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180 2
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scalar
quantity
vectorquantity )
directed line segment directed segment )
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XX' , YY' ZZ'
O
1
1
real line)
XX' , YY' ZZ'
X Y Z
X (x-axis) Y (y-axis) Z (z-axis)
O (origin) 2
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2
OX OY OZ X
positive x-axis) Y positive y-axis)
Z positive z-axis)
OX' OY' OZ' X
negative x-axis) Y negative y-axis)
Z negative z-axis)
X Y Z
3 4
3 4
X Y Z 3
• X Y
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XY XY
• X Z
XZ XZ
• Y Z
YZ YZ ( 5)
5
XY YZ XZ
8 XY
4 XY 4
octant)
6 X Y Z
1
( XY
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6
P
P P
(x,y,z)
x X P
YZ
YZ
P X
X
P YZ
y Y P
XZ
XZ
P Y
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y
P XZ
z Z P
XY
XY
P Z
Z
P XY x,y,z)
P
P(x,y,z)
P(x,y,z) z
XY Q(x,y,0)
P XY
R(0,y,z) P
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YZ S(x,0,z) P
XZ
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“ ”
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1.
2.
3 4
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“ ”
A
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= , =
ABCD
=
=
=
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a b
a >
0 X a <
0 X
b > 0
Y b <
0 Y
a,b ) x,y ) x +
a,y + b
)
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x,y,z
0 ) x,y,z )
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unit vector)
b
a
b
a
0
1
1
0
0
1i
1
0j
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MO = NO
i j
i = j
c
b
a
cba 22
c
b
a
222 cba
1
c
b
a
0
0
1
,0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
i
0
1
0
j
1
0
0
k
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X
Y
Z
(0,0,
1)
k
i (1,0,
0)
j
(0,1,
0)
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5
www.samart.chs.ac.th
www.vector.th.gs
http://www.thaigoodview.com/library/contest2551/math04/16/2/
vector/index.htm
