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Varia%on in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact ComendeiroMalloe, RidaoLópez M, Mar4nezLizaga N, AnguloPueyo E, GarcíaArmesto S, BernalDelgado E on behalf of the Atlas VPM team

Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

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Page 1: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Varia%on  in  excess  cases  of  adverse  events  amenable  to  health  care:  low  value  care  with  budgetary  impact    

     

Comendeiro-­‐Malloe,  Ridao-­‐López  M,  Mar4nez-­‐Lizaga  N,  Angulo-­‐Pueyo  E,  García-­‐Armesto  S,  Bernal-­‐Delgado  E  on  behalf  of  the  Atlas  VPM  team  

Page 2: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

This  is  Micaela  

Page 3: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

BACKGROUND  METHODS  RESULTS  QUESTIONS  FOR  DEBATE  

Page 4: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

BACKGROUND  

 Lower-­‐value  care  (definiTon  from  paper  in  Berlin  Spanish  cases  (from  PSI  paper)  Rivard  paper  (copy  &  past)  

Page 5: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

DEFINITION  OF  VALUE  

   

Underuse  of  effecTve  intervenTons  EffecTve  intervenTons  performed  on  non-­‐eligible  paTents  IntervenTons  with  a  more  cost-­‐effecTve  alternaTve  EssenTally  ineffecTve  intervenTons  Low  quality  intervenTons  Unsafe  intervenTons  

Page 6: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

PSI  

0.5   7.7   1.8   4.9   17.3  

EB:  0.19  [CI:0.12;0.28]  

Page 7: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Rivard  

Page 8: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

AIM  

EsTmate  the  excess-­‐cost  ahributable  to  the  appearance  of  postoperaTve  PTE  and/or  DVT    

Page 9: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

METHODS  

SETTING  VARIABLES  MAIN  &  SECONDARY  ENDPOINTS  ANALYSIS  

Page 10: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Popula%on  and  seNng  

•  All  paTents  over  17,  undergoing  surgery  in  2009  or  2010:  1.1  million  paTents  –  CondiToned  to  paTents  who  survived  –  Excluded  PTE/DVT  as  the  cause  of  admission  –  Excluded  stays  below  2  days  –  Excluded  admissions  within  MDC14:  pregnancy,  delivery  and  puerperium    

•  50  hospitals  with  the  largest  surgical  acTvity    –  56%  of  the  surgical  acTvity  in  Spain  

Page 11: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Variables  

•  Excess-­‐cost    –  Excess  length  of  stay    

•  Main  predictor  for  excess-­‐cost  –  Having  or  not  postoperaTve  PTE  and/or  DVT  

•  AlternaTve  predictors  for  excess-­‐cost  –  Age  –  Sex  –  ComorbidiTes  –  Hospital  of  treatment  

Page 12: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Main  &  secondary  endpoints  

•  Excess-­‐LOS  per  hospital  –  Average    –  CondiToned  to  those  exposed  to  the  risk  of  having  AE  

•  Excess-­‐cost  per  hospital  

Page 13: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Analysis  

•  StraTfied-­‐descripTve  •  MulTlevel  log-­‐lineal  -­‐  average  effect  

 

•  Kernel  matching  to  determine  average  LOS-­‐excess,  condiToned  to  the  risk  of  adverse  event  

Page 14: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Risk  score  

PaTents  never    have  PTE/DVT  

PaTents  always  have  PTE/DVT  

Risk  of  PTE/DVT  

Subpop  of  paTents  with  a  priori  higher  average-­‐risk    Subpop  of  paTents  with  a  priori    lower  average-­‐risk    

Page 15: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Matching    

PaTents  never    have  PTE/DVT  

PaTents  always  have  PTE/DVT  

Risk  of  PTE/DVT  

Subpop  of  paTents  with  a  priori  higher  average-­‐risk    Subpop  of  paTents  with  a  priori    lower  average-­‐risk    

Page 16: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

    LOS  No  Event  average  (s.d.)  

LOS  event    average  (s.d.)  

Differential*  

    n=1.064.836   n=7.777      

PSI  12  or  Adverse  Event              Overall  cases   10,48  (13,89)   22,39  (24,87)   11,9  

For  each  of  the  characteristics  of  the  episodes  Age              From  18  to  39   7,6  (12,94)   30,24  (34,71)   22,64  From  40  to  64   9,7  (14,29)   24,44  (28,02)   14,74  65  or  older   11,8  (13,69)   20,74  (21,91)   8,94  

Gender              Mail   11,07  (14,63)   22,86  (25,70)   11,79  Female   9,8  (12,96)   21,83  (23,85)   12,03  

Comorbidities  (Elixhauser)              Pulmonary  circulatory  disease   15,54  (16,60)   23,56  (25,17)   8,02  Paralysis   22,02  (30,68)   40,73  (48,59)   18,71  Lymphoma   14,54  (15,72)   22,61  (25,71)   8,07  Cancer  with  metastasis   16,75  (16,39)   18,57  (16,52)   1,82  Metastasis  without  solid  tumour   11,99  (14,50)   17,41  (14,54)   5,42  Coagulopathies   18,36  (21,30)   28,62  (29,43)   10,26  Weight  loss   25,36  (26,82)   34,76  (31,27)   9,40  

LOS  in  those  with  and  without  PTE/DVT  

Page 17: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Hospital)Lenght)of)Stay)

Model1))Hospital)effect)(empty)model))

Model2))Hospital)effect)and)

Adverse)Event)

Model)3)RiskAadjusted)by)

the)morbidity)characteristics)of)the)episodes)and)

hospital)Episode(characteristics))(β"coeff,"95%"CI)""

" " "

Constant) 7,37"(7,16"""7,59)" 7,33"(7,12"""7,55)" 3,83"(3,63"""3,90)"Psi12(PTE"post"o"TVP)" " 2,03"(1,99"""2,07)" 1,40)(1,38)))1,43))Age) " " "

From"18"to"39"years" " " AAA"From"40"to"64"years" " " 0,99"(0,86"""1,00)"

65"or"older" " " 1,04"(1,40"""1,57)"Gender) " " "

Mail" " " AAA"Female" " " 0,99"(0,99"""1,00)""

Comorbidity)(Elixhauser)" " " "Paralysis" " " 1,32"(1,30"""1,33)"

Lymphoma" " " 2,67"(1,08"""1,13)"Metastatic"Cancer" " " 1,36"(1,35"""1,38)"Coagulopathies" " " 1,12"(1,10"""1,14)"

Weight"loss" " " 1,58"(1,56"""1,60)"Amount)of)secondary)diagnosis)" " " 1,11"(1,10"""1,11)"

(Hospital(effect( " " "

Variance"of"level"hospital"(SE)" 0,11" 0,11" 0,13"

Average  excess  LOS  

Page 18: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Model      Excess  LOS*  

Average  excess  LOS  (log-­‐linear)   1.40  

Average  excess  LOS  conditioned  to  risk  (overall)   1.75  Average  excess  LOS  conditioned  to  risk  (within  hospital)     1.74      Min   1.2      Max     2.4      EQ   1.7      IQ   1.3    *  Basal  Hospital  length  of  stay:  3,83  days  

   

*Peiró-­‐Moreno  S,  García-­‐Petit  J,  Bernal-­‐Delagado  E,  Ridao-­‐López  M,  Librero-­‐López  J.  “El  gasto  hospitalario  poblacional,  variaciones  geográbicas  y  factores  determinantes”.  Presupuesto  y  gasto  público  2007;49:193-­‐209  

Excess  LOS  condi%oned  to  same  risk  

Page 19: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

QUESTIONS  FOR  DEBATE  

RISK  MATCHING  IS  JUST  BUILT  ON  OBSERVABLE  FACTORS  TIME-­‐DEPENDENT  BIAS  MISS-­‐CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  EVENT  

Page 20: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

JUST  OBSERVABLE  

•  Are  we  missing  some  variables  at  paTent-­‐level  that  could  determine  differences  in  risk,  beyond  the  already  considered  in  the  risk  score?  

•  Since  the  esTmaTon  of  the  risk-­‐score  has  considered  unobservable  hospital-­‐specific  variables  (mu),  and  the  event  has  been  defined  as  a  paTent  safety  event  (likely  ahributable  to  hospital  care)  –  are  we  miTgaTng  the  bias?  

Page 21: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Time-­‐dependent  bias?  In  the  opposite  sense  

Page 22: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Miss-­‐classifica%on  of  events  How  to  increase  PPV?  

Page 23: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

IMPACT  

Page 24: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Alarm  performance  Alert  performance    Average  performance  Good  performance    Excellent  performance  

Flagging  hospitals  beyond  a  threshold  VariaTon  in  the  adjusted-­‐incidence  of  PTE/DVT  

Page 25: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Performance  relative  position  in  terms  of  

ATET  Hospitals   Episodes   AE-­‐PSI12   Cost  differential  

Alarm/Alert  (%  total)  

10  (20%)  

229,792  (24.6%)  

1,736  (22.3%)  

€  19,705,221.16  (29%)  

Average  (%  total)  

29  (58%)  

515,595  (55.1%)  

4,168  (53.6%)  

€  36,010,872.96  (53%)  

Good/Excellent  (%  total)  

11  (22%)  

190,015  (20.3%)  

1,873  (24.1%)  

€  12,264,628.15  (18%)  

Total  50  

(100%)  935,402  (100%)  

7,777  (100%)  

€  67,980,722.3  (100%)  

Impact  on  costs  

*Peiró-­‐Moreno  S,  García-­‐Petit  J,  Bernal-­‐Delagado  E,  Ridao-­‐López  M,  Librero-­‐López  J.  “El  gasto  hospitalario  poblacional,  variaciones  geográbicas  y  factores  determinantes”.  Presupuesto  y  gasto  público  2007;49:193-­‐209  

Page 26: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

8.4  

4,0  

5,0  

6,0  

7,0  

8,0  

9,0  

10,0  

3,0   5,0   7,0   9,0   11,0   13,0   15,0   17,0   19,0  

Risk  adjusted  hospital  incidence  of  adverse  events*1,000  surgeries  

ATET  (extra  days)  after  TVP  (psi12)  

Quadrant  I  Quadrant  II  

Quadrant  III   Quadrant  IV  

6.7  

8.4  

Concilia%ng  safety  and  costs  Incidence  of  Adverse  Events  vs.  Average  effect  on  the  exposed  

Page 27: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

PTE  &  DVT  aWer  surgery  across  countries  

1,43 7,55 0,87 4,36 1,87

Page 28: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

ANNEX:  MODEL  SPECIFICATIONS  

Page 29: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Log-­‐linear  specifica%on  

Page 30: Wennberg International Collaborative Conference 'Variation in excess cases of adverse events amenable to health care: low value care with budgetary impact'. E. Bernal-Delgado, Septiembre

Risk-­‐score  matching  specifica%on