2016 19 -18 1

) (

2016 19 -18

/

)

(

/ 2

..

/

./

./

./

/

2016 19 -18 3

./ ./

/ /

./

/ /

/

/

/

/ / /

/

/

)

(

/ 4

Table of Contents

10 .......................................... 10 .............................................

12 ................................................................ 12 .................................................................

13 13 ......................................... /

41 ......................... 41 .........................................

54 .............................................

54 .............................................................. . . 54 ............................................................... . 54 ........................................................... .

57 ................ 57 ..................................................... . 57 ................................................. .

59 ....... 59 ...................................

:

......................................................................................... 70 70 ....................................................

70 ...................................................... 70 ................................................ 70 ...................................................

2016 19 -18 5

70 ........................................... 87 .............................................................................

87 ..................................................... 87 ........................................................... 87 ................................................. 87 ........................................................... 87 ................................................... 88

88 ................................ :

98 ................

98 .............................................. . .. 98 ............................................... . . 98 .................................................. . .

128 128 ....................................................

128 ...............................................

129 ...... 129 ............................................ / 129 ............................................... /

168 ... 168 ........................................................... /

)

(

/ 6

: 185 ..........................

185 .................................... / 185 ................................................................ /

207 207 .................................... /

....................................................................................... 208

208 ......................................................... . 208 ....................................................... . 208 ..................................................... /

Introduction Of Grading Rubrics To Egyptian Pharmacy Students

Oral Assessments ............................................... 256 256 .......................................... / 256 ............................ / .

269 .................. 269 .......................................................

270 270 ................................................ / 270 ......................................................... /

286 .....

286 ........................................... . / 286 .................. :

2016 19 -18 7

...................................................................................... 288

288 ......................................... 288 .................................... 288 ........................................ 288 .............................................

290 : 290 ............................................................. /

302 ..........................................

302 ............................................... / 302 .............................................. /

336 ........................................................................

336 ........................................... / 340 .........................................

340 ................................................. 340 ...................................

368 : 368 ......................................................... /

370 .................................

370 ..................................... / 404 ........................

404 .....................................

)

(

/ 8

405 .........................................................................-

405 ............................................................. / 407

407 .................................... 408

408 ......................... / 419

419 ..................................... / . 442 ..

442 ............................................. / . :

....................................................................................... 449 449 ..................................... /

466 466 .................................................. /

466 .............................. / 476

476 ................................ / 477 ..................

477 ......................................... -

478 ......................................... 478 ......................................................... /

496 ..........................

2016 19 -18 9

496 ........................................ :

500 ................................................................ 500 .....................................................

Team Teaching versus Solo Teaching: A Study of EFL Primary

Pupils' Achievement and Attitudes. ....... 501 :

501 .................... 501 ..................................... /

503 The Economic value in language investment for labor market need 503

503 .................................................... / 531 ...............

531 .................................... / 548

548 ........................................... / 569

569 ............................................................ /

)

(

/ 10

. ) ( )(

.

45 . : 16

) ( .

1978

: 25 2005 (1 (2 (3 (4

http://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Com.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Com.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/art.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Edu.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Edu.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Law.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Law.aspxhttp://www.benisuef.gov.eg/New_Portal/Tour/images/all/Pharaonic/medum.JPG

2016 19 -18 11

(5 (6 (7 (8 (9

(10 (11 (12 (13 (14 (15 (16 (17 (18 (19 (20 (21 (22 (23 (24 (25

http://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/med.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/med.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/vetmed.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/vetmed.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/sci.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/sci.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/pharm.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/pharm.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/nur.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/nur.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/phyedu.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Eng.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Eng.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Indedu.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Indedu.aspxhttp://www.fcis.bsu.edu.eg/http://www.fcis.bsu.edu.eg/http://www.bsu.edu.eg/Fpashome.aspxhttp://www.bsu.edu.eg/Fpashome.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Economic.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Dentistry.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Dentistry.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/media.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/media.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/PhysicalTherapy.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/PhysicalTherapy.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Agriculture.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/Agriculture.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/HealthScin.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/kindergarten.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/kindergarten.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/AppliedArts.aspxhttp://www.bsuv.bsu.edu.eg/AppliedArts.aspx

)

(

/ 12

.

:

2016 19 -18 13

/

) (

( 70 )

(3.56)

(3.81)

.

The role of evaluate the performance leaders in the Palestinian

universities on the University education outcome

The study aimed to identify the role of evaluate the performance of

the leaders in the Palestinian universities on university education

outcomes, the researcher taken from Palestinian universities

(Islamic, Al-Azhar, Al-Aqsa) as a model for field study, The study

sample consisted of (70) Single, the researcher followed the

descriptive analytical method, The researcher used the

questionnaire as a tool for the study; to learn about the role of

evaluate the performance of the leaders in the Palestinian

universities on university education outcomes , the results

indicated that the arithmetic average of all the paragraphs of

university education outputs equal to (3.56), while the level of

evaluate the performance of the leaders in the Palestinian

)

(

/ 14

universities with a mean (3.81), and it also shows a statistically

significant relationship between the evaluate of performance of

the role of leaders and outputs of university education in the

Palestinian universities in the Gaza Strip, and in the end the study

found a statistically significant effect of the evaluate the

performance of leaders, and outputs of university education in the

Palestinian universities in the Gaza Strip .

:

.

.(Haksen & others, 2000: 76)

2016 19 -18 15

.

: :

.

(. 148: 2012)

30 % 73 29-20

: 2012% 81 % 70.3% 71.7 % 73

% ) 60.3% 68.9 http://paltoday.ps/ar/post/172473( 2012

)

(

/ 16

: .1 .2 .3

.4

: :

: . .1 . .2 .3

. . .4

: : :

.1 .

.2 .

.3 . .

2016 19 -18 17

: : :

" : ."

" ."

" : )

." ( " :

) ." (

: : :

.- :

: ) (. .2016 : :

) ( (.10/3/2016 )

: :

)

(

/ 18

. :

(Bakhateiyari, M., et al., 2015)

GLD .

( 2014 ) ) (

:

. .

( 2014 ) .

.

( 2012 )

.

( 2011 )

.

2016 19 -18 19

( 2011 )

: ) (.

. (Viviane M. J. Robinson, 2008)

4-3

:

. ( 2008 )

.

( 2008 )

. (Heijke and Meng, 2006)

)

(

/ 20

.

(2011) ( 2011 )

( 2012( ) 2014 )

( 2008 )

.

- -

. : :

.

.

2016 19 -18 21

.

. .1

. . .

( 66: 2015 )

:

"

(162: 2009) " : 2010)

& Haque) (59

)

(

/ 22

James, 2007: 27). " "( 35: 2013) "

( 284: 2006) " "

(.86: 2005) "

.

:

.

(. 3: 2009 )

2016 19 -18 23

: :

(.302: 2006 . )

) (

.

. ) (

.

. .

.

)

(

/ 24

(Bourne, 2003: 15).

.

: . : .1

(.10: 2011 )

2016 19 -18 25

(.11: 2011 )

: .

: .

: .

:

. : .2

(55: 2008 : )

.

.

)

(

/ 26

. . .

: .3

(.2000:62 )

: .4

2016 19 -18 27

(.174: 2007 )

.

.

.

(66: 1997 : )

.

.

.

.

)

(

/ 28

.

(72: 2005 : )

: ]

. :

.

: :

. ::

( 85 )

( 70% )82 :

2016 19 -18 29

(70 )= (1 )

:: "

" .

: :( 105: 2010) " "

: : .1

%

5.7 4 35

41.4 29 40 -36 52.9 37 41

37.1 26 62.9 44

15.7 11 18.6 13

32.9 23 32.9 23

4.3 3 5

18.6 13 10 - 5 77.1 54 10

)

(

/ 30

.

: .2

. : : "

( 97: 2010) "( 0.821 )

. )(

.

:Normality Distribution Test : K-S) ) Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test -

( 1.258 ) 0.05 ( 0.084 ) (.Sig)

.

: :

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) . : :

T : 3

2016 19 -18 31

t (3 )

t

)

Sig)

0.000* 25.49 76.25 0.26 3.81

. 0.05 * 3.81( 3 )

0.000( Sig )25.49% 76.25

.

: : T

: 3

)

(

/ 32

t( 4 )

t

)

Sig)

1.

3.75

0.39

75.09

16.00

*0.000

1

2 .

3.42

0.37

68.46

9.54

*0.000 3

3 .

3.51

0.42

70.11

9.99

*0.000 2

3.56

0.25

71.22

18.79

*0.000

. 0.05 * ( : 4 )

" " .1 (Sig) 16.00% 75.09 3.75

. 0.000

.

. .

2016 19 -18 33

3.42 " " .2 0.000 (Sig) 9.54% 68.46

. 3.51 " " .3

0.000 (Sig) 9.99% 70.11

. 3.56

0.000 ( Sig) 18.79% 71.22

. :

( 0.05 : ) .

)

(

/ 34

" "

. (5 )

(.Sig)

( 0.05 )

.301 *0.006

. 0.05 *.( Sig ) 301.( 5)

0.05 0.006

( 2008 ) .

( 0.05 : ) .

" "

2016 19 -18 35

. : ( 0.05 ) .1

0.012 .0.05

% 9 0.090 = 0.301 = .2 ) (

% 91

" " " . "0.285+ 2.472 =

(6 )

T

Sig.

0.000 5.849 2.472 0.012 2.579 0.285

0.090= 0.301 =( (0.05 :

)

(. . " T "

3 " " . . .

)

(

/ 36

" T " (7 )

(Sig. )

0.140 2.022 T-

0.975 0.333

0.886 0.215 0.273 1.322

(.Sig)( 7 ) 0.05

.

( 2008 ) .

: : : :

:

(3.81) .1 (0.000) Sig (25.49) T% 75.25

. .2

(0.000) Sig (16.00) T% 75.09 (3.75) .

2016 19 -18 37

(3.42) .3 (0.000) Sig (9.54) T% 68.46

. (3.51) .4

(0.000) Sig (9.99) T% 70.11 .

.5 .

.6 .

.7 .

: : .1

. .2

. .3

. .4

. .5

.

)

(

/ 38

: : . " "( 2013 ) .1

. "( 2011 ) .2

- ( 19 ) ( )

( .1 ) "( 2010 ) .3

." -( 2011 ) .4

.-

: "( 2009) .5 ."

(. 2010 ) .6 .

"( 2008 ) .7 . "

"( 2000 ) .8 .

- "( 2007 ) .9 .( 57 )"

2016 19 -18 39

"( 2005 ) .10

( .1( )127) . " "( 2005 ) .11( 2012 ) .12

- (.90( )34 )

( 1997 ) .13

( .28 ) "(. 2014 ) .14

- ( 7 )

(16.) -(. 2001 ) .15

. "( 2014 ) .16

" ( .17( )7)

"( 2008 ) .17 "

(.4( )2 ) ( .2006 ) .18

)

(

/ 40

"( 2009 ) .19 ."

( 2008 ) .20

( .1( )5 ) : .

1. Bakhateiyari, M., et al. (2015) Evaluating the Performance of Managers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospitals from the Viewpoint of

Personnel. Journal of Service Science and Management, 8, 209-215.

2. Bourne, M., Franco, M. & Wilkes, J. (2003), Corporate performance management, Measuring Business Excellence 2003, 7, 3.

3. Haksen & others,( 2000). "Service management and operation", 2ms edition, prentice-hall upper saddle river, new jersey.

4. Haque Z. and James W, (2007), Linking Balanced Scoured Measure to size and Market Factors: Management Accounting Research Journal , Vol (12), pp12-27.

5. Heijke, Hans, Meng, Christoph (2006). Discipline-specific and academic Competencies of the higher educated: their value in the labour market and their Acquisition in education.

Paper presented on the departure of wim Nijhof, University of Twente, 29 September 2006.

6. Robinson J. M. VivianeThe Impact of Leadership on Student Outcomes: An , (2008):Analysis of the Differential Effects of Leadership Types, Educational Administration

67.-635 5 no.44 vol. ,Quarterly

http://eaq.sagepub.com/search?author1=Viviane+M.+J.+Robinson&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://eaq.sagepub.com/search?author1=Viviane+M.+J.+Robinson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit

2016 19 -18 41

. ..

- : -1-

.-2- : -1-

: .

.

.

.

)

(

/ 42

.

.

.

. .

.

. .

2016 19 -18 43

. - -2

. (S & E)

. .

. .

.S & E S & E

S & E R & D

.

)

(

/ 44

.

.

. . -3-

: .1

.

( Multimedia )

:

( )

. : .2

( VOIP )

2016 19 -18 45

: .3 .

: .

: .4 ( ) .

.

: :

: .

: .5

.

)

(

/ 46

.

: .6 .

. .

: .7 .

.

: .8

.

: .9

. . 1

1 :

2016 19 -18 47

. -4-

.

.

.

.

-: -5-

)

(

/ 48

-: -6-

: : :

: .

: .

: . . -7-

2016 19 -18 49

. . -8-

.

:

:

:

:

: .

: . :

)

(

/ 50

. :

.

. -9-

- -

.

"

(Monster.com) (LinkedIn) - - (Indeed.com)

" " .

2016 19 -18 51

% 30 %.45

.

. -

.

( )

.

.

http://www.aljazeera.net/home/getpage/12835b50-a872-4466-b351-a0204482c134/77ebc038-fa04-4c2e-9112-5a892d11b6e5http://www.aljazeera.net/home/getpage/12835b50-a872-4466-b351-a0204482c134/415a9c02-9f8e-4cc9-8cc7-9b9a59a98865

)

(

/ 52

.

.

2025 2.7 .

. "

"

.

.

.

http://www.aljazeera.net/home/getpage/e7382a29-8cce-446d-9973-f9971c308afa/23900f2e-a068-4533-b204-048c336f9c25http://www.aljazeera.net/home/getpage/e7382a29-8cce-446d-9973-f9971c308afa/23900f2e-a068-4533-b204-048c336f9c25

2016 19 -18 53

.

.

2025

.

. - : -10-

-: -10- : 1

-2- . -3- . -4 -5

)

(

/ 54

. . ..

)

( .

.

.

. . . .

. . .

. .

2016 19 -18 55

. .

. . .

: .

.

.

. . . /

. .......

- -

)

(

/ 56

2016 19 -18 57

. .

) ( .

.

.

. :

.

.

.

)

(

/ 58

2016 19 -18 59

.

. .

-:

. ... .

.

.

. .

:

-:

)

(

/ 60

.

. : : %60

2016 19 -18 61

.

.

- :

- : -:

)

(

/ 62

- : - : -:

.

: .

.

)(.

( . ) .

: .

-: .

()

-: )

. (..

.. (. - ) - :

- :-:

2016 19 -18 63

- - - .

- - - - : .

) : (

. . - :

-: :

.

. .

-: :

.

. -: .

.

)

(

/ 64

.

.

) ( .

.

.

.

-:-: - :

- : .

- : .

2016 19 -18 65

-:

.

. .

.

.

)

(

/ 66

-:

. . :

. . .

. . . -:

2016 19 -18 67

-:

. -:

.

.

-: -: -:

.

. .

.

)

(

/ 68

. -:/ ()

. .

. -:

. .

. .

: .

.

2016 19 -18 69

. . .

) (

.

2020

:

.

.% 1-%47

. .

)

(

/ 70

:

.

: :

. -1 -2

. . -3

: .-1 . -2

2016 19 -18 71

:

: -1

. :-2

. -3

. (201110)

-4 .

(198414) : -5

(.17 1988 . ) ( 527)

: -6 .

( 15) -7

(124723)

)

(

/ 72

ANXIETY

Anxiety states are generally defined as unpleasantemotional

reactions to anticipated injury or harm from some external danger.

Charles Darwin(1872) argued that they were the product of

evolution in both humans and animals, and observed that fear and

anxiety vary in intensity, from mild apprehension or surprise, to an

ex-treme agony of terror. Freud regarded fear as

objective anxiety. The intensity of the emotional reaction was

proportional to the magnitude of an external danger: the greater

the external danger, the stronger the perceived threat, the more

intense the resulting anxiety reaction. Freud also emphasized the

experiential (phenomenological)

qualities of anxiety, which he defined as some-thing felt, an

unpleasant emotional state char-acterized by subjective feelings of

chronic acterized by subjective feelings of chronic apprehension,

and by all that is covered word nervousness (1924 [1895]: 79).

.

: . . .

)Adam kuper - -2004 34)

To Freud, a feeling of fear and dread without an obvious cause:

reality anxiety is a fear of tangible dangers; neurotic anxiety

involves a conflict between id and ego; moral anxiety involves a

conflict between id and between id and superego.

.

)Duane p.schultz--200960)

2016 19 -18 73

) ( ) (

)( ) (

) (

)

(

/ 74

( 23:20 1247)

) ( (32 - 1987 -)

.

Hypos Thanatos

. " :

. "

(10-2011-)

2016 19 -18 75

"

"

)

(

/ 76

:Death

Anxiety

-1 :

.

: -2

. : -3 . (38 1987 )

2016 19 -18 77

: -4

. (27 1987 ) -5

. )(

. : Death Anxiety

(134 2002 ) . -6

. : -7

. (26 2012 ) :

. : . .1

)

(

/ 78

: ) ( .2 .

: . .3 : .4

(.1945 ) :

. . 1974

(Lugo , 1979 , p308) ( 526- )

: :

:

.

.

)( :

.

2016 19 -18 79

)( : )(

.

( 36-35-2013-)

.

. .

93 69 25 Landan one Moaz 1978 -1( )

.

Landala and Moal 1978 , p ) 117 . )

Sanders 1980 -2 . 31 31

sanders , 1980 , p )

53 .) Stevens 1980 -3

83 16 295

)

(

/ 80

83 60 (.sterns , 1980 , p 205 ) .

Lester 1979 -4( 11 )

80 50 64 . 27 21 ( 71)

(. Lester , 1979 , p 562 . ) ( 100 ) TAT Kalish 1963 -5

( . kalish , 1963 , 137 ) .

.

. ( 531532-)

) / (

.

2016 19 -18 81

( 706 ) Death Anxiety

: .

. ( 1- )

.

.

.

30

3

( . ) 15*

.15

)

(

/ 82

( 50:40( )40:21 ) 3* ( .59:50)

3* .

- - - - -)

1 / 12 ( ) (

: : : .( 801 .) spss

. : ) (: Private -1

.spss (.15-10-9-3 . ) . 12 4 16

5 3 7 7 6 2 8 5 2 6 6 3

13 8 9 13 12 5

2016 19 -18 83

.(89 : .) -2 :

1 0.570** 2 0.456** 3 0.324 4 0.607** 5 0.377* 6 0.518** 7 0.676** 8 0.560** 9 0.351 10 0.333

11 0.558** 12 0.586** 13 0.692 14 0.361* 15 0.347 16 0.682**

0.05* 0.01**

( 15 10 9 3 . ) .

:-3 / . -1 / . -2 / . -3 / . -4 / -5

:

)

(

/ 84

.

:

5 . .30 20

. : . -1 . -2

. -3

spss T. test group T=1.31 0.05 198 .

.

: :

.

2016 19 -18 85

. :

: -5 -6

(--( )1515) 30

12 ( 1.31 ) T-test group

.

( ( 1987 )-)-1 ) -2

: -

((88 )

)

(

/ 86

( ) 2012) )-3 (

( ( ) 1247) )-4

- ( (

( -( 2002) )-5 (2001) )-6

- (

-( 1984) )-7 (

( -) -8- - - -) -9

( 95-

10- ( adamkuper(2004)The social science of encyclopedia New work-routledge)

11-(Duane p.schultz(2009)theories of personality-ninth edition)

2016 19 -18 87

-:

-: -1 -2 -3

- :

30 :

.

)

(

/ 88

-:

.

.

:

.

2016 19 -18 89

:

: .

: (1 . (2 . (3 . (4 (5 (6

)

(

/ 90

(7 (8 (9

(10 . (11

. :-

:.

.

:

. :

DBMS

2016 19 -18 91

(1:

(2 . (3

. . .

.

File Systems ) : :

. .

: . :

.

(1 (2

)

(

/ 92

(3 (4 (5 (6 (7 . (8 (9

(10

(11 (12 (13 (14 (15 (16

: . : :

. . : . . . .

2016 19 -18 93

. : - :

.

. :

....( ) :

.

. .

.

.

(: DBMS ) MS-Access Oracle Sybase Power Builder

)

(

/ 94

Informix DB and DBMS

: .

.

(Database Management System DBMS)

+ ( + )

( Database (DB) + DBMS Database System (DBS)

(:DBA )

(:DB Designer )

(:End User )

(:Analyst & Programmer )

o

o o

( ) +

2016 19 -18 95

( Analyst + Programmer Database system Engineer)

: :

:

:

: :

:

-: -:

.

)

(

/ 96

- : )

( -

-: - : -:

-:

) (

2016 19 -18 97

- :

) (

.

( - )

)

(

/ 98

:

.. .. ...

/

( SEM( )Structural Equation Modeling )

.

/

2016 19 -18 99

.

. /

) ( 3: 2005

.

)

(

/ 100

/ :

. (1 . (2 (3

. /

: :.

. (1 (2

. . (3 . (4

. : :

. (1 . (2 . (3 . (4

/ :

) : : (1 (

2016 19 -18 101

. ( : ) (2

(1 )

/

. ( 142: 1992 )

)

(

)

(

/ 102

(.Griffin, 1999: 428)

trainer) )to train) )

( 17: 2011 )

.

.

/

( 35: 2015 ) Garavan & others , 1995)

(25: (Stewart & Brown :2009 :356)

(Chilana )

( :12: 2015 ) (1

. (2

.

2016 19 -18 103

(3

. (4

.

(5

.

.

/

( 7: 2001: )

. (1 . (2 (3

. . (4 . (5 . (6 . (7

)

(

/ 104

. (8( 18: 2007( ) 336: 1999)

(2 )

336: 1999( : 2 )

/

-

) .( :

: (138: 2010 ): - (1

.

(2

2016 19 -18 105

.

: - (1

. .

(2

.(151: 2010 )

: - (1

. (2

.

)

(

/ 106

) ( (3

.

( ) . .

(4 ....

. /

(:103: 2012 ) (Orolyn, 2000: 33) : (1

.

: (2

... .

: (3 .

2016 19 -18 107

: (4

.

.

/

(Markland , 1995: 3)

( 34: 2005 )

)(

( 18: 2006)

(.12: 2003 )

)

(

/ 108

(.3: 1995 )

( 7: 2013) (Jones, 2003: 224)

. /

) ) (

2015 :366) : : (1

.

: (2 .

: (3 .

( ISO-9000 )

.

2016 19 -18 109

/ (89: 2004 )

: ) ( (1

. ) (2

.

. (3 (4

(.7: 2013) ( QAA )

(:5: 2011 )

)( (1 . "

(2 .

(3 .

. (4 . (5

)

(

/ 110

/

( SEM( )Structural Equation Modeling)

Byrne ,2010 )

( .1 ) ( .3: ( SEM) ( 1 )

:

.2013

2016 19 -18 111

( / 1)( 4 ) ( 3 )

.( Modification indices )

( SEM ) (3 )

(AMOS v.18) :

( RMSEA))(

)

(

/ 112

%( 8 ) Modification)

Indices (

.

2016 19 -18 113

( 4 ) :

:

1.594 GFI) 0.966)

AGFI) 0.918 ) RMSEA) 0.076 )

CFI) 0.926 ) :

& Costello( )0.40) Osborne,2005)

( / 2)

( 5 ) .

)

(

/ 114

( SEM) ( 5 )

:

( .6 )

2016 19 -18 115

(6 )

(AMOS v.18) : :

3.277

GFI) 0.959) AGFI) 0.913 )

RMSEA) 0.075 ) CFI) 0.953 )

:

)

(

/ 116

/

( 0.352) ) (

.( t ) ( 2 )

(t)

0.01 0.05 **0.352 2.36 1.66 5.345 (t) P-Value 0.000

(= 0.01( )**( )= 0.05)*( )

( 0.609)) (

.( t ) (3 )

(t)

0.01 0.05 **0.609 2.36 1.66 10.919 (t) P-Value 0.000

(= 0.01 ) )**( (= 0.05)*( )

2016 19 -18 117

( 0.684) ) ( .( t )

( 4 )

(t)

0.01 0.05 **0.684 2.36 1.66 13.322 (t) P-Value 0.000

(= 0.01( )**( )= 0.05)*( )

) ( t ) ( 0.462) (

. ( 5 )

(t)

0.01 0.05 **0.462 2.36 1.66 7.410 (t)

P-Value 0.000 (= 0.01( )**( )= 0.05)*( )

)

(

/ 118

:

) ( (0.708 )

.( t ) ( 6 )

(t)

0.01 0.05 **0.708 2.38 1.67 14.256 (t) P-Value 0.000

(= 0.01( )**( )= 0.05)*( ) /

( :7 ) : (1

) ( () ( 0.05( )F ) ( 1) ( ) (0.352)( 0.244)

( %12.4 ) ( 0.352 )

.( R2=0.124 ) :

(0.352) + (0.244) =) (

2016 19 -18 119

: (2 ) (

()( 0.05 )( F ) ( 1 )( ) (0.609)( 0.462)

( 37.1% ) ( 0.609) ( )

(R2=0.371 . ( :

(0.609) + (0.462) =) ( : (3

) ( () ( 0.05( )F )

( 1) () (0.684)( 0.587) ( 46.8% ) ( 0.684)

) ( (R2=0.468 .(

: (0.684) + (0.587) = ( )

: (4 ) (

() ( 0.05( )F ) ( 1 ) () (0.462) ( 0.404)

( 0.462)

)

(

/ 120

%( 21.4 ) .( R2=0.214)

: (0.462) + (0.404) = ) (

( 7 )

F-Cal 28.568

P 0.000

R2 0.124

0.244

0.352

F-Cal 119.234

P 0.000

R2 0.371 0.462

0.609

F-Cal 177.477

P 0.000

R2 0.468 0.587

0.684

F-Cal 54.906

P 0.000

R2 0.214 0.404

0.462

(SPSS v.18) : ( 8 )

) ) (

2016 19 -18 121

( ( )

( %55.3) ( 8 ) (R2=0.553 ) ( )

. :

332211 xxxY

Y= 1.278+0.249(x1) +0.153(x2) +0.580(x3)

( ) 0.249+1.278 = ( )0.580+ ( )0.153+

( 8 ) R2 F P

1.278

0.249

0.553 61.669

0.000 0.040 0.153

0.000 0.580 0.457 0.053-

(SPSS v.18) : (SPSS )

(.8( )7( )AMOS )

)

(

/ 122

(7 )

(AMOS v.18) : (8 )

(8 )

: (AMOS v.18)

2016 19 -18 123

/

(1

. (2

. (3

.

(4 ) (

.

(5

. (6

.

)

(

/ 124

(7

. /

(1

. (2

. (3

.

(4 .

(5 .

(6

. (7

.

2016 19 -18 125

/

" (1 ) ":

.2004 ( (2

.2015 86 21 (3

. 2012 48 (4

.2015 33

(5 .2013

. 2011 (6 (7

2005.

: (8

.2003 73 / (9

. 1995

)

(

/ 126

(10 .2011 4

. 2010 (11 (12

) : .2004 (

(13 . 2007

.1992 (14 /

1- Garavan, Thomas N. & Costine , Pet & Heraty , Noreen , (1995) ,"Training and Development in Ireland : context , policy and practice", Colour Books LTD ,Ireland ,1995.

2- Griffin, Ricky W., Management, 6th ed., Houghton Mifflin Co., New York,1999. 3- Jones, Sandra, Measuring the Quality of Higher Education: linking teaching quality

measures at the delivery level to administrative measures at the university level", Quality in

Higher Education. Vol. 9, No. 3. November: ,2003.

4- Markland Robert E., and etal, , Operations management : cocepts in manufacturing and services, west publishing company,1995.

5- Orolyn Nilson, Training Program Work Book Englewood Clifs, New Gersey,Prentice Hall, 2000, P. 33.

6- Stewart, F and G. Brown with additional case study materials by G. Brown, C. Caumartin,A. Cobham, A. Langer and U. Ukiwo Fragile States. CRISE Working Paper No.

51,Oxford: CRISE, 2009.

2016 19 -18 127

" "

.

.

.

: : . :

)

(

/ 128

:

(1) (2)

:

:

) ( ) 50 50 100 (

2016 19 -18 129

/ /

-1:

-2

-3 -4

)

(

/ 130

.

- - /

:

. :

.

.

2016 19 -18 131

1.(80 2012 )

.

-78 2012)

79.)2

3

"(.2012 )1

." (.2012 )2 "(. 2005 ) 3

" .

)

(

/ 132

:

. .

.

1(.3 2004 )

.2( 1132 2009() 137 2004)

"(. 2004 )1

" .5/7/2004-3

"(.2009 ) 2-15 : "

1224 -1130 16 137 . ( 2004 )

2016 19 -18 133

:

1 .

2 .

( 5-3 ) 3(. 1998() 2002 )

4(2006 )

5(2001 )

25 (. 2005 ) 1 158 1425 21-19 (. 2005 ) 2 " "( . 2002 ) 3

. " "( .1998 )

. 54 -39( 48 ) "(. 2006 )4

(.23()21 ) " " "(.2001 )5

(.1()2)( )

http://www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php?t=2127http://www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php?t=2127http://www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php?t=2127http://www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php?t=2127

)

(

/ 134

.

1997

( 418 2007 ) ) 1(64 2002)

2(1401 2007

2002 3(623 2007 )

.UNESCO,2003,4)4 )

"(.2007 ) 1

: " 418(. 1 )

" : "(.2002 ) 64(. 2( )18 )

"(.2007 ) 2 : "

(.4 ) : " "(.2007 )3

623(. 2 ) 4UNESCO. Review of Quality Assurance and Accreditation Systems in UNESCO member States, OECD / Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services: Managing the Internationalization of Post Secondary Education, (3-4) November, Norway,2003

2016 19 -18 135

1(165 2006 ) 1424

: .

2(408 2007 )

3(1064-1063 2007)

.

4(2004 ) :

5( 2004 )

" "(.2006 ) 1

165 . : "(.2007 )2

408 )(. " "(.2007 )3

: 1064-1063(. 3 )

(. 2004 )4 . 2004 5

)

(

/ 136

1(2005 ) )

2(2005 .

:

-1 : -2

-3

-4

. :

-

:

: "(. 2005 ) 1

" . 264 -236( 1 )

"( .2005 )2 ) "

( .

2016 19 -18 137

: :

.

.

.

: :

( : ) - .

-) - ( -

: ( - - ) -

) ( - ( - ) - (- - ) -

)

(

/ 138

(. - ) - :

: -1

: :-

.

. - ) -

. 1436/1437

: -2

. .-3

: :

.

.

. : -

: -

2016 19 -18 139

: - ,Richey)

Dennes & Foxon, 2001))1 )

(Greenfield,20002 " " "

) (

) )2005242) " 3(2005

: : -1

:

. ( : : ) -2

-

1Richey R.C. Dennes, F.C. & Foxon, M. (2001). Instructional design competencies: New York: The standards. Clearinghouse on

iinformation & technology. Syracuse University, Syracuse. 2Greenfieldm J. 2000. Competency-based education: What, why and how?, Retrieved from www.asaenet.org.

. 1 (. 2005 ) 3 (. 2005 ) -

)

(

/ 140

: : -3

.

: :-4

.

: : 5

. : -6

:

() 231-230 2004 ) 1(.75-74 2012

"(. 2004 )1

2016 19 -18 141

: : - -

:

.1(20-14 2010) : (Cooper,1973,17-20 )2

: :

: :

.

3(2005 ) ) (

4(2009)

:

"(.2012 )- " "(.2010 )1

.2Cooper, J. M., et al., (1973). "Specifying Teacher competences". Journal of Teacher Education. Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 17-20.

. " ."(. 2005 )3 "(.2009 )4

."

)

(

/ 142

. - -

-

. ( ) -

. -

. . - ) -

. -

. . - . - . - . - ) -

(. ) ( .

. -

2016 19 -18 143

. - 1. - :

: :

:

:

:

:

:

....

:

. Advising.aspx-http://www.qu.edu.sa/Academic/Pages/Academic 11/4/2016 1

http://www.qu.edu.sa/Academic/Pages/Academic-Advising.aspx

)

(

/ 144

1) (. -

: " 2Brawn,2002,22)) :-

) "

" )2513 2004

4(59 2011 ) " "

: ."

: : - "

: :

.7-6 "(.2015/2016) 1

48-55-10-30-10-2013-uncategorised/470-plan/2-advising-u.edu.eg/fagr/index.php/academichttp://www.fagr.b 2Braun: (2002) Training Needs Assessment: A must for developing an effective training program

"( 2004 )3 .

"(. 2011 )4 .2011 ( 145) - - "

http://www.fagr.bu.edu.eg/fagr/index.php/academic-advising-plan/2-uncategorised/470-2013-10-30-10-55-48http://www.fagr.bu.edu.eg/fagr/index.php/academic-advising-plan/2-uncategorised/470-2013-10-30-10-55-48

2016 19 -18 145

)

2005 121-122.(1

:

2(2005208 )

3(.2004209 ) :-

" John,2003))4

. " " At A nation

"Risk 1983

.

"(. 2005 )1

7 20 . " (.2005 ) 2 . (2004 )3

4John,A.,J.,(2003)."ICT and Future Teachers: are we Peraing For Learing ?,Paper Presented at The IFIP Working Group 3.1

and 3.3Working Conference :ICT and The Teacher of The Future , University of Melbourne, Australia ,27-31 Jan.

)

(

/ 146

: - 6024//7

3/28/1424 9/2/1424 15/1/1424

1(30 2009 )

373 2(.3 2011 (

3( 2007 ) .(ISO9002)

" "

. 4 .

"(.2009 ) 1

. . "(.2011) 2 "(.2007 ) 3

)("(9002 ) .378-345

4http:// valrocha.com/web/qualit/27.htm : 3/6/2009

2016 19 -18 147

. "

." . . )

1(.14-13 2009 2(164-163 2006)

:

.

Holmes, 1996)3) :

)

: 4( 2001 .

.

"(.2009 )1

. (.2006 )2

3(Holmes, toddj. (1996). " Total quality management in higher education implementation within the Virgina community college

system", Dissertation for the degree of Ph.D George mason university. Holmes, 1996 2001 4

)

(

/ 148

:

.- 1 - 2

1).2002 ) -3

.

. - 4 .- 5 -6

) 2001( .2 " "

: (14)

(. 2002 )1

. : . (. 2001 )2

2016 19 -18 149

.

" "

1(2007 ) iso)

iso9002) : 9002

. )

: : : 2( 89-101 2006 :

: : :

.

3(462 458 2007 ) :

. 20071 . 2006 2 "(.2007 )3

: " ) (.

)

(

/ 150

. 1( 2002 )

: 2(2005 )

. : -

:

:-

.

" "(.2002 ) 1

(.27 ) . 2005 2

2016 19 -18 151

: -

%( 85 )

:

:

. ( 1 )

1 8 1 3 7-2-1 2

3 6 28-25-24-5-4-3

3 30-22-13 4

5

11-12-17-18-19-21-27

7

2 29-15 6

7 1 23

1 9 8

)

(

/ 152

2 26-20 9 2 16-14 10

11

6-10 2

30 30 : :-

:

. : -

.

: -

. ,76. ,69 ( 2. ),72

. ( 2 )

.,69 1 .,71 2

2016 19 -18 153

.,72 3 .,71 4 ,.71 5 .,76 6 .,73 7 .,73 8 .,74 9 .,72 10 .,69 11

.,72 ( 3)

8 %20 6 1 3 16,26%

16 3,53%

44 %6,26 24 %4,24 22 3 6 28,48%

3

4 6 24 3,13% 64 5,35% 92 3,51%

16 3 3 47,17%

26 9,28%

48 3,53%

)

(

/ 154

: :

" 1)25 2005) :-

. 2005 1

96 %1,32 68 %22 46 7 7 57,45%

%50 30 %30 18 %20 12 2 5 6

%3,53 16 %3,33 10 %3,13 4 1 3 7

8

3 1 6 20% 8 6,26% 16 3,53%

%3,53 32 %30 18 %6,16 10 2 3 9

1 %60 36 %6,26 16 %3,13 8 2 2 0

11

1 2 8 3,13% 14 3,23% 38 3,63%

162 30 5,17%

274 29% 404 3,53%

2016 19 -18 155

) " " 1(2013

."

( 170 ) "

"( 196 ) "

(.1423) " :

:- .

: - .

. : - 15-10 : -

.

"(.2013 )1 . 2- 1 "

)

(

/ 156

15-10 : - .

: -

.

: - .

: - .

: -

: .

: - -: -

. : -

.

: - . - . -

2016 19 -18 157

. - " : -

." : -

. : -

. : : - . .

. : -

. : :

- - - .

: -

: ( 5 )

- : )

)

(

/ 158

- - -

(

( )5 )- -

- -

(( 5 )

) -

- -

- (.

: - - - - :

.- : -

- .

: : -

2016 19 -18 159

o - - -

. - ( 12 : ) -

( 4 ) (3 )

( 4)

1

2

3 -

- 4

- 5

- 6

12 :-

: :

)

(

/ 160

: - .

: - .

: - .

: :- : -

- :)

(. : : ) -

:

(. : : ) -

(. :-

.

2016 19 -18 161

: : -1

.

: : -2)

( . :

-1 .

-2 .

-3 .

-4 .

. -5 -6

. :

" . " "(.2009) -1 (.2()9 )

)

(

/ 162

"(. 2005 ) -2 "

. : "(. 2005 ) -3

"

. 264 -236( 1) "(.2011) -4

. ".(2009 )-5

. " (. 1996 )-6

. "(. 2004 )-7

"

.5/7/2004-3 "(.2007 )-8

: " (.2 )

"(.2009 ) -9 .

" ".(2006 )-10 .

2016 19 -18 163

1 (. 2005 ) -11 .

"( .1998 ) -12 54 -39( 48 ) "

"(.2012 )-13 "

. : "(.2002 ) -14

(.2( )18 ) " ".(2010 ) -15

" . 398 - 359) (

"( 2004 )-16 . .

"(.2009 ) -71 "

16-15 : 1130- 1224 .

"(.2007 ) -18 : "

(.4 )

"(. 2005 )-19 . 7 20 . "

)

(

/ 164

"(.2001 )-20) "

(.1()2)( "(. 2006 )-21

" (.23()21 )

. : . (1983 )-22 ".(2009 )-23

26 - 1 42 ) ( " .

"(. 2005 )-24 " -

. 1426 12 - 10

"(.2007 )-25 : "

(.3 ) "(.2007 )-26

) )("(9002

.378-345 "( .2005 )-27

" ) (

.

http://www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php?t=2127http://www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php?t=2127http://www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php?t=2127http://www.shatharat.net/vb/showthread.php?t=2127

2016 19 -18 165

: . (. 2001 ) -28 "(.2007 )-29

: )(.

"(.2007 )-30 "

) (. : "(.2013 ) -31

2- 1 " .

DEMING "(.2001 )-32 "

. ( 2004 ) -33

. "(.2009) -34

. "(. 2011 ) -35

" .2011 ( 145) - -

"(.2007 ) -36 "

: (.1 )

)

(

/ 166

"(.2007 ) -37 : " (.1 )

(. 2002 )-38 .

(. 2005 ) -39 .1425 21-19

"(.2009 )-40 "

. "(. 2005 ) -41

. " . "(.2002 ) -42

" (.27 )

"( . 2002 ) -43 "

. ".(2010 )-44

. " 45-Braun: (2002) Training Needs Assessment: A must for developing an effective training

program 46-Cooper, J. M., et al., (1973). "Specifying Teacher competences". Journal of Teacher

Education. Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 17-20. 47-Coffy , M , Gibbs , G (2000) Can Academics benefit from Training ? Some Preliminary

evidence , Teaching in Higher Education , 3 (5) .

2016 19 -18 167

48-Greenfieldm J. 2000. Competency-based education: What, why and how?, Retrieved from www.asaenet.org.

49-Holmes, toddj. (1996). " Total quality management in higher education implementation within the Virgina community college system", Dissertation for the degree of Ph.D george

mason university. 50-John,A.,J.,(2003)."ICT and Future Teachers: are we Peraing For Learing ?,Paper

Presented at The IFIP Working Group 3.1 and 3.3Working Conference :ICT and The Teacher of The Future , University of Melbourne, Australia ,27-31 Jan.

51-Richey R.C. Dennes, F.C. & Foxon, M. (2001). Instructional design competencies: New York: The standards. Clearinghouse on iinformation & technology. Syracuse University,

Syracuse. 52-UNESCO. Review of Quality Assurance and Accreditation Systems in UNESCO member States, OECD / Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services: Managing the

Internationalization of Post Secondary Education, (3-4) November, Norway,2003 Advising.aspx-edu.sa/Academic/Pages/Academichttp://www.qu.-53

11/4/2016 -plan/2-advising-http://www.fagr.bu.edu.eg/fagr/index.php/academic-5448-55-10-30-10-2013-uncategorised/470

"(.2015/2016) .7-6

http://www.qu.edu.sa/Academic/Pages/Academic-Advising.aspxhttp://www.fagr.bu.edu.eg/fagr/index.php/academic-advising-plan/2-uncategorised/470-2013-10-30-10-55-48http://www.fagr.bu.edu.eg/fagr/index.php/academic-advising-plan/2-uncategorised/470-2013-10-30-10-55-48

)

(

/ 168

/

28000- -

.

.

.

:

:

2016 19 -18 169

.

.

.

.

: : : -1

( tecnno )

( logy )

. :

)

(

/ 170

.

: .

. : * . : * : *

.

. : -

) .1 .....(

- .2

-

.3

1

.20 2008 : 2

.8 1990 .542009 3

2016 19 -18 171

- :

.1)(

.

.-2

: ) (.- ) (.- ) (.-

. (: .01 )

.174 1998 1 1

)

(

/ 172

.-3

. :

:1

: 1

.100 2010

2016 19 -18 173

- .

.- -

. -

. -

. .- -

. :

.

.

. .

. .

.

)

(

/ 174

.

.1 :

: .

.

.

.

.

.2005 2003 - 1

http://www.un.org/arabic/conferences/wsis/fact6.ht

2016 19 -18 175

: . :

:-1

.

:-2

.

. :-3

.

: :

"

...

)

(

/ 176

. "

. 1 . Pedagogical tool

2 Teaching Learning

.

.

Informal education .

: :

. :

: -1

1 Mansell, R. & Wehn, U. Knowledge societies. Oxford university press. .(1998).p66.

2 Hawkins, R.J.(2001). Ten lessons for ICT and education in the developing world2001.p41.. http://unpan1.un.org/introdoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN008676.pdf

http://unpan1.un.org/introdoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN008676.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/introdoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN008676.pdf

2016 19 -18 177

.

: :- .- . - : (WorLD) -2

1997

. :(R.B.Kozma, 2003, 4)

. .

.

)

(

/ 178

. .

26 Pilot Project 1998 .

: (R.J.Howkins, 2001, 39-43)

. .

! 250 310 )

(.

. Gender

. : RESAFAD-TICE -3

1997 *RESAFAD-TICE

. : (J.Valrien, 2004, 604)

.

*RESAFAD TICE (rseau dappui francophone pour ladaptation et le dveloppement des technologies de linformation et de la

communication en ducation)

2016 19 -18 179

. . .

: 2003 . 6180 .Multimedia - 185 . . 15 .

:

.

. -

.

.

: :

.

)

(

/ 180

:-1 500 1994

: -

. .- -

. -2

: 1998

6227 7146

: -

. -

. -

.

2016 19 -18 181

:-3 1990 219 1998

1997 :

-

. -

. : -

.

. : .

.

:

)

(

/ 182

: - .

: - .

: - .

. :

:-

) .....( .1

. :-

power point

1 Perreaut, N. rle et impact des tic sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage au collgial.2003.en ligne.

2016 19 -18 183

. : -

:

.

.1 :

.

.

.

1 Poerhubert, B . Boulanger, R .un modle constructiviste d'intgration des tics, rapport de recherche parea .trois rivires, collge

flche.2001. en ligne.

)

(

/ 184

.

. :

: -

. -

. . - -

.

2016 19 -18 185

:

/ /

:

. :

:

)

(

/ 186

.

.

... Denison, Schultz, Becker

1776 " "

. :

. (

) .. ( )

2016 19 -18 187

.

. :

: -1 -2

: )(. -1 -2

)

(

/ 188

.

: -1 " : -2-1

" ". : 1 -2-2

.2"

" : : -2-3

.3"

: -3

. "

."

1 UNESCO, confrence mondiale sur lenseignement suprieure ,paris,dclaration mondial sur lenseignement suprieure

www.unesco.org9/10/1998,p1Au site web -sicle, vision et action 5 eporale 21 . 05 1999 04 05-99 24 2 3

.5958 2008

http://www.unesco.org/

2016 19 -18 189

" " : 1"

2" '' :

.''

: -4

)(

3

) ) (

)(

.3472005 1 .315 1968 2

3 . 361995

)

(

/ 190

( ) )

1909-1949 (

%87.5 . 12.5 %

Shultz %17 1949-1945 1914-1910

%83 6387 6303

. %70-36

:

- .

-

. -

.

: -5

.

2016 19 -18 191

. ) (

: : -5-1

(1)

1 .25 1997

)

(

/ 192

: -5-2 )

(

.

. : -5-3

.

.

2016 19 -18 193

: -5-4

) (

-6

61

.

"SPSS " :

: croubach Alpha

)

(

/ 194

Cronbachs alpha

Validity c

30 ,6750 0.821 . spss :

30 6750, Cronbach Alpha .1 0.6

-6-1 .

: (: 04 )

.

0,29 1,53 01 0.33 1.58 02 0.30 1.43 03 0.43 1.61 04 0.26 1.51 05 0.35 1.46 06 0.17 1.21 07

- 0.30 1.47 SPSS :

spss 1 .541 2008

2016 19 -18 195

( 04 ) 0.40 1.61 1.21

1.61 ) (

1.58 ) (

1.53 ) ( 1.51 )(

1.46 ) (

1.43 1.21

1.47

. :

06 : -1

: ( : 05 ) -2

49 12 1,80 0,40

.

01 80.3 19.7

40 21 1,65 0,47 02

)

(

/ 196

65.6 34.4

.

32 29 1,52 0,50 .

03 52.5 47.5

32 29 1,52 0,50

.

04 52.5 47.5

16 45 1,26 0,44 .

05 26.2 73.8

27 34 1,44 0,50

.

06 44.3 55.7

1,53 0,29 196 170

53.57 46.43 SPSS :

( 05 ) 0.54 1.80 1.26

5 01 6

04 03 1.65 02 1.80 06 1.52

1.26 05 1.44 0.29 1.53

.

2016 19 -18 197

: -3 ( : 06 )

1.44 0.50

27 34

.

01 44.3 55.7

1.67 0.47 41 20

.

02 67.2 32.8

1.63 0.48 39 22

.

03 63.9 36.1

1.58 0.33 107 76

58.47 41.53

SPSS : 1.67 02( 06 )

1.63 03

1.44 01 . 0.33 1.58

: -4 ( : 07 )

1.24 0.43

15 46

.

01 24.6 75.4

)

(

/ 198

1.54 0.50 33 28

.

02 54.1 45.9

1.51 0.50 31 30

.

03 50.8 49.2

1.43 0.30

79 104

43.17 56.83 SPSS :

1.54 02( 07 )

03 1.51

1.24 01 0.30 1.43

. : -5

( : 08 )

1.59 0.49 36 25

.

01 59 41

1.72 0.45 44 17

.

02 72.1 27.9

1.59 0.49 36 25

.

03 59 41

2016 19 -18 199

1.57 0.49 35 26

.

04 57.4 42.6

1.61 0.43 151 93

61.88 38.12

SPSS : 1.72 02( 08 )

04 1.59 03 01 1.57

0.43 1.61 .

: -6 ( : 09 )

36 25 1.59 0.49

.

01 59 41

25 36 1.40 0.49

.

02 41 59

26 35 1.42 0.49 .

03 42.6 57.4

39 22 1.63 0.48 :

.

04 63.9 36.1

51.63 48.37 126 118 1.51 0.26 SPSS :

)

(

/ 200

1.63 04( 09 )

03 1.59 01 02 1.42

1.51 1.40 . 0.26

: -7 04

( 10 )

. ( : 10 )

1.47 0.50

29 32

.

01 47.5 52.5

1.59 0.49 36 25

.

02 59 41

1.47 0.50

29 32

03

47.5 52.5

2016 19 -18 201

.

1.32 0.47

20 41

.

04 32.8 67.2

1.46 0.35

114 130

46.7 53.3 SPSS :

1.59 02( 10 ) 1.47 03 01

1.32 04 0.35 1.46

. : -8

06

( 11) .

( : 11 )

09 52 1.14 0.35

.

01 14.8 85.2

15 46 1.24 0.43 02

)

(

/ 202

24.6 75.4

.

23 38 1.37 0.488

.

03 37.7 62.3

00 61 1.00 0.00

.

04 00 100

21 40 1.34 0.47

.

05 34.4 65.6