophoblasts

Development


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The Embryonic Stage Week 3 to week 8

Fast paced forming ofthe major organs andbody structures

The Embryonic Stage

The neural tube formsto begin to differentiate into the

brain and spinal cord

Arm and leg buds appear and elongate, the heart

begins to pump

The outlines of eyes and ears appear

Feet, elbows, wrists and fingers begin to appear By week 8 the embryo is 1.5 inches long

The internal organs are in place and it looks human

The Fetal Stage

The Germinal Stage

Embryonic period is weeks 1-8

Fetal period begins on week 9 and goes until

birth at 38 weeks.

Embryonic period is characterized by

development of structures (organs).

Fetal period is characterized by growth of

those structures.

Embryo/Fetus


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The Fetal Stage Week 9 to birth

Growth, refinement,

constructing a brainThe Fetal Stage

The baby grows dramatically, the body structures are refined,

and most important the building blocks of the brain are fully

assembled

The neurons ascend to the top of the tube, reach their staging

area and begin to differentiate

The age of viability(earliest possible survival date) is about 22

weeks

In the last 2 months, the baby gains approximately 5 pounds

The Germinal Stage

The Embryonic Stage

Stage1(1st

day)

1. Male pronucleus

2. Female pronucleus

3. Doubled paternal centrosome

4. "Inner bodies"


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Stage 2 (2nd 3rd day)

1. Zona pellucida

2. Blastomere

3. Polar body

The axis (dashed) lies through the two future

(embryonic and abembryonic) poles. The

embryo is divided into right and left halves

(A and B).

Stage 3a (4th day)

1. Embryoblast

2. Zona pellucida

3. Trophoblast

4. Blastocyst cavity


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Stage 3b (5th day)

1. Decomposed zona pellucida with

hatching blastocyst

2. Trophoblast cells

3. Hypoblast

4. Blastocyst cavity

5. Epiblast

Stage 4 (6th day)

1. Epithelium of the uterine mucosa

2. Hypoblast

3. Syncytiotrophoblast4. Cytotrophoblast

5. Epiblast


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Stage 5a (7th 8th day)

1. Syncytiotrophoblast

2. Cytotrophoblast

3. Hypoblast

4. Epiblast

5

6

7

Blastocyst cavity

Amniotic cavity

Maternal blood vessels

Stage 5b (9th

day)

1

2

Lacunar trophoblast

Definitive amniotic cavity

3

4

Primary yolk sac

Maternal blood vessels


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Stage 5c (11th 13th day)

12

3

Extraembryonic mesoblastAmniotic cavity

Primary yolk sac

(= primary umbilical vesicle)

1

2

3

Extraembryonic mesoblast

Chorion cavity

Secundary yolk sac(= secundary

umbilical vesicle)

Stage 6 (17th

day)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

NB

Primitive groove

Primitive pit

Primitive node

Oropharyngeal membrane

Cardial plate

Cut edge of amniotic membrane

Mesoderm

Endoderm

Future cloacal membrane

1+2+3 = primitive streak


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Stage 7 (19th day;dorsal view)

1

23

4

Yolk sac

Primitive streakPrimitive node

Embryonic disk

Stage 8 (23

th

day)

1

2

3

4

Body stalk

Primitive streak

Embryonic disk

Cut edge of the amnion


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Stage 9 (25th day)

1

2

3

Primitive streak and primitive

groove

Neural folds


45

Neural grooveSomites

Stage 10a, 10b (28th day)

1

2a

3

4


Neural groove

Neural folds

Somites

2b

2c

2d

5

Neural tube

Caudal neuropore

Rostral neuropore

Yolk sac


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Stage 11 (29th day)

1. Neural tube

2. Caudal neuropore

3. Rostral neuropore that is just closing

4. Somites

5. 2. pharyngeal arch

6. 1. pharyngeal arch

Stage 12 (30

th

day)

1a. Maxillar process1b. Mandibular process

2. Second pharyngeal arch

3. Third pharyngeal arch

4. Somites

5. Neural tube

6. Heart

P : Prosencephalon (forebrain)

M : Mesencephalon (midbrain)

R : Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)


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Stage 13 (32th day)

1a.Maxillary process

1b.Mandibular process

2. Second pharyngeal arch

3. Third pharyngeal arch

4. Fourth pharyngeal arch

5. Somites

6. Buds of the upper extremities

7. Left cardiac ventricle

8. Left cardiac atrium

9. Body stalk

10.Embryonic tail

Stage 14 (33

th

day)

1.Telencephalon

2.Mesencephalon

3.Myelencephalon

4.Ocular primordium

5.Fourth ventricle

6.Cervical sinus

7.Mesonephric cord

8.Bud of the upper extremity

9.Bud of the lower extremity


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Stage 19 (46th day)

1.Liver prominence

2.Primordium of the eyelid

3.Eye

4.External acoustic meatus

5.Shoulder

6.Finger

7.Toes that are forming

8.Straightening of the trunk

Stage 20 (49th day)

1.Liver prominence

2.Primordium of the eyelid

3.Eye

4.Auditory canal

5.Elbow

6.Fingers

7.Toes being formed

8.Straightening of the trunk

9.Subcutaneous vessel network of the head

10.Cervical flexure


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Stage 21 (51th day)

1.Umbilical cord with physiologic hernia

2.Nose


4.Ear

5.Elbow6.Pronation of the hands (pink arrow)

7.Knee

8.Supination of the feet (blue arrow)

9.Toes

Stage 22 (53

th

day)

1.Umbilical cord with physiologic hernia

2.Nose


4.Ear

5.Elbow

6.Pronation of the hands

7.Knee

8.Supination of the feet

9.Well-developed toes

10.Remainder of the embryonic tail1.


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Stage 23 (56th day)

1.Umbilcal cord with hernia

2.Nose

3.Eye

4.Eyelid

5.Ear (a: tragus, b: antitragus )

6.Mouth7.Elbow

8.Finger

9.Toes

10.Atrophied embryonic tail bud

M : Telencephalon

C : DiencephalonBM : Mesencephalon

A : Metencephalon

B : Myelencephalon

Hj : Spinal cord


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