RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Presented by:Andaya, Amelito Manuel

Blanco, Nanie Rose MarienRabacca, Guia Allyza Sheets, Lee Anne Mae

Torres, Marianne

Respiration

OXYGEN- one of the most important requirements of animals. CONSTANT & ABUNDANT SUPPLY Necessary for metabolic processes

CO2 – released as waste product

RESPIRATIONGaseous exchange that occurs between an organism and its

environment.

All respiratory processes involve diffusion of gases through moist and semi-permeable membranes to hasten respiration

Simple organisms Direct diffusion of gases in and out of their

integument

Larger more complex animals Presence of a system which functions mainly to

transport gases reciprocally between the cells and the external environment

Respiratory System

AQUATIC Animals• Gills that extract oxygen that is dissolved

in water

ARTHROPODS• Tracheal system

ARACHNIDS• Book lungs

VERTEBRATES• Lungs

Respiratory Systems of

different organisms

Amphibians

AMPHIBIANS• Pulmonary respiration – through the lungs• Cutaneous respiration – through the skin• Buccopharyngeal respiration – through the

mouth. An extensive network of blood vessels runs throughout the frog skin. O2

can pass through the membranous skin, thereby directly entering into the blood vessels.

Respiratory System of Amphibians: Anatomy

a. Esophagus openingb. Vomerine teeth1. Grove of the maxilla2. Maxillary teeth3. Internal nares4. Bulge of Eye ball5. Eustachian tube opening6. Jaw ridge7. Underside of the tongue8. Glottis9. Cut muscle and bone

Glottis Slit-like opening at the floor of the pharynx Cricoid cartilage and Arytenoid cartilage

Larynx Directly below the glottis Hollow cartilaginous structure

Bronchi Very short tubes that connects that larynx to the

lungs

Lungs Large, sac-like, thin-walled, elastic structures

Respiratory System of Amphibians: Anatomy

Frogs have Vocal Cords and Vocal Sacs. Differentiate the two Vocal cords: produces the sound Vocal sacs: amplifies the sound

How do frogs respire underwater? Through CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION: the oxygen present in the

water diffuses through the frog’s skin directly into the blood vessels

How are the skin and the lining of the mouth able to serve as organs of respiration in the frog? Skin: O2 from the air dissolves in the moist skin (see

CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION) Lining of the mouth: much like the skin but the movement of

the mouth-floor can facilitate the gas exchange

Guide Questions

Breathing in frogs is called positive pressure breathing. Describe this type of breathing. Valves in the nostrils close and the throat pouch pushes

upwards forcing the air into the lungs. As the frog raises the floor of it’s mouth, air is forced down the trachea

Differentiate positive pressure breathing from negative pressure breathing Positive: air is PUSHED down via PRESSURE pump Negative: air is PULLED down via SUCTION pump

What is the significance of a moist semi-permeable membrane in the respiratory process? The moist surface allows the O2 to dissolve from the air

The semi-permeable membrane allows the O2 to diffuse form the external to the internal environment

Guide Questions

Why are respiratory organs closely associated with the circulatory system? The circulatory system transports the gases that are acquired

and expelled through the respiratory system

Differentiate between external and internal respiration, and between inhalation and exhalation. External respiration: exchange of gases between the lungs of the

organism and the external environment Internal respiration: exchange of gases between the blood

vessels and the tissue cells (the gases then diffuse into or out of the cells)

Inhalation: diaphragm relaxes, lungs inflate, O2 is taken into the body

Exhalation: diaphragm contracts, lungs deflate, CO2 is expelled from the body

Guide Questions

References

Biology 22 General Zoology Laboratory Manual

Hallare, A.V. Student Handbook in General Zoology Part 2

www. Biology-resources.com/frogs.html

www.science.jrank.org/pages/5827/Respiration.html