Future soldier

THE TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO MILITARY ACADEMY OF LAND FORCES

Warszawa 21.09.2012

THE 21st CENTURY SOLDIERTHE 21st CENTURY SOLDIER

mjr mgr Dariusz BECMER


1.1. The Beginnings.The Beginnings.

2.2. The determinants of changes in soldier’s The determinants of changes in soldier’s equipment.equipment.

3.3. Soldier concept of selected NATO member Soldier concept of selected NATO member country.country.

4.4. Summary.Summary.

The 21st Century SoldierThe 21st Century Soldier


1984 – 1984 – British Army Equipment Exhibition in Aldershot:British Army Equipment Exhibition in Aldershot:

Combat suit – made from breathable fabric protecting against environment (and CBR) with electrical warming system;

Boots – protect against small mines;

Weapon:– light machine gun with grenade

launcher;– two small rocket launchers

(at backpack);

Helmet – equipped with laser rangefinder, image intensifier, camcorder and display;

Assumptions:Assumptions:

The 21st Century Soldier - beginningsThe 21st Century Soldier - beginnings


1990 – Department of US Army created projekt SIPE (Soldier

Integrated Protective Ensemble). This is one of elements

SMP (Soldier Modernization Plan).



The SIPE system was composed of the following

subsystems and components::

Integrated headgear subsystem - IHS – helmet with

display (HMD-helmet mounted display), which had

connection with the thermal sight on the weapon;

earphones; mikrophone; the HMD and communications of

the IHS were controlled by the helmet control unit

(HCU).

Advanced clothing subsystem - ACS – clothing with the

microclimate conditioning, the load bearing component

(LBC), which replaced backpack; the ballistic protective

vest;


Weapon subsystem - WSS – M16A2, with prototype of

the thermal sight, laser aiming light, long range hearing

device;

Microclimate conditioning subsystem - MCC –

consisted of blower providing cool air through Active

Cooling Vest (ACV) to upper parts of body;

Individual soldier computer –carried in the LBC; provided

the soldier ability to use GPS, digital mapping for

navigation, position location and route planning, had

connection with video- and thermal-camera.


NEW APPROACH:

The soldier equipment is not treated,

as a certain amount of autonomous elements, but

as The ENTIRETY – one SYSTEM.

1994 – 14 NATO member countries signed treaty and created LG/WG/3 (Land Group 3/Working Group 3).

Group LG/WG/3 had distinguished five basic elements of the soldier system.



C4IC4I::(command, control, (command, control,

comunication, comunication, computer, computer,

information)information)

LETHALITYLETHALITY(uniform, (uniform,

camouflage, camouflage, ballistic protection) ballistic protection)

MOBILITYMOBILITY(navigation, size (navigation, size

and weigth of and weigth of equipment)equipment)

FIRE FIRE EFFECTIVNESS:EFFECTIVNESS:(development of (development of

weapon and sights)weapon and sights)

LOGISTICLOGISTIC(maintenance, (maintenance, feeding, power feeding, power

supply)supply)

The 21st Century Soldier concept The 21st Century Soldier concept - elements:- elements:


2000 – LG3/WG3 was changed in topical group NAATG TG/1 SSI

(NATO Army Armaments Group, Topical Group I, Soldier System

Interoperability).

Tasks:

• creation of conditions to interoperability national systems;

• to determine the level, at which interoperability is real;

• simplification of information exchange between different projects through

creation data base;

• standardization procedures of tests and assessments of soldier equipment;

• implementation STANAGs to provide appropriate level of standardization;

• searching possibilities to adjust certain subsystems or components in different

projects.



2003 – 2003 – creation Soldier Systems Standarization Industrial Working Group.

Main task: Main task:

to raise level of standardization

of systems implemented by NATO member countries.



Determinants of Determinants of changeschanges

in soldiers in soldiers equipmentequipment



Determinants of changes Determinants of changes

• breakdown bipolar world and appearance of new threats (terrorism, proliferation of mass destruction weapon, international crime, migration without control, economic crises, religion and ethnic conflicts, ecologic and elemental disasters, big scale catastrophes and technical failures)

• changes of modern battlefield (asymmetric operations; acceptable losses’ level, operations mainly in urban terain);

• development of information and communication technology;

• creation concept of Network Centric Warfare;• the new rule armed forces – wilder spectrum of

operations.



US Joint Vision 2020


• large scale combat operation;• peace support operation (conflict prevention, peace

enforcement, peacebuilding, peacemaking, peacekeeping);

• humanitarian operation;• counterterrorism and counterinsurgency;• counterdrug;• show of force/ raid/ strike;• nation assistance;• protection of shipping;• civil authorities support.

Range of military operationRange of military operation



Soldier concept of selected Soldier concept of selected NATO member countryNATO member country



The 21st Century SoldierThe 21st Century SoldierLand WarriorLand Warrior


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Helmet Subsystem - HSS

A – eyepiece bolted to the helmet acts as a

full-color computer interface;

B – mikrophon;

C – over-the-ear headphones;

Soldier Control Unit -SCU

D – a computer "mouse"; used to toggle

among screens in the eyepiece

Weapon Subsystem - WSS

rifle 5,56 mm M-4

E – A laser rangefinder;

F – thermal sight;

G – videodigital camera.

Land Warrior – Stryker Interoperable


Computer Subsystem - CSS

I – a computer runing the system;

Navigation Subsystem - NSS)

J – GPS to create maps, DRM (Dead

Reckoning Module);

CommsNet Radio Subsystem - CNRS

K – a multiband radio (K) for voice and

data communication;

Power Source Subsystem - PSS

H – a 12-hour lithium-ion battery pack

to power Land Warrior.



1) Land Warrior's boot screen;

2) Location of friendly troops

represented by blue icons on digital

maps;

Land Warrior – Stryker InteroperableWhat a soldier can see in helmet mounted display?What a soldier can see in helmet mounted display?


3) A drop-down menu (3) — here,

superimposed over a daytime video

feed from the rifle's camera;

4) A menu provides mission updates

and text-messaging capability;



5) and 6) The weapon's thermal sight

allows soldiers to scout terrain and

potential targets at any time of day—

or night.




What a soldier can see in helmet mounted display?What a soldier can see in helmet mounted display?

A digital sight lets soldiers aim at enemies without exposing themselves to danger.


Personal Area Network (PAN) consist of: • SCU (soldier control unit)• computer, • radio,• electronic and electrooptical devices mounted on weapon and helmet.• wires.

Future XXI Battle Command

Battalion/Brigade and Below (FBCB2) -

US Network Centric system

Stryker Interoperable Vehicle Kit,

SCU

Personal Network


•Headgear Subsystem

•Combat Uniform Subsystem

•Weapon Subsystem

•Warfighter Physiological Status

Monitor Subsystem

•Microclimate Conditioning

Subsystem

•Power Subsystem

liquid body armour – many pockets in the uniform’s fabric being filled with

magnetorheological fluid, which consists of small iron particles

suspended in silicon oil

egzoskeleton – made from light composite elements mounted to

soldier’s legs and arms (thank to this solution increase overall lifting ability by

25 to 35 percent)

Future Force Warrior


Future Force Warrior


Other programmes:1993 - FELIN (Fantassin a Equipement et Liaisons Integrees) - France. 1994 - FIST (Future Integrated Soldier Technology ) – Great Britain1995 - IdZ - Infanterist der Zukunft. - German1995 - Land 125/Wundurra - Australia, 1999 - Soldato Futuro – Italy; 1999 - Combatiente Futuro - Spain.

Canada (Soldier Information REQuirements Technology Demonstration, SIREQ-TD, Integrated Protectiwe Clothing and Eąuipment, IPCE), Singapur (Adwanced Manworn Combat System, AMCS), Nederlands (Dutch Digitised Soldier System, D2S2), Norway (NORwegian Modular Arctic Network Soldier, NORMANS), Sweden (MARKstrids Utrustad Soldat. MARCUS), Belgium (Combat Clothing and Equipment), Egypt (Egyptian Integrated Soldier System, IESS), Izrael (ACOG), RPA (African Warrior), and many others


Other programmes:

In Poland:

2007 – creation initial operational requirements by General

Staff for Advanced Individual Combat System called

TYTAN, (confirmed in September 2006 by polish MoD);

8 November 2010 – end of formulating assumption to project

ISW TYTAN.

11 –composite helmet;

2 2 – the ballistic protective vest (Maskpol);

3 3 – uniform made from non-flammable fabric;

44 – night or thermal vision device (Bumar Group);

5 5 – elektrooptical sights (Bumar Group);

The elements of ISW Tytan:

6 6 – armheld control panel (WB Electronics);

7 7 – radio (WB Electronics, Radmor);

8 8 – CPU cooperated with BMS (Battlefield Management System) (WB Electronics);

9 9 – new gas mask, better adjusted to use weapon and sights.


The purpose:The purpose:

• to provide soldier situational awareness (knowledge about area of responsibility, and location, activities and intentions of enemy as well as our forces) in full spectrum operation;

•to enhance soldier combat capabilities and effectiveness;

•to provide the highest level protection against both enemy’s operations and environment.

The 21st Century Soldier concept The 21st Century Soldier concept - SUMMARY:- SUMMARY:


The 21st Century Soldier concept The 21st Century Soldier concept - SUMMARY:- SUMMARY:

The System provide the 21st soldier possibility of being part

of battlefield network, which allows their exchange essential

information and simultanously ensure survivability and

lethality not only on modern battlefield, but also in full

spectrum non-military operation.


References:References:• Becmer D., American Conception of Future Soldier - Land Warrior i Future

Force Warrior, „Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL” 2009, nr 1(151).

• Becmer D., French Conception of Future Soldier , „Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL” 2008, nr 3 (149).

• Becmer D., German Conception of Future Soldier - Infanterist der Zukunft - Erweitertes System, „Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL” 2008, nr 4 (150).

• Bell K., Thales awarded stage one of FIST soldier systems contract, [online]. [dostęp: 08.09.2009]. Dostępny w Internecie: http://www.thalesgroup.com.

• Bonsor K., How the Future Force Warrior Will Work, [online]. [dostęp: 13.02.2009]. Dostępny w Internecie: http://science.howstuffworks.com/ffw1.htm.

• Dubiel A., Land Warrior w Iraku i Kongresie, [w:] „Raport-wto” 2007, nr 9.

• Fiorenza N., Infanterist der Zukunft, [online]. [dostęp: 18.12.2009]. Dostępny w Internecie: http://www.aviationweek.com.

My email: [email protected] number: 717658294


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Future soldier