qarTvelobis gadasarCenad
# 58 (1 19) 16 marti 2010 s a x alxo mo Zr ao b a “ “s a m e gr elos “ org a no 5 0 T eTri
9
sergei kremliovi
lavrenti-beria _
meoce saukunis
saukeTeso menejeri
7
gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “saukeTeso safexburTo klubebi”
am wignis avtoris, korneli borozdinis samsaxureobrivi
kariera kavkasiaSi daiwyo. igi jer mTavarmarTeblis
kancelariaSi muSaobda, Semdeg ki (1854 wels) samegrelos
dedofalTan miavlines miwer-moweris sawarmoeblad da
misi Svilebis aRmzrdelad. 1858 wels dainiSna senakis
olqis ufrosad, sadac 1867 wlamde imsaxura. swored aq
gaecno igi samegrelos mosaxleobis yofas, romelic
sainteresod aRwera Tavis wignSi.
borozdinis mogonebebSi sakmaod vrclad aris
gadmocemuli osmaleTis jarebis mier samegrelos
awiokeba, romelic Semdeg rusma jariskacebma
alagmes. Temur qoriZe
“crvena
zvezda”,
belgradi,
iugoslavia
saqarTvelos
sagareo politika
da diplomatia
1918-1921 wlebSi
4
Cven
pirvelebi
varT...
12
www ilori.ge
mamuliSvilis
saintereso
wignis
Sesaxeb 6
ras niSnavs
sityva “europa
8
gazeTi gamodis 1999 wlidan
2
afxazeTis Rirseuli Svilebi
afxazebisTvisac daqarTvelebisTvisacerTnairad saamayo
adamiani11
megruli
poeziis
rafsodia
poeti laSa
gaxaria 5
gazeT “asaval-dasavalSi” gamoqveyn-
da interviu baton anzor SoniasTan, sa-
TauriT _ “Soniam somxebi gaaqro
kavkasiis ruqidan”...
iqve dabeWdili iyo mis wignSi
“kolxebi qarTvelebis winaprebi” mo-
Tavsebuli “kolxeTis (egrisis) samefos”
ruqa Zveli welTaRricxvis VI-V
saukuneebSi, romelic moicavda teri-
torias Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT
nawilidan kaspiis zRvamde, faqtobrivad
mTel samxreT kavkasias, xolo somxeTis
samefo saerTod ar iyo kavkasiaSi.
interviuSi naTqvami iyo, rom am epo-
qaSi somxebi jer kidev ar cxovrobdnen
kavkasiaSi.
_ batono anzor, ra reaqcia gamoiwvia
aRniSnulma intervium somxur sazoga-
doebaSi?
_ rogorc cnobilia, somxebi
qarTvelebisagan gansxvavebiT uyu-
radRebod ar toveben Tu raime iTqva
somxeTze, miT umetes uaryofiTi. wigni
jer dabeWdili ar iyo, rom daiwyo
rekvebi, etyoba stambaSi viRac somexi
muSaobda. yvelani erTmniSvnelovnad mi-
iCnevdnen, rom ruqa iyo araswori da
moiTxovdnen kavkasiis ruqaSi somx-
eTis Setanas. roca avuxseni, rom aR-
niSnuli ruqa Sedgenili iyo herodotes
(Z.w.aR. V sauk.) mixedviT, zarebi met-
naklebad Sewyda, magram garkveuli
drois Semdeg rekavs erTi somexi da
meubneba, rom herodote kavkasiis re-
gionSi mcxovreb xalxebs asaxelebs da
ara qveynebso. vupasuxe, rom herodote,
swored kavkasiaSi arsebul qveynebis
xalxebs asaxelebs da Tu somxebic maT
Soris iqnebodnen, bunebrivia, somxebic
moxvdebodnen kavkasiis regionSi. amis
Semdeg zarebi Sewyda, etyoba kon-
sultacia romeliRac somexi mec-
nierisgan aiRes da mixvdnen, rom am sak-
iTxze dava erTmniSvnelovnad maTTvis
arasasurveli SedegiT damTavrdeboda.
_ batono anzor, “asaval-dasavalSi”
gamoqveynebul intervius qarTuli sazo-
gadoebidanac araerTgvarovani gamox-
maureba mohyva, gaCnda kiTxvebi, gamoC-
ndnen oponentebic. Tqven ras gvetyodiT?
_ marTlac, wignis “kolxebi
qarTvelebis winaprebi” (Tb. 2007 w.)
gamoqveynebas garkveuli gamoxmaureba
hqonda, magram ZiriTadad dadebiTi. sx-
vaTaSoris, gazeT “iloris” gamomcem-
lebs ise moewonaT Cemi wigni, rom
mTlianad gamoaqveynes, aseve gamoaqveynes
Cemi narkvevi “Cveni qveynis saxelebi sx-
vadasxva epoqaSi”. amave gazeTSi gamo-
qveynda sazogadoeba “saqarTvelos pal-
adiumis” werili Cems wignze, saTauriT
“didi qarTuli wigni”, sadac naTqvami
iyo, rom naSromi “kolxebi qarTvelebis
winaprebi” warmoadgens yvela
qarTvelisaTvis samagido wigns, igi
didi ilias “saerTo niadagis Teoriis”
metad warmatebul ganviTarebas war-
moadgens. bunebrivia, es asec unda
yofiliyo, vinaidan erTaderTi var,
romelmac Sevadgine ruqa, sadac teri-
toria Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde, faq-
tobrivad, mTeli samxreT kavkasia Cveni
qveynis farglebSia moqceuli da erTm-
niSvnelovnad ganvacxade, rom qarTvel
xalxSi erTi eTnosis dominantia, yvela
qarTveli erTi jiSis, erTi genis WeS-
mariti qarTvelia. SeuZlebelia es
nebismier qarTvels ar gaxareboda.
_ batono anzor, es marTlac asea, ma-
gram zogierTma Semdegi mosazreba
gamoTqva: “anzor Soniam Tavis wignSi
“kolxebi qarTvelebis winaprebi” Se-
tanili ruqidan, ara mxolod somxeTi,
aramed TiTqmis yvela qarTuli kuTxe
gaaqro”-o. amaze ras gvetyviT?
_ Tqven warmoidgineT, rom me es ar
gamkvirvebia. samwuxarod, arian adami-
anebi, romelTac urCevniaT Zveli
welTaRricxvis VI-V saukuneebSi Cveni
qveynis teritoria Savi zRvidan kaspi-
is zRvamde ki ar yofiliyo, aramed misi
naxevari daekavebina, oRond mas “kolx-
eTis (egrisis) samefo” ki ar erqvas,
aramed im kuTxis saxeli, saidanac es
“vai-qarTvelia”. swored es aris aSkara
kuTxuri cnobiereba, romelmac saSineli
roli iTamaSa saqarTvelos istoriaSi.
me ki ar gavaqre qarTuli kuTxeebi
kavkasiidan, aramed im epoqis Cveni qvey-
nis sazRvrebSi movaqcie teritoria Savi
zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde, rac uprece-
dento movlenaa qarTul istori-
ografiaSi. samwuxarod, im epoqis “kolx-
eTis samefos” arc sazRvrebia cnobili
da arc realuri istoria arsebobs. mx-
olod es aris, rom “kolxeTis samefoSi”
ocze meti saxvadasxva dasaxelebis
tomi Sedioda: xaldebi, xalibebi, mesxe-
bi, manralebi, SkviTinebi, misimianebi,
drilebi, henioxebi, sanebi da a.S., magram
arc maTi gansaxlebis teritoriebia
cnobili.
bunebrivia, isini kolxebi iyvnen da sx-
vadasxva saxelebiT imitom oiwode-
bodnen, rom cxovrobdnen “kolxeTis
samefos” im kuTxeebSi, romlebsac es sax-
elebi erqvaT. rogorc qarTveli, aseve
ucxoeli mecnierebi miiCneven, rom Cvens
qveyanas Soreul warsulSi erqva
“iberia” da mosaxleobas “iberebi”.
garkveul istoriul movlenebTan
dakavSirebiT kavkasiidan iberebis
garkveuli nawili moxvda evropaSi, naw-
ili _ amerikis kontinentze. atyoba, am
movlenis Semdeg Cvens qveyanas daerqva
“kolxeTis samefo” da mosaxleobas
“kolxebi”. SesaZlebelia iberiis same-
foSi kolxuri tomic Sedioda, romlis
warmomadgenelic samefos saTaveSi moxv-
da da amitom daerqva “kolxeTis same-
fo”. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zveli welTaR-
ricxvis II aTaswleulis dasawyisidan,
realurad arsebobs “kolxeTis samefo”,
romelic Rirseul partniorobas uwev-
da im epoqis mowinave saxelmwifoebs.
samwuxarod, kimerielebis da sxvadasx-
va urdoebis Semosevebis Sedegad “kolx-
eTis samefom” arseboba Sewyvita (Zv. w.aR.,
VII sauk.), magram mis yofil teritori-
aze, Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde
Camoyalibda “egrisis samefo”
(daaxloebiT Zv. w.aR., VII-VI sauk.),
romelmac Secvala “kolxeTis samefo”.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTmniSvnelovnad
dadgenilis, rom kolxuri ena igive
megruli enaa da megrelebi kolxebis
uSualo memkvidreebi arian, magram
berZnebi “egrisis samefos” isev “kolx-
eTis samefod” moixseniebdnen. amdenad,
Cems wignSi moTavsebuli herodotes
mixedviT Sedgenili Cveni qveynis ruqa,
faqtobrivad, Zveli welTaRricxvis VI-
IV saukuneebis “egrisis samefos” ruqaa,
romelic metyvelebs imaze, rom teri-
toriaze Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde
cxovrobdnen megrelebi da gavrcele-
buli iyo megruli ena. bunebrivia,
“egrisis samefos” dasaxelebuli tome-
bi isev darCnen “egrisis samefos” Se-
madgenlobaSi, mxolod am epoqaSi isi-
ni megrul teritoriul jgufebs war-
moadgendnen da sxvadasxva saxelebiT
iwodebodnen imitom, rom cxovrobdnen
egrisis im kuTxeebSi, romlebsac es sax-
elebi erqvaT. am epoqaSi “megreli” zo-
gaderovnuli cneba iyo da megrul enas
saxelmwifo statusi hqonda. aRsaniS-
navia, rom “egrisis samefoSi” moxse-
niebuli teritoriuli jgufebis adg-
ilmdebareoba ucnobia, miT umetes, im
epoqaSi Cvens qveyanaSi TiTqmis arc
erTi is teritoriuli jgufi ar aris
moxseniebuli, romlebic axali welTaR-
ricxvis epoqaSi warmoCindnen qarTul
sinamdvileSi. swored aman ganapiroba,
rom Cveni qveynis im epoqis (Zv. w.aR., VI-
IV sauk.) ruqaze misi Semadgeneli kuTx-
eebi araa naCvenebi, Torem araviTar
gaqrobas adgili ar hqonia. ara da, amis-
Tana mkrexeluri azri SeiZleba mou-
vides gacs, romelsac warmodgena ara
aqvs Cveni qveynis istoriaze. sxvaTa
Soris, gamoqveynda Cemi broSura _
“Cveni qveynis saxelebi sxvadasxva epo-
qaSi”, sadac moTavsebulia Cveni qveynis
ruqebi sxvadasxva epoqaSi da yvela qar-
Tuli regioni Cans, Tanac imis mi-
TiTebiT, Tu romeli saukunidan war-
moCindnen isini qarTul sinamdvileSi.
_ erT-erTi oponenti, kaxeli kaci
movida CvenTan da sayveduri gamoTqva:
matoni anzori brZanebs, rom dRevandeli
kaxeTis teritoria yofili hereTis ter-
itoriaa da radganac hereTi “albaneTis
samefos” dasavleTi nawilia, TiTqos kax-
elebi albanebis uSualo STamomavlebi
varT, xolo albanebi megrelebi yofi-
lan.
_ damerwmuneT, es me ar miTqvams, amas
istoria ambobs _ rogorc cnobilia,
Zveli welTaRricxvis IV-III saukuneeb-
Si “egrisis (kolxeTis) samefo” daiSala
da mis aRmosavleT nawilSi war-
moCindnen iberiisa da albaneTis same-
foebi. ram ganapiroba axali samefos-
aTvis albaneTis darqmeva, ucnobia, magram,
etyoba, iberiis darqmeva ganapiroba
iman, rom Soreul warsulSi Cvens
qveyanas iberia erqva, rac albaT xalx-
is maxsovrobas SemorCa. rasTan iyo es
movlena dakavSirebuli, ucnobia, magram,
radgan isini “egrisis samefos” teri-
toriaze warmoCindnen, sadac cx-
ovrobdnen megruli teritoriuli
jgufebi, iberebic da albanebic
megrelebi iyvnen, ufro zustad, iberiaSi
mcxovreb megrels daerqva iberi da al-
baneTSi mcxovrebs _ albani.
am epoqaSi (Zv. w.aRr.VI-III sauk.) cne-
ba “megrels” zogaderovnuli
mniSvneloba hqonda, mis qveS moiazre-
boda nebismieri kuTxis mkvidri, iseve,
rogorc dRes aqvs cneba qarTvels.
saqarTvelos istoria faqtobrivad
egrisisa da iberiis samefoebis isto-
riaa, swored maTi gaerTianebiT (XI s.)
safuZveli Caeyara erTian “saqarTvelos
samefos”, xolo, samwuxarod, albaneTi
adreve mowyda qarTul sinamdviles _ V
saukuneSi albaneTis samefo sparsebma
daipyres da iq mefoba gaauqmes, VII
saukuneSi arabebma daipyres, xolo X-XI
saukuneebSi Turq-selCukebma, romlebmac
ganaxorcieles albanebis sruli asim-
ilireba-gaTurqeba. SemdgomSi albaneTis
yofil teritoriaze sxvadasxva saxa-
noebi Camoyalibdnen, romelTa terito-
riaze dRes ZiriTadad azerbaijania.
samwuxarod, albaneTis raobaze da al-
banebis vinaobaze qarTul istori-
ografiaSi fundamenturi masala ar
arsebobs. marTalia, qarTveli mec-
nierebi miiCneven, rom albanebi
qarTvelebis monaTesave erTmorwmune
xalxi iyo, magram, ratomRac, Zieba amaze
Sors ar wasula. amJamad albanebis
vinaobaze aRmoCenilia wyaro, romlis ms-
gavsi iSviaTia istoriaSi _ arsebobs IX
saukunis bizantiuri enciklopedia,
sadac erTmniSvnelovnad weria _ “al-
banebi megrelebi arian”. aseTive azrisaa
bizantieli swavluli evdokia (XI s.) da
es maSin, rodesac dasavleT saqarTve-
los erTian samefos bizantielebi
lazikis samefod moixseniebdnen, xolo
megrelebs lazebad, magram etyoba,
bizantielma swavlulebma icodnen, rom
lazebi megrelebi iyvnen, rac wyaros re-
aluribaze metyvelebs. etyoba, IX-XI
saukuneebSic ki albaneTSi SemorCenili
iyo megruli ena, vinaidan swored enis
faqtorma aTqmevina bizantiel
swavlulebs, rom albanelebi megrelebi
iyvnen. rogorc cnobilia, albaneTis
samefos dasavleTi regioni iyo hereTi,
romelic iberiis (qarTlkis) samefos Se-
madgenlobaSia V saukunidan. etyoba
herebma Tavi daaRwies sparseTs da
moZme iberebs SeuerTdnen. sxvaTa Soris,
cnobili mecnieri ioseb yifSiZe Tavis
wignSi _ “megruli (iberiuli) enis gra-
matika” (s/pet. 1924w.) asaxelebs megrul
toponimebs, gamoTqmebs, megruli enis
nakvalevs hereTis erT-erT regionSi,
saingiloSi. teritoriulad hereTi
moicavda, faqtobrivad, TiTqmis mTel im
teritorias, romelsac dRes kaxeTi
hqvia. kaxeTi saqarTvelos erTian epo-
qamde mdebareobda mTiuleTSi,
daaxloebiT dRevandeli mTianeTis re-
gionSi. dadgenilia, rom qalaqi Telavi
arsebobs II saukunidan, magram amis
mauwyebeli wyaro adasturebs _ Telavi
albaneTis dasavleT regionis hereTis
qalaqi iyo. istoriidan mtkicdeba, rom
hereTi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda
iberiis (qarTlis) cxovrebaSi. marTlac,
herebma didi roli iTamaSes qarTveli
eris CamoyalibebaSi, razedac metyvelebs
is garemoeba, rom herebis eTnarqi
“herosi” aRiarebulia qarTvelebis erT-
erT eTnarqad “qarTlosTan” da
“egrosTan” erTad. iberiis (qarTlis)
samefos SemadgenlobaSi hereTi jer iyo
samTavro, SemdgomSi misgan damoukide-
beli samefo, xolo XI saukuneSi kax-
eTisa da hereTis samefoebi gaerTiand-
nen da erTian saqarTvelos epoqaSi (XI-
XII s.s.) hereTic ukve moixsenieba kax-
eTis regionad. bunebrivia, herebi, ro-
gorc albaneTis samefos teritoriuli
jgufis warmomadgenlebi, megrelebi iyv-
nen da radganac dRevandeli kaxelebi
ZiriTadad herebi arian, isinic
megrelebis STamomavlebi arian. amdenad
oponents SeiZleba vupasuxoT, rom es re-
aluri istoriaa, magram sakiTxavia, opo-
nenti raRa hereTs da herebs miadga,
maSin, rodesac Cems wignSi “kolxebi
qarTvelebis winaprebi” erTm-
niSvnelovnad weria _ Cveni qveynis nebis-
mieri kuTxis warmomadgenlebi, eseni
iqnebian qarTlelebi, kaxelebi, imerlebim
gurulebi, svanebi, aWarlebi Tu sxvebi,
kolxebis, igive megrelebis STamo-
mavlebi da WeSmariti qarTvelebi ari-
an. yovelive es realuri istoriaa. marT-
lac, rodesac kolxeTis (egrosis) same-
fos aRmosavleT nawilSi warmoCndnen
iberiis da albaneTis samefoebi (Zv.w.aR.
IV-III s.s.), maT safuZveli Cauyares am
teritoriaze mcxovrebma megrulma ter-
itoriulma jgufebma da, rpgprc zemod
aRvniSne, am epoqidan iberiaSi mcxovreb
megrels daerqva iberi, xolo albaneT-
Si mcxovrebs _ albani, miT umetes, Zveli
welTaRricxvis epoqaSi Cveni qveynis
kuTxeebs is saxelebi ar erqvaT, rom-
lebic Cveni welTaRricxvis epoqaSi
hqviaT. sxvaTa Soris, kaxeli kacisTvis
miuRebelia Turme megrelebis STamo-
mavloba, magram arafers ambobs imaze,
rom azerbaijanelebi pretenzias acx-
adeben daviT garejze, vinaidan mas al-
banelebis mier aSenebulad miiCneven da
radganac isini Turqebisa da al-
banelebis STamomavlebad iTvlebian,
Txouloben daviT garejs azerbai-
janelebi moemsaxuron. swored am kat-
egoriis xalxi aZlevs maT safuZvels
daviT garejze pretenzia ganacxadon.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, vin ras fiqrobs, amas
ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba, vinaidan
es aris qarTuli eTnosis obieqturi is-
toria. minda mivmarTo qarTul sazo-
gadoebas:
_ batonebo! araferia sagangaSo imaSi,
rom qarTuli eTnosis saTaveebTan
megrelebi aRmoCndebian, kaxelebi,
qarTlelebi Tu sxva qarTuli teri-
toriuli jgufis warmomadgenlebi,
aramed mTavaria, rom yvelani erTi eT-
nosis, erTi genis da jiSis, erTi enisa
da sarwmunoebis, saerTo qarTuli cno-
bierebis mqone WeSmariti qarTvelebi
varT.
anzor Sonia, “fazisi” akademiis namdvili wevri
qarTvelebi erTi eTnosis xalxia
16 marti 2010 ilori2
Zalze gagvaxara zugdidis akaki
wereTlis saxelobis #1 sajaro sko-
lis mesveurTa da moswavleTa ini-
ciativam _ 2009 wlis dekemberSi maT
gamosces SesaniSnavad gaformebuli
Jurnali “Cven pirvelebi”, romlis
mizania moswavleTa niWis gamovlena,
sazogadoebasTan TanamSromloba,
maswavleblis, moswavlis da mSoblis
azrTa urTierTgaziareba. gazafxulis
am mercxlis gamoCenisTanave, Jurnalis
mTavari redaqtori qalbatoni naTia
jguSia yvelas ulocavs Jurnalis
daarsebas da gamoTqvams Rrma rwmenas,
rom mis furclebze mravali Rirseuli
Taoba datovebs Tavis kvals da
gaikafavs gzas bednieri momavlisaken.
saxalxo moZraoba “samegrelo” da
gazeT “iloris” redaqcia savsebiT
eTanxmebian qalbaton naTias mosazre-
bas da Tvlis, rom amgvari perioduli
gamocemebis siWarbe sazogadoebas di-
dad daexmareba Rirseuli patriotebiT
SevsebaSi, rac TavisTavad Seamcirebs
xelisuflebaSi mokalaTebul man-
qurTTa ricxvsa da saqarTvelos
dasaSlelad da sabolood dasangre-
vad daqiravebulTa Zalisxmevas, rac
did safrTxes uqadis Cvens mraval-
tanjul mamuls, enasa da sarwmunoebas...
aRniSnuli skolis damoukide-
blobam, gamWvirvaleobam da saja-
roobam misca saSualeba skolas,
daearsebina Jurnali, romlis ganxor-
cielebis ideac skolis direqtoris
movaleobis Semsrulebels baton
Tamaz Tordias ekuTvnis. aseve didi am-
agi dasdes Jurnalis gamocemis saqmes
skolis direqtoris pirvelma moadg-
ilem qalbatonma lali Sanavam da
TviT skolis mosawavleebma, romlebmac
SeurCies saxelwodeba “Cven pirvelebi”.
es ki imas niSnavs, rom Jurnalis
daarsebis iniciatorebi zugdidis
pirveli sajaro skolis moswavleebi
arian da es marTlac pirvelia
saqarTvelos skolaTa Soris, visac
dReidan sakuTari perioduli sain-
formacio-literaturuli gamocema
eqneba.
Jurnals dafuZvnebas ulocaven am
skolis yofili moswavle, amJamad pen-
sioneri valiko kemularia, zugdidis
municipalitetis gamgeobis ganaTlebis,
kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis,
axalgazrdul saqmeTa samsaxuris
ufrosi madona jabua, skolis kurs-
damTavrebulebi nineli WiTanava, daviT
fifia, jimSer Serozia, Teona logua,
zugdidis macxovris karis eklesiis
winamZRvari, dekanozi giorgi (jguSia),
skolis sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomare
marine Tirqia, pedagogi nona goginava
da sxvebi.
aqvea dabeWdili mogoneba SesaniSnav
moqalaqeebsa da pedagogebze: qal-
legendaze, skolis yofil direqtorze
qalbaton luiza cimintiaze, da aseve
yofil direqtorze SoTa xubulavaze,
romelTa naTel xsovnas mowiwebiT in-
axavs ara mxolod samegrelos mravali
Taoba.
Cven ki gansakuTrebiT gagvaxara im
garemoebam, rom Jurnalis avtorTa
Soris sakmaod didi adgili ukavia
Cveni “veterani” avtoris, 15 wlis gior-
gi (gia) gobeCias Semoqmedebas. misi mok-
le biografia da leqsebi Cven amas
winaT warvudgineT “iloris” mk-
iTxvelebs. axla ki didi siamovnebiT
gTavazobT axalgazrda Semoqmedis
gigla gobeCias prozaul Canaxats da
TaTia jiblaZis werils “afxaz Tana-
tolebTan”, romlebic gamoqveynebulia
Jurnal “Cven pirvelebi”-s pirvel
nomerSi.
adami Ze uflisa
uiRblo da ucnobi poeti adami
susxian Rames gareT iyo. cioda magram
ra eqna. adams saxlic hqonda da nor-
maluri saSualebac, magram sami wlis
win dayida mTeli qoneba da aTas
sisuleleSi daxarja. exla imkis
kidec Tavisas...
zedmetad moWarbebuli Tavdajere-
ba imis mimarT, rom potenciuri da ge-
niosi poeti iyo bavSvobidanve moyve-
boda, magram adamma mxolod Tavis
patara qalaqSi gaiTqva saxeli, ro-
gorc aranormaluri, giJpoeta. sxvaTa
Soris isic unda aRiniSnos, rom mis
leqsebs skolis axalgazrdoba itaceb-
da, mobilurebiT vrceldeboda. misi
leqsebi yvelam icoda, rom es adami iyo,
gvari ki miviwyebuli hqondaT...
adamma Tavisi qoneba imitom dayida,
rom Zalian undoda Raribi yofiliyo...
misi warmodgeniT Raribi adamiani
ufro metad mdidaria sulierad, vidre
SeZlebuli... aseve am saqmeSi xels isic
uwyobda, rom did poetTa umravleso-
ba Rarib-Rataki iyo da Tavisi azriT
swored siRaribeSia poetTa warmatebis
saidumlo.
adami sxva mgosnebisagan gansx-
vavebiT papiross ar eweoda. amas
Semdegi filosofia edo safuZvlad:
Cveni cxovreba imdenad moklea, rom ar
Rirs ufro metad SevamokloT.
adami yvelaferSi pirdapiri iyo. igi
Tvlida, rom: pirdapiroba adamianebs
saSualebas aZlevs adaptaciaSi ama Tu
im sakiTxTan da naklebad mtkivneulia
misi Sedegebi vidre arapirdapirobis,
romelic uTuod erTxel gamJRavndeba...
amis gamo zogs uyvars, zogs ara.
radgan vis uxaris yovelTvis
simarTlia mosmena. adamians lamazi
tyuili ufro uxaria vidre sazareli
simarTle. adami pirdapiri rom iyo ar-
niSnavs, rom tyuilebi ar uyvarda, ma-
gram adami amtkicebda: Cemi tyuilebi
aravis vnebs. me vambob vityuebi, radgan
poeti var da tyuilebis SeTxzva Cemi
profesiaa. ufro metic, igi sasarge-
bloa adamianis sulieri janmrTelo-
bisaTvis. is kiTxulobs Cems nawerebs.
gaocebaSi mohyavs saocar ambavs. mere
ra, rom tyuilia. igi mas Tavis cx-
ovrebaSi iyenebs da iZens gamocdile-
bas... ase rom, Cemi tyuilic odesRac
viRacis xelSi simarTled gadaiqceva.
adams siyvarulTan dakavSirebiTac
hqonda Tavisebuli Sexeduleba. mi-
uxedavad imisa, rom arasodes hyvarebia,
is ambobda: siyvaruli erTi wignia da
rogorc mogexsenebaT ar arsebobs
iseTi wigni, rom masSi saintereso ram
ar moiZebnos. me vemijnebi im eposur
gadmonaSTs TiTqosda siyvaruli
araamqveyniuria. diaxac rom aseTi
lamazi imitomaa, rom amqveyniuria. Cven,
adamianebma, unda viswavloT uflis-
mieri qveynis pativiscema. Cven TviTonve
viqmniT jojoxeTs aq. modiT yvelam
movindomoT siyvaruliT da gana
dedamiwaze ar SeiZleba SevqmnaT ede-
mi...
adams Tavisi damokidebuleba hqon-
da omTan dakavSirebiT: Carlz darvi-
ni bolomde ar cdeboda, adamianebs
maimunis STamomavlebs rom uwodebda.
me es gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT mesmis.
gana omebi raa, Tu ara gadmonaSTi Cveni
cxoveluri instinqtisa. erTmaneTis
Wama da Cxubi cxovelebis saqmea...
SesaniSnavi saSualeba _ ena gviboZa
ufalma, rom erTmaneTisa gagvego. Cven
ki yurebi SlamiT amovivseT da erT-
maneTis ar gvesmis... erTi adamiani Tu
eri arasodes SeiZleba iyos bolomde
marTali an pirwmindad mtyuani. me
moviTxov: msoflio liderebi, ukle-
bliv yvela nacionalobisa da rasisa,
Seikribos da ise moiqcnen, rom yvela
erTi sikeTiT damuxton. ar gegonoT
globalizaciis momxre var. piriqiT,
Cemze didi nacionali ar meguleba
qveyanaze... adams aqac hqonda Tavisi
Sexeduleba: ar miyvars sityva patri-
oti. arseboben saqarTveloSi eriskace-
bi, jariskacebi da samRvdeloebis
pirebi. me aSkarad eriskaci var...
mocemuli nawerebidan sakmaod
didi STabeWdileba SegiqmeniT
adamze. is ufro metad filosofosi
gaxldaT, vidre poeti. Tavis erT
leqsSi wers:
wuTisoflidan warmavali waval
odesme,
me is madardebs ras davtoveb, xsovnis
furcelad,
mxolod sami msurs, am qveynidan, rom
wavitano:
Cemi leqsebi, siyvaruli, Tavisufleba.
adami Zalian bevrs fiqrobda
amqveyniurisa da imqveyniuris raobaze
da urTierTdapirispirebebze. us-
amarTlobad miaCnda is, rom arafris
waReba ar SeuZlia. Tumca, igic xom
arafriT movida am qveyanaze... magram
bednierebad miaCnia is, rom SeuZlia da-
tovos aq rame, aqauri monagari aqve
unda darCeso, ambobda igi...
ukvdavebis saidumlo swored eg
aris _ me da Cemi nawerebi vic-
ocxlebT sxvis fiqrebSi. adre Tu
erTi Tavi mqonda, sikvdilis Semdeg
uamravis TavSi CavZvrebi...
adams swamda, rom sikvdilis Semdeg
uTuod daafasebdnen, radgan micvale-
buli ufro metad fasobso, ambobda is...
adami wels Seyvarebulia, pirvelad
ganicdis am grZnobas da, ai, rogor aR-
wers mas: bavSvi yvelafers ufrose-
bisagan swavlobs, ecnoba samyaros,
xolo didebi siyvaruls patarebis-
agan vswavlobT, radgan swored siy-
varulis dros emsgavseba bavSvs da
masaviT iqcevao... Cemi pirveli siy-
varuli, pirveli nanaxi Tovlia da
mTeli zamTari axali welia CemTvis...
siyvaruli adre marto hormonebi meg-
ona, axla ki ufals ara marto
fiqrisaTvis, aramed siyvarulis Seg-
rZnebis mocemisaTvis vuxdi mad-
lobas.
sul raRac ori Tu sami dRe darCa
zamTramde. Ramea da civa adamsac,
romelic axla gareT dgas da Tavisi
didebiT aris mTvrali.
giorgi gobeCia
werili afxaz Tanatolssalami, Cemo Zvirfaso afxazo mego-
baro!
yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom
qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris daZ-
abuli urTierTobaa, magram, miuxedavad
amisa, mainc Cems megobrad gTvli da
minda Cvens saerTo tkivilze ise gu-
laxdilad gesaubro, rogorc didi
xnis uaxloes megobars.
adre afxazeTsa da saqarTvelos
Soris samagaliTo urTierToba iyo,
maT urTierTobaze uamravi leqsi Se-
qmnila. erT-erTi maTgania SoTa niS-
nianiZis “afxazuri kantata”, sadac
yvelaferi naTlad aris gadmocemuli:
marTlac rom ase iyo. qarTveli da
afxazi xalxi erTmaneTs mudam gverd-
Si edga, exmareboda WirSic da lxin-
Sic. roca erTs uWirda, meore mis
dasaxmareblad garboda da Zal-Rones
ar iSurebda, Tavs ar zogavda
amisaTvis. dasanania, rom es axlac ase
ar xdeba da amaSi orive mxarea
damnaSave, afxaznic da qarTvelnic.
Tumca, xeli ar unda CaviqnioT da far-
xmali ar unda davyaroT, unda vecadoT,
Zveli urTierTobebi ganvaaxloT da
gavaumjobesoT.
garda saerTo tkivilisa, Cven,
qarTvelebsa da afxazebs, sarwmunoe-
bac gvaerTianebs. marTalia, arian
sxva sarwmunoebis mimdevrebic, ma-
gram oficialurad es ori eri marTl-
madidebeli qristianobis mimdevaria.
Tanamedrove afxazeTis qristianobas
adasturebs am regionSi arsebuli
qristianuli arqiteqtura da simbo-
lika.
“afxazi gogonas dRiurSi” erT afx-
az gogonas gadmocemuli aqvs Tavisi
grZnobebi da gancdebi im periodSi,
roca qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris
sastiki omi iyo gaCaRebuli, magram, mi-
uxedavad amisa, is mainc ar iyo gam-
borotebuli, arc qarTvelebi sZulda,
arc afxazebi da arc sxva erovnebis
xalxi. uyvarda, zlier uyvarda erTic
da meorec.
afxazeTi ganTqmulia floriTa da
fauniT, marTalia me iq arasdros vy-
ofilvar, magram ufrosebisgan gamigia
da suraTebic minaxavs. me aRtacebuli
var misi silamaziT da simSvenieriT.
guli Semtkiva, rom es umSvenieresi ter-
itoria saqarTvelos aRar ekuTvnis. ime-
di maqvs, rom es aboboqrebuli qariSx-
ali rodisme Cadgeba, dakargul teri-
toriebs davibrunebT moZme xalxTan er-
Tad, afxazsa da qarTvel xalxs Soris
isev Zveleburad kargi, megobruli da
samagaliTo urTierToba Camoyalibde-
ba. “megobroba cxovrebas amkobs. es
saTuTi yvavilia, erTi gaufrTxilebe-
li Sexeba da yvavili daWkneba”.
TaTia jiblaZe
Cven pirvelebi varT...
16 marti 2010 ilori 3
saqarTvelosaqarTvelos ca cremlad iRvreba,
yoveldRe tiris krwanisTan mtkvari,
es Cemi gulic ise imsxvreva,
rom var krwanisTan aTasjer mkv-
dari.
SoriT mosuli warsulis eqo
is Samqoridan basianamde,
es bazaleTi kisramde gveyo
da wiwamurTan vkvdebiT aqamde.
TiTqos mTawmindac muxlze
damdgara,
romlis saflavi ar dgas yiraze,
yvela devgmiri fexze amdgara
satanebis da mterTa jinaze.
cxireTs sveneba araras gvizams
jobs, rom mters davxvdeT martyofis
velze,
xom xedavT, miwa saocrad gminavs
da borkils vixsniT orive xelze.
wminda giorgi, wmidaTa wmida
kvlav gagviZRveba didgorze omad,
Tamar dedofal me SenTan minda
rusTvels Sevejibro Sendami xot-
bad.
giorgi gobeCia
wuTisoflidan warmavali waval odesme,
me is madardebs ras davtoveb, xsovnis furcelad,
mxolod sami msurs, am qveynidan, rom wavitano:
Cemi leqsebi, siyvaruli, Tavisufleba.
“qori wiwilas afxazeTSi
Tu itacebda,
hau, hauo gviyviria
samegreloSi...
erT cas, erT haers rogorc
unda, rodi vafasebT,
erTi mamali aRviZebda
odiS-afxazeTs”...
sergei kremliovi
beria _ XX saukunis saukeTeso
menejeri Targmani roland jalaRaniasi
4 ilori16 marti 2010
es ar gaxldaT TiTidan gamowovili
braldeba. es gaxldaT im wlebSi ga-
CaRebuli faruli omi sabWoTa kavSi-
ris winaaRmdeg.
sityvam moitana, da imasac aRvniSnavT,
rom TviT zakovski 1938 wels daapa-
timres da daxvrites germanelebsa da
polonelebTan mavnebluri kavSire-
bis gabmis braldebiT. magram zemoT-
moyvanili werili sruliadac ar aba-
Tilebs mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul
braldebas. upirvelesad, pso-s mxile-
bas axdenda ara zakovski, aramed be-
lorusi Cekistebi. meorec, pso-s ga-
nadgureba xels aZlevda germanelebs,
raTa SeemcirebinaT polonelTa gav-
lena ruseTSi mimdinare procesebze.
TavisTavad, belorusiis srulufle-
biani warmomadgenlis Setyobineba ko-
mentars ar saWiroebs.
amasTan, zakovski-Stubisis mimarT
wayenebuli braldeba sruliadac ar
gaxlavT SeTxzuli, miuxedavad imisa,
rom am pirovnebas sakmaod saxelova-
ni revoluciuri warsuli gaaCnda.
sxvaTa Soris, 1987 wels xelisufle-
bam aRiara, rom misi saqmis gadasinj-
vis safuZveli ar arsebobda (marTalia,
“demokratebs“ Zalian swyurodaT Su-
risZieba, magram...).
samwuxarod, arc wignia rezinisagan
gakeTebuli da amitom ver moviyvan imis
srul mtkicebulebebs, Tu rogor xde-
boda rigi bolSevikebis gadagvareba,
Tundac iseT dokuments, rogoricaa vi-
Rac “g”-s vrceli werili, romelic
moskovis qalaqkomSi pirdapir xruS-
Covis saxelze iyo dawerili da masve
Cabarda. am “keTilismsurvelma” we-
rils moaxia misi gamomgzavnis koor-
dinatebi da saTanado organoebs daa-
vala misi gamokvleva Semdegi rezo-
luciiT: “gamoiZieT yvelaferi, magram
ise, rom me nuRar SemawuxebT”.
moskovis saqalaqo komitetidan aR-
niSnuli werili SinsaxkomSi moxvda.
iqidan ki, Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo ko-
misris moadgilem agranovma stalins
gadaugzavna. msurvelebs SeuZliaT ga-
ecnon am saintereso dokuments (do-
kumenti #539, furceli #683) fond “de-
mokratiis” kapitalur gamocemaSi _
“liubianka. stalini da sakavSiro
Ceka-mTavari politsaammarTvelo-Si-
nagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariati. 1922
wlis ianvari _ 1936 wlis dekemberi”,
romlis avtoria a. iakovlevi.
am werilSi uamravi saintereso ram
sweria, magaliTad, abel enuqiZeze, rom-
lis ocneba iyo “gamxdariyo rusi ruz-
velti”, ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda
Zvel bolSevikebisadmi agdebuli da-
mokidebulebiT da moiTxovda wina-
aRmdegobis moZraobis gaZlierebas,
romlis organizeba didad saWirod mi-
aCnda, da saubrobda im gegmis Taoba-
ze, romelic, abelis sityvebiT rom
vTavaT, “saSualebas mogvcems gadavag-
doT TviT mzis Suqis damCrdilavi
odiozuri pirovneba”.
gana saWiroa imis ganmarteba, Tu vis
gulisxmobda enuqiZe am “odiozeur pi-
rovnebaSi”? magram konkretulad vis
gulisxmobda igi “Zvel bolSevikebSi”?
es ukve Cekistebs unda daedginaT. ase
rom, am erTaderT werilSi warmoqmni-
li “gordias kvanZis” gaxsna da mowi-
naaRmdegeTa gamovlena konkretuli
mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze, sulac ar
gaxldaT ioli saqme da bunebrivia, Ce-
kistebi Tavs ar aitkivebdnen kidev ra-
Rac damatebiTi falcificirebuli
faqtebis moipovebiT. Tundac imitom,
rom maT saamisod dro aRar rCebodaT
da aRarc araqaTi gaaCndaT, radgan
“lipa” cnobebis Segrovebas da aku-
ratulad akinZvas sakmaod didi Za-
lisxmeva sWirdeba. vis sWirdeba zed-
meti xlaforTi da Tavismtvreva?
amisTana ueWveli da mwvave momen-
tebis mimaniSnebeli dokumenturi mtki-
cebulebebi ki am krebulSi aTeulobiT
da aseulobiTac ki moipoveba, rac
mkiTxvelma Cemi TxovniT unda irwmu-
nos.
magram me jer kidev ar damimTavre-
bia frinovskis ambis moyola, romel-
mac TiTqos operatiuli saqmianobis
mxriv bevrad gaaswro “umecar” eJovs.
me arc amaSi mepareba eWvi. ueWvelia,
rom dazvervis uaRresad faqiz saqme-
ebSi nikoloz ivanes Ze eJovi myisie-
rad ver gaerkveoda, magram, erTianoba-
Si...
erTianobaSi arc nikoloz ivanes Ze
eJovs hqonda mTlad “kancelariis
virTxis” biografia!
putilovis qarxnis kvalificiuri
muSa eJovi, 1915 wlidan rigiT jarisa-
kacad msaxurobda lidis 172-e fexo-
sanTa polkSi, monawileobas iRebda
brZolebSi, mZimed daiWra da 1916 wels
demobilizaciaSi gauSves. imave wlis
dasasruls kvlav gaiwvies axali pe-
tergofis saTadarigo polkSi. didi
oqtombris socialisturi revoluci-
is Semdeg vitebskis rkinigzis sadgu-
ris komisaria, mogvianebiT ki partiul
samuSaoze gadahyavT. erTi periodi ya-
zaxeTSi ibrZoda basmaCebis winaaRmdeg.
komunisturi partiis(b) centralu-
ri komitetis saaRricxvo-ganmanawi-
lebel ganyofilebasa da partiuli
kontrolis komisaSi muSaoba mas Tan-
daTan aaxloebda Cekistur saqmiano-
basTan. misi “patronisa” da proteq-
toris moskvinis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
eJovs TiTqmis yovelTvis Ralatobda
zomierebis grZnoba _ mudam inerciiT
miiwevda win da TavSekaveba da damu-
xruWeba uWirda. SeiZleba asec iyo, ma-
gram iseTi akuratistebi, rogoric
eJovi iyo, piriqiT, verasodes aRwevdnen
saqmis SuagulSi.
misi sajaro gamosvlebis
stenografiuli Canawerebi ki
metyveleben avtoris niWsa da kompe-
tenturobaze (aRsaniSnavia misi
gamosvla kp centraluri komitetis
plenumze 1937 wlis Teberval-martSi,
romlebic damajereblad avseben Cems
mier nimuSad moyvanil “g”-s werils).
da mainc, ssrk Sinagan saqmeTa sax-
alxo komisariatis sistemaSi gasa-
tarebeli konstruqciuli gardaqm-
nebis struqturaSi eJovi uimedod
gaixlarTa, iseve, rogorc igi gaixlar-
Ta sakuTar cxovrebaSi.
amitom, 1939 wlis dasawyisSi Sinagan
saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatSi uamravi
ram unda Secvliliyo, aseve _ uamravi
xalxic. upirvelesad, 1937-1938 wlebis
“operaciaTa” mimdinareobam, ase Tu ise,
mravali mxriT gamoavlina Sinsaxkomis
sistemaSi saqmianobisaTvis uvargisi
uamravi TanamSromeli. maT Soris
aseve bevri iyo saeWvo personaJic...
igive frinovski, berias SinsaxkomSi
mosvlidan, maleve gaanTavisufles sam-
saxuridan, magram daapatimres mx-
olod 1939 wlis 6 aprils (daxvreta
ki sakmaod didi xnis Semdeg _ 1940
wlis 8 Tebervals miusajes). misi da-
patimrebis mizezi ki gaxldaT is, rom
frinovskiSi jer kidev mZlavrad giz-
gizebda avanturistuli naperwkali.
igi maSin ar gaxldaT “Zveli bolSe-
viki...”
da kidev iagoda-eJovis droindeli
Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisris
kidev erTi moadgile _ iakob agranovi.
istorikosi genadi kostirCenko Tavisi
sainformacio xasiaTis wignSi “stal-
inis saidumlo politika” uamrav Rvar-
Zls anTxevs stalinisa da berias mi-
marT da “adasturebs”, rom agranovi im-
sxverpla saxalxo komisrad axlad-
daniSnulma beriam. es winaswarSegneb-
ulad SeTiTxnili binZuri cil-
iswamebaa, radgan agranovi daapatimres
1937 wlis 20 ivliss, gasamarTlda
umaRlesi sasamarTlos samxedro
kolegiis mier, 1938 wlis 1 agvistos
miesaja daxvreta da ganaCeni imave
dRes iqna moyvanili sisruleSi. beria
ki moskovSi gadaiyvanes mxolod 22
agvistos _ am ambidan zustad sami
kviris Semdeg.
vfiqrob, rom genadi kostirCenkos
mier SemTxveviT ar aris daSvebuli es
uzustoba. swored aseTi faqtebis
JonglirebiT iqmneboda berias, rogorc
“sisxliT gaumaZRari jalaTis” saxe.
kostirCenkos monografias xom
soliduri nawarmoebTa Soris ukavia
adgili _ igi gamoSvebulia moskovis
gamomcemloba “saerTaSoriso urTier-
TobaTa” mier ruseTis mecnierebaTa
akademiis ruseTis istoriis insti-
tutis egidiT (ruseTis ebraelTa kon-
gresis finansuri mxardaWeriT).
agranovis pirovnebaze mopovebul
sabuTebSi arsad moixsenieben, rom
vidre 1925 wels igi bolSevikuri par-
tiis wevri gaxdeboda, 1912 wlidan igi
iyo eserTa partiis wevri, 1919 wels iyo
saxkomsabWos mdivani, 1921 wels ki
mcire saxkomsabWos mdivani. swored
eserulma warsulma da bolSevikur
“elitaSi” trialma gauCina agranovs
mzardi politikuri ambicia.
amrigad, berias saqmiani urTierTo-
ba uwevda ara yofil eJovelebTan,
aramed iagodelebTanac, romlebic Sin-
saxkomSi movidnen maSin, roca trock-
istebi isxdnen ara cixeebSi, aramed
maRal saxelisuflebo kabinetebSi.
samagierod eJovis drois “axal-
wveulebi” berias xelSi davaJkacdnen,
gaikaJnen da unarian muSakebad Camoy-
alibdnen. maT ganaTlebis saTanado
donec gaaCndaT. Tavis droze Cven
gavecnobiT vitali pavlovs _ opera-
cia “Tovlis” monawiles. is da misi
aTasobiT Tanatoli SinsaxkomSi mivid-
nen eJovis dros cimbiris avtosagzao
institutis damTavrebis Semdeg. igi ar-
avis daupatimrebia. piriqiT _ awinau-
rebdnen xolme.
beriaze saintereso wignis avtori
elena prudnikova wers (marTalia, oc-
daaTiani wlebis movlenaTa Taobaze):
“ras warmoadgens im drois tipiuri
Cekisti?.. TiTqmis yvela doneze, qve-
modan zemoT, Ceka gadavsebuli iyo nax-
evradganaTlebuli kadrebiT, romlebic
oqtombris revoluciam da samoqalaqo
omma amoativtiva. ase magaliTad, cno-
bil zakovskis ori klasis ganaTleba
hqonda, agranovs _ 4 klasis... eseni iyv-
nen gaunaTlebeli, sastiki, uprincipo
avantiuristebi...”
vitali pavlovis da misi amxanagebi
aSkarad ver sxdebodnen am sqemaSi.
“maRali eSelonebisa” ki ra mo-
gaxsenoT...
Cemis azriT, aq prudnikova gadaZala
berias “raindad” warmoCenis survil-
ma misi “sastiki” da “ulmobeli”
winamorbedebis fonze da igi arc Tu
kritikulad miudga mogvianebiT Seqm-
nil kritikul daxasiaTebebs im gamoCe-
nili Cekistebisa, romlebic saqmi-
anobdnen sakavSiro Cekas, politsam-
marTvelos da pirveli Sinsaxkomis
rigebSi. gana swored es daxasiaTebe-
bi ar maxinjdeboda SemdgomSi?
igive agranovi Zalian kargad ic-
nobda averbaxs, mandelStams, pilniaks,
brikebs, maiakovskis... axla zogjer amt-
kicebddnen, rom am ukanasknelis
“TviTmkvlelobaSi” agranovis xeli
eria da, ufro metic, TviTmkvlelobis
organizatori igi iyoo. es gamoricx-
uli ar aris, iseve, rogorc gamoricx-
uli ar aris maiakovskis
TviTmkvlelobaSi averbaxisa da osip
brikis monawileoba. magram, agranovi ar
SeiZleba miviCnioT umecar da rux
adamianad. mis bunebaSi ido “meore
Ziri”, magram, rogorc pirovneba, igi
aSkarad ar gaxldaT araordinaluri.
visac surs, rom es mtkicebuleba irw-
munos, Tvali gadaavlos agranovis
mier daweril mravalgverdian naSroms:
“1918-1919 wlebSi kontrrevoluciuri
organizaciebis moqmedebaTa mimoxil-
va”, romelic srulad Sevida
“sakavSiro sagangebo komisiis wiTel
wignSi”. RmerTma yvela saxelmwifos
misces iseTi “umecari” mosamsaxure, ro-
goric am mimoxilvis 26 wlis avtori
iyo.
da nu dagvaviwydeba _ anton
makarenko, dimitri medvedevi, aleqsan-
dre lukini, giorgi briancevi da mw-
eral iuri germanis nawarmoebis gmire-
bi ivane lapSini da altusi _ ociani
wlebis Cekistebi iyvnen. ase rom, beria
da misi “axalwveulebi” movidnen arc
Tu uniWo da umecari xalxis
Sesacvlelad.
ufro metic! me ara var darwmunebu-
li, rom Tavidan beria stalinma
moskovSi gaiwvia mxolod eJovis
Sesacvlelad. ratomRac yuradRebas ar
aqceven im garemoebas, rom beria dainiSna
ara ubralod sakavSiro Sinagan saqmeTa
saxalxo komisris pirvel moadgiled,
aramed igi gaxda saxelmwifo uSiS-
roebis mTavari sammarTvelos ufrosi,
romelSic Sedioda gare dazverva.
swored Sinsaxkomis mzveravebi gaexvnen
samjer SarSi, vidre maT Sefad lavren-
ti beria dainiSneboda.
jer samSoblos uRalata uSiSroe-
bis kapitanma egnate stanislavis Ze
reisem (naTan markis Ze porecki). igi be-
rias Tanatoli iyo, daibada avstro-un-
greTSi, galiciaSi, garkveuli xnis
manZilze swavlobda venis univer-
sitetis iuridiul fakultetze, 1917
wels ki bolSevikebs miemxro.
poloneTSi eweoda aralegalur saqmi-
anobas, muSaobda muSur-glexuri
wiTeli armiis sadazvervo sam-
marTveloSi, 1931 wels gadaiyvanes
mTavar politikur sammarTveloSi _
ucxoeTis ganyofilebaSi. imyofeboda
holandiaSi, magram saqmianobda
safrangeTSic. 1937 wlis ivlisSi
reise gamoiZaxes moskovSi, magram igi
ruseTSi aRar dabrunebula. amave
wlis 17 ivliss frangul gazeTebSi
gamoaqveyna stalinis mamxilebeli sta-
tiebi da aseve Riad miemxro trockis.
reise 1937 welsve gaanadgures Sin-
saxkomis agentebma lozanaSi, magram
stalini sagareo dazvervis mTavar sam-
marTvelos ukve aRar endoboda.
gagrZeleba iqneba
5ilori 16 marti 2010
megruli poeziis rafsodiagazeTi “ilori”
agrZelebs
leqsebis
ciklis beWdvas
cnobili
qarTveli
poetis laSa
gaxarias wigni-
dan “iriaToni”
(beqilia-
nabordiSa).
Tena rduo Cqim sizmari _
Tolcg almafafuduni,
tyaSmafaSi ngrsi Tuma
anTasfaTi fxarTgndgni,,
oCokoCiS Cilamuri
irfelc uCaT Rafunduni,
diaCqimiS wgrwinua
sofelc akmokaTgnduni?!
baRanobas lakvaCxgremc
arTianc qimvoCxinCxolandi,
nocecxeli gecendgni _
Tizma faras ifCxonandi!
ukul bzojgndi did dadia _
oqro-varCxilc gifCxomandi
do Tejgua WyolofaSen,
RoronT, mardis gijRonandi...
mara irfel tyura yofed _
zRvaSa ginorRvafil qviSa,
muTunc vagnorzebuedu
ugamagaS WarkontiSa...
aTaS Sqgren-yumenulqu
dud qimibRi SqaborjiSa,
jiStis ginoWaruedg _
Cxe yeburiS nabordiSa!
afxas muTi gerWaruni,
Tina yofe koCiS bedi;
sqan daCxirsg vakarzancg
SxvaS kveci do SxvaS abedi.
uRus aTvaRvarkaluqi
almarCqile meWeWeTi,
amdRar dRaSa Cqim muricxis
vamkolafu aka WveTi.
mara iSeni gurs miZaxu,
Suri xolo wgme JRoncg,
Cqim oxvamur jveS lagvani
aTuyurSu birjRal Wyoncg.
birgulc Wyana aSabrzuni,
denjarebu oCo kocg,
agafasg ekvosquqg do
wgme bedi memijRoncg.
goRa fandurc giqubardRe
“odoia” gigvobiri,
Sors malaRurq qimioTvalg,
gobibrondi, Sur mifxiri.
jveS orkoli qifxvamile,
qinvoRafi xerkes Rvini,
Rurelefcg Sur quSine,
Tel do Rurel qggibSini.
Wara
arkvaniSe geSamsxupe,
qomxutole Cxe xurxuSa,
nirs TumaTg gakofqiti,
vegmonjire Cqim xujiSa;
Tolwox awmakiloTugq,
yuru meryunq anTariSa,
mu Surdgumus awarine
sqanner unZe TanTariSa?!
didaS ZuZu midamRi do
sqan mowine tyob-tyobiSe;
muTi qalmofurcqinini,
irfel arTo qobobrdiSe;
zRvaS CupaSe mijineqg,
minSax _ emer, caqvinjiSe;
sqan naJamas muS gemoSa
varT aWare, varT aWyiSe!
ras niSnavda cxad-sizmari,
Cems Tvalebs rom eseoda,
tyaSimafas (tyis mefe) nisli-
Tmebi
aTas xlarTiT rom mxlar-
Tavda.
oCokoCis cremli Savad
rom Rebavda yovelives.
dedaCemi rom kioda
mTeli soflis Sesayrelad?!
bavSvobaSi rom muguzlebs
erTurTs SevuCuCxunebdi,
rom scvioda naperwkali _
imden oqro-fuls vnatrobdi.
mere viyav did-batoni
saCuqrebiT avsebuli.
da aseTi wyalobisTvis,
RmerTs madlobas vugzav-
nidi...
magram Turme amaoa,
yoveli, viT zRvaSi qviSa.
veraferi aRudgeba,
ubedobis qarborbalas.
ase mSier da mwyurvalma
am Jamamde movaRwie,
magram jiStze (Zveli Tovli)
werebula
keriasTan nabodvari.
kacs rac beWze aewria
is yofila misi bedi,
ver daanTebs mis kerias
sxvisi kvesi da abedi.
uRels vwevdi cxovrebisa,
damnaToda varskvlaveTi,
dReia-dRemde bedis varskv-
lavs
aRar moswyvetia wveTi.
guli isev ise merCis,
suli isev win miiwevs,
xolo qvevri salocavi
bermuxis qveS ars Cafluli.
Zala Cemi muxlebisa
oCokoCsac SeSurdeba,
mivsdev guTans, vxnav da vTe-
sav,
win mimiZRvis guTnisdeda...
guSin fandurs Camovkari,
odoia davamRere,
Sors akvnesda molaRuri...
gaocebiT xma gavkminde.
doqs davtace xeli, mere
xerkiT (tardagebuli ayiro)
Rvino Camovasxi,
gardacvlilTa cxonebisa
vTqvi, cocxlebic va-
dRegrZele.
muza (bediswera)
Camixute akvnidanve
CamiTbune Tbil ubeSi,
Seni Tmebis mislSi mxvevdi,
ver davweqi Cems gemoze.
ar masveneb, ar maZineb,
brma migyavar Jin-anTarTan
(saqonlis mfarveli)
vin suldgmuli daudgeba
win Sens verag ardandobas.
gamomtace dedis ZuZu,
damawafe Sens mkerds valad,
rurSi rac ki CamCurCule _
yvelaferi mabodvine.
xan amyureb zRvis Wipidan,
xan damyureb cis fskeridan,
gaTvaluli _ Cems gemoze
verca vwer da verca vmwy-
evsav.
Jurnalis eka jafoSvilis es werili samiod wlis
winaT daibeWda gazeT “dioskuriaSi”, magram igi sain-
teresoa da amitomac gadavwyviteT, kidev erTxel
SevTavazoT Cvens mkiTxvelebs.
“upirveles yovlisa gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes
faqti, rom adamianebma Tavisi bolo uSualo kavSi-
ri sulier samyarosTan daaxloebiT oTxi aTasi
wlis win dahkarges” (rudolf Staineri _ “vardi-
sa da jvris saidumloeba”, gv.3). vfiqrobT mniSvne-
lovani werilobiTi dadasturebaa cnobili an-
Troposofosis da udidesi mecnier-filosofosis
rudolf Staineris mxridan imisa, rom arsebobs oT-
xiaTaswlovani tabudadebuli RvTiuri saidumlo-
ebani, romelic identificirebulia qarTuli “la-
zares” oTxi aTaswlovan miZinebasTan, anu “sikvdil-
Tan”.
dainteresebuli sazogadoebisaTvis cnobilia
Sua saukuneebis rozenkreiceruli moZraoba da “var-
disa da jvris saZmos” saxeliT cnobili mimdina-
reoba. maTi saidumlo saRvTismetyvelo moZRvrebis
safuZvlebs warmoadgens igavebSi tabudadebuli sai-
dumlo sibrZne. maTi simbolikis ZiriTadi atribu-
tebia jvari da mewamuli vardi. aRniSnuli “saZmos”
wevrebi da am saudumlos ziarebuli “xeldasxmu-
lebi” ganmartaven mewamuli vardis simbolur da-
niSnulebas, xolo jvriTa da vardiT simbolizebul
saidumlo Sinaarss ar an ver xsnian, rasac Tavisi
obieqturi mizezebi gaaCnia, ris Sesaxebac qvemoT mo-
gaxsenebT. manamde ki aucilebelia mcire komentari
gavakeToT amgvari mimdinareobisa da saZmoebis Se-
saxeb.
unda gagaxsenoT, rom “lazares sikvdilis” oTxi
aTaswlovani istoriis periodSi bevri sxvadasxva sa-
xis “ordenebi”, “saZmoebi” da sulier mecnierebaSi
“xeldasxmulebi” arsebobdnen, romelmic TavianT som-
bolikur emblemebs da beWdebs atarebdnen. maT So-
ris bevri da umetesi nawili cru Sinaarsis mata-
rebelni da mizandasaxuli “Savi magistrebi” arian,
romelnic iyenebdnen uZvelesi misteriebis simbo-
loebis atributebs da qmnidnen TavianTio Zalmo-
silebis Sesabamis emblemebs _ konfiguraciul kom-
pleqsebs, saxelmwifo Rerbebs da droSebs, asaeve
sxvadasxva magiur gamosaxulebebs, riTac TavianTi
miznebis Sesasrulebel energetikul Zalebs
ikrebdnen da msoflio xalxebisa da erebis samar-
Tavad iyenebdnen. aseTia, magaliTad, dReisaTvis kar-
gad cnobili ilumonatorebsa da Talmudistebs
daqvemdebarebuli sxvadasxva saxelebiT cnobili
“saZmoebi”, masonuri “loJebi”, “ordenebi” da maTi
istoriuli emblema-simboloebi, isini TavianTi miz-
andasaxuli programiT swored am Zalebis saSua-
lebiT axorcielebdnen msoflios marTvas. isini Se-
niRbulni arian ra msoflios mSvidobismyofelebis
da msoflio wesrigis damamyareblebis niRbiT, de-
damiwaze da msoflio xalxebze TavianTi mmarTve-
lobiT sistemebs amyareben da antiqristes gamefe-
bas uxsnian gzas.
eka jafoSvili
(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)
kolxeTis misteria
mamuliSvilis saintereso wignis Sesaxeb
Cveni gazeTis 52-e nomerSi gamova-
qveyneT werili ruseTSi moRvawe qarT-
vel profesor nodar eriaSvilze,
romlis wigni kulturologia das-
tamba gamomcemloba “samarTlianma sa-
qarTvelom”, romelsac qarTveli ma-
muliSvilebi udganan saTaveSi.
imis gamo, rom ar gagvaCnda sruli
informacia baton nodar eriaSvilze,
ver moxerxda imis aRniSvna, rom batoni
nodari istoriis mecnierebaTa doq-
toris, iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandi-
datis garda aris ekonomikis mecnie-
rebaTa doqtori, igi ruseTis federa-
ciis saxelmwifo premiis laureatia
mecnierebisa da teqnikis dargSi da av-
toria mravali samecniero naSromisa
da monografiis, romelic eZRvneba
rogorc istoriis, aseve ekonomikisa da
iurisprudenciis sakiTxebs. misi
xelmZRvanelobiT daculia aTobiT
sakandidato da sadoqtoro diserta-
cia. misi redaqtorobiT gamocemulia
da Targmnilia qarTul enaze mravali
saxelmZRvanelo, romelmac didi dax-
mareba gauwia saqarTveloSi moRvawe
mecnierebsa da studentebs. maT Soris
aris iseTi wignebi, romelTa analogi
qarTul enaze dRemde arc gagvaCnda,
rom misi redaqtorobiTa da avtoro-
biT qarTul enaze gamoica SesaniSna-
vi saxelmZRvaneloebi: “saxelmwifosa
da samarTlis Teoria”, “romis samar-
Tali”, “iuridiuli fsiqologia”, “kri-
minologia” da “saqmiani urTierTobe-
bis fsiqologia”, romlis avtoric
TviTon gaxlav. es aris arasruli Ca-
monaTvali im wignebisa, romlebic ga-
momcemloba “samarTliani saqarTve-
los” egidiT gamoica.
mkiTxvelebs vTavazobT nawyvets
misi wignidan “kulturologia”.
ruseTis kultura XIV-XVII
saukuneebSiXIV saukunis meore naxevridan iwye-
ba rusuli kulturis aRmavloba, rac
ganapiroba meurneobis warmatebulma
ganviTarebam da pirvelma didma ga-
marjvebam ucxoel dampyroblebze ku-
likovos brZolaSi (1380 weli). es mov-
lena iyo mniSvnelovani wingadadgmu-
li nabiji qveynis gasaTavisufleblad
TaTar-monRolTa uRlisagan. aRorZi-
nebis gzas daadga Zveli da ganviTar-
da axali sameurneo cxovrebisa da
kultiros axali centrebi. aSkarad ga-
moikveTa moskovis wamyvani roli, ro-
melic izidavda axal macxovreblebs
Crdilo-aRmosavleT ruseTSi misi
centraluri mdebareobis gamo, sadac
gadioda samdinaro da saxmeleTo sa-
vaWro gzebi. moskovma iTava mTeli ru-
seTis miwa-wylis gaerTianeba, gaizar-
da misi, rogorc kulturis erT-erTi
centris gavlena. moskovis mTavrebma
miiRes sruliad ruseTis didi mTav-
rebis tituli.
am periodis literaturul nawar-
moebTa ZiriTadi Tema iyo _ rusi xal-
xis brZola ucxoeli dampyroblebis
winaaRmdeg. mematianem Semogvinaxa “ba-
Tus mier qalaq vladimiris aRebis am-
bavi”, “ambavi rusuli miwis ganadgu-
rebis Sesaxeb”, “ambavi baTus mier ria-
zanis darbevis Sesaxeb”. maTSi moTx-
robilia rusuli qalaqebis ganadgu-
rebis, rus mebrZolTa mamacobisa da
guladobis Sesaxeb.
“aleqsandre nevelis cxovreba” gax-
da im periodis literaturuli Zegli.
masSi poeturi formiT asaxulia neva-
ze brZola, yinulze xocva-Jleta, aleq-
sandre nevelis (daaxloebiT 1220-1263)
damokidebuleba oqros urdosTan da
mTavris sikvdili. umRerian mis gmi-
robas rusuli miwa-wylis sadideblad.
“Tqmuleba qalaq kiteJze” mogviTx-
robs, Tu rogor gaxda qalaqi kiteJi
misi mcvelebis daRupvis Semdeg uxi-
lavi, raTa mters xelSi ar Caegdo.
xandaxan qalaqi amoimarTeba, rogorc
anarekli svetloiaris tbaze, am dros
ismis qalaqis zarebis rekvac.
kulikovos velze gamarjvebas
mieZRvna im periodisaTvis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani nawarmoebi “zadonSCina”
(brZolis adgilis mixedviT _ dons
iqiT), dawerilia istoriuli moTxro-
bis JanrSi XIV saukunis bolos ria-
zaneli safonis mier. avtori misi Ta-
namedrove periodis cxovrebiseul
movlenebs adarebs “ambavi igoris
laSqrobis” droimdelisas. kulikovos
velze gamarjveba _ esaa, TiTqos erTg-
vari SurisZieba igor sviaoslavis Zis
mebrZolTa damarcxebaze. am gamarj-
vebam kvlav aRudgina rusul miwas di-
deba da Zlevamosilis saxeli. kuli-
kovos cikls miekuTvneba “Tqmuleba ma-
maevis xocva-Jletaze” (XV saukunis
pirveli naxevari). nawarmoebisaTvis da-
maxasiaTebelia mxatvruli gamomsax-
veloba da ideuroba. mas adareben “am-
bavs igoris laSqrobaze” da ayeneben
aRorZinebis epoqis evropis litera-
turis Sedevrebis gverdiT.
farTo ganviTareba hpova xuroT-
moZRvrebam, upirveles yovlisa nov-
gorodsa da fskovSi _ im qalaqebSi,
romlebic politikurad naklebad iyo
damokidebuli monRol xanebze. XIV-XV
saukuneebSi novgorodi iyo xelovne-
bis, ekonomikis da politikuri cxov-
rebis ganviTarebis erT-erTi umsxvi-
lesi centri. im drois rusi xuroT-
moZRvrebi arqiteqturaSi agrZelebdnen
Zvel tradiciebs, romelTac adgili
hqonda monRolTa Semosevamde. nage-
bobebSi iyenebdnen kirqvis uxeSad na-
Tal lodebs, riyis qvebsa da cotao-
den agurs. aseTi wyoba siZlierisa da
simtkicis STabeWdilebas qmnida. nov-
gorodel xelovanTa aseT gansakuT-
rebul ostatobas akademikosi i.v. gra-
beri ase afasebs: “novgorodelis idea-
lia _ Zala da misi silamaze _ Zalis
silamaze”.
axal ZiebaTa Sedegi da Zveli xu-
roTmoZRvrebis tradiciebi gamovlin-
da XIV saukunis taZruli mSeneblobis
arqiteqturaSi. esaa macxovris eklesia
kovalevze da miZinebis eklesia vo-
lotovos velze (daingra didi sama-
mulo omis dros). axali stilis ni-
muSebia _ Tevdore stratilatosis ek-
lesia da macxovris fericvalebis ek-
lesia ilinis quCaze. am stilisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia taZris garegani mor-
Tuloba, fasadis Semkoba dekoratiu-
li niSebiT, skulpturuli jvrebiT, ni-
SebiTa ki _ freskebiT. macxovris fe-
ricvalebis eklesia agebuli novgo-
rodis savaWro mxares, tipiuri jvar-
bumbaTovani taZaria oTx Zlier svet-
ze dayrdnobili erTi gumbaTiT.
taZrebis mSeneblobasTan erTad
novgorodSi mimdinareobda msxvili sa-
moqalaqo mSeneblobac. novgorodel-
ma ostatebma germanelebTan erTad
aaSenes granitis palata sazeimo mi-
Rebebisa da saxelmwifo TaTbirebi-
saTvis. novgorodeli boiarebi Tavi-
anTTvis agebdnen qvis palatebs xis
qerqis TaRebiT. 1302 wels novgorod-
Si aigo qvis kremli, romelic Semdgom
mravaljer gadakeTda.
im droisaTvis meore msxvili same-
urneo da kulturuli centri fskovi
qalaq-cixe-simagres hgavda. qalaqis
Senobebis arqiteqtura iyi mkacri da
lakonuri, yovelgvar dekoratiul
morTulobas moklebuli. kremlis
grZeli qvis kedeli sigrZiT TiTqmis
cxra kilometria. fskovelma mSeneb-
lebma Senobis gadaxurvis gansakuT-
rebuli sistema SeimuSaves erTmaneT-
Si gadajvaredinebuli TaRebiT, ramac
SemdgomSi SesaZlebeli gaxada taZris
svetebisagan ganTavisufleba. fsko-
velma ostatebma ruseTSi sayovelTao
aRiareba moipoves da didi zegavlena
moaxdines moskovis mSeneblobaze.
moskovSi qviT mSenebloba daiwyo
XIV saukunis meore meoTxedSi. am pe-
riods ekuTvnis moskovis kremlis
TeTri qvisagan agebuli cixe-simagre
_ esaa qalaqis centraluri nawili bo-
rovickis borcvze mdinare moskovis
marcxena sanapiroze. 1366-1367 wlebSi
Tavad dimitris (Semdeg doneli) brZa-
nebiT aigo kedlebi da koSkebi TeTri
qvisgan (kirqva, romelic CamohqondaT
moskovis axlos mdebare sofel miaC-
kovodan). 1365 wels aigo TeTri qvis ta-
Zari saswaulmoqmed miqael mTavaran-
gelozis saxelze, mis samxreT-aRmo-
savleT frTaze aages xarebis taZari.
Semdgom periodSi moskovis kremlis
teritoriaze aages axali taZrebi da
samoqalaqo nagebobebi.
mSeneblobebi mimdinareobda sxva qa-
laqebSic _ kolomnaSi, serpuxovSi, zve-
nigorodSi. am periodis udidesi na-
geboba iyo miZinebis taZari kolomna-
Si _ qalaqis eqvssvetovani taZari ma-
Ral sadgamze Seyenebuli galereiT.
moskovis dRemde Semonaxuli uZvele-
si xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebia _ zve-
nigorodis miZinebis taZari, savin
stroJevskis monastris taZari zveni-
gorodis siaxloves, sameba _ sergis mo-
nastris samebis taZari, andronikes mo-
nastris macxovris taZari.
moskovis arqiteqturis axal mimar-
Tulebad iqca “kuburobis” gadalax-
visa da axali, safexurebad ganlage-
buli TaRebiT zeaRmavali kompoziciis
mqone Senobebis agebisaken swrafva.
XIV-XV saukuneebis rusuli ferwe-
ris, iseve rogorc xuroTmoZRvrebis
istoria, gaxda monRolTa Semosevebis
periodamde arsebuli ferweris isto-
riis bunebrivi gagrZeleba. xatwera vi-
Tardeba aseve novgorodsa da fskov-
Si. XIV saukuneSi novgoroduli xat-
wera, freskisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro
nela viTarseboda. xatebze, rogorc
wesi, mxolod wmindanis gamosaxulebas
werdnen. Tu romelime xatze ramdeni-
me wmindans gamosaxavdnen, maT Soris
araviTari Sinaarsobrivi an moqmede-
biTi kavSiri ar iyo, isini gamoisaxe-
bodnen frontalurad, gancalkevebiT.
amiT aRwevdnen zemoqmedebis Zalas.
novgorodis am periodis xatebi xasi-
aTdeba lakonuri kompoziciiT, mkveT-
ri mxatvrobiT, faqizi saRebavebiTa da
daxvewili teqnikiT.
xatwerasTan erTad Zalian gavr-
celda freskuli mxatvroba _ ferwe-
ra nestian baTqaSze wyalSi gaxsnili
saRebavebiT. am periodis ruseTis ked-
lis ferweras “oqros saukunes” mia-
kuTvneben. XIV saukunis freskuli
ferwera gaformda kompoziciurad,
sivrcobrivad, masSi Setanili iqna
peizaJi, gaizarda gamosaxvis fsiqo-
logizmi. es siaxleebi gansakuTrebiT
gamovlinda novgorodis cnobil fres-
kebze Tevdore stratilatosis ekle-
siasa da miZinebis eklesiaSi volo-
tovos velze.
XIV-XV saukuneebis mxatvarTa Soris
gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs ge-
nialur Teofane greks (daaxloebiT
1340-1405 wlebis Semdeg). warmoSobiT bi-
zantielma, man moiara mTeli bizantia,
yirimi, moxata eklesiebi konstantine-
polSi, galateSi, qalkedonSi, kafeSi
(feodosia). misi talanti gansakuTre-
buli ZaliT gamovlinda ruseTSi.
Teofane grekis freskebi, xatebi ga-
moirCeva monumentalobiT, siZlieriT,
saxeTa gamosaxvis dramatizmiT, gabe-
duli da Tavisufali weris maneriT.
Teofane grekis SemoqmedebaSi ru-
seTSi yofnisas gamoarCeven or peri-
ods: novgorodisas da moskovurs.
pirvelSi is gamodis, rogorc gabedu-
li novatori, meamboxe, qmnis iSviaTi
zeSTagonebis mqone nawarmoebebs. mos-
kovur periodSi ki misi Semoqmedeba xa-
siaTdeba rogorc mxatvrisa, romelmac
moipova simSvide da wonasworoba.
novgorodSi Teofane grekma moxata
macxovris eklesia ilinis quCaze. es
mxatvroba dRemde SemorCenilia frag-
mentebis saxiT. gamoxatuli wmindane-
bi xasiaTdeba mkacri individualobiT,
TiToeuli figura cocxlobs gansa-
kuTrebuli sicocxliT, savsea Sinaga-
ni moZraobiT. Teofane grekma Tavis
personaJebSi Caaqsova adamianis su-
liereba, misi Sinagani Zala.
Teofane grekma moskovSi moxata
RvTismSoblis dabadebis eklesia ekv-
derTan erTad. aseve moxata kremlSi
mTavarangelozis taZari, gorodecel
moxuc proxorTan da andrei rubli-
ovTan erTad moxata xarebis taZari
kremlSi. am taZris kankelisaTvis ga-
moiyena 2 metrze meti simaRlis dafebi.
Teofane grekma moskovSi Seqmna saxe-
losno, sadac Seiqmna xati erT mxares
donis RvTismSoblis, meore mxares ki
RvTismSoblis miZinebis gamosaxule-
biT.
am periodis kidev erti gamoCenili
mxatvari iyo rusi izografi andrei
rubliovi (daaxloebiT 1360/70-1427/30
wlebi) _ beri andronikes monastrisa
(amJamad iq daarsebulia andrei rub-
liovis muzeumi), sadac gardaicvala da
iqvea dakrZaluli. misi Semoqmedeba
TvalnaTliv mowmobs rusuli cent-
ralizebuli saxelmwifosa da mosko-
vis zeobis periodSi rusuli kultu-
ris sRmavlobas. mis dros moskovis
ferweris skola ganviTarebis umaRles
dones aRwevs. andrei rubliovis na-
warmoebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
Rrma adamianuroba, saxeTa amaRlebuli
zeSTagoneba, Tanxmobisa da harmoniis
ides, mxatvruli formis srulyofi-
leba.
andrei rubliovi monawileobas
iRebda moskovis kremlis xarebis Zve-
li taZris, vladimiris miZinebis taZ-
ris, sergi-samebis lavris _ samebis
taZrisa da andronikes monastris mac-
xovris taZris moxatvasa da xatwera-
Si.
Teofane grekisgan gansxvavebiT, and-
rei rubliovis xelovneba savsea amaR-
lebuli, naTeli ganwyobilebiT, su-
lieri harmoniis mdgomareobiT, gamo-
xatavs samyaros mimarT sixaruls, bed-
nierebas, simSvides. misi stilisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia liriuli simSvide,
personaJebi ufro adamianurebi arian,
vidre Teofane grekTan.
mis nawarmoebTa Soris yvelaze
cnobili da Sesrulebis Tvalsazri-
siT yvelaze srulyofilia “samebis”
xati. igi specialurad Seqmnilia ser-
gi-samebis monastris samebis taZris
kankelisatvis. xatze iSviaTi mxatv-
ruli ZaliTaa warmoCenili humanu-
robis, Tanxmobisa da kacTmoyvareobis
humanisturi idea. mocemulia zneobrivi
srulyofilebisa da siwmindis ganzo-
gadebuli ideali. RmerTis gamoxatu-
leba mocemuli sami angelozis saxiT,
samive figura warmoadgens mrgvlovan
kompozicias Tasis garSemo. sulieri
siwminde, gamomsaxveloba, sinaTle, suf-
Ta tonebi, gansakuTrebiT “cisferi”,
gamWvirvale mwvane, oqrosferi, xazebis
erTiani riTmi didi ZaliT ansaxiere-
ben harmoniis da siwmindis ideas.
andrei rubliovis Semonaxul qmni-
lebebs ekuTvnis agreTve vladimirSi
miZinebis taZris freska Temaze “sa-
Sineli samsjavro”. tradiciuli ga-
mosaxvisagan gansxvavebiT andrei rub-
liovis saxeebi savsea adamianurobiT,
Tavisufalia yovelgvari simkacrisa-
gan. rubliovma dawera ramdenime xati
sergi-samebis taZris kankelisaTvis.
mis funjs ekuTvnis xatebi mociqul
pavlesa da miqaelis gamosaxulebiT.
misi bolo qmnilebaa andronikes mo-
nastris macxovris taZris moxatu-
loba (SemorCenilia ornamentTa frag-
mentebi).
16 marti 2010 ilori6
1768-1774 wlebis ruseT-TurqeTis omi da saqarTvelogeneral totlebenis saxeli
dRemde aRZravs qarTvel isto-
rikosTa samarTlian guliswy-
romas. CvenSi is Ralatisa da
orpirobis sinonimad aris aRia-
rebuli. mkiTxvelisTvis, al-
baT, interesmoklebuli ar iq-
neba is faqti, rom xsenebuli
mwerali Tavis droze TviT
ruseTis xelisuflebis mierve
yofila Serisxuli. mis Sesaxeb
arsebuli cnobebidan irkveva,
rom grafi gotlib-henrix to-
tlebeni (1710-1773 ww.) saqsonuri
warmomavlobisa yofila. impe-
ratrica elisabedis dros is
ruseTis samsaxurSi Sevida, mo-
nawileobda Svidwlian omSi
da saxeli gaiTqva berlinis
asaRebad gamarTul brZolaSi.
ekaterine meores mmarTvelobi-
sas totlebeni politikuri mo-
tiviT samarTalSi iqna micemu-
li. mas CamoarTves yvela Cini
da wodeba da gadaasaxles cim-
birSi. mogvianebiT, kavkasiaSi
ganlagebul rusuli armiis
samsaxurSi yofnisas, xelisu-
flebam is Seiwyala, magram
kvlav meTvalyureobis qveS
imyofeboda. aseT viTarebaSi
totlebeSi yovelmxriv cdi-
lobda, sxvisTvis gadaebrale-
bina Tavisi warumateblobani.
magaliTad, axalcixis brZola-
Si gancdili marcxis gamo is
erekle meores adanaSaulebda;
aseve iqceoda imereTis mefis _
solomon pirvelis mimarTac.
amis Taobaze ekaterine meore
Tavis erT qveSevrdoms (panins)
werda: `vfiqrob, rom man (to-
tlebenma) SeiZleba saqarTve-
loSi Cveni saqmeebi gaafuWoso~.
sagulisxmoa, rom imperatoris
karze totlebens aSkara Ra-
latSic daedo brali, ris ga-
moc igi sabolood gaiwvies sa-
qarTvelodan.
imereTis samefo taxtze asul so-
lomon pirvels energiuli brZola
mouxda osmalo dampyroblebisa da
qveynis SigniT arsebuli feodaluri
reaqciis winaaRmdeg. axalgazrda mefem
scada ruseTis mTavrobisagan daxma-
rebis miReba. 1764 wels man TxovniT mi-
marTa aleqsandre baqaris Zes, raTa mas
ruseTis imperatorTan eSuamdgomla.
1766 wels ki, roca Turqebi imereTSi
SemoiWrnen da solomon mefem Tavi mo-
dinaxes cixes Seafara, man yizlaris
komendants acnoba, rom sruli damar-
cxebis SemTxvevaSi ruseTs gaemgza-
vreboda. mefe mas sTxovda, rom ekate-
rine meores pasuxi ecnobebina qar-
Tveli arqimandritis grigolis me-
SveobiT, romelic maSin oseTSi mi-
sionerad iyo. garkveuli drois Semdeg
TviT arqimandriti grigolic gaem-
gzavra yizlarSi solomonis TxovniT,
rom ruseTis mTavrobas misTvis Tur-
qeTis xelisufalTa winaSe eSuam-
dgomla.
ekaterine meores mTavrobam kon-
stantinepolel rezident a. obresko-
visgan saTanado informacia miiRo
Turq xelisufalTa damokidebuleba-
ze imereTis samefosadmi. obreskovma
Seatyobina, rom TurqeTis mTavroba Se-
SfoTebuli iyo imereTTan brZolis wa-
rumateblobiT: sakuTar ZalTa ric-
xobrivi siWarbis miuxedavad, TurqeT-
ma siamovnebiT miiRo erekle meores
Suamavloba solomon pirvelTan. Tur-
qebi daTanxmdnen solomon winaaR-
mdeg samxedro moqmedebis Sewyvetaze,
mxolod erTi pirobiT, rom imereTis
mefes Zveleburad exada xarki, e.i. yo-
velwliurad 60 asuli gaegzavna. Ta-
vis mxriv, TurqeTi imereTs qveSe-
vrdomad ki ara, sulTnis proteqto-
ratis qveS myof saxelmwifod gamo-
acxadebda. ruseTis rezidenti yura-
dRebas miaqcevda im faqts, rom Turqebs
gansakuTrebiT eSinodaT saqarTvelos
saqmeebSi ruseTis Carevisa da Tanxmoba
ganacxades erekle meoresa da imere-
Tis mefis kavSirze.
miuxedavad TurqeTTan dazavebisa,
solomon mefes kargad esmoda, rom ime-
reTisaTvis aucilebeli iyo Turqi
dampyroblebisagan sabolood Tavis
daxsna da qveynis Semdgomi ganviTa-
rebisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebis
Seqmna. amitom iyo, rom 1768 wlis iv-
nisSi ruseTsa da TurqeTs Soris ur-
TierTobis gamwvavebisas ruseTSi gan-
sakuTrebuli rwmunebiT gaigzavna qu-
Taiseli mitropoliti maqsime abaSiZe.
roca ekaterine meores karze imereTis
elCis Camosvla gaiges, saTanado gan-
karguleba gasces, rom elCi saswrafod
peterburgs gaegzavnaT. mitropolit
maqsimes elCobis wevri arqimandriti
yizlaridan ukan gaabrunes da Tan ga-
ayoles poruCiki qobulaSvili (xva-
bulovi).
xvabulovs evaleboda imereTSi ar-
sebuli viTarebis garkveva da solo-
monTan molaparakeba. sagareo saqmeTa
kolegiis mier yizlaris komendanti-
sadmi gacemul gankargulebaSi ewera,
rom axla TurqeTTan dawyebuli omis
pirobebSi quTaisis mitropolitis Ca-
mosvla drouli iyo.
solomon pirveli ekaterine meores
saxelze gagzavnil sigelSi ruseTis
mfarvelobis qveS miRebasa da samxe-
dro Tu sxva materialur daxmarebas
moiTxovda. mefe aRniSnavda, rom Tor-
meti welia, rac Turqebs ebrZvis. am
xnis ganmavlobaSi Turqebi Svidjer
SemoiWrnen mis qveyanaSi da mudam da-
marcxebuli garbodnen.
ekaterine meores mTavroba ruseT-
TurqeTis omSi miznad isaxavda Savi
zRvis sanapiros dapyrobasa da iq Ta-
visufali naosnobis uflebis mopove-
bas. ruseTs TurqeTTan omSi evropis
saxelmwifoTa mxardaWeris imedi ar
hqonda da amitom gansakuTrebul mni-
Svnelobas TurqeTis batonobis uRel-
qveS myofi qristianebis brZolas ani-
Webda. ruseTis mTavrobam mowodebiT
mimarTa balkanel da kavkasiel qri-
stianebs, rom igi `iZulebulia~, ebrZo-
los TurqeTs `qristes sarwmunoebi-
saTvis~. ufro mogvianebiT, ekaterine II
didi kmayofilebis grZnobiT swerda
volters, rom man TurqeTs oTxive
mxridan Seutia: dunaidan, yirimidan, mo-
reidan da saqarTvelodan. amgvarad, ru-
seTi gegmavda TurqeTis winaaRmdeg
qristiani mosaxleobis ajanyebas bal-
kaneTSi da saqarTvelos omSi Cabmas,
raTa TurqeTis Zalebi kavkasiaSi See-
boWa. roca ekaterine meores karze
TurqeTis winaaRmdeg saqarTvelos mo-
nawileobis sakiTxs ixilavdnen, rwme-
na gamoTqves, rom imereTis mefe am
brZolaSi Caebmeboda, magram erekle
meores monawileobas saeWvod Tvlid-
nen: qarTl-kaxeTis samefo TurqeTze
damokidebuli ar iyo da, rusi poli-
tikosebis azriT, ereklen ar moisur-
vebda TurqeTTan ganxeTqilebas.
1769 wlis martSi yizlaridan so-
lomon pirvelTan dabrunda arqiman-
driti, romelsac poruCiki qobula-
Svilic axlda. solomonma ganucxada
mas, rom TurqeTis winaaRmdeg omSi Ca-
ebmeboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ruseTis
damxmare jars miiRebda. Tavisi mxri-
dan is oci aTasi kacis gamoyvanas ki-
srulobda. solomon pirvelma kan-
cler n. paninisagan miRebuli werili
erekle meores gaugzavna, xolo 26
marts TviTon qobulaSvili gaemgzavra
Tbiliss.
ereklem saTanadod Seafasa Seqmni-
li viTareba: man gaiTvaliswina is, rom
ruseTi TurqeTs ukve eomeboda, xolo
irani, misi azriT, osmaleTis dasuste-
bisa da mis xarjze qarTl-kaxeTis ga-
Zlierebis winaaRmdegi ar unda yofi-
liyo. formaluri TvalsazrisiT Tu
vimsjelebT, irani, marTalia, erekles
Tavis vasalad Tvlida, magram osma-
leTis winaSe yovelTvis rodi agebda
pasuxs `gurjistanis valis~ moqmede-
baze. susti iranisaTvis am dros way-
ruebis pozicia ufro momgebiani iyo.
yovelive aman xeli Seuwyo TurqeTis
winaaRmdeg yvela qarTuli samefos ga-
erTianebuli gamosvlisaTvis pirobe-
bis momzadebas.
qarTl-kaxeTis mefemac omSi mona-
wileobaze Tanxmoba ganacxada, mxolod
im pirobiT, Tu ruseTi saqarTveloSi
damxmare jars gamogzavnida. solomon
pirveli omSi Caeba. is fiqrobda, ru-
seTis jaris daxmarebT daemorCilebina
imereTis urCi mTavrebi da Tavadebi,
daebrunebina Turqebis mier mitacebu-
li qarTuli miwebi da sabolood ga-
nedevna saqarTvelodan osmalo dam-
pyroblebi.
erekle meore imedovnebda, ruseTis
daxmarebiT daebrunebina osmalTa mier
mitacebuli samcxe-javaxeTi, daemor-
Cilebina War-belaqani da aRekveTa lek-
Ta TareSi.
1769 wlis 21 maiss TbilisSi so-
lomon pirveli Camovida. qarTveli me-
feebi erTobliv moqmedebaze SeTan-
xmdnen. maT xvabulovs konkretuli wi-
nadadebebi wauyenes da peterburgSi
elCebis gagzavna gadawyvites.
erekle a. andronikaSvils agzavni-
da, solomoni ki _ d. kvinixiZes. ukve
gaCaRebuli ruseT-TurqeTis omis fon-
ze peterburgSi Tavisi diplomatiuri
saqmianoba gaSala mitropolitma maq-
simem. is ekaterine meores mTavrobas
saTanado informacias awvdida da
imereTSi ruseTis jaris gagzavnas iT-
xovda.
amis Semdeg ekaterine meores mTa-
vrobam gadawyvita imereTSi oTxaska-
ciani samxedro razmisa da zarbazne-
bis gamogzavna, amasTan erTad, sagareo
saqmeTa kolegiam gadawyvita, saqar-
TveloSi gamoegzavna Tavisi oficia-
luri warmomadgeneli Tavadi anton
mouravovi, romelic vaxtang meeqvsis
dros ruseTSi gadasaxlebuli Tar-
xanmouravebis STamomavali iyo.
1769 wlis agvistoSi yizlaridan da
mozdokidan saqarTvelosaken gamoe-
marTnen specialurad SerCeuli sam-
xedro nawilebi 480 kacis Semadgen-
lobiT. agvistos damlevs askaciani
avangardi totlebenis meTaurobiT
darialis gziT aRmosavleT saqar-
TveloSi Semovida. generalma dauyov-
nebliv acnoba erekle meores Tavisi
Camosvla, ruseTis jaris gavlis ne-
barTva iTxova da piradi Sexvedra Se-
sTavaza.
usamarTloba sasamarTlo
labirinTebSipolitikuri moZraoba ,,mTliani sa-
qarTvelos~ lideris iuridiul mec-
nierebaTa doqtoris, akademikos vla-
dimer vaxanias sasamarTlo procesi
quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTloSi
mimdinare wlis ianvarSi ise gadaido,
rom Semdgomi procesis TariRi jer ki-
dev ar aris dazustebuli. es proce-
si quTaisSi mas Semdeg grZeldeba, rac
zugdidis raionulma sasamarTlom ab-
surduli braldebiT, iaraRis ukanono
SeZena-Senaxvisa da Jurnalisturi saq-
mianobisTvis xelis SeSlis gamo, oTxi
weli miusaja. vladimer vaxaniasTvis,
romelsac Tavisi sabiznesmeno saqmia-
nobidan soliduri Semosavali gaaCnda,
raSi sWirdeboda leibis qveS avtoma-
tis damalva, Tu moindomebda, Tavisu-
flad SeiZenda da gaiformebda kidec
iaraRs; rac Seexeba JurnalistisaTvis
xelis SeSlas, msgavs faqts adgili ar
hqonia. xelisufleba, romeic fexqveS
Telavs JurnalistTas uflebebs, roca
dasWirdeba TvalTmaqcurad eqomageba
maT.
vaxanias saqme, didi xania, gascda sa-
qarTvelos farglebs. sasamarTlo
process akvirdebodnen evrokavSiris
warmomadgeneli kaupo endi da sayo-
velTaod aRiarebuli uflebadamcve-
lebi sergei kovaliovi da ernst
Corni. ,,es aris politikuri saqme, rad-
gan daadanaSaulo vaxania Tavisufali
sityvis xelis SeSlaSi, raRac egzo-
tikuria. vaxanias Sesaxeb bevri ram
miTxres, saidumloebiTaa moculi Tvi-
Ton pasportebis CamorTmeva. yvela
misi werili upasuxod darCa. ras ni-
Snavs es, Tu ki saqarTvelo samar-
Tlebriv saxelmwifos aSenebs? me te-
lefoniT vesaubre amis Sesaxeb andrei
ilarionovs, romelic amJamad amerika-
Si moRvaweobs. mas sakmaod damsaxu-
rebuli reputacia aqvs. vici, rom mi-
xeil saakaSvilTan mas piradi ur-
TierToba aqvs, amitomac aseTi Careva
saimedoa,~ – aRniSna sergei kova-
liovma.
aseTma farTo masStabis rezonansma
daafrTxo qarTveli samarTaldamcve-
lebi da amitomac cdiloben axla Ta-
vis daZvrenas.
vaxanias am ukanono dakavebas kidev
oTxi pirovneba ,,emsxverpla~. mis me-
gobarsa da prokuraturisaTvis ara-
sasurvel mowmes _ Tengiz kalandias
narkotikuli nivTierebis SeZena-Se-
naxvis braldebiT 18 weli miusajes. am
saqmesac axla quTaisis saapelacio sa-
samarTlo ganixilavs. vaxanias karis
mezobeli jambul Ciqovani aseve pro-
kuraturisTvis arasasurveli Cvenebis,
anu simarTlis Tqmis gamo, me-7 Tvea, da-
kavebulia da ganaCenis gamotanas elo-
deba. kidev erTi mowme mindia maqaca-
ria ki mimalvaSia, radgan icis, rom Ci-
qovanis beds gaiziarebs.
vaxanias erT-erT advokats joni za-
randias zugdidis raionulma sasa-
marTlom sxva saqmis gamo yalbi do-
kumentebis Seqmnis xelSewyobis bral-
debiT oTxi weli miusaja. Tumca am-
boben, rom is vaxanias advokatobis
gamo daisaja.
aseTia vladimer vaxanias garSemo
sasamarTlos labirinTebSi SeTxzuli
usamarTlobani, Tumca dakavebulTa
Wirisuflebi imedovneben, rom, adre Tu
gvian, simarTle izeimebs.
lado qiria, zugdidi
16 marti 2010ilori 7
8 ilori16 marti 2010
unda vicodeT, rom is, rac laTinur,
ellinur da sxva ucxour enebze
iwodeba europa-d, meorenairad war-
moiTqmis “orofa”-d da swored is meo-
rea misi sawyisi forma. sayuradReboa
“eurofa”-s ideisa da gamoxatvis, _ aRm-
niSvneli sityvis mimdinareobis, war-
momavlobis, sadaurobis sakiTxi. eu-
rofa (orofa) im mefis asulis saxelia,
romelic, gadmocemiT, kolxebis erT-
erTi nawilis _ pelazgebis RmerTma,
saxelad “Ze”-m (zebunebrivi arsis Zem)
zevsma gaitaca da Caasaxla kunZul ku-
ratoze (amJamad kreta rom ewodeba) im
midamoSi, romelsac kolxuri saxeli
“gordi” erqva imJamad da “gordi” hqvia
dResac (iqauri samogzauri biuros
cnobiT). is kunZulic ZirZveli kolx-
uri mxarea. iqaurma mosaxleobam
aTaswleulebis manZilze erTgulad
da siyvaruliT SeinarCuna misi sax-
elwodeba “gordi”. sayuradReboa, rom
im kunZulidan didi manZiliT da-
Sorebul sxva kolxur mxareSi, kolxe-
bis samTavros mmarTveli _ daqvrive-
buli dedofali ekaterine dadianic _
aleqsandre WavWavaZis asuli cx-
ovrobda qalaq “gord”-Si _ samegre-
los samTavros sasaxleSi (me-19
saukuneSi) da iqvea dakrZaluli
taZris ezoSi. kurato (kretas)
kuTvnil erT patara kunZuls amJa-
madac Zveli saxeli _ “kolixiTi”
(kolxeTi) ewodeba _ wers iqauri
samogzauro dawesebulebis Tanam-
Sromeli (sainterneto gancxadebaSi,
romelic vixile 2007 wlis 9 ivliss).
kargi iqneba, rom televiziiT gvaCvenon
kuratos kuTvnili kunZulis _ “kolx-
eTis” mosaxleobis xalxuri Semo-
qmedeba.
kunZul kuratoze (kretaze) mdebare
qalaq faTis (faisTos) midamoSi 1908
wels arqeologma liuji perniem aR-
moaCina ZvelTaZveli, Tixisagan gamoZ-
erwili, mrgvali firfita (romelic
Semdeg profesorma gia kvaSilavam
gaSifra _ “ilori”); naqalaqaris
ZvelTaZveli saxelia “faTi”, igive
“foTi”. didi xnis semdeg qalaq “faTi”-
s (“foTis”) odnav Secvlili saxeliT
_ “faisto” _ moixseniebdnen elinuri
teqstebi.
qalaq faTis SemdgomSi ucxoelebi
“festos” saxeliT moixseniebdnen. iq
luiji pernies mier 1908 wels aRmoCe-
nil Tixis “diskoze” kolxuri oqro-
damwerlobis wesiT _ oqros tvifar-
iT (yalibiT) dabeWdilia naxat-niS-
nebiani da marcvlovani damwerlobiT
Sesrulebuli teqsti _ deda-RvTaebis,
nanaiasadmi miZRvnili sagalobeli.
oqros tvifari (yalibi) saukeTesoa,
radgan misi anabeWdebi ufro mkafioa.
nanaiasadmi miZRvnili simRerebi amJa-
madac Cveni modgmis, anu Cvenianebis us-
ayvarlesi simRerebia.
unda vicodeT, rom kolxebma vu-
wodeT Cvens saxelmwifos _ kolxeTs
“qarTi”; misi ganvrcobili saxelia “qi-
arTi”. “qi” kolxurSi niSnavs sax-
elmwifos (samefos), xolo “arTi” niS-
navs “erTs” anu “erTians” (baton
kukuri fifias am cnobis mowode-
bisaTvis madlobas vuZRvni).
orofa kolxurad
siyvaruls niSnavs
aucilebelia ganvmartoT is
sinamdvile, rom “orofa” qarTebis
(qarTuelebis) mier Seqmnili qarTuli
sityvaa (kerZod _ kolxuria) da niS-
navs “siyvaruls” _ adamianis yvelaze
saTuT, keTilSobil grZnobas gamox-
atavs, rac ki arsebobs. ukeT gav-
ixsenoT erTi Tuqmuleba (am sityvis
Ziria sami aTasze meti wlis win
lursmuli damwerlobiT aRbeWdili
kolxuri sityva “Tuqu” _ Tqma, la-
paraki), anu Tqmuleba orofa-s zevsis
mier gatacebisa da maxlobel kolxur
kunZulze Casaxlebis Sesaxeb, sadac
masTan sami vaJi SeeZina; ufrosi mino,
anu minosi iqve gamefda da colad hyav-
da aietis asulis _ medeas da, saxelad
“fasifa”. im Tqmulebas, ueWvelad, is-
toriuli safuZveli aqvs, namdvilad
momxdar movlenas asaxavs; saxeldobr,
ueWvelad warmoaCens im farTod gax-
maurebul movlenas, rom zneobrivi,
kulturuli, qonebrivi dideba, sikeTe,
swored mSobliur saxelmwifoSi iyo
daunjebuli da Tavmoyrili. orofas
samSoblo, sadac cxovrobdnen misi
eris, modgmis, jiSis adamianebi, sadac
daibada, aRizarda, mowifulobis asaks
miaRwia, zrdasrul adamianad Camoy-
alibda winaprebisagan STamomavlobiT
miniWebuli erovnuli niSan-TvisebebiT,
aris aia-s, imave, qarT-is saxeliT cno-
bili ZvelTaZveli vrceli sax-
elmwifo. damatebiT, gacnobebT, rom
ramdenime TqmulebiT cnobili lit-
eraturuli gmiris _ “orfe”-s
(ellinurSi emateba bolosarTi “os”
da xdeba “orfeos”) saxelic kolxur
sityvas “orofa” (siyvaruli) Seesi-
tyveba; is kolxi Seyvarebuli iyo da
amitom tkbilad emRereboda, riTac ise
gaiTqva saxeli, rom momdevno
aTaswleulebSic ki misi simRerebis
qeba ismis. orfe (orfeosis) saxelis
kolxur sityva orofasTan kavSiri
SeamCnia nugzar kvaSilavam da damak-
valiana.
siyvaruliT
Sexmatkbilebuli mxare
orofas (eurofas) ZirZveli kolx-
uri mniSvneloba _ siyvaruliT savse
mxare _ ZvelTaganve farTod iyo cno-
bili.
didi xnis Semdeg, ucxoelma mtreb-
ma gamiznulad gaavrceles sxva
mosazreba, Seqmnes Tqmuleba, romelSic
kolxebis (pelazgebis) erovnuli gmiri
_ zevsi axva erovnebas miakuTvnes, amiT
moswyvites mis erovnul fesvebs da
viTareba gaayalbes. Tqmulebis Tanax-
mad, europa mefis asulis saxelia; is
seuyvarda RmerT zevss, gaitaca da
maxlobel kunZul kretaze _ midamo
gordSi daasaxla (yuradReba miap-
yariT ZvelTaZvel kolxur geografi-
ul saxelwodebas “gordi”). zeusi,
droebiT, lamaz TeTr kurod (xarad)
iqca da orofas miuaxlovda maSin,
rodesac qali TanatolebTurT tbis
piras seirnobda, xe-mcenareTa mSvenebiT,
Citebis gamobiT, WikWikiT tkbeboda.
TeTri kuro Cveulebrivi cxoveli eg-
onaT. orofa zRvis napirTan mSvidad
wamowolil kurosTan mivida, mis
zurgze Camojda. kuro ne-nela wyal-
Si Sevida, gascura, bolos ki gafrin-
da kunZul kretasaken, qali gaitaca da
axloblebi daunaRvlianda. orofas
mama SeSfoTda, asulis saZebrad va-
JiSvili, saxelad “kilixi”, gagzavna da
orofas gareSe dabruneba aukrZala. im
vaJis saxeli “kilixi” _
aTaswleulebis manZilze ewodeboda
“didi zRiuis” (amJamad “xmelTaSua
zRva”) Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT mimde-
bare vrcel mxares (kilixi-kilixia-ki-
likia-kilixeTi-kilxeTi). dis saZe-
brad gagzavnili vaJkaci, saxelad
kilixi, _ radgan mamis davalebs ver
Seasrula _ dai veRar ipovna, Sin ve-
Rar dabrunda. kilixis mxare anu
kilixia ZirZveli kolxeTi anu “qi
arTi” aris. orofas, kunZul kretaze _
geografiul mxare “gordSi” cxovre-
bisas SeeZina sami vaJi. ufrosis sax-
elia mino (minosi); is SemdgomSi kun-
Zul kretas (sadac daibada da aRizar-
da) mefe gaxda; Tqmulebis mixedviT,
orofas SvilTaSvilia devkalioni.
devkalionis Svilia promeTe, romelsac,
Cveneburad, amirani ewodeba. lursmuli
damwerlobis monacemebiT, sityva “ami-
rani” dakavSirebulia cnebebTan: “ixi-
la”, “inaxula”, “mowme” (sasamarTloSi).
devkalionis saxelis axsna
qarTveluri masalis safuZvelze Sesa-
Zlebelia. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa
devkalionis Sesaxeb TqmulebaSi is
monakveTi, romelSic mamamisi (RmerTi)
amcnobs mosalodneli didi wyal-
didobis Sesaxeb da aswavlis Tavis
gadarCenis saSualebas. devkalioni
coliTurT gadarCa da misi modgmaa im
aremaris ZirZveli mosaxleoba, Tu Tq-
mulebas vendobiT. kidev ufro Zvelia
sxva Tqmuleba, kerZod, qarTvelTa mod-
gmis mosaxleobis RvTaeba “ea”-s mier
Tavisi vaJiSvilis _ qalaq uruqSi
(erexSi) mcxovrebi mefis _ mosalod-
nel warRvnasTan dakavSirebiT gafrTx-
ilebaze, mis gadarCenaze da momdevno
xanis iqauri mosaxleobis misgan mom-
dinareobaze. kidev ufro mogvianebiT,
RmerTis mier kacis gadarCena aRibeW-
da bibliaSi. samidan uZvelesia ea-s
Sesaxeb lursmuli damwerlobiT aR-
beWdili, amJamad muzeumSi daunjebu-
li teqsti tixis firfitaze. momdevno
Tqmulebebi, misi gaTvaliswinebiT,
gacilebiT gvian Seiqmna... orofa prom-
eTes, anu amiranis didedaa (bebiaa). es
ambavi Cvenianebs Cvili asakidanve
unda avuxsnaT, orofasadmi pativisce-
ma unda CavunergoT...
orofa (eurofa)
kontinentis saxelwodebaa
orofas (eurofas) saxeli, mog-
vianebiT, miekuTvna kontinents, romlis
sazRvari sxva, mimdebare kontinentTan
mudam davas iwvevda winaT. amJamadac is
sazRvari sadavo da daudgenelia. mk-
iTxvelebs vTavazob dafiqrdnen im sak-
iTxze, Tu rogor davibrunoT cneba
orofa (eurofa)misma (qalis)
TanaTeslma erma _ kolxebma.
amJamad orofas (eurofas)kontinen-
tis, mxaris nawilad iTvleba ruseT-
ic, romelic slavuri saxelmwifoa...
orofaSi arsebul TqmulebaSive,
ZvelTaganve, sayveduria gamoTqmuli
misi saxeliT im kontinentis sax-
eldebisadmi, sadac ar ucxovria da
romelTanac arasodes araferi
akavSirebda. kerZod, TqmulebaSive aR-
werilia orofas sizmari. im dRis gar-
iJraJze, rodesac gaitaca kuros sax-
iT movlenilma RmerTma Zeusma, orofas
esizmra ori cocxali qali; isini or
kontinents ganasaxierebdnen: erTi maT-
gani _ kontinent azias, meore konti-
nents ki jer aranairi saxeli ar hqon-
da mikuTvnebuli. aziis kontinentis
ganmasaxierebelma qalma ukve icoda,
rom usaxelo kontinentisTvis “euro-
fas” darqmevas apirebdnen (vin _
dausaxelebelia).
qali “azia” gacxovelebuli davob-
da imis gamo, rom eurofa (mefis
asuli, visac es esizmra) aziis konti-
nentze daibada, aRizarda da im meore
kontinentze, romelsac misi saxelis
miniWebas upirebdnen, fexi arasodes
arc ki daudgams. Cans, Tqmulebis Se-
qmnisas kunZulebi, maT Soris kretac,
europis kontinentis Semadgenel
mxared jer kidev ar moiazreboda. Tq-
mulebis Tanaxmad, qalebis daviT
Sewuxebul orofas (mefis asuls)
gaeRviZa. cudi winaTgrZnobiT SeS-
foTebulma orofam sisxam diliTve
gaiseirna sasaxlis maxloblad mego-
bar gogonebTan erTad _ zRvis napir-
Tan; yvavilebi dakrifes da gvirgvinebi
dawnes. im Jams-ve saidanRac gamoCnda
TeTri kuro (es saxe miiRo RmerTma
Zeusma orofas mosatyueblad da gasa-
taceblad).
ukmayofileba orofas saxeliT sxva,
Seuferebeli kontinentis saxelsebis
gamo, aRbeWdilia ara mxolod xseneb-
ul TqmulebaSi orofas Sesaxeb, aramed
istorikos herodotes (Zveli welTaR-
ricxvis mexuTe saukune) msjelobaSic
missave wignSi, romelsac “istoriebi”
ewodeba. herodotes mSobliuri qalaqi
_ halikarnasi, swored eurofas (oro-
fas) mSobliur mxareSi mdebareobda;
Cans, herodotes amitom swyinda sxva
kontinentisaTvis “eurofas” saxelis
mikuTvneba. herodote wuwunebda Tavisi
naSromis _ “istoriebis” mkiTxvelis
winaSe: msoflioSi sul sami konti-
nenti _ eurofa, azia, libia (kontinent
libias didi xnis Semdgom ewoda
“afrika”) da samives qalis saxeli
ewodeba da savsebiT uTavbolodo.
herodotes mosazrebiTac, mizanSe-
wonili iyo kontinentisadmi eurofa-
saxelis mikuTvneba, radgan mefis asul
eurofas im kontinentze arc ki ucx-
ovria. unda vicodeT, rom amJamadac
aris mcdeloba kontinents gadaerqvas
saxeli “eurofa” da sxva saxeli ewo-
dos (ixileT inglisurenovani sain-
terneto enciklopedia “uikipedia”-Si
sityva “eurofa”). davaa imazec, Tu vin
SeiZleba miCneul iqnes evropelad da
vin ara (iqve).
rogorc am werilis pirvel naxe-
varSi aRvniSneT, 2005 wels tokioSi
Catarda arqeologTa msoflio yrilo-
ba. erTi moxseneba mTlianad mieZRvna
evropelobis gaTavisebis dones amJamad
evropad wodebul kontinentze. aRin-
iSna, rom iqauri mosaxleobis didi
nawili arc warmomavlobiT, arc
erovnuli TvisebebiT, arc garegnobiT
ar aris is, rasac moiazreben cnebiT
“evropeli”. am mizeziT ver moxerxda
evropis mosaxleobis gaerTianeba _
evropis gaTavisebis SinaarsiT. piriqiT,
imZlavra urTierTgankerZoebisaken mis-
wrafebam. amis nimuSia germaniaSi oTxi
saxis axali fulis SemoReba mis oTx
mxareSi, qveynis SigniT, mosaxmarad. is
valuta ki ara, “vauCeriao”, weren spe-
cialistebi. fuli “evro” zog sax-
elmwifoSi ar uyvarT.
naTela fofxaZe,mkvlevari
ras niSnavs sityva “europa”
qera mxedari Tof-iaraRSi iyo
Camjdari. satevrisa da xmlis garda
zurgze gadadebuli hqonda ori Tofi,
tyavis budeebiani, marjvena mxares qa-
marze dambaCa ekida, marcxena mxa-
res_grZeli qisa, romlidanac Tavi
amoeyo Cibuxs. aSkarad etyoboda, rom
ymawvis kacs wamoRebuli hqonda ro-
gorc Tavisi, ise batonis iaraRi. mxe-
dari Tavad bekos yma iyo saxelad ko-
sta erqva. patara zerdag cxenze ijda,
marjvena xeliT ori mwevari eWi-
ra_franguli mustaSa da Singazrdi-
li_mercxala.
mxedrebs male sxvebic moematnen:
iqiT-aqeT jagebidan Tavi gamohyo mo-
nadireTa grovam. sxvadasxva feris ta-
nisamosi ecvaT: yviTeli, nacrisferi,
TeTri; yvela kostas tanisamosis
mzgavsad iyo Sekerili. zogs ZaRle-
bi eWira, zogs daxocili yurdReli.
cxenosani da qveiTi, moxuci da axal-
gazrda erTi meoreSi ireoda.
erTma biWma, saxegabrwyinvebulma,
mwevris daWerili da gaguduli kurd-
Reli Tavad bekos cxenis fexebTan
dasdo.
_ yoCaR, Cemo pexu!_ uTxra Tavad-
ma._ Senma frialam daiWira?.
_ diaR, batono, ai amaTa hkiTxeT, ro-
gor uyela yurdRels; yurdRelma
marjvniv gadauxvia, magram gvianRa iyo,
ramdenime nabiji gadaxta da kur-
dReli gadaakotila kideca...
_ yoCaR, yoCaR! etyoba, Cveni mwevrebi
marTla kargebi... magram bekom ver
moaswro sityva gaeTavebina, ise ram-
denime nabijis manZilze gaisma wkri-
ala xma meore xma meore biWisa.
monadireni mixvdnen, rasac iZaxda
biWi...
axali yurdReli gamoagdes. sain-
tereso iyo am dros es Tavmoyrili
xalxi. yvela ragac gamourkvevelma
grZnobam aitana. monadireT da maTTan
erTad Tavad bekos Tvalebi aenToT,
daaviwydaT yvelaferi da Sur-
duliviT win gaqanden, mwevrebi da
monadireni_yvelani erTad sacoda
yurdRels gamoudgnen, midamo
saSinelma, yurTa-smenis wamRebma yvir-
ilma moicva. es-Ra ismoda: `ariqa!
ariqa! ariqa!~...
mindors iqiT sofeli iwyeboda da
yurdRelic swored sofelSi Sevar-
da. mTeli sofeli, didi da patara
fexze dadga, yvela yviriliT
gamoudga cxovels. yurdRelma buC-
qebSi Sehyo Tavi, da oromtriali kar-
ga xans gagrZelda, radgan damalul
yurdRlis daWera arc magre advili
iyo. bolos mainc gamarjveba kostas
darCa_misma mercxalam amxela Tavi
isaxela.
xalxi da ZaRlebi daiRalnen
da dasveneba eWirebodaT. Tavadi
qvaze Camojda, did kaklis Ziras; sxve-
bi zmorebiT Semoexvivnen da daWeril
yurdRlis Sesaxeb gaabes laparaki. am
dros ramdenime cxenosanic movida,
romelTac nadirobaSi monawileoba
ar mieRoT.
axalmosulTa win mwvane anafori-
ani mRvdeli idga. grZeli WaRara
wveri gulze eyara, WroRa, Wkviani
Tvalebi jer isev Sav warbebs qve-
modan saxes umSvenebda. mRvdels ukan
misdevda patara kacunia, ase ocdaxu-
Ti wlisa. tanT ecva naxevrad rus
moxelis tanisamosi: xaverdis ar-
Siani da kokardiani qudi, galstuxi
da sirma-gadakerebuli RarTi. axlad-
misulTagani erTi Tavadis moZRvari
iyo, xolo meore_mdivani. maT misdev-
den danarCenni karis-kacni da msax-
urni. maTs Soris erTs xelze qori
ejda, xoxobis saWerad gawvrTnili.
axladmosulni kaklis xeze cota
moSorebiT gaCerden, Camoxtnen cx-
enebidan, mouaxlovden Tavads da
mowiwebiT gaCerden. imanac tkbilad
Tavi daukra.
_ getyobaT, kargaT ginadirniaT,
batono, _ moaxsena mRvdelma.
_ ara uSavs ra. Tqvenc karg droze
moxvediT. aba, gzas unda gavudgeT, bi-
namde kidev karga manZilia. neta,
romeli saaTi iqneba?_hkiTxa Tavadma
Taviss mdivans.
mdivanma osmaluri saaTi amoiRo
ubidan da moaxsena,_daRamebamde ori
saaTi kidev ariso.
_ pa, pa, pa!.. rogor dagvgvianebia! Sei-
Zleba, Ramemac gviswros gzaSi. aba,
Cqara gavudgeT gzas!
mwevrebi da monadireebi am sityve-
bis gagonebaze yvelani zeze wamoi-
Wrnen da ramdensame wuTs Semdeg erTs
sasoflo gzas, anu, ukeT, biliks, sul
ukanaskneli, ocda aTis kacisagan
Semdgari qaravani daadga.
2
Tavad beko sabaxTars auarebeli
komli yma hyavda aznaurebisa da
glexebisa. Tavis mxareSi ganTqmul da
gavlenian kacad iTvleboda. mama-pap-
aTa zne-CveulebisaTvis siberemde io-
tis odenac ar uRalatnia. daibada Tu
ara, ZiZas misces, afxazeTSi. ZiZa sams
weliwads awovebda ZuZus, amis Semdeg
ors weliwads kidev ise hyvanda
saxlSi. mere sabavSvo unagiriT Sekaz-
mul cxenze Sesves. Tan gamohyva ZiZa
da misi naTesavebi da mamis saxlSi
moiyvanes. mamam Svilis gasazrdeli
ZiZis TxuTmeti cxeni, ocdaaTi Zroxa
da ori komli mojalabe aCuqa; mTeli
es jogi mojalabianad afxazeTis
gzas gaudga. xolo Tavadis yrmas ax-
ali xana daudga aRzrdisa.
mSobelTa saxlSi mTeli naxevaris
wlis ganmavlobaSi beko mgeliviT
sul tyisken iyureboda, aravis ekare-
boda. unda gadasCveoda ZiZas,
ZiZiSvilebTan TamaSobas da SesCveo-
da ded-m: mas; afxazur enis magier
megruli eswavlna. sabednierod, saqme
kargad wavida da Svidis wlis beko
mamam Tavis Sianur mdivans, beruka
jiqias, miabara wera-kiTxvis saswavle-
blad.
mdivani bekos mamis yma-aznaurTa-
gani iyo, Wkviani, mixvedrili saxis
gamometyveleba hqonda. Tma naxevrad
daWaRareboda: mecnierebam udrood
daabara. zepirad icoda mTeli saRm-
rTo werili, saeklesio wesebi; sax-
orcielo Sinaarsis mwerlobidan
icoda `vefxis-tyaosani~; wakiTxul
hqonda CxruxaZis berZnuli anweri, ge-
ografia da istoria vaxuStisa xel-
naweri nawyvetebi herodotes, aris-
totelis da platonic TxzulebaTa.
misi midrekileba safilosofoso
wignebisa da sazogadod swavla-mec-
nierebisadmi aixsneboda, rogorc es
xSirad xdeba, mis maxinj garegnobiT.
cnobilia, rom brZenni iSviaTad ari-
an amave dros xorcieladac lamazni.
amitom beruka jiqias simaxinje mis
codnasTan erTad aravis ukvirda.
pataraobidanve sacodavs siarulis
magier fofxva-Ra SeeZlo uToebis ms-
gavs joxebis saSualebiT. am xor-
cielma simaxinjem beruka CamoaSora
sxvebs, romelnic martooden moZravs
da mawanwala cxovrebas eweoden, da
Zalauneburad miaCvia wignis kiTxvas.
batonis saxlSi beruka mdivnad iyo;
imas unda eTqva yvelasaTvis, rodis ra
marxva, uqme-dResaswauli ra dRes
modioda, aexsna sizmrebi, ra dRes ris
gakeTeba SeiZleboda da risa ara, da
sxva.
beko mousves anbans mTeli anbans
da isic xma-maRla gasZaxoda: an, ban,
gan... ase iZaxoda, sanam mTeli anbani
zepirad ar iswavla. zafxulobiT
beko kaklis xis Ziras ijda da iqa
swavlobda, zamTrobiT _ gaxurebul
buxris win. anbanis gaTavebas Semdeg
xelSi daviTni misces da daviTnis
swavla maSin gaaTava, roca wigni
sadme monastris sardafSi mTelis
saukunis ganmavlobaSi nagdebs da
Tagvebisagan daxrul xelnawers ar
daemsgavsa.
gadioda weliwadebi. swavlebis
saqme TandaTan win iwevda. ToTxmetis
wlis bekos maswavlebelma, rac Tvi-
Ton icoda, imis naxevari aswavla, da,
amis garda, bekom iswavla, rom mze-mi-
wis garSemo hbrunavs da ara
miwa_mzis garSemo. mamam maswavlebels
gamoucxada,_Svils axla ki eyofa
swavlao. maswavlebels Zalian ewyi-
na, magram arc is SeeZlo, winaaRmde-
gi eTqva rame.
beko ukve lamazi, mowifuli
ymawvili kaci dadga; unagirze
mSvenivraT ijda, AaWenebda ubelo
gadareul cxenebsac; TxuTmet nabi-
jis manZIlze danas Tofidan tyvias
axvedrebda, ocdaaTze_kvercxebs
amtvrebda, haerSi Zerasa hklavda;
miminoTi mwyrebze nadirobda;
ZaRlebiT irmebs, Svlebs, melias iW-
erda; Sina-ymebTan yovelgvar megrul
simRerebsa mReroda; TamaSObda afx-
azurad da lekurad daxrida Tvalebs
da wiTleboda lamaz qalis Sexve-
draze TamaSobis dros.
mamam bekos erTbaSad Seawyvetina
swavla; erTbaSadve, misTvis arc ki uk-
iTxavs, ise aiRo da coli SerTo. co-
lad SerTo erTis cnobil
TavadiSvilis erTad-erTi qali da
memkvidre mTelis qonebisa. patarZali
25 wlisa iyo. amdens xans qali gauTx-
ovrad imitom ki ara mjdara, rom uSno
iyo, aramed imitom, rom dedmama
Sesafer saqmros veRar hpoulobda
TavadiSvilebi; rac axalgazrda
TavadiSvilebi iyvnen, inguridan
mokidebuli suramamde, ueWvelad
enaTesaveboden qals; ZarTvebSi bebi-
is mxridan mefis sisxli edga, bebiis
dedis mxridan_mTavrisa; sabaxTarebi
ki, rogorc viciT, samasis wlis winad
gaTavadiSvilden, liparit dadianis
dros; amitom qalis mSoblebs beko
TavianT Sesafer sizes ar miaCndaT
daTu mainc qali miaTxoves, miaTxoves
imitom, rom eSinodaT, qali gauTx-
ovrad xelSi ar Semogvaberdeso.
jvarisweris Semdeg bekos coli
marTa Tavis mSoblebis saxlSi xuTs
weliwads cxovrobda da Tavis qmars
mxolod xandaxan xedavda. beko erTi-
oris dRiT Tu movidoda coleuris
saxlSi stumrad. amasobaSi awyobden
mziTEvs, romelic swores imdeni unda
yofiliyo, ramdenic aRniSnuli iyo
mziTvis siaSi. bekos simamrs Tu vin-
me kiTxavda, ratom ar aZlev siZes qal-
sao, Tavs imiT imarTlebda, rom er-
Tad-erTi qali myavs da ase male ro-
gor moviSOrovo. meeqvse weliwads
beko coli Taviss saxlSi waiyvana da
didis ambit gadaixada qorwili.
amis Semdeg bekos cxovrebaSi ori
RirsSesaniSnavi ambavi moxda: ocdaa-
Tians wlebSi bekom monawileoba mii-
Ro jiqebis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebaSi,
sadac Tavisi, asis kacisagan Semdga-
ri, razmi hyavda megrelebisa, xolo
ormocian wlebSi miwas miabara jer
deda da mere mama.
amis Semdeg bekom damoukideblaT
iwyo cxovreba.
misma ymebma yvelam icoda Tavisi
movaleoba, CveulebiT dakanonebuli,
da yvelafers uklebriv asrulebden.
aznaurebi sapatio mxleblebada hyav-
da, aznaurebive hyavda mouravebad, mo-
lareT-xucesad, mejinibeebad. maT
ebaraT marani da sxva. glexebs mo-
hqondaT sxvadasxva sursaTi: Rvino,
piri, cxvari, Zroxa da sxva. yvelam
icoda, ra emarTa da Taviss vals uk-
lebriv ixdida; magram rac emarTa,
imaze zewdmets veravis gamoarT-
mevdiT. magaliTad, erTs ojaxs emar-
Ta batonis sasaxleSi zurgiT SeSis
zidva. bekom ganizraxa gadasaxadi
Seemsubuqebina da uremi misca, magram
glexma gadaWrili uari uTxra aseT
Semsubuqebaze,_Cvenis Cveulebis
winaaRmdegiao. `batoni jer Taviss
urems momcems,_ambobda TavisTvis
glexi,_SeSis sazidavad. mere
metyvis_Senis urmiT momitaneo, Semdeg
ki amave urmiT simindis motanas mi-
brZabebs; es-ki Cveulebad gadameqce-
va da mec axali gadasaxadi damede-
ba_urmiT SeSis zidva. mere SeSa
isev moagondebaT da ZveleburaT
zurgiT mizidvineben~...
9ilori 16 marti 2010
samegrelo da svaneTi
korneli borozdini
am wignis avtoris, korneli
borozdinis samsaxureobrivi kariera
kavkasiaSi daiwyo. igi jer mTavarmar-
Teblis kancelariaSi muSaobda,
Semdeg ki (1854 wels) samegrelos
dedofalTan miavlines miwer-moweris
sawarmoeblad da misi Svilebis aR-
mzrdelad. 1858 wels dainiSna senakis
olqis ufrosad, sadac 1867 wlamde
imsaxura. swored aq gaecno igi
samegrelos mosaxleobis yofas,
romelic sainteresod aRwera Tavis
wignSi.
borozdinis mogonebebSi sakmaod
vrclad aris gadmocemuli os-
maleTis jarebis mier samegre-
los awiokeba, romelic Semdeg
rusma jariskacebma alagmes.
10 ilori16 marti 2010
gTavazobT nawyvets
akademikos klimenti
Selias wignidan”
iberiada iwyeba kolxeTiT,
kolxeTSia qarTuli da
msoflio civilizaciis
saTave
levan sanikiZe
barTlome sarTania naSromSi
“Zveli kolxeTi” wers: “yvela ers
Tavisi uZvelesi winapari hyavs.
qarTveli eris uZvelesi winaprebi ar-
ian arabi qaldebi. qaldebma war-
moSves kolxeTis megreli xalxi, _
speruli kolxuri gaerTianebebiT,
sakuTari erovnobiT da sax-
elmwifoebriobiT. rogorc Cans, aR-
mosavleT saqarTvelos qorTu xalxi
dasavleT sperul-kolxur erTeulis
organul nawils warmoadgens. droTa
ganmavlobaSi aRmosavleT saqarTve-
los qorTu xalxi da dasavleT
saqarTvelos kolx-megruli xalxi,
ert Zmur ojaxad gaerTianda _
qarTveli eris saxelwodebiT, qorTu
igive megrelia, aseve megreli igive
qorTu da qarTvelia. Zveli kolxeTi
qarTveli eris fuZemdebelia”. (barT-
lome sarTania, “Zveli kolxeTi”, Ju-
rnali “aia”, #1, 1998 weli).
sudanis arabma qaldebma, _ wers b.
sarTania _ asureTis sazRvarTan Se-
qmnes didi saxelmwifo, romelic
mraval samefos aerTianebda. qaldiis
xalxi Sedgeboda ramdenime monaTesave
tomisagan: tamalebi, tabalebi, kaskebi,
muskebi (muskebi _ gavixsenoT Wabua
amirejibis “daTa TuTaSxia”), heloxe-
bi, karduxebi, tibarebi (yvela aRwer-
ili aqvs ivane javaxiSvils) da sxve-
bi.
“Zveli welTaRricxvis 540 wels
qaldebma babiloni, siria da palesti-
na daipyres da warmoqmnes didi impe-
ria” (akademikosi becoldi _ “siria da
babiloni”). qaldebs sakuTari damw-
erloba hqondaT.
SemdgomSi aRniSnulma tomebma sax-
elebi icvales: tobalebi, karduxebi, he-
nioxebi, tabalebi, kaskebi da sxvebi.
kolxur-megrul gaerTianebas
miekuTvnebian muskebi, SemdegSi mesxe-
bad iwodebodnen _ ivane javaxiSvili
ar brZanebs _ ar ganmartavs, “Tu ratom
iqcnen muskebi saqarTveloSi mesxebad.
did qaldeaSi Semavali muskebic
megrelebi iyvnen”. (barTlome sarTania,
“Zveli kolxeTi”, gv. 47-48).
“megruli qaldea axlo aR-
mosavleTSi Tavis droze Zlieri sax-
elmwifo iyo kulturiTa da samxedro
ZlierebiT. megrulma qaldebma mravali
saukune ibatones mezobel qveynebze _
babilonze, siriaze, palestinasa da
ierusalimze. amrigad, megruli qaldea
veeberTela imperiis mflobeli qveyana
iyo uZveles droSi... rom megruli
qaldebis imperia axlo aRmosavleTSi
iyo pirvel megrelTa saimperio qveyana
miuxedavad imisa, rom igi im periodSi
satomo saxelad megrels ar atarebda”
(iqve).
rogorc aRiniSna, mecnierebs
garkveuli aqvT, rom egviptur civi-
lizacias didi xniT win uswrebda
SuamdinareTis civilizacia, xolo
qalRmerT nanas qandakeba (Suamd-
inareTi) egviptur qalRmerT isidas
(SviliT) qandakebas. aseve madona, ro-
gorc nana, uZvelesi megruli sax-
elia.
warRvnis Sesaxeb legendis ramden-
ime varianti arsebobs. erT-erTi uZve-
lesia gilgameSis eposi. warRvnis gmi-
rad naxsenebia zisudra; gilgameSis
eposSi mocemuli gmirebi sumbaba, en-
qidu, uTu, araru, agreTve maSus mTa,
TviT gilgameSSic ki ixsnebian lazur-
megrulad.
gilgameSi gamoyvanilia rogorc
energiuli da gambedavi axalgazrda
mefe, romelic Sumeruli da aqaduri
eposis gmiria.
“zisudra Surufaqidan iyo, romel-
sac upretenzio qalaqis saxeli hqon-
da. swored aqidan SearCia RvTaeba en-
qim Sesaferisi pirovneba, romelsac
gaando saidumlo da daavala moe-
grovebina yvela cocxali arseba wyvi-
lad, moeTavsebina xomaldSi _ bib-
liur kidobanSi da dalodeboda
stiqias, romelic movida warRvnis
saxiT. stiqia-warRvnas radaurCnen mx-
olod xomaldSi moTavsebuli arse-
bani. warRvnis semdeg yvela cocxali
arseba zisudram (bibliurma noem)
gauSva TavianT gzaze, dedamiwas Seu-
narCuna asamianis modgmis warRvnamde
arsebuli yvela cocxali arseba”
(bada (negusi) sofia, laz megrelTa...
gv.48).
Sumeruli miTis mixedviT warRvnis
mTavari gmiris zisudras (bibliuri
noes) saxeli ukvdavi gaxda. aseve ukv-
davi gaxda qalaq Surufaqis saxelic,
sadac mosamzadebeli muSaoba Caatara
zisudram warRvnamde, warRvnis dros
da mis Semdeg. yvelaferi amis “Semdeg
RmerTebma zisudras ukvdaveba uboZes
da dimunis erT-erT kunZulze, mdinaris
SesarTavTan daasaxles coliT da
mosamsaxuriT, romelsac Sumeruli
gadmocemis Tanaxmad, mxolod gil-
gameSi estumra
rogorc Sumeruli Tqmulebidan
Cans da rogorc mecnierebsac dadge-
nili aqvT, warRvnis Sesaxeb Tqmuleba
protoSumerebs ekuTvniT, e.i. bananuri
enis matarebel xalxs. bibliis Semqm-
nelebs igi swored Sumeruli legen-
didad aqvT gadmocemuli”. amtkiceben,
rom gilgameSis legenda daedo sa-
fuZvlad gmirebs berZnebisas _ herak-
les, romaelebisas _ herkuless,
qarTvelebisa _ amirans, megrelebisa _
verexuts (aramxuts) da sxvebs. veremx-
utu (aramxutu) eomeboda samTavian,
xuTTavian, cxraTavian devebs da
cecxlismfrqvevel urCxuls, da ise
Zlieri da gonieria, rom amarcxebs maT.
“gilgameSis” da “veremxutus” sax-
elebi erT enaze da erTnairi tradi-
ciebidanaa warmoSobili da orive
saxelis warmoSoba ekuTvnis laz-
megrelebs (bada (negusi) sofia, laz
megrelTa... gv.118).
Sumeruli miTosuri kunZulis sax-
elwodeba “dilmuni” lazur-megruli
warmoSobisaa. dilmunSi qvriv-oblebi
ar arian, yvav-yornebi ar Cxavian, lomi
aravis erCis, mgeli batkans ar glejs
da sxva. dalmuni wminda da ubiwo adg-
ilia; aRapa da Svidi afqali dResac
ixmareba megrulad; aseve enqidu, sum-
baba, marduki, enqiea da sxvebi pirdapir
megruli warmomavlobis sityvebia.
Sumeruli miTebis msgavsi zRaprebi
mravlad aris megrul-svanurSi; Zveli
babilonis teritoriaze mcxovrebsa da
laz-megrul (Wanur) salaparako enaSi
bevri damTxvevebia (amaze zemoTac vi-
laparakeT da kvlavac gveqneba
saubari).
rogorc iTqva, cnobilia, Sumerebi da
pelazgi-kolxebi urTierTSoris did
kulturul gavlenas axdendnen. ise, ro-
gorc Sumerebi, kolxebi did pativs
scemdnen mTvaris RvTaeba “nana”-s.
megrulad “nana”, rogorc bevrjer
iTqva, dedasac niSnavs da mas kolxe-
bi (megrelebi) ganuzomlad Tayvans
scemdnen da scemen. samegrelos yvela
kuTxeSi dedas “nana” hqvia, da oTxi Tu
xuTi aTasi wlis win am RvTaebriv
“nana”-s ulamazes simRerebs um-
Rerodnen: “nanaia nana”, “nanasqua”, “di-
doia nana”, “vov nana”. aseve TavianTi
saxelmwifo “aia”-s sadideblad Seuqm-
niaT egriselebs (kolxebs)
daaxloebiT oTxi-xuTi aTasi wlis win
iseTi ulamazesi simRerebi, rogoric
aris “odoia” _ mTvaris RvTaeba “nana”-
ze da igive dedaze. es simRerebi Se-
qmnilia egeosis zRvis kunZul evbeize.
“Sumerebsac” simRerebi hqondaT Ta-
vianT qalaq erexeTze da mTvaris Rv-
Taeba “nana”-ze. megrelebs aqvT simR-
era qalaq erexeTze _ “erexeTi-merex-
eTi”, romelsac dResac mRerian.
ese igi pelazg-kolxebs-megrelebs,
laz-Wanebs, svanebs aRniSnul period-
Si axlo urTierToba hqondaT
“SumerebTan”, es iqidanac Cans, rom hqon-
daT qalaq-saxelmwifo “aia”, hyavdaT
mefeebi hiperioni da heliosi (ambrosi
kilasonia, Zveli kolxuri..., gv. 71).
zemoT aRniSnuli Svidi afqalis
Sesaxeb bada sofia wers: “Sumeruli
gadmocemiT afqalebi, RvTaeba enqis
naSierebi arian, romlebmac istori-
amdel xanaSi civilizaciis sawyisebi
Semoitanes Sumeris miwa-wyalze.
Sumerul da aqadur teqstebSi Svidi
afqali moxseniebulia, rogorc Svidi
brZeni... gadmocema Tel-elobiedis
kulturis Semqmnel xalxs ekuTvnis.
Svidi afqali, e.i. Svidi brZeni bananuri
enis matarebeli xalxis _ laz-
megrelebis enaze yofila Seqmnili...
Svidma afqalma Seaswavla bananuri
enis xalxs yvela is sikeTe, ris Sede-
gadac warmoiSva Semdeg Sumeruli
civilizacia” (bada (negusi) sofia,
laz-megrelTa..., gv. 121).
kolxeT-“SumereTis” urTierTobas-
Tan dakavSirebiT oriode sityviT
aRvniSnavT babiloneTis saxelmwifos
warmoSobis zogierT sakiTxs. Suamd-
inareTis saxelmwifo babiloneTi war-
moiSva Zveli welTaRricxvis mesame
aTaswleulSi. mas ewodeboda “Sumeri
da aqadi”. babiloneTis istoriis
pirveli periodi moicavs Zveli
welTaRricxvis 1895-1595 wlebs.
qalaqi babiloni (berZnulad Rmer-
Tis karibWe, Zvelebraulad sityva
balal-is mixedviT _ areva, miTis
mixedviT _ daumTavrebeli qalaqi)
Seiqmna Zveli welTaRricxvis mesame
aTaswleulSi, romelic daaarses
“Sumerebma”. qalaqi jer emorCileboda
aqadis mefeebs (Zveli welTaRricxvis
XXIV-XXII saukuneebi, xolo Semdeg
uris III dinastiis mefeebs).
Zveli welTaRricxvis III saukunemde
babiloni iyo Zveli aRmosavleTis
ekonomikuri, politikuri da kultu-
ruli centri. Zveli welTaRricxvis
539 wels is daikava kiros meorem, Zveli
welTaRricxvis 331 wels aleqsandre
makedonelma, 321 wels ki qalaqs daeu-
fla selevki I, romelmac mosaxleobis
didi nawili gaasaxla selevkiaSi
(qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, tomi
2).
aRsaniSnavia, rom babilonuri mx-
atvrul-literaturuli Semoqmedeba
ZiriTadad Semoinaxa asureTis wign-
sacavebma (gansakuTrebiT asur bani-
falis). am literaturidan pirvel
rigSi aRsaniSnavia miTebi Suamd-
inareTelTa kosmogoniur, kos-
mologiur da Teologiur Sexedile-
bebze. mevnierebis ganviTarebis maRal
doneze migvaniSnebs isic, rom mzis dab-
neleba pirvelad babilonSi aRweres
Zveli welTaRricxvis 721 wels. imasac
miuTiTeben, rom mzis dabneleba pirve-
lad Cinelma Cu bum aRwera Zveli
welTaRricxvis 709 wels. Tu es asea,
orive aRmoCena erTmaneTisagan
damoukideblad momxdara. (gazeTi “ax-
ali Taoba”, 2007 wlis 17 ivlisi, #194).
Zveli welTaRricxvis V-IV
aTaswleulSi gaCnda stilizebuli
gamosaxulebiT Semkuli Tixis sakul-
to WurWeli, Tixis statuebi, Zveli
welTaRricxvis IV aTaswleulis Sua
xanebSi daiwyo taZrebis intensiuri
mSenebloba, _ aRniSnavs profesori
zurab kiknaZe.
qarTul enciklopediaSi miTiTebu-
lia: III aTaswleulis Sua xanebidan
metalurgiaSi ukve cnobili iyo
Camosxma, kverva, Wedva, oqrosa da ver-
cxlis mavTulis damzadeba. swored
rkinisa da foladis (metalurgiis)
pirvelki aRmoCenebi kolxur tomebSi
xalibebSi iyo. kolxeTSi III
aTaswleulis Sua xanebSi met-
alurgiul warmoebas safuZveli hqo-
nia Cayrili.
rogorc Cans, sameTuneo Carxis
gamogoneba, romelic kacobriobis
udidesi monapovaria, bananur enaze mo-
laparake xalxs ekuTvnis.
qveda mesopotamiis samxreTiT brin-
jaos xanas safuZveli Caeyara Zveli
welTaRricxvis 2.800-2.700 wlebSi. brin-
jao miRebulia spilenZisa da kalis
Senadnobisagan, romelsac Sumeruli
leqsikoniT “zimbari” ewodeba. es ter-
minic ekuTvnis bananur enaze mola-
parake laz-megrelebs da ueWvelia, rom
brinjaos Senadnobis damuSavebis
teqnologiac ekuTvnis am xalxs.
aseve, rkinis aRmoCenis zusti TariRi
dadgenili ar aris. rkinis gadamuSave-
bis teqnikuri procesi gasaidumloe-
buli iyo Zveli welTaRricxvis II
aTaswleulis bolomde. rkinis aRmo-
Cena da damuSaveba xdeba Sav-
izRvispireTis samxreT-aRmosavleTSi,
qalaq trapizonis mimdebare terito-
riaze _ farnakiaSi. am xalxs adre Se-
qmnili hqondaT liTonis, oqros, ver-
cxlis damuSavebis teqnologia da sxva
didmniSvnelovani sakacobrio saqmeebi.
strabonis TqmiT, xaldebi _ xalibebi
ufro adre megrelebad moixseniebod-
nen. swored am xalxebma Seqmnes
Sumeris civilizaciisaTvis saWiro
niadagi da TviT Sumeris civilizacia.
bananur enaze molaparake megrel-
xaldebs vrceli teritoriebi ekavaT
qveda mesopotamiis samxreTsa da
CrdiloeTSi, mesopotamiis aR-
mosavleTSi, Savi zRvis samxreT-aR-
mosavleTSi, tigrosisa da evfratis
saTaveebSi, vanisa da urmis tbebis mi-
damoebSi. am xalxs “sakacobrio
mniSvnelobis codna ramdenime
aTaswleulebis siRrmidan mohyve-
boda... dRes mecnierebis mier dad-
genili yvela xana, qvis xanis garda,
Seqmnili yofila bananuri enis
matarebelis namoRvawaris sa-
fuZvelze” _ wers bada sofia” (bada
(negusi) sofia, laz-megrelTa..., gv. 199-
200).
klimenti Seliaakademikosi,
damsaxurebuli moRvawe.
“kolxeTi _ Cveni samyaros karibWe
11ilori 16 marti 2010
afxazeTis Rirseuli Svilebi
afxazebisTvisac da qarTvelebisTvisac erTnairad saamayo adamianisimarTle giTxraT, sevdas mgvri-
da is ambavi, rom afxazeTis
xelisufleba quCebsa da dawese-
bulebebs qarTul saxelebs ucvl-
ida, rac yovelTvis Cveni erTo-
blivi mdidari warsulis waSlis
mcdelobad mesaxeboda. erTaderTi,
ramac gamaxara, iyo is, rom soxum-
Si erT-erT quCas didi afxazi mec-
nieris simon aSxvacavas saxeli
uwodes. mivxvdi, rom yvelaferi
dakarguli jer kidev ar aris,
radgan arseboben is afxazi da
qarTveli mamuliSvilebi, romelTa
xsovnac erTnairad Zvirfasia ro-
gorc qarTvelebisaTvis, ise afx-
azebisaTvis. Znelia im mware war-
sulis daviwyeba, roca uamrav
adamians mouswrafa sicocxle
ZmaTaSoris atexilma uazro omma,
romlis zRvarzec afxazebi da
qarTvelebi orive xalxis
moRalate arakeTilsindisierma
vai-politikosebma wamoiwyes, ma-
gram ukandasaxevi gza moWrili
gvaqvs, radgan ukan siaruli mx-
olod dagvaSorebs erTmaneTs. Cven
win unda viaroT, mxolod win, da
maSin aucileblad SevxvdebiT erT-
maneTs, TvalebSi CavxedavT, movef-
erebiT didi xnis unaxav monatrul
adamianebs da SevecdebiT, rom erT-
maneTs mware Secdoma mivutevoT.
swored am saqmes moemsaxureba
dReidan Cveni gazeTis axali
rubrika “afxazeTis Rirseuli
Svilebi”. amjerad gTavazobT wer-
ils SesaniSnav adamianze, did afx-
az mecniersa da mamuliSvilze
simon aSxvacavaze.
simon aSxvacava gudauTis raionis
ulamazes sofel lixnSi daibada. igi
TavadTa sagvareulos warmomadgeneli
gaxldaT _ “aSxvaci” Tavaduri gvaria,
daboloveba “va” mogvianebiT miamates...
misi bebiebic Tavadis qalebi iyvnen,
dedac... lakerbais, inalifas, SarvaSiZis
STamomavalni.
simon aSxvacavam qarTuli ena ar
icoda _ suliT da msoflmxedvelobiT
afxazi iyo.
miuxedavad amisa, zogierTi misi
statia, romelic exeboda saqarTvelosa
da afxazeTis erTianobis sakiTxs,
xSirad xdeboda xolme cxare kamaTis
sagani mecnierTa Soris. simon aSxva-
cava yvelafers akeTebda saimisod,
rom afxazeTs mxolod win evlo...
simons tartus universiteti hqonda
damTavrebuli, razedac im periodSi
bevrs natvrac ki ar SeeZlo. igi gaxl-
daT pirveli afxazi enaTmecnieri da
arqeologi.
simon aSxvacava niko marTan da ivane
javaxiSvilTan erTad muSaobda da mec-
nieruli analiziT daaskvna, rom ara
marto afxazebs, mTel CrdiloeT
kavkasias damwerlobad qarTuli anbani
unda hqondeso. ase arc erTi anbani ar
uxdeba kavkasiur enebso, acxadebda
didi afxazi mecnieri. erTi periodi es
sakiTxi gadawyvetiladac ki iTvle-
boda. simon aSxvacava ocnebobda, wa-
suliyo SveicariaSi, daemzadebina
Srifti da soxumSi Camoetana... magram,
rogorc Cans, qarTul-afxazur Zmur
urTierTobebs momtero elementebi
arasodes aklda, romelTa mcdelo-
biTac afxazuri literaturuli sivr-
cidan ganidevna qarTuli, romelic
Caanacvla slavurma anbanma. es ki kidev
erT dabrkolebad Seiqmna afxazebisa
da qarTvelebis saukunovani megobro-
ba-naTesaobisaTvis.
simon aSxvacavam soxumSi daaarsa
ori instituti, sadac bunebisme-
tyvelebasa da enaTmecnierebas aswavl-
ida. marTalia erT sistemaSi muSaobd-
nen, magram simoni nestor lakobas bevr
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT upirispirde-
boda da yovelTvis inarCunebda
damoukidebel azrsa da Sexedulebas.
simoni literaturul saqmianobasac
eweoda _ dawera ori piesa afxazeTis
cxovrebaze _ “safar bei” da “omar bei”,
romlebic soxumis TeatrSi daudgams
kidec.
bolos igi afxazeTis ganaTlebis
ministri iyo. swored ministrobisas,
1938 wlis dasawyisSi daxvrites ume-
cari moSurneebis dasmenis Sedegad _
zRvis sanapiroze gamoasalmes sic-
ocxles da mkvlelTa varaudis
sapirispirod muxlebze mdgomi ar
evedreboda maT _ nu momklavTo.
amayad, vaJkacurad Seegeba mzakvarTa
xeliT nasrol tyvias...
mogvianebiT soxumSi, maqsim gorkis
saxelobis pedagogiuri instituti
gaixsna, romlis ceremonialsac sab-
WoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva umaRlesi
saswavleblebis warmomadgenlebi
eswrebodnen, romelTa Soris gaxldaT
tartus universitetis reqtoric. man
Turme aRSfoTebiT mimarTa damswre
sazogadoebas: “me tartus univer-
sitetSi Tqveni saamayo Tanamemamule
mecnieris simon aSxvacavas portreti
mikidia, Tqven ki mis saxels umaRles
saswavlebels ar arqmevTo?!”.
marTlac sawyenia is ambavi, rom
dRevandel afxazeTSi viRacas ar
surs gaixsenos, Tu rogor ixsna simon
aSxvacava ueWveli sikvdilisagan
qarTvelma Tavadma nikoloz (kola)
erisTavma.
aqve am pirovnebazec mogaxsenebT
oriod sityvas: kola erisTavi iyo
saqarTvelos erovnuli moRvawe, didi
qvelmoqmedi, ilia WavWavaZis Taname-
brZoli. iliam igi bankis mmarTvelad
gaagzavna, im dros, lamis erTianad
somxebiT dasaxlebul qiziySi, sadac
erisTavma araerTi kargi qarTuli
saqme gaakeTa. xalxs Zalian uyvarda
es warmosadegi da Wkviani vaJkaci,
romelic sxvisi niWis piruTvneli
damfasebeli gaxldaT. vaJa-fSavelas-
Tan megobrobda Turme, didad afaseb-
da da xels uwyobda genialur qarTv-
el poets...
studentobisas simon aSxvacava afx-
azeTisaTvis saukeTeso politikuri mo-
mavlis ZiebaSi revolucias miemxro,
mere ki aumxedrda. magram misi es saq-
cieli ar gaxldaT politikaSi
gauTviTcnobierebeli axalgazrda
kacis mier gauazrebeli
gadawyvetilebis miRebis Sedegi. simon
aSxvacavam Tavidanve gansWvrita, rom
revolucia bevri sikeTis momtani ver
iqneboda mcire erebisaTvis da obieq-
turi pozicia daikava, ramac
gansazRvra kidec misi politikuri da
moqalaqeobrivi sasicocxlo kredo.
amgvari politikuri azrovnebis gamo
erTi xani metexis cixeSi ijda. iq mZ-
imed daavadda da naxevrad mkvdari
gamoagdes cixidan. xis Ziras iyo
migdebuli da nel-nela qreboda...
swored am dros Cauvlia metexis
cixesTan etliT kola erisTavs.
_ naxeT, viRac kaci gamougdiaT cix-
idan, iqneb cocxali aRarc ki aris,
midi, naxe, sunTqavs Tu arao, _
ubrZanebia kolas meetlisaTvis.
meetle mivida, simoni gadmoabruna,
yurebi mousrisa da gaxarebulma SesZa-
xa:
_ cocxalia, batono, sunTqavs!..
ris vai-vaglaxiT Casves etlSi ax-
algazrda dauZlurebuli kaci da ko-
lam igi axalgorSi waiyvana, eris-
Tavebis mamulSi.
erTi weliwadi mkurnalobdnen eris-
TavTa ojaxis wevrebi simon aSxvacavas.
im droisaTvis saqarTveloSi saukeTe-
so eqimi lasxiSvili dauyenebiaT avad-
myofis sarecelTan da, rogorc ityvian,
sikdils gamostaces xelidan axal-
gazrda kaci, romelic mxolod afx-
azur enaze metyvelebda.
maSin kola erisTavis umcrosi qal-
iSvili nina 19 wlisa yofila. mas si-
moni Seuyvarda Turme, romelmac aseve
siyvaruliT upasuxa mSvenier asuls.
gamojanmrTelebisTanave simon aSxva-
cava da nina erisTavi daqorwindnen _
jvari daiweres da maSinve afxazeTSi
gadavidnen sacxovreblad.
erisTavis qals aq sul sxva kul-
tura daxvda, romelic meuRlis didi
siyvarulis gamo uxmod miiRo _ rZa-
li fexebs hbanda mamamTils... afxazuri
kerZebic imdenad cxare iyo, rom
qarTlur lbil samzareulos
miCveuli qali verasgziT ver Seegua.
rogorc Cans, Tavs mainc gaucxoebulad
grZnobda. moajdeboda xolme cxens da
dilidan saRamomde jiriTobda. saTu-
Tad gazrdili erisTavis asuli gaciv-
da, tuberkuloziT daavadda da 31
wlis asakSi gardaicvala, rac didi
dartyma iyo simon aSxvacavasaTvis.
maT erTaderTi Svili darCaT _
Salva aSxvacava, romelsac es saxeli
ninas erTaderTi Zmis, 1921 wels
daRupuli iunkris, Salva erisTavis pa-
tivsacemad daanaTles.
Semdeg iyo TavauRebeli muSaoba, ax-
ali samecniero traqtatebi, protestis
Riad gamoxatva bolSevikuri Zalado-
bis gamo, rasac dabezRebebi, simonis da-
patimreba da daxvreta mohyva. Salva
maSin mxolod 13 wlisa iyo da bol-
Sevikebma igi ZaRliviT gamoagdes
gagris sakuTari saxlidan. bavSvi 6
Tvis ganmavlobaSi soxumis botanikur
baRSi cxovrobda da mcenareebiTa da
Zirxvenebis WamiT ibrunebda suls...
mogvianebiT Turme Salva ambobda:
“dedas ar vuyvardi, arasodes mefere-
bodao”.
es ar gaxldaT simarTle, radgan
uimedo sneul ninas eSinoda Svil-
isaTvis ar gadaedo es momakvdinebeli
daavadeba da amitomac erideboda er-
TaderT sayvarel pirmSosTan urTier-
Tobas. gvian RamiT pirbades aikravda,
xelTaTmanebs gaikeTebda da saxeSe-
qceviT efereboda mZinare Salvas...
lamis samyaros dasasruls hgavda
bavSvisaTvis mamis daxvreta. igi mTlad
daoblda. didebuli iaraRiT
gawyobili uZvirfasesi noxi darCa
Turme saxlSi, saidanac bolSevikebma
gamoaZeves. sasowarkveTili bavSvi Sin-
saxkomelebs evedreboda: iaraRi mainc
damitoveTo, isini ki dascinodnen da
wixlebiT igeriebdnen.
mainc gaumarTla patara Salvas _
ramdenime Tvis Ziebis Semdeg deidam
ipova da deduleTSi waiyvana sacx-
ovreblad, magram afxazeTi mainc mw-
vave tkivilad darCa bavSvis mexsiere-
baSi.
Salva aSxvacavam 1956 wels miiRo
mamis reabilitaciis cnoba. aR-
mzrdelma deidam urCia, _ Cadi afx-
azeTSi, iqneb ojaxis kuTvnili
qonebidan rame mainc dagibrunono. im
dros afxazeTis saolqo komitetis
pirveli mdivani, sikeTiT gamorCeuli
pirovneba, bRaJba iyo, mTel sabWoTa
kavSirSi ki moqalaqeTa Cawerisa da
adgilebze damagrebis mkacri wesebi
mZvinvarebda. amitom uTqvams bRaJbas:
TbilisSi cxovrobT da ver dagex-
marebiT, soxumSi Tu gadmoxvalT
sacxovreblad, yvelafers mogcemTo...
aSxvacavebis saxli daengriaT. Sal-
va Zalze mokrZalebuli pirovneba
iyo: uTxovia, bevri araferi minda,
sadme ori oTaxi momeciTo. gamouyves...
magram Svils mamis saxsovrad Za-
lian undoda raime mainc epova simo-
nis kuTvnili Zveli nivTebidan.
SemTxveviT gaigo, rom erT-erTi par-
tiuli moRvawis saxlSi inaxeboda
maTi aveji. magram am ojaxis di-
asaxlisma, romelsac aveji Sal-
vasaTvis misacemad ar emeteboda, Turme
erTianad dasera tyavis SesaniSnavi
sameuli, magram Salvam igi mainc
wamoiRo, radgan mamis xelSenaxebi
nivTebi misTvis simdidre ki ara,
lamazi warsulis xsovna iyo...
aSxvacavebis ojaxi dResac
rudunebiT inaxavs simoniseul, dro-
Jamisagan gacrecil sameuls... kedels
ki nina erisTavis maTraxi amSvenebs...
es aris naTeli xsovna, romelic um-
Tavresia rogorc adamianebis, ise ere-
bis cxovrebaSi. da kidev: am ambavs
erTi saocari Tavisebureba aqvs _ Za-
lianac rom moindomo, afxazebis ambavs
ise ver mohyvebi, qarTvelebi rom ar
axseno...
Cven gadavxedeT 1980-ian wlebSi
gamocemul qarTul sabWoTa encik-
lopedias da, Cvenda samwuxarod, iq si-
mon aSxacavaze dawerili erTi
striqonic ki ver aRmovaCineT. es ukve
Cveni, _ qarTvelebis didi sircxvilia.
amitom, gazeTi “ilori” Txovs yvelas,
visac ki raime wignebi, simon aSxvacavas
xelnawerebi da am pirovnebasTan
dakavSirebuli nebismieri dokumenti
gaaCnia, gadmougzavnos igi redaqcias.
Cven gvinda movamzadoT wigni am
SesaniSnav pirovnebaze da misi erTo-
blivad gamocemiT ukvdavyoT simon
aSxvacavas saxeli, romelic erTnairad
Zvirfasia rogorc afxazebis, aseve
qarTvelebisaTvis.
“citata-
Sexseneba
afxazeTis xalxma organu-
lad gaaerTiana Tavisi
erovnebisa da xalxis damax-
asiaTebeli tradiciebi, adaT-
wesebi, xasiaTi da Tavisebure-
bani, Seqmna adgilobrivi
adamianis erTiani kolorit-
uli tipi, unikaluri yofiTi
kultura, uromlisodac ver
warmoudgeniaT sakuTari Tavi
verc adgilobriv qarTvelebs
da verc afxazebs. afxazeTis
dRevandeli xelmZRvanelebis
gancxadeba, rom sisxliT,
tradiciebiT da adaTebiT afx-
azebi ufro axlos dganan
Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebTan, _
arasworia. arabebic da
ebraelebic semitebi arian, ma-
gram moZme xalxs verafriT
uwodeb. aviRoT igive naTe-
sauri kavSirebi: adiReelebsa
da yabardoelebTan afxazebis
danaTesaobis SemTxvevebi
ukiduresi iSviaToba iyo, im
dros, rodesac adgilobriv
qarTvelebsa da afxazebs
Soris qorwineba Cveulebrivi
movlena gaxldaT.
aleqsandre WaWia,
1996 wlis dekemberi”.
vazis saocari jiSifirma "gamwvaneba" krwanisi gTavazobT unikaluri jiSis vazs,
romelsac Cveni Soreuli winaprebi jer kidev me-12 saukuneSi
aSenebdnen varZiaSi terasebze mowyobil venaxebSi. TeTri da
Savi jiSis vazi isxams 3-kilogramian mtevnebs, da rac mTavaria,
yinva da gvalvagamZle jiSis vazi xarobs saqarTvelos nebis-
mier kuTxeSi _ subtropikuli zoniT dawyebuli da alpuri
zoniT damTavrebuli. mas ar Wirdeba Sewamlva, rTvloba ki Sua
seqtembers ar scildeba. vazs, romelic mosavals mesame wels
iZleva, ar sWirdeba mobarva da swored amitomac daarqva fir-
mis xelmZRvanelma zaur Tabagarma "samefo" da "saTavado", radgan
am wris xalxs qeifi ufro exerxeboda, vidre venaxis movla.
tel. 72-05-06.
mis. _ Tbilisi, gorgasalis 52. Sps "gamwvaneba" krwanisi.
ilori16 marti 2010
iumori
avtorebs ekisrebaT
pasuxismgebloba faqtebisa da
monacemebis sizusteze
redaqciis misamarTia:
Tbilisi,
zandukelis quCa #1
sareg.#01018002930
www ilori.gee-mail:[email protected] ganTavseba
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mTavari redaqtori: roland jalaRania
mT. redaqtoris moadgile: daviT qobalia
teqnikuri redaqtori: mixeil CodriSvili
gazeTis menejeri: zurab qobalia
gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “saukeTeso safexburTo klubebi”
gazeTi “saqarTvelo da msoflio”
erT-erTi lideri qarTul mediasivrceSi!
misi ZiriTadi kredo _ SeiZleba, zogjer Zalze
mware, magram mainc simarTle, mxolod simarTle!
msoflioSi mimdinare politikuri procesebis miu-
kerZoebeli analizi, saintereso publikaciebi, in-
terviuebi, problemaTa profesiuli, obieqturi
xedva, patriotuli suliskveTeba da maRali zneo-
bisadmi swrafva, myari moqalaqeobrivi pozicia, pa-
triotizmi, principuloba da ara sijiute, axal-
gazrda Taobis sulieri formirebis procesebSi
Rrma wvdoma, SemecnebiTi informaciebi msoflios
sxvadasxva qveynebidan, fantastika da realoba...
idiasinkrazia yovelgvari siyviTlisa da iaffasiani
sensaciebisadmi!
es gazeTi mxolod seriozul mkiTxvelzea gaTv-
lili _ araseriozulebi da kuluaruli iafi Wor-
intrigebis moyvarulebi nu gamogvexmaurebian!
SeiZineT da ikiTxeT gazeTi
“saqarTvelo da msoflio”!
daarsebulia 1945 wels,
stadioni “crvena zvezda”, 98.000 mayurebeli.
iugoslaviis Cempioni 22-jer,
iugoslaviis Tasis 18-gzis mflobeli,
sakontinentTaSoriso Tasis mflobeli 1991 wels,
evropis CempionTa Tasis mflobeli 1991 wels.
iugoslaviaSi Seqmnili es SesaniSnavi sportuli koleqtivi
erTaderTi safexburTo klubia, romlis saxelwodebac sxva-
dasxva enebze sxvadasxvanairad JRers. magaliTad, serbul en-
aze “crvena zvezda” wiTel droSas niSnavs da mTeli msoflio
mas am saxeliT moixseniebs. “wiTeli droSa” ki germanulad
aris “roter Stern”, frangulad _ “etual ruJi”, espanur en-
aze _ “estrelia roxa”, italiurad “stella rosa”, inglisur
enaze ki “red star”.
ZoiriTadad etNikuri ser-
bebiT dakompleqtebulma
gundma msoflio fexburTis
elitaSi Rirseuli adgili
daimkvidra 1991 wels, roca
jer evropis CempionTa Tasis
mflobeli gaxda, xolo Semdeg
ki sakoninentTaSorisi Tasic
moipova. amave wels iugosla-
vias politikuri qartexilebis
grigalma gadauara, romelic
xangrZlivi sisxlimRvreli
omebis Sedegad dasrulda imiT,
rom iugoslavia ramdenime da-
moukidebel saxelmwifod dai-
Sala. gamZafrebulma politi-
kurma wiaRsvlebma da usa-
marTlod daRvilma uamravi
udanaSaulo xalxis sisxlma
gamoiwvia is ambavi, rom iugo-
slaviis safexburTo nakrebi
da am qveynis sportuli klu-
bebi masobrivad gairicxnen
saerTaSoriso Sejibrebebidan.
“crvena zvedasaTvis” es la-
mis katastrifiT dasrulda,
radgan is sabanko angariSebi,
romelzec ucxoelebTan sa-
fexburTo kontraqtebis wya-
lobiT iugoslaviaSi milio-
nobiT Tanxebi iricxeboda,
mTel msoflioSi moulodne-
lad uceb gaiyina. politi-
kuri maxvili sabediswerod
Seexo iugoslaviis fexburTsac. oficialurad isini aravis
gausamarTlebia, magram fexburTelebi da sportis sxva
saxeobaTa warmomadgenlebi usamarTlod daisajnen qveyanaSi
gamefebuli saxelisuflebo teroris gamo. marTalia iugo-
slaveli fexburTelebi manamde msoflio an evropis Cempio-
nebi arasodes gamxdaran (1960 wlis evropis Cemnpionatis fi-
nalSi isini sabWoTa kavSiris nakrebTan damarcxdnen anga-
riSiT 2:1), magram isini uamravi maRali titulebis mflobe-
lebi iyvnen da iugoslavTa Tundac droebiTi aryofna Tavi-
sebur auryofiT daRs asvamda msoflio fexburTis samyaros.
“crvena zvezda” iyo ukanaskneli safexburTo klubi, rom-
lebic eTamaSnen cnobil “basbis biWebs” _ “manCester iunai-
teds”. swored iugoslaviidan gamgzavrebuli manCesterele-
bis TviTmfrinavi daimsxvra miunhenis aeroportSi, rasac ram-
denime msoflioSi saxelganTqmuli fexburTeli sicocxle
Seewira. rom ara es ubedureba, aravin icis rogori SedegiT
daamTavrebda inglisis nakrebi 1958 wlis msoflio Cempionats
fexburTSi, romelic 1958 wels gaimarTa SveciaSi. manCeste-
relebTan matCSi iugoslaveli fexburTelebi angariSiT 3:0
marcxdeboda, magram serbebma frTa gamoibes da TamaSi fred
daamTavres. magram, sabolood, ori matCis jamSi maT mainc da-
marcxdnen manCesterelebTan. “crvena zvezda” imanac ver ixsna,
rom maT rigebSi TamaSobda legendaruli mekare beara, naxe-
varmcveli Sekulareci da Tavdamsxmeli-bombardiri bora kos-
tiCi, romelmac 256 matCSi 157 golis gataniT Tavisebuli mso-
flio rekordi daamyara.
mogvianebiT, am samma fexburTelma iugoslavia dastova da
msoflios sxvadasxva gundebs miaSures. iugoslaviaSi Seqm-
nili mZime politikuri situaciis gamo maSin es qyeyana or-
mocamde Zlierma fexburTelma dastova, ramac Taviseburi daRi
daasva am qveynis sports. qveynidan wavidnen iseTi Zlieri fex-
burTelebi, rogorebic iyvnen kaSkaSa varkskvlavi dragan jaiCi
(igi “bestiaSi” gadabargda), dragan stoikoviCi (gadavida “mar-
selSi”), robert prosineCki (gadavida “realSi”) da darko pan-
Cevi, romelmac milanis “inters” miaSura. swored qveynis dex-
burTelebisagan daclis Sedegi gaxldaT is, rom SesaniSnav
sportul formaSi myofma belgradis “crvena zvezdam” mxo-
lod erTxel _ 1991 wels moipova (maT “marseli” daamarcxes
matCisSemdgomi penaltebis seriaSi) jer evropis CempionTa
Tasi, Semdeg ki sakoninentTaSorisi Tasic.
manamde iugoslavelma fexburTelebma did warmatebas miaR-
wies 1979 wels, roca uefas Tasis gaTamaSebaSi meore adgili
daikaves. maTi mrisxane metoqe mionhengladbaxis “borusia” mxo-
lod metoqis karSi mis moedanze gatanili golis wyalobiT
gaxda gamarjvebuli.
“crvena zvezda” safexburTo klubad meore msoflio omis
damTavrebisTanave Camoyalibda da misi damfuZneblebi bel-
gradis saxelmwifo universitetis iugoslavi studentebi iyv-
nen. saSinao matCebs es gundi egreTwodebul “marakanaze” ata-
rebs _ pirvel stadionze aRmosavleT evropaSi, sadac 1979
wels Catarda evropis CempionTa Tasis finali. im wels ams-
terdamis “aiaqsma” daamarcxa italiuri “iuventusi” da daeu-
fla evropis sapatio jildos.
giorgi jalaRania
msoflios saukeTeso safexburTo klubebi
“crvena zvezda”, belgradi, iugoslavia
jalaTma najaxi aswia, sikv-
dilmisjilma SeSinebuli Tva-
lebiT Sexeda.
_ Sen ra genaRvleba... me ki
samsaxuris Semdeg SeSa maqvs
dasaCexi... _ Cailaparaka ja-
laTma.
* * *
turistuli jgufi abori-
gen velurebs Cauvarda xelSi.
yvelani jgufis xelmZRvanels
daesivnen.
_ nu geSiniaT, eseni kaciWa-
miebi ar arian, mxolod gag-
vaupatiureben, fuls wag-
varTmeven da gagviSveben, _
daamSvida isini xelmZRva-
nelma.
_ fuls ratom wagvarTme-
ven? _ gaaprotesta erTma
qalma.
_ yovelTvis asea, jer ara-
vis ukiTxavs, ratom gagvaupa-
tiurebeno!
* * *
qeraTmiani qali gamyidvels
ekiTxeba:
_ Tagvis wamali gaqvT?
_ diax.
_ ugemuri xom ar aris?..
12
977198796009
Roris filtvi
SeiZleba adamians
gadaunergonavstralielma mecnierebma
SeimuSaves meTodika, romlis
saSualebiTac daamtkices, rom
SesaZlebelia Roris filtvis
gadanergva daavadebuli ada-
mianisaTvis. cdebis Sedegad
damtkicda, rom gadanergvis
Semdeg Roris filtvi adamia-
nis organizms kargad SeeT-
visa da Cveulebriv ganagrZo
muSaoba.
filtvis kibos
diagnozs sunis
mixedviT daadgenenamerikelma mecnierebma Sei-
muSaves meTodika, romlis
mixedviTac maT SeuZliaT das-
van filtvis kibos diagnozi
_ suniT! maTi kvlevebiT dad-
ginda, rom janmrTeli da
filtvis kiboTi daavadebuli
adamianis Sardis suni mkve-
Trad gansxvavdeba erTmane-
Tisagan, amitom garkveuli
reaqtivebis saSualebiT, wu-
TebSi SeiZleba am diagnozis
dasma da 50 SemTxvevidan 47-is
SemTxvevaSi ase dasmuli dia-
gnozi utyuaria.
zimbabveSi
mosaxleobis
naxevarze meti
mozards Sidsi aqvsingliselma mkvlevarebma
daadgines, rom zimbabves res-
publikis mosaxleobaSi mo-
zardTa 50 procentze mets
Sidsi aqvT. maT Seiswavles 3
aTasze meti mozardis janmr-
Teloba romelTa umetesobas
es mZime diagnozi aRmoaCnda.
mecnierebi imasac aRniSnaven,
rom es Sedegebi bolo 10-15 we-
lia rac ase damZimda, rac
adre ar aRiniSneboda am qveya-
naSi. maT mier Seswavlil
iqna 10-dan 18 wlamde asakis
mozardebi.
I N F O