Digitaalne õppevara ja selle levitamise platvormid

IFI7207.DT Digitaalne õppevara

Õpitarkvara ajaloost

Õpitarkvara ajalugu

• Lennusimulaatorid (ca 1940)

• Programmeerimiskeeled BASIC (1964) ja Logo (1967)

• Personaalarvutitel töötav õpitarkvara (1975)

• Multimeedia CD-ROM’id (ca 1990)

• Veebipõhised õppematerjalid (ca 1995)

Multimeedia CD-ROM’ide puudused

• Raskesti uuendatavad

• Sageli seotud konkreetse operatsioonisüsteemiga

• Sisu ja keskkond moodustavad lahutamatu terviku

Milliseid mõisteid kasutatakse?• “õpiobjektid” — 37 900 tulemust

• “elektroonilised õppematerjalid” — 3180 tulemust

• “e-õppematerjalid” — 3130 tulemust

• “digitaalsed õppematerjalid” — 2030 tulemust

• “avatud õppematerjalid” — 1340 tulemust

• “sisupaketid” — 6090 tulemust

• “digitaalne õppevara” — 2360 tulemust

(Google, 07.02.2016)

Milliseid mõisteid kasutatakse?

• “electronic learning resources” — 80 600 tulemust

• “learning objects” — 457 000 tulemust

• “digital learning resources” — 176 000 tulemust

• “open educational resources” — 464 000 tulemust

• “content packages” — 200 000 tulemust

(Google, 07.02.2016)

(Laanpere, 2015)

Lego klotsid õpiobjekti metafoorina

(Väljataga, 2005)

Õpiobjekti mõiste kujunemisest• 1992 — Wayne Hodgins tuleb õpiobjekti ideele

• 1994 — CedMA töörühm “Learning Architectures, APIs and Learning Objects”

• 1997 — James J. L’Allier: “the smallest independent instructional experience that contains an objective, a learning activity and an assessment”

• 1998 — IEEE LOM 2002: “any entity -digital or non-digital- that may be used for learning, education or training”

• 2000 — David Wiley “any digital resource that can be reused to support learning”

Digital learning resources

• “any digital resource that is actually used by teachers and learners for the purpose of learning” (OECD, 2009)

• “resources designed to be used by teachers in supporting learning activities; where the resources are provided by or derived from digital products” (BECTA, 2008)

• (Digitaalsed õppematerjalid)

Open educational resources

• “teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions” (UNESCO, 2012)

• (Avatud õppematerjalid)

Õpiobjekti tunnused• Käideldavus (accessibility) — õpiobjekt on kättesaadav

• Koostalitlusvõime (interoperability) — õpiobjekt töötab erinevatel riistvara- ja tarkvaraplatvormidel

• Kohandatavus (adaptability) — õpiobjekti on võimalik kohandada õppurile või õpisituatsioonile

• Korduvkasutus (reusability) — õpiobjekt ei ole seotud kontekstiga ja on korduvkasutatav erinevate õppuritega

• Vastupidavus (durability) — õpiobjekt töötab ilma muutmata uuemal riist- ja tarkvaral

• Granulaarsus (granularity) — õpiobjekti on võimalik lahutada väiksemateks osadeks

(ADLNet, 2006)

Digitaalsete õppematerjalide kogud

Digitaalsete õppematerjalide kogud

• Repositoorium — andmebaasirakendus, mis sisaldab digitaalseid õppematerjale ja nende metaandmeid

• Referatoorium — andmebaasirakendus, mis sisaldab digitaalsete õppematerjalide metaandmeid ja viiteid nende asukohale

Eesti repositooriumid

Koolielu

http://koolielu.ee

HITSA repositoorium

http://www.e-ope.ee/repositoorium/

Tartu Ülikooli repositoorium

http://dspace.utlib.ee

e-Koolikott

https://www.e-koolikott.ee

Miksike

http://www.miksike.ee

KAE Kool

http://www.kae.edu.ee

Õpetajate kogukonnad

Matemaatikaõpetajate võrgustik

http://mott.edu.ee

Bioloogiaõpetajate ühing

http://www.ebu.ee

Käsitööõpetajate kogukond

http://kasitoo.edu.ee

Rahvusvahelised repositooriumid

MERLOT

http://www.merlot.org

Curriki

http://www.curriki.org

OER Commons

https://www.oercommons.org

Khan Academy

http://www.khanacademy.org

OpenStax CNX

http://cnx.org

LRE

http://lreforschools.eun.org

Scientix

http://www.scientix.eu

Open Discovery Space

http://www.opendiscoveryspace.eu

Kursuste kogud

MIT OpenCourseWare

http://ocw.mit.edu

Open Education Consortium

http://www.oeconsortium.org

iTunes U

https://www.apple.com/ee/itunes/

(Plourde, 2013)

P2PU

https://p2pu.org

mooc.ca

http://mooc.ca

Coursera

https://www.coursera.org

edX

https://www.edx.org

EMMA projekt

http://europeanmoocs.eu

Class Central

https://www.class-central.com

Metaandmed

Pealkiri Aine Vanus

Kirjeldus

Autor Avaldamise aegÕppematerjali tüüp

Märksõnad

Keel

Litsents

Õpiobjektide metaandmete standard

IEEE LOM

• IEEE Learning Object Metadata (2002)

• 58 elementi 9 kategoorias

• http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/files/LOM_1484_12_1_v1_Final_Draft.pdf

IEEE LOM

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/ltsc/wg12/20020612-Final-LOM-Draft.html

(Hermann, 2002)

IEEE LOM kategooriad (1)

• General

• Life Cycle

• Meta-Metadata

• Technical

• Educational

• Rights

IEEE LOM kategooriad (2)

• Relation

• Annotation

• Classification

Hariduslikud metaandmed (1)

• Interactivity Type

• Learning Resource Type

• Interactivity Level

• Semantic Density

• Intended End User Role

• Context

Hariduslikud metaandmed (2)

• Typical Age Range

• Difficulty

• Typical Learning Time

• Description

• Language

15 July 2002 FINAL DRAFT STANDARD IEEE 1484.12.1-2002

Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an approved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to changes in final publication by IEEE - SA 28

Nr Name Explanation Size Order Value space Datatype Example

5.5 Intended End User Role

Principal user(s) for which this learning object was designed, most dominant first.

NOTE 1:--A learner works with a learning object in order to learn something. An author creates or publishes a learning object. A manager manages the delivery of this learning object, e.g., a university or college. The document for a manager is typically a curriculum.

NOTE 2:--In order to describe the intended end user role through the skills the user is intended to master, or the tasks he or she is intended to be able to accomplish, the category 9:Classification can be used.

smallest permitted maximum: 10 items

teacher author learner manager

Vocabulary (State)

An authoring tool that produces pedagogical material is a typical example of a learning object whose intended end user is an author

5.6 Context The principal environment within which the learning and use of this learning object is intended to take place.

NOTE:--Suggested good practice is to use one of the values of the value space and to use an additional instance of this data element for further refinement, as in ("LOMv1.0","higher education") and ("http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/ onderwijsinvlaanderen/Default.htm", "kandidatuursonderwijs")

smallest permitted maximum: 10 items

unordered school higher education training other

Vocabulary (State)

-

IEEE LOM rakendusprofiilid

• Rakendusprofiil (Application Profile) on komplekt metaandmete elemente ning reegleid ja soovitusi nende kasutamiseks konkreetses süsteemis

• The EUN Learning Resource Exchange Metadata Application Profile 4.7: http://lreforschools.eun.org/web/guest/metadata

• EstCore

LRE AP 4.7 õppematerjali tüübid

Resources: application, assessment, broadcast, case study, course, demonstration, drill and practice, educational game, enquiry-oriented activity, experiment, exploration, glossary, guide (advice sheets), lesson plan, open activity, other, presentation, project, reference, role play, simulation, textbook, tool, website.

Social media: bookmark sharing platform, image sharing platform, reference sharing platform, sound sharing platform, video sharing platform, weblog, wiki.

Assets: audio, data, model, text, video.

EstCORE

http://laanpere.eu/estcore/Esileht

Uued metaandmete projektid

ISO/IEC 19788

http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=50772

LRMI

http://dublincore.org/dcx/lrmi-terms/

Kursuse metaandmed

Kursuse metaandmed

• Metadata for Learning Opportunities - Advertising (MLO-AD) (2008/2011, EU): ftp://ftp.cenorm.be/PUBLIC/CWAs/e-Europe/WS-LT/CWA15903-00-2008-Dec.pdf

• XCRI Course Advertising Profile (XCRI-CAP) (2012, UK): http://www.xcri.org/wiki/index.php/XCRI_CAP_1.2

XCRI

http://www.xcri.co.uk

Kursuse info (selection)EN ET Options EN XCRI 1.2 MLO

Title Nimetus <title> TitleCourse ID Ainekood <identifier> IdentifierProvider <provider> mlo:LearningOpportunityProviderCredits Ainepunkte <credit> mlo:creditFacilitator ÕppejõudEducation Level Haridustase <educationLevel> mlo:levelLanguage of Instruction Keel <languageOfInstruction> mlo:languageOfInstructionAttendance Mode CM Campus, DA

Distance with attendance, DS Distance without attendance, NC Face-to-face non-campus, MM Mixed mode, ON Online (no attendance), WB Work-based

<attendanceMode> mlo:engagement

Objective Eesmärgid <objective> mlo:objectiveDescription Kirjeldus <description> DescriptionLearning Outcomes Õpiväljundid <learningOutcome>Assessment Hindamismeetodid <assessment> mlo:assessmentPrerequisite Eeldusained <prerequisite> mlo:prerequisiteStarting Date Alguskuupäev <start> mlo:startEnding Date Lõppkuupäev <end>Enrollment Procedure By the facilitator,

Moderated, OpenApply Until Registreerumise tähtaeg <applyUntil>Permission Ligipääs Course participants,

Logged in, AllCourse Tag Kursuse märksõnaImage Pilt <image>Status Staatus Preparation, Active,

Finished

Repositooriumide andmevahetus

Repositooriumide andmevahetus

• Simple Query Interface (SQI) võimaldab teostada sünkroonseid ja asünkroonseid päringuid teistesse repositooriumidesse

• Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) võimaldab pakkuda repositooriumidel oma metaandmeid teistele repositooriumidele kogumiseks

OAI-PMH

http://www.openarchives.org/pmh/

Raamatukogud ja arhiivid

DIGAR

http://www.digar.ee

Digiteeritud eesti ajalehed

http://dea.nlib.ee

Virtuaalne uurimissaal

http://www.ra.ee/vau/

Saaga

http://www.ra.ee/dgs/

Eesti Filmiarhiiv

http://www.filmi.arhiiv.ee

Eesti filmi andmebaas

http://www.efis.ee

ERR arhiiv

http://arhiiv.err.ee

Europeana

http://www.europeana.eu

EUscreen

http://www.euscreen.eu

Viited (1)• ADLNet. (2006). SCORM 2004 3rd Edition: Shareable Content Object Model.

Overview. Advanced Distributed Learning. Retrieved from http://www.adlnet.gov/Technologies/scorm/SCORMSDocuments/Previous Versions/SCORM 2004 3rd Ed/SCORM.2004.3ED.DocSuite.zip

• IEEE. (2002). Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. Retrieved from http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/files/LOM_1484_12_1_v1_Final_Draft.pdf

• L'Allier, J. J. (1997). Frame of Reference: NETg's Map to Its Products, Their Structures and Core Beliefs. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20020615192443/http://www.netg.com/research/whitepapers/frameref.asp

• Maadvere, I. (2009). Õpiobjektide repositooriumid.

• OECD. (2009). OECD Study on Digital Learning Resources as Systematic Innovation: Coutry Case Study Report on Denmark. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/33/40/42033180.pdf

Viited (2)• Saum, R. R. (2007). An Abridged History of Learning Objects. In P. Taylor Northrup,

Learning Objects for Instruction: Design and Evaluation (pp. 1-15). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

• Sheffield Hallam University (2008). Digital Learning Resources (DLRs) - Understanding and defining user requirements and expectations: Report on the Literature Research and Gap Analysis. Sheffield. Retrieved from http://collaboration.becta.org.uk/docs/DOC-1433

• UNESCO. (2012). 2012 Paris OER Declaration. Paris: UNESCO. Loetud aadressil http:// www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/Events/ English_Paris_OER_Declaration.pdf

• Väljataga, T. (2005). Õpiobjektid ja pedagoogiline kontseptsioon. http://www.e-uni.ee/konverents/2005/slaidid/Terje_Valjataga.pdf

• Wiley, D. (2000). Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy. In D. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved from http://reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc

Kasutatud fotod• Michael Knowles, http://www.flickr.com/photos/mknowles/47457221/

• Sergio, http://www.flickr.com/photos/srgblog/728719997/

See materjal on avaldatud Creative Commons Autorile viitamine–Jagamine samadel tingimustel 3.0 Eesti litsentsi alusel. Litsentsi terviktekstiga tutvumiseks külastage aadressi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ee/

Hans Põldoja hans.poldoja@tlu.ee

IFI7207.DT Digitaalne õppevara https://digioppevara.wordpress.com

Tallinna Ülikool Digitehnoloogiate instituut