- 1. Maths in cultural and social life Ben Heine
2. Mathematics from the Greek word = learning, studyGeometry =
Geo + meter = + =Earth & measurement 3. The School of Athens by
Raphael (Vatican) 4. Euclid with acompass( a detailfrom Theschool
ofAthens) 5. A short story........ Joannes Stobaeus ( ) 5 century
AD, was the compiler of a valuable series of extracts from Greek
authors.He has written:One day a young man visited Euclid and asked
him toteach him Geometry. When he learnt the first theorem,
heturned to the famous mathematician and asked him andnow which is
the profit of what I learnt?Euclid called a servant and said to him
: Give to this youngman 3 (cents), so he will have a profit from
whathe was taught. 6. Use ofmathematicsMany times during every
school year, studentsask me why they have to learn mathematics.I
tell them to take a paper and a pencil andwrite down in which cases
they usemathematics during the day.The students comments are: 7.
Use ofmathematicsWhen we buy a car when Irene follows a recipe to
make a cake when Vasilis goes on foot to his school in the morning
followingthe shortcut, when we decorate our home or our classroomwe
are using math principles. People have been using these same
principles forthousands of years, across countries and continents.
8. Time 9. Money 10. Measurement 11. Probabilities 12. Logic
gamesAlmost all of the logic games are based onmathematics Chess
:the most challenging game of all The tower of Hanoi Sudoku cards
13. Symmetry 14. Symmetry 15. In TV Shows....Sometimes you must
know Maths... 16. In a TV SHOW http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=BbX44YSsQ2I 17. Finally...... A photo, sent by Dominique
Maucourant (graffiti on a wall in Santa Lucia-Caribbean) 18. across
the centuries and countries... 19. 2000 BCBabylonians used Algebra
and Geometry toconstruct buildings. Also they used them
inAstronomy. They created a type of calendarand they were able to
predict solar and lunareclipse.Reconstruction of the ziqquratof
Babylon 20. 1500 BC -EgyptNile!! the longest river in the
world.Every year the flood brought disaster and problems in the
fields. Simple geometryfields borders Simple metric systemto study
the Niles flow and floodevery year. 21. Geometric periodThe period
of the ancient Greek historybetween the 11th and 8th century BC is
knownas Geometric period, and took its name fromthe geometric
shapes on the ceramics. 22. Geometric period 23. Mathematics and
ArtMathematics and Art have a long historicalcorrelation.Many
artists have been inspired bymathematics from the ancient years
until today. 24. Golden ratio and ArchitectureThe Golden Ratio
appeared in ancient architecture.The examples are many, such as the
Great Pyramidin Giza, Egypt which is considered as one of theSeven
World Wonders of the ancient world, and the Greek Parthenon . It
was also used by the Renaissance artists, who used the Golden Ratio
in the design of Notre Dame, etc. 25. Pyramids and ( from -ancient
Greek sculptor - 5th century BC) 26. ParthenonParthenon is a temple
dedicated to the Greekgoddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC.
Inits facade and on the floor the golden rectangleis applied (a
rectangle whose length to widthratio is the golden ratio) 27.
Ancient Theater of Epidaurus 340-330 BC a/b=(a+b)/a = =1.62ba 28.
Golden ratioThe astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) wrote,
"Geometry has two greattreasures: one is the theorem of
Pythagoras,the other one is the division of a segment intomean and
extreme ratios, which is, the GoldenMean. The first theorem may be
compared toa measure of gold, the second one to aprecious jewel."
29. Maths and PaintingIt is suggested that mathematics and
paintingare so closely related and have so manysimilarities that it
is reasonable to considerthem simply as two different but
complementaryways of visualizing the world.Mathematics have
influenced many artmovements, such as Cubism, Constructivism,Linear
perspective, Surrealism. 30. CubismCubism was a 20th century
avant-garde artmovement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso andGeorges
BraquePablo PicassoPablo Picasso 31. George Braque Juan Gris 32.
ConstructivismConstructivism was anartistic and
architecturalmovement originating inRussia from 1919 onwardwhich
rejected the idea of"art for arts sake" in favourof a praxis
directed towardssocial purpose.1915 Dance by Rodchenko 33. Piet
Mondrian Gustav Klutsis 34. Linear perspectivePerspective (from
Latin perspicere, to see through) in thegraphic arts, such as
drawing, is an approximaterepresentation, on a flat surface (such
as paper), of animage as it is seen by the eye.Pietro Peruginos
usage of perspective in this fresco at the Sistine Chapel (148182)
helped bring the Renaissance to Rome . 35. Melozzos usage of upward
foreshortening in his frescoes at Loreto 36. Wassily Kandinsky-
Abstract paintingHe began completely abstract painting. His forms
evolvedfrom fluid and organic to geometric and, finally,
topictographic 37. Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)Leonardo
incorporated many mathematicalconcepts into his artwork despite
never havingreceived any formal mathematical training. Hehas often
been described as the archetype ofthe Renaissance man. 38. Salvador
Dal (19041989) incorporatedmathematical themes in several of his
laterworks. His 1954 painting Crucifixion (CorpusHypercubus)
depicts a crucified figure upon thenet of an hypercube 39. Salvador
Dali 40. Salvator DaliThe Sacrament of the Last Supper (1955)Christ
and his disciples are pictured inside agiant dodecahedron. 41. M.C.
Escher (1898-1972) is known for his mathematically inspired work.
42. Platonic solidsThe Platonic solids (tetrahedron,
cube-hexahedron,octahedron,dodecahedron,icosahedron) and other
polyhedra are a recurringtheme in Western art.Floor mosaic in St
Marks Basilica,Venice by Paolo Uccello 43. Maths and Music"Music,"
wrote the great 17th-century Germanmathematician Gottfried Leibniz,
"is thesensation of counting without being aware youwere
counting."But there is more to this connection thancounting. The
French baroque composerRameau declared in 1722:"I must confess that
only with the aid ofmathematics did my ideas become clear." 44. The
Pythagoreans of ancient Greece are thefirst researchers known to
have investigatedthe expression of musical scales in terms
ofnumerical ratios. Their central doctrine wasthat "all nature
consists of harmonyarising out of numbers". Also ancientChinese,
Egyptians and Mesopotamians areknown to have studied the
mathematicalprinciples of sound. 45. It is believed that some
composers wrotetheir music using the golden ratio and theFibonacci
numbers to assist them.The golden ratio is apparent in
theorganization of the sections in the musicof Debussys Image,
"Reflections inWater", in which the sequence of keys ismarked out
by the intervals 34, 21, 13,and 8 (a descending Fibonacci
sequence),and the main climax sits at the position. 46. Maths and
literaturePure mathematics is, in its way the poetry of logical
ideas..... Albert EinsteinFrom the ancient years until today, many
Authors use math in stories, plays orpoems in a variety of
different ways.In producing their art writers may :1. Call on math
to illuminate a theory (Aristophanes-the Birds, Dostoevsky-The
Brothers Karamazov , Tolstoy War and Peace ).2. Be inspired by
mathematical themes to create a work of art based on thethemes
(Denis Guedj -Le theoreme du perroquet, A. Doxiadis -Uncle Petros
andGoldbachs Conjecture, T. Michaelides- Pythagorean crimes,
Growney andUpson).Meanwhile, the last years a new kind of
literature has appeared : Mathematicalfiction.3. Want to produce an
educational work( Enzensberger);4. Want to write the imagined life
of an intriguing mathematician ( Petsinis-The French Mathematician
).Topics such as logic, geometry, measurement, number theory,
statistics,topology, set theory, and calculus arose naturally from
the readings. 47. th 8 century BCHomer gives a poetic description
of number 700and a geometric presentation of Sicily in chapter of
Odyssey : ... / / , ,/ ......and they arrived at the triangular
island ofSicily / where the Suns beautiful cattlesgrazed/the cows
in seven herds, and the sheepin as many/ fifty in each of them...
48. Prometheus (of Aeschylus ,460 BC) was chained to therocks,
punished by Zeus for daring to offer to the mortalsthe knowledge
which was suitable only for Gods .Among the gifts that he gave to
the people, there aregoods destinated only for immortals: ... , ,
... ..( , ...)I also found out thenumber, the most greatwisdom ,
for them... 49. Aristophanes- The BirdsIn the end of the 5th
century BC , Aristophanes refers to the unsolvedproblem circle
squaring , in his comedy The Birds.The astronomer Meton () is at
the scene of the theater saying: = I start measuring with my right
stick = so that the circlebecomes a square, for your sake =and at
its center there will be themarket = to which all roads will lead ,
,=converging in the center,the way it happens in a star, =which
(the star) , although it is circular, .= it sends straight bright
rayseverywhere, !=Really, the man is Thales! 50. Dostoyevsky-The
Brothers Karamazov During the 19th century, there was a period when
a non- Euclidean geometry appeared throughout Europe Dostoyevsky
used these new mathematical ideas to illuminate his philosophy. In
a part of the Brothers Karamazov, Ivan explains to his younger
brother, Alyosha, that while he believes in God, he has difficulty
believing in the world that God created. Even if the parallel lines
converge and I actually witness it, I shall witness it and say they
have converged, but all the same I shall not accept it. 51.
Tolstoy-War and PeaceIn War and Peace, Tolstoy provides anexample
of the use of ratio and linear equationsto clarify how the
disadvantaged (such as theRussians) can win battles against
moreadvantaged (such as the French) if theyhave enough spirit and
energy. Ratio andproportion can be used to relate the power ofan
army to its spirit! 52. Mathematics in
movieshttp://www.math.harvard.edu/~knill/mathmovies/Many directors
and script writers have beeninspired by mathematics. There is more
than700 movies containing mathematical dialoguesand images. 53.
Flatland by Edwin Abbott Abbott Directors: Dano Johnson, Jeffrey
Travis 54. Mathematics..... A universal language.. 55. A lonely
trip based on mathematics..... Back in 1977 , when the voyager
spaceship started its lonely trip into the vast space-void, the
NASA officials placed inside it, a golden record with recordered
political messages, th spoken greetings in 55 languages, the 5
symphony of Beethoven and engraved mathematical symbols on it. 56.
The cover of theVoyager Golden Record. 57. This diagram defines the
location of our sunutilizing 14 pulsars of known directions from
oursun. The binary code defines the frequency ofthe pulses. 58. The
way of communication withunknown civilizations... 59. The greetings
in European languages> ("Greetings to you, whoever you are. We
come in peaceto those who are friends.")Herzliche Gre an alle (in
German)Salutri la toat lumea ( in Romanian)Sayn Trke bilen
arkadalarmz, sabah eriflerinizhayrolsun (in Turkish)Witajcie,
istoty z zawiatw (in Polish) 60. Some Famous MathematicalQuotes 61.
Mathematics is like draughts[checkers] in being suitable for
theyoung, not too difficult, amusing, andwithout peril to the
state.Plato 62. "To imagine the usefulness ofmathematics in our
lives, justimagine life without mathematics "Lao Tzu. (Chinese
philosopher) 63. Leo Tolstoi said:A man is like a fraction, whose
numerator iswhat he is and whose denominator is what hethinks of
himself.The larger the denominator, the smaller thefraction. 64. A
man is...... = 65. Archimedes will be remembered whenAeschylus is
forgotten, becauselanguages die and mathematical ideas do not.
Immortality may be a silly word, butprobably a mathematician has
the bestchance of whatever it may mean....C.H.HARDY : A
mathematicians Apology 66. Thank you for your attention!!!!!
