The role of local leaders in reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptation: Case study of flood disaster management in Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia

Project 5: The role of local leaders in reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptation: case study of flood disaster management in Bangkalalak, Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia

Group member: Nor Aishah Hamzah (University of Malaya, Malaysia) Mohd Hairy Ibrahim (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia) Syamsul Herman Mohammad Afandi (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Riduan Yunus (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia) Wildan Fajar Bachtiar (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia) Yi Dou (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan) Xu Tian (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China) Azaze @ Azizi Abdul Adis (Universiti Malaysia Sabah)

2016. 8.13

Contents

1 Background

2 Flooding situation

3 Policy implication4

1. Kangsa2. Jabang3. Bangkalala

k4. Mentulud5. Berumbai

Bangkalalak, Lumadan, Beaufort

Social; Resource; Village Map

Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud

Geography (Unit: m)Distance from river

300 300 300 1000 1000

Between house 200 150 50 100 50

Boats

43 20 70 23 5

Insurance

Life X X X X X

Property X X X X X

Perception of riskVery dangerous

Dangerous X X X

Moderate X X

Not risky

Table 1 Related Information of case study

Background 1

House People Adults Children Elderly Disable Pregnant0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Mentulud

Jabang

Kangsa

Bangkalalak

Berumbai

Num

bers

Figure 1 The Demography of case study

Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

20 2010 10

20

10 10

10 10

15

40 4050 50

30

20 20 20 2020

10 10 10 1015

Education Pesticides FoodElectricity Clothes and Transportation

Perc

enta

ge

Figure 2 The Expenditure of case study

Background 2

Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Low <600 RM

Medum 600-1000 RM

High >1000 RM

Inco

me

prop

ortio

n

Figure 2 The Income proportion of case study

Agriculture Small BusinessFishing Government sectorsTourism

Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud Figure 3 The Source of Income

Background 3

4

3

1

• Children and pregnant mother

What is the main cause of severe flooding?

2

Why the place is vulnerable?

• Rain water• Irrigation and drainage• Water from Tenom (up lands) to Padas River• High tide and high volume inland water

Areas most affected

• Jabang, Kangsa, Berumbai• Flood season is November to

January

People affected• Nearness to river and rise in

water level

Poultry/plants affected

Flooding situation 4

Flooding situation

Rainfall and discharge gages of Sungai PadasRef: Deforestation effect to the runoff hydrograph at Sungai Padas catchment (Dinor, et al., 2007)

Flood in Beaufort in 2014. http://www.therocket.com.my/en/solving-sabahs-flood-issues/

Kampung Bangkalalak

River Bank Hotel

Mechanism of flood caused by heavy rainfall in river upstream.

5

Boat Land transportations: cars,

vans, motorcycles Accessibility: only by road or

helicopterLogistic

Evacuation facilities

6

Temporary shelters: Public Hall / Gazetted Evacuation Centre

Distance: 1-3 km

Logistics Before Flood

Logistic

Boat: yes Land transportations: cars, vans,

motorcycles Accessibility: only by road or helicopter

Sewerage: not functioning for 2-3 weeks Clean water supply: rain water

Temporary shelters: Hall - 2 but only 1 used

Distance: 1-3 km

7


Hygiene

Electricity in order

Safety Biological: Crocodiles and snakes Physical threat: fast water flow/

debris

Medical Diseases: no outbreak

Food supplies NGO and self support

Communication Only mobile phones / no landlines

During Flood

Logistic

Water transportation: Boat 1

Accessibility: only by road or helicopter

Land transportations: cars, vans, motorcycles


Temporary shelters: Public Halls

Distance: 1-3 km2

8After Flood

9

Information• Ketua Kampong• JKK• Mass Media (TV)Action Plan• Warning system near MasjidFinancial

assistance• House: self repairs / rebuilt • Sufficient food and medical assistance• Help (basic needs) on time: after 3-4 days• 10% of household on Flood Financial Assistance

of RM500 • Coping with after effect: NGOs – school & food• Getting back to norm

- self recover- approx 2-3 weeks

Information and Action Plan

Major flood history

Timeline history

History 10

Survey of case study

Recovered woods are used for reconstructing houses. (Place: Kampung Berumbai)

11


During the flood period, villagers choose to stay in house, even though the ground floor is covered by flood (1.0~1.5m depth of flood water).

12


Fishing is the main source of income in Kampung Berumbai.

13

14

1 House adaptation: raised up the level of the houses

2Prepare boats for most of the houses

3 Identify the nearest relief center and access to evacuation

4Monitoring and early warning system

5 Sufficient storage of food, water, and medical supply near house

6Construct barriers (e.g. plant trees) surrounding houses to protect from flood debris

Identifying adaptation flood strategies


Food and living material is stored in a specific house higher than the depth of flood water (1.0~1.5m).

15

Strategy: Flood mitigation

Raise the road level-National Road is built higher than ground that will keep available in flood.

16

1

3

4

5

2

Temporary shelters and relief center supporting basic living conditions

Food, clean water and medical supply

Self-study during flood for students

Volunteer system to help elders, and the disables

Promote disaster insurance service for life, health, and property

17Identifying coping strategies for floods

Regular survey on geographic features and social needs (database)

18Identifying local leadership in flood disaster management

Before flood: promote disaster awareness and education, e.g. regular practice for flood disaster

During flood: keep in touch with villagers on living situation and needs, report to federal government, and cooperate with NGOs and volunteers

After flood: fair distribution on compensation materials and subsidies

Flooding situationConflict Tree

FLOODS

EFFECTS

• Reduce the lifetime of building

• Economic losses • Destruction of infrastructures

• Loss of time

• Disease

• Deforestation

CAUSES • Raise of Sea Level

• Location (downstream of Sungai Padas)

• Amount of rainfall

19

20Action Projects

• Relief Centre• Roads and

Infrastructures

• Awareness • Allocation of

emergency logistics

• Cooperation for Early Warning Systems

• Maintenance of river and drainage system

Local Government

Local Community

Federal GovernmentNGOs

• The location of relief center is not appropriate: land issue

• Late response by local government

• Early warning system is not integrated

• Dire need of drinking water

Why?

Survey of case study 21




AzazeAishah

HairySyamsul Riduan Wildan

Dou

Tian

Terima kasih

Thank you

谢谢