ועדת אמוראי 2002.pdf

EKQGI[CGQ

FGGTEFNCIKR\FZVGBFFXKCGZK\GPTPEFZGVBCF

\NBCKC,\[S"D{2002

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INYZB[GQ:

M\CPKRGK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11=9

B.TCGE\FGGTEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15=13

C.V\IECZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24=16

INY[RK:ZKMGHFFPNXG\

.1YCKT\TNG\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\GBGVQTEMGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28=27

.2PYGZG\FPKPGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

.3FYXB\FPKPGQNYGVG\FIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

.4CIKZ\ZGVBCPTZM\FXKCGZK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40=31

.5\GMRKG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45=41

.6EVGSKF\I[CRG\CPTZM\FCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

.7PTPE,PCRFGBZDGQPIE[[NCK\FIGNKOFXKCGZK

7.1\KBDGEC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

7.2PCRFIJKC\K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50=48

7.3PTZLF\YKRFCC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

7.4FDCN\P[LFMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\GKIKEG\. . . . . . . . . .51=50

7.5PYXGTG\CPXGYF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

7.6PINYG\PGMZG\NF\PIG\,F\PIGKG\GPGPIKO. . . . . . . . . .52

.8FCJI\BKMG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54=53

.9ZVGBFXKCGZK\CYFKNF

9.1YKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56=55

9.2ZVGBFZB[GRK\CYFKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58=56

9.3ZVGBFPYXGTK\CYFKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

.10PCRFFTSYFG[MZFZGVBKOCPTZM\FXKCGZK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . .61=59

.11RKFGNSKMGRKOGZ[NRG\ZVGBK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

.12CIKRG\DPZBIKEG\GZK[GO\YGV\K[NZGVBKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

.13PIYZZVGBK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

.14PI[GCBZXK[NFZ[GPFFZVGBK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

INY[NK[K:R\GRKO,FDEZG\,PBVKKRKO,F\V\IGKG\CPDHZFZVGBFGCPYZKOPSGKPKOCF[GGBFCKRNBGPK\

B.R\GRKORCIZKON[RKO.2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70=69

C.FDEZG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73=71

D.P[YFCZKBG\PFFKCJFNBGPK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77=74

E.PBVKKRKOKKIGEKKO[NP[YFCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80=78

F.DGZPKOFP[VKTKOTNFFGXBFNCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84=81

G.FZVGBFFPGEZRK\GPTPEFZGVB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90=85

H.FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95=91

I.PTZM\FCZKBG\CVZSVYJKCFCKRNBGPK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97-96

J.FDGVKOFTKYZKKOFVGTNKOCP[YFCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100=98

K.IGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104=101

KB.ZP\FCZKBG\CK[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108=105

KC.P[BCKBRG[C[KZG\KFCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112-109

KD.PTZM\C\KFIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120=113

INYZCKTK:ZYT,GFSCZKONFPNXG\

.1YCKT\TNG\FSNFXKCGZKGBGVQTEMGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131=123

.2PYGZG\FPKPGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141=132

.3FYXB\FPKPGQNYGVG\FIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145=142

.4CIKZ\ZGVBCPTZM\FXKCGZK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171=146

.5\GMRKG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKO[NYGVG\FIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . .183=172

.6EVGSKF\I[CRG\CPTZM\FCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188=184

.7PTPE,PCRFGBZDGQPIE[[NCK\FIGNKOFXKCGZK

7.1\KBDGEC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197=189

7.2PCRFIJKC\K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203=198

7.3PTZLF\YKRFCC\KFIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206=204

7.4FDCN\P[LFMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\GKIKEG\. . . . . . . . . .208=207

7.5PYXGTG\CPXGYF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211=209

7.6PINYG\PGMZG\NF\PIG\,F\PIGKG\GPGPIKO. . . . . . . . . .214=212

.8FCJI\BKMG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218=215

9.1YKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224=219

9.2ZVGBFZB[GRK\CYFKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231=225

9.3ZVGBFPYXGTK\/KGTX\CYFKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236=232

.10PCRFFTSYFG[MZFZGVBKOCPTZM\FXKCGZK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . .250=237

.11RKFGNSKMGRKOGZ[NRG\PYXGTK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254=251

.12CIKRG\DPZBIKEG\GZK[GO\YGV\K[NZGVBKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257=255

.13PIYZZVGBK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261=258

.14PI[GCBZXK[NFZ[GPFFZVGBK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264=262

M\CPKRGK

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Prime Minister

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GFPNXG\CKGHP\BK[KOGDGZPKOBIZKO.

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CRGSUNSVZG\PYXGTK\TRVFPK[ZBNGPQFTGNO.

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ZNGGRJKRGSU,P\GL[KYGNKOFY[GZKONCZKBG\G.

4.1.4CK\FIGNKOKEGGINYGVFTNVRKK\G[NFIGNFGTNZK[GPGNJKVGNCCK\

FIGNKO.

4.1.5YGV\FIGNKO\GMNDOFKBNKKTWNPJGVNCECZINGVG\,CKKIGECFY[Z

NPXCGFZVGBK,BLC[GOVRKOBKRFZ[BK\NCJNB\CIKZ\FIGNFBG

P[VI\GCZGVB.

4.1.6TOCKXGTFJKVGNFPCGY[KTCKZGYGV\FIGNKOB\F\[NGONCK\FIGNKO

MVK[KKYCTCKRONCKQCK\FIGNKO.CMNPYZFDGCFF\[NGONBKKEGQBG

KKYCTCKQFPJGVNNCKQCK\FIGNKOBGNCKQFZGVBFPJVN.

)1(ICZKFGGTEFVZGV'B.K[ZBNK,VZGV'E.X'ZRKIGCSYKGVZGV'K.\PKZ.

4.2F\GZCCK\FIGNKOKGSEZMNFNQ:

4.2.1NMNZGVBFTGPEC\RBKOB[ZKVGZJGNFNQ)STKU4.2(\FKFFYXBF[N

\[\KG\ZVGBKG\)MDGQIEZKRK\GI(,NMNVTKNG\[KCXTCPSDZ\IC"Z.

"BIZKG\FTN"TNFVTKNGKG\F[GRG\,PCIKR\FYXB\F\[\KG\GFCYZF

FZVGBK\\FKF[NPRFNFPINYF,PRFNFIJKCFGPRFNCKF"IM[O

[FECZRT[FNDCKFVTKNG\FZDKNF.

4.2.2VTKNG\FIC"Z\GDCNTEZCTPVTKNG\FPINYF.K\Z\FVTKNG\\GYE[

NJKVGNCIGNKO[BKROCPSDZ\HG,NFGZBF,FM[Z\P\PIKO,PIYZGMG'.

4.2.3F\GZNZGVBGFYXB\FP[BCKOKGSEZGTNKEKCK\FIGNKOCF\BONMNNKO

KEGTKOGCZGZKO[KVGZSPGPZB[GKMNNGPEEKOFRK\RKONMKPG\GNCYZF

VRKPK\GXKCGZK\=IKXGRK\.

4.2.4\KBSZFYEP\\GZKOCPSDZ\IC"Z.PGYEYCKT\F\GZKOCMNCK\IGNKO

KFKFPZMHK{NNBFVZEF)VKHK\GPKI[GCK\(CKQIGNKIC"ZNCKQIGNKO

BIZKO.

4.2.5C[GOPYZF,NB\\CXTZVGBFEIGVFCPSDZ\IC"Z.IGNFB[ZKDKT

NCKF"ICBGVQEIGU,NP[NEZLIEZPKGQ,NBKGMNNCIGZCBG\GB[VGH

CPSDZ\IC"Z.TNCK\FIGNKOPGJN\FIGCFNEBGD[FZGVBFP\BKO

KJVNCG)ZBFDOSTKU4.2.7NFNQ(.

4.2.6CMNPYZF,PGTERK\GI[RYCTNIGNFB[ZCIZNFKG\PRG\ICPSDZ\

IC"Z,NBKFKFYGEONPGTE[FKFRYCTNGBKNGCIZNFKG\PRG\INNB

CIKZF.

4.2.7TNPRFNCK\FIGNKOPGJN\FIGCFNGGEBMKIGNF[IGPZ\PIN\G

PIKKC\RK\GIBGJKVGNBIZTNKEKZGVBCTNPKGPRGKG\PKGIEG\,KJGVNTN

KEKFZGVBFP\BKODOBONBCIZCPSDZ\IC"Z.PRFNCK\FIGNKOKFKF

BIZBKNGGEB[RK\GIKO,JKVGNKOGBCIGRKOPSGDMHFKCGXTGBLGZYTNVK

[KYGNKOZVGBKKO.F[KYGNFZVGBKFYNKRKKFKFF[KYGNFCNTEKNYCKT\

FXGZLCP\QJKVGNZVGBK,HFG\FPJVNGHPQP\QFJKVGN.

4.2.8KKBSZTNCK\FIGNKONKKTE[KZG\KB[VGHRVZEKO[CFOKGTRYGNPJGVNKO

[KZG\KSKTGERVZEKOGPGTEVKO\PGZ\\[NGO.NB\KR\QMNFTEVF

NPJGVNCPSDZ\IC"ZCPFNL\YGV\FB[VGHGCP[LFPTYCFZVGBK.

4.3PKPGQG\[NGPKOKCGXTGMNFNQ:

4.3.1PKPGQIC"ZCPTZM\FXKCGZK\KT[FCBPXTG\YGVG\FIGNKO.

4.3.2YKKPG\MPFBV[ZGKG\NPYGZNPKPGQ:

4.3.2.1F\YXKCFMNNK[NFPEKRF,

4.3.2.2G/BGCKJGIIGCFP\BKO,

4.3.2.3G/BGPKSGKFCKJGIFP[NKO.

ZGCFPXKTKOFXTFHGSCGZKOMKFPYGZFRMGQFGBF\YXKCFZDKN[N

FPEKRF.

4.3.3ZP\F\YXKCNIC"Z[\KYCT,\GCBNKEKCKJGKC\PIGZPIGE[GRMGQ[N

MNVTKNGKG\FB[VGHGFVTKNGKG\FBPCGNJGZKG\TNKFQK[NIC"ZF[VTF

MDGQPIKZKGOB[VGH,\TZKVKOEKVZRXKBNKOGTGE.

TEBH,MFGZB\[TF,KYCT\YXKCNIC"ZTNCSKSPKETYKKOFPXGKCKEK

YGVG\FIGNKO,ICZG\FCKJGIGC\KFIGNKO.

4.3.4\[NGOCDKQ[KZG\KIC"ZKFKFZYCKQYGV\FIGNKOGCK\FIGNKO.KKBSZTN

FZGVBKOFPGTSYKOCCK\IGNKOXKCGZKNEZG[BGNYCN\[NGOBGMN

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4.3.5BOIGV[FCIKZFCZGVBKKR\QNMNCPSDZ\F\YXKCFXKCGZKMVK[PGXT

CPSDZ\FIC"Z,BHKFSEZHFPKK\ZB\CIKZ\FZGVBCCKJGIKO

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PPNKXKONFGZKEPVZPKK\FCKJGIFP[NKOB\FPZMKC[NCIKZ\ZGVB.

4.4PTPEFZGVBGF\[NGONGKFKGMNFNQ:

4.4.1MNZGVBPGPIFFTGCECP[ZFPNBFCPTZM\FB[VGHFXKCGZK\KGMN

NFKG\"RCIZ"TNKEKFXKCGZ.

4.4.2ZGVBFTGCEC"PTZM\FXKCGZK\"GPXJZUNFSEZIC"Z,NBKTCGECMN

PTZM\BIZ\[BKRFPGDEZ\MXKCGZK\GKGTSYBLGZYCPSDZ\CFFGB

TGCE.FZGVBKFKFZ[BKNTCGECPSDZ\XKCGZK\BIZ\ZYCZ[G\CK\

FIGNKOCGFGBTGCE.

4.4.3FZGVBFPJVNCPSDZ\IC"ZKYCN\[NGOPCK\FIGNKOCNCEC\NG[

RVZE,CEGPFNPYGCNFKGOC"\BDKEKO".CYCKT\F\[NGOKKNYIGCI[CGQ:

4.4.3.1PSVZFVTGNG\[CGXTGCVGTNTNKEKFZGVBNVKCIKZ\FXKCGZ.

4.4.3.2ZP\FCKYG[NZGVB.MNGPZ,PRFNCK\FIGNKOKFKFZ[BKNYCGT

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4.4.4NZGVBFPJVNCPSDZ\IC"Z\FKKF\YZ\[MZCDGCF[NTEVK[[

P[MZGCCK\FIGNKO.C\YZF[MZHGKIG[CGFFMRSG\PMNSGDKFVTKNG\

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YKKP\BV[ZG\NFDCKNB\MPG\FZGVBKOFPGPIKOB[ZKG\ZNFONYCN

TEVK[[P[MZOCCK\FIGNKO,CF\BPFNBIGHKOFPVGZJKOC\YRGQ

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4.5CK\FIGNKOKBGZDQMNFNQ:

4.5.1CPSDZ\BZDGQC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOM\BDKEKO)ZBFFPNXF7.1(\CGJN

CFEZDFFFVZEFFYKKP\FKGOCKQPTZMG\/"\BDKEKO"/YZRG\PIYZ

NPKRKFQNCKQPTZM\FB[VGHCPKPGQXKCGZKNMNBG\FVTKNG\FY[GZF

NCIKZ\ZGVB.CKJGNFFVZEFK\CXT\GLYCKT\FSEZKOP\BKPKOGNNB

VDKTFCZGVBKO[TCEGCDGVKOBNFTEFVSY\VTKNG\O.

4.5.2RK\QNBPWCXGZFPGSEZ\,NJGC\FPTZM\FPGXT\,\YRG\ZNGGRJKG\

FPVGZJG\C\YRG\F"\BDKEKO"CTKYZCRG[BPTPEFZGVBGF\[NGONG.

4.5.3PTPEO[NC\KFIGNKOCKZG[NKOFPYKKPKO[Z"VMKGOKKYCT\GL\YGV\

PTCZ[N[NG[[RKO.C\KIGNKOBNFKVTNGC\YGV\PTCZHGMVK

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4.6CYZ\FPTZM\\FKFMNFNQ:

4.6.1P[ZEFCZKBG\KPRFDGUPVYI[\VYKEGKFKFNCYZB\VTKNG\IC"Z

GNVYITNKF.PGPNWNFYKOGTEFCZB[G\BK[KG\XKCGZK\GCF[\\VG\

BR[KPYXGTP\IGPKFZVGBF,FMNMNF,FI[CGRBG\GFP[VJKO.

4.6.2TNVKFRIKG\DGUHF,KMKQMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,NZCG\C\K"ICKZG[NKO

CFOP\YKKO[Z"V,EG"I\YGV\KPVGZJMN[NG[FIGE[KOGEG"I[R\K

TNMNVTKNG\IC"Z[CGXTFCPSDZ\G.FEG"IKMNGN,CKQF[BZ,R\GRKO

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FXKCGZK\,[N[RKFOBG\FBCIRF,CRG[BKOFCBKO:HPRKFP\RFNRK\GIKO;

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4.6.3CPYZF[FPPXBKOKGMKIGMK\RBKFFSEZNBPGNBG,\FKFNDGUFPVYI

SPMG\NCJNB\FFZ[BF[RK\RFNFVTN\IC"ZBGNF\NG\B\FP[L

FKK[GONCK\IGNKO,NPINYFBGNZGVBPSGKON\YGVF[\KYCT.BO

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4.6.4VTKNG\FIC"Z\KCIQPIE[MTCGZ[NG[[RKO.

4.7CIKZ\ZGVB[NBCPKPGQFYGVG\:

4.7.1MN\G[CKFKFZ[BKNZMG[DOCKJGIPSIZK,[NBCBPXTG\YGVG\

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4.7.2MN\G[CKFKFZ[BKN[NODOC\[NGOK[KZPMKSGTCGZMNJKVGNMIGY

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4.7.3CIKZ\ZGVBCBPXTG\CKJGIPSIZKBGCBPXTG\\[NGOK[KZNB

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4.7.4C\KFIGNKOCKZG[NKOKP[KMGCFSEZFYKKOFKGO)ZBFSTKU4.5.3NTKN(.

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FZK[GKGFVKYGITNC\KIGNKOBNFKFKGCBIZKG\P[ZEFCZKBG\.

NXGZLHF,KGYPGCXPKEG\NC\KFIGNKOFRCIZKO)C\KIGNKOPP[N\KKO/TKZGRKKO

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4.2C\KFIGNKOFVZJKKO[KGZ[GNTSGYC[Z"VKVTNGCPSDZ\ICZG\TSYKG\=V-

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ZVGBKGMNNKGMKG"C,KCGXTGPPYGZG\PKPGQVZJKKOCNCE.

4.3KKBSZTNDGVKOXKCGZKKO,GCMNNOC\KFIGNKOFMNNKKOFXKCGZKKOGYGVG\FIGNKO

NFKG\CTNKPRKG\BG[G\VKOCICZG\BNG.BKSGZHFKIGNDOTNMNFZGVBKO

FPGTSYKOCPTZM\FCZKBG\FXKCGZK\.

4.4CC\KIGNKOEGDP\C\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOFMNNKKOCKZG[NKO,[CFOYKKOMKGO

FSEZ[N[KZG\ZVGBKVZJKRK\QKFKFNFP[KLB\FFSEZKOFYKKPKO,GHB\

CF\I[CCPTPEOFP[VJKF[GRFPC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOFMNNKKO[NFPEKRF

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4.5KGZ[GNTSGYC[Z"VMNZGVBKC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOFMNNKKOPZP\PGPIF

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B\BK[GZFRFN\CK\FIGNKO,GC\RBK[FOPGTSYKOCP[ZFPNBFCCK\FIGNKO

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4.6ZGVB[CIZNFKMNNCFSEZF[Z"V,K\IKKCNCXTVTKNG\HGBLGZYCKGOFIGV[K

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4.7F[MZTCGZFTRY\[KZG\KF[Z"VK[GNONZGVBTNKEKCK\FIGNKOFVZJKCNCE,

GKKBSZTNKGNYCN\[NGOMN[FGK[KZG\PFPJGVN.

4.8JGVS17{KFGGFINYPF\[NGONCK\FIGNKOFVZJK.K\Z\F\[NGO\CGXTTN

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5.1VGNKSG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKOK\GYRGGKRGSIGCBGVQ[KFKFPGCQNXKCGZFZIC.

5.2VGNKSG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKOKFKGR\GRG\NVKYGIFPVYITNFCKJGICP[ZE

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5.3MN[KRGKBGTEMGQC\RBKFVGNKSFKGCBBI\N[RFNKEKT\FPCGJIKO.

5.4VGNKSG\FCKJGIFP[NKOKMNNGPKPGQHMG\NCIKZ\ZGVBCMNC\KFIGNKO

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5.2CKJGIFIGCFK[P[NPKPGQ"[KZG\KZVGBFPGTEVKO")[Z"P(C\IGPKZVGBFBG

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5.3[Z"PKKR\RGCPSVZPGDEZ[N"SNKOPGTEVKO",MT[ZFCPSVZ,B[ZKGTPEG

NCIKZ\FXKCGZTNKEKYGVG\FIGNKOGICZG\FCKJGI.

5.4\G[CKGMNNCIGZ"SNKOPGTEVKO",NNB\NG\CYGV\FIGNKOCFCIZNXGZL

FSVY\FSNFCSKSKBGNFSVY\SNPGTEUPSGKO.

5.5NXECKJGIFIGCFKFKGCKJGIKCZKBG\GGNGRJBZKKO[KKR\RGTNKEKPCJIKOPSIZKKO

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5.5.1CKJGI[KZG\KOGPGXZKO[BKROMNGNKOCPSDZ\FSNFCSKSKG[Z"PMVK

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5.5.2CKJGISNKOPGDEZKOPIGWNYGVG\FIGNKO,CVKYGIFPPGRFTNFCKJGI.

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5.6P[ZEFCZKBG\,C[K\GUP[ZEKFBGXZGFTCGEFGFZGGIF,KDEKZB\\IGPKFZVGBF

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5.7MNYGVFBGICZ\CKJGI\XKT[Z"PCSNKOPGTEVKO[KMNNG[KZG\KO)NZCG\

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5.8MNYGVFBGPCJIKFKGIKKCKONFCJKI[\G[CPCGJINTRKKQ[KZG\KFIGCF

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5.10PP[NFNB\TCKZC[GOPYZF[KZG\KOPFSNFCSKSKN[Z"P.

5.11FHMBG\FXKCGZK\C"SNFCSKSK"\GZICZYTNKEKFTCZ\[KZG\KO)NBJMRGNGDKG\

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5.12CKJGIKOGGNGRJZKKOP[NKPKONSNCCKJGIIGCFB[ZFGZMCTNKEKYGV\FIGNKO,

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5.13EPKCKJGIFIGCF{NPTJVZPKFTCGZCIKZ\ZGVBBO\FKFMHG{KKYCTG

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5.14EPKFCKJGIF[GRKOKTGEMRGCF\BONPEEFPIKZKO[KYCTMPVGZJCFPNXF.1.1

5.15FPP[NFNB\TNFB\EPKCKJGIFIGCFNVRK[\DEKNB\FPYGZG\FBIZKO

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5.16FPP[NF\[NOB\EPKFCKJGICDKQFHMBKONFCJI\FMRSF,NVKFSEZTO

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5.17EPKFCKJGIKOFP[NKPKOFPSIZKKOKKYCTGTNKEKFPP[NF,CVKYGIFPPGRFTN

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5.18CF\BONBGVQDKGSFMSVKOGFYXB\OGPKE\IGV[FCIKZF[RK\QN\\NXKCGZ

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TRKKROCML.

5.22SVY[KZG\CSNPGTEUFPSVY[KZG\KOPGTEVKONBG\GPCGJIGCRKCK\GCDKQ

CKJGIFIGCFGDOCDKQCKJGIPSIZKGGNGRJBZK,NP[NZGVB[KRKKOFP[Z\KNEKO

CPSDZ\FZB[GRFGFGZKOCPSDZ\F[RKKF,K\I[CQZYTODGZOBIE,FYGVFBG

FPCJI,B[ZK\I[CRGNBIZPMQCKRO.

FPNXFPSVZ6

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XKCGZK\,GICZKFKFKGBR[KPYXGTP\IGPKFZVGBF,FMNMNF,FI[CGRBG\

GFP[VJKO.

\VYKEFZ[G\KFKFNEBGDN\PIGZZKBNK[N\TZKVKC\KFIGNKOGPZVBG\FIGW,

NYCGTB\BGVKFF\Y[ZG\GB\EVGSKFF\Y[ZG\CKQFDGZPKOF[GRKOFVTKNKO

CPTZM\FCZKBG\GN[P[DODGZOPVYIGPGGS\.

\VYKEKFZ[G\FPYXGTK\KFKG,CKQF[BZ:

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9.3.3(.

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DKSB)CMNNHF\KCIQDO[KJ\F=Capping(P\GLPDPFNFDCZ\FKTKNG\.

&NTGEEF\Y[ZGKG\[KG[\\GTNFSMPKOBZGMKJGGIG[KKXZGHKYFCKQ\[GPG\

N\VGYG\.

&FZ[G\\KYCTMNNKONDCKBGVKFF\Y[ZG\GEVGSKF.

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7.1\KBDGEC\KFIGNKO

7.1.1C\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGC\KFIGNKO[N[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\KGTCZG

NPTPE[N\BDKEKOTXPBKKO[NBNPJZG\ZGGI.

7.1.2\BDKEKFCZKBG\FYKKPKO)"YZRG\FPIYZ"(K[GNCGCC\KFIGNKO

FPP[N\KKO,[KFKGCPTPE[N\BDKEKOTXPBKKO,MBPGZNTKN.

7.1.3MEKNPRGTTKMGCKOCFNKLF\KBDGE,PGPNW[C[NCPYEKOKGTCZGC\K

FIGNKOFPP[N\KKONPTPE[NICZG\PP[N\KG\.

7.1.4KGYOPRDRGQCN\K\NGKNPKRGKEKZYJGZKOCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO.BV[Z

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NIGYZ[G\FICZG\FPP[N\KG\";

7.1.5PSVZICZKFEKZYJGZKGQCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGCC\KFIGNKO[N

"[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\"NBKTNFTN7,GKFKFCGZGCNRXKDKXKCGZ.KG"Z

FEKZYJGZKGQKPGRFPYZCRXKDKFXKCGZ.

7.1.6PKENBIZVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF\PRFFPP[NFDGUPGCKN,[KGZMC

PRXKDKFPP[NFGPRXKDK[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\.FDGUFPGCKNKZMHB\FNKL

F\KBDGE,KRFNBG\G,KVYITNKGGKNGGFBG\GNVIG\CIP[[RG\FFVTNF

FZB[GRG\.C\IGPKBIZKG\GKKMNNGFMR\NGIHPRKOPVGZJNMN[NCK

FCKXGT,P[BGP\QTOBZDGRKFTGCEKOGYCKT\FSEZKOTPO,FXPE\

XGG\KSKGTBZDGRKKOGMNMNKKONMN\BDKEGFVTN\Z[\CKJIGQCPKE\

FXGZL.

7.1.7KGDEZGKISKFDGPNKQCKQP[ZEFCZKBG\N\BDKEKOFPP[N\KKOGCKQ"[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\",N\BDKEKF.MPGMQKGDEZGFKISKOCKQP[ZEFCZKBG\

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7.1.8F\BDKENBKFKFFCTNKO[NFREN"Q.FOKTPEGNZ[G\GN\VTGN,N\IHGYF

GNVK\GIBGNONBNPKPG[,GFMGNNVKFMNNKO[KYCTFDGUFPGCKN.

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)F\IKKCGKG\,HMGKG\TGCEKOGMKG"C(.

7.2PCRFIJKC\K

7.2.1MNC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO[CFOKG\ZP=500PKJG\KTCZGNPCRFIJKC\K.

7.2.2CIJKCFKFKGPINYG\,PMGRKO,[KZG\KOGKIKEG\[NCK\FIGNKO,

GFYZKJZKGRKOGSGDKFIJKCG\KKYCTGC\IGOFSVXKVK,MDGQ:VRKPK\,

MKZGZDK\,KNEKO,R[KOGPKKNEG\,EKPG\GMKG"C,NVKXGZMKCK\FIGNKO

GPBVKKRKG.

7.2.3CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,MGNNC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500PKJG\,\GYO

IJKC\SKTGEGPYXGTG\VZB=ZVGBKKO.IJKCFHG\FKFPGVYE\TN\IGPK

FSKTGE,TNFVKHKG\ZVKF,TNFZKVGKCTKSGY,TNF[KZG\FSGXKBNKGTN

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7.2.4CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,GDOCC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500PKJG\,\GYO

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7.2.5PSVZFIJKCG\[KGYPGKG\RFCPSVZFPKJG\CMNCK\IGNKOCF\BO

NVKZGJFCB:

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701=10005=6

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7.2.7PRFNCK\FIGNKOGPRFNKFIJKCG\KFKGXGG\FRKFGNFCMKZ[NCK\

FIGNKO.

7.2.8CMNCK\IGNKOK[P[BIEPPRFNKFIJKCG\PPNBPYGO[NPRFNCK\

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7.2.9SPMGKG\PRFNFIJKCFFZVGBK\GBIZKG\GKMNNGB\BKMG\FJKVGN,B\

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)2()1(ZBFFS\KKDG\TPGE.201

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[IGPZ\PIN\GPIKKC\JKVGNTNKEKZGVBCTNPKGPRGKG\PKGIEG\,KJGVN

TNKEKFZGVBFP\BKO.

7.2.10PRFNFIJKCFKKCIZCPMZHNVKFRFNKOFPYGCNKONCIKZ\SDQPRFNCK\

IGNKOCMNBIEPQFBZDGRKOBGPQFPGSEG\FZVGBKKO.

7.2.11PRFNKFPINYG\,PRFNKFKIKEG\GPRFNKFPMGRKO{NPZG\[KFKG

CPSDZ\FIJKC\K\,KGSKVGNFKG\BIZBKKONBSVYJKOFPYXGTKKO[N

FVGRYXKG\[CRKFGNO.

7.2.12NPRFNFIJKCF\GTRYSPMG\NRKKETE%20PSL\YRKMGIFBEO[N

FIJKCFCKQZMKCKFIJKCF,NVKFXZMKOGNVKSEZFTEKVGKG\[KKYCT.

7.2.13N\VYKEPRFNIJKCFZVGBK\KKCIZZYZGVBCTNMK[GZKORKFGNKKO

GPYXGTKKOPGMIKO,CTNRKSKGQ[NIP[[RKONVIG\MPRFNPINYF/

KIKEFPYXGTK\/PMGQBGSDQPRFNPINYFCMKZFTGPEC\RBKOBNF.

7.2.14P[Z\PRFNFIJKCF\FKFNIP[[RKO.TO\GOFYERXKFKKTZLPMZH

NP[ZF.FPRFNFKGXBKFKFZ[BKND[\NPMZHCPTPE[GGFNPGTPEKO

BIZKO.

7.2.15PRFNCK\FIGNKOKFKFZ[BKNFBZKLB\MFGR\GFZB[GRF[NPRFN

FIJKCFN[R\KKORGSVG\CNKPMZH.CPYZFMHFNBKGMNPRFNFIJKCF

NFXKDB\PGTPEG\GNYERXKFRGSV\PTCZN[CT[RKO.

7.2.16PRFNIJKCFKFKFHMBKN\GSV\[MZ[YNK\)"\GSV\RKFGNIJKCF"(

[\FKFVRSKGRK\.ZP\F\KYCTCPSDZ\FFSMOCKQFPTSKYKOGFZ"K,GFKB

NB\[P[CSKSNZMKCKF[MZFBIZKO.CPYZF[NIKNGYKETG\CKQFXEEKO

NDCKDGCFF\GSV\,FFMZTF\GTCZNCGZZMVK[RYCTCFSMOFYKCGXK.

7.2.17PRFNIJKCF[SKKO\YGV\MFGRFBI\,KK[PZGNG\RBKFFTSYF[FKGNG

TZCPKRGKGN\VYKEHF,GCRGSUKFKFHMBKNFP[KLGNYCNB\\GSV\FRKFGN

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PRFNIJKCF)3(

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7.2.18PGPNWNXEEKONCIGQB\FBV[ZG\NFTSKYB\PRFNKFIJKCG\CPSDZ\

[NIGHKOBK[KKOPNBKOBGPGDCNKO,N\YGVF[CFFOPPNBKOB\

F\VYKE.

7.3PTZLF\YKRFCC\KFIGNKO

7.3.1KCGJNGCFEZDFFSMPKF\YKRFFPG[\\KOTNPSVZFPKJG\,GCPYCKN

KKYCTGPIE[FMNNKONP\QFMZFNPINYG\F\PIG\)ZBFSTKU7.6.1(.

7.3.2\GTRYSPMG\PKKEK\NFRFNG\C\KFIGNKONRKKECKQFIJKCG\TE%10

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7.3.3C\GL[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF\KTZLCEKYFPYXGTK\[NPTZL

F\YKRFCC\KIGNKOXKCGZKKO[KKCIZGMPKKXDKO.FCEKYF\\CXTTNKEK

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7.3.4\GL[RFP\GOFCEKYFFPYXGTK\KKG[PG\GXBG\KFCC\KFIGNKO[KKCIZG

MPKKXDKONBIZFKGGTXG\TOBZDGRKFTGCEKOFRGDTKOCECZ.

7.3.5\GXBG\FKK[GOCC\KFIGNKOFPKKXDKOGFNYIKO[KGVYGP\YGV\FRKSKGQ

KTGCEGNPTZL\YKRFINGVK,[KGZICNMNNC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO.

7.3.6PTZLF\YKRFFIE[,MGNNEZMKTEMGRG,KKYCTCF\BONBGVKFXZMKO

CZPFFNBGPK\MVK[KGDEZGPT\NT\,GCF\BON[KRGKKO[KIGNGC\PFKN

FPJGVNKO,CJMRGNGDKG\IE[G\,CVZGXEGZG\ZVGBKG\GMKG"C.

7.3.7CIEZPKGQK[GCXGC\GZRGKG\VTKNG\ZGVBKOCMKZKO.\GZRGKG\VTKNG\MBNF

KFKGCDEZIGCFNPGPIKOTEDKN[KKYCTCKQFXEEKO)FPTSKYKOGFZ"K(.

FZGVBKOFCMKZKO[K[GCXGCPSDZ\HGKFKGPGPIKOCPYXGTG\FPKGQ

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PPYXGTG\=FTN,[K[GCXGBUFOCPSDZ\HG.

7.4FDCN\P[LFMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\GKIKEG\

7.4.1PKRGKPRFNPINYF/KIKEFKKYCTCPMZHGKG\RFCI\KPFTNIGHFFTSYF

CPSDZ\BI\CNCE.

7.4.2\GDCNFMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\/KIKEG\CCK\IGNKONYERXKF[NTE5

[RKOTOBV[ZG\NFBZMFN=5[RKORGSVG\TNKEKFFRFNF.

7.4.3PRFNPINYF/KIKEF,[SKKO\YGV\MFGRFBI\GKFKFPTGRKKQNFK[BZ

CPTZM\,KK[PZGNG\RBKF[MZMVK[FKGTZCPKRGKGNPRFNPINYF/KIKEF.

7.4.4PRFNPINYF/KIKEF,[SKKO[\K\YGVG\MFGRFPNBG\,KK[PZGNG\RBK

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7.5PYXGTG\CPXGYF

7.5.1KPGRFVGZGOYCGTCZB[G\P[ZEFCZKBG\GCF[\\VG\P[ZEFBGXZ

GFPGTXFFPETK\[NFZ"K.FVGZGOKDEKZPEEKOBGCKKYJKCKKONCIKR\

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7.5.2MEK[FVGZGOKGMNNYCNFINJG\TNCSKSFPEEKO[RYCTG,PGPNW[\GL

IXK[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEFKGTCZGBNKGR\GRKOPTGEMRKOPQ

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7.5.3FPYXGTG\,[TNCSKSFPEEKO[KKYCTGKGDEZGPT\NT\TNKEKFVGZGO

MPYXGTG\CPXGYF,KVGZSPGCZCKO,KKCIRG{MGNNFSKCG\[DZPG

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CPXC.FJKVGNCMNPYXGTKFKFCF\BONPBVKKRKGFSVXKVKKO)ZBF

FPNXF7.5.1G=10.1STKU{I'(.\GMRK\FF\TZCG\\FKFZDK[F

N[KRGKKO[K\V\IG,G\MNGNBV[ZG\NFVSKYBGN[RG\B\F\KPZGWBO

KIGNG[KRGKKOCPYXGT[FGDEZ.

7.5.4FPTYCBIZFKK[GOGBIZFVY\FNYIKOKCGXTTNKEKFVGZGOGKVGZSO

CZCKO.

7.5.5FGGTEFF\Z[PF[PYXGTG\"MKZGZDKFMNNK\","VRKPK\","VDKG\"

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)1(ZBFFS\KKDG\TP'.207

7.6PINYG\PGMZG\NF\PIG\,F\PIGKG\GPGPIKO

7.6.1P[ZEFCZKBG\GFPGTXFFPETK\[NFZ"KKYCTGC\GL[RFPKGOVZSGO

FPNXG\FGGTEF,RGSIFIE[FNFMZFCPINYFNXGZLP\QF\PIG\.

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7.6.3P[ZEFCZKBG\C\KBGOTOFPGTXFFPETK\[NFZ"KKCIQB\P[LHPQ

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7.6.4P[ZEFCZKBG\C[K\GUFRFNG\C\KFIGNKOKYKOPTZLBZDGRK,[KKXGZ

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8.5P[ZEFCZKBG\KGGEBFP[LCKXGT[NSYZK[CKTG\ZXGQ\YGV\KKO,CKQCTXPGGCKQ

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8.6TNVKSEZYEKPGKG\[KKYCT,KKHGOP[ZEFCZKBG\SYZKOP[GGKONCYZ\BKMG\

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9.1.1P[ZEFCZKBG\KYCTC\GL[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEFSJREZJ

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MQK[NZBG\CC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOFMNNKKOB\FKXZQFZB[KC\IGPO,[MQFOBNF

FP[P[KOMHZGTFZB[K\[NFZVGBFFXKCGZK\,ZVGB\FIKZGO,FM[Z\EGZTGCEK

FZVGBFFT\KEKGFPIYZFZVGBK.

FTKYZGQ[XZKLNFRIG\B\YGCTKFPEKRKG\FGB{[CKTG\ZXGQ[NPZCK\FBGMNGSKKF,

\GLPKPG[FHMG\FCSKSK\[NMNVZJN[GGKGQPZCKGHB\RK\QKFKFNF[KDZYTO

PTZM\CZKBG\XKCGZK\KXKCF.

E.PBVKKRKOKKIGEKKO[NP[YFCZKBG\)M[NK[GYGBIZKO(

TRUFCZKBG\P\BVKKQCPSVZ\GVTG\PCRKG\GCM[NK[GY,FPCEKNKOGFPKKIEKOBG\G

PPDHZKOBIZKO.KKIGEKG\HGP\CJB\CF\RFDG\F[IYRKOFPZMHKKOCPTZM\,[FRF

[GRFPFG\K\PF\RFDG\FRI[C\NPYGCN\CYZCXZMRKOGSVYKOCSCKCF[N\IZG\

IGV[K\:NDGZPKFKKXGZCTRUK[F[VTFFQTNZP\FCKYG[KOGFQTNBGVQRK\GCO{

Induced demand.

PTZMG\CZKBG\CTGNOMGNGFQPTZMG\PGZMCG\GPSGCMG\,FPBGVKKRG\CRJKKFNXPKIF

CN\KPCGYZ\,CM[NK[GYFRGCTKOPPBVKKRKOKKIGEKKO[NPDHZFCZKBG\CTKYZ

C\IGPKFKET,FPKETGC[NPFG\KG\RG[BFCZKBG\CIKKFXKCGZ.M[N[GYPGDEZ

MPXC[CGPBVKKRKO[GRKO[NFXZMRKO,FSVYKOBGFPGXZKO,DGZPKOBGT[GKKO

NDZGONVTKNG\BGN\VYGEFRGDEKOB\MNNKF[GYFPYGCNKO.

NRGMIFBKNGXKOGFCTKG\FPGCRG\CP[YFCZKBG\,RK\QNZBG\CPBPXKFF\PGEEG\BG

CV\ZGRG\FPGXTKOB\F"ZTCPKTGJG",BGNK\ZEKGYCCKJGKFNGTHK{Second Best.

B.Y[KIG\FCKYG[

BIEFPBVKKRKOFKKIGEKKONPDHZFCZKBG\FGBY[KIG\FCKYG[N[KZG\FZVGBK.MB[Z

BEOPGXBB\TXPGCPXCCZKBG\KPSGMQ,FGBKFKFPGMQNCXTMNVTKNG\,GMPGCQ{

N[NOMPTJMNPIKZMEKNRSG\GN[VZB\PXCG.CPYZKOZCKO,MB[ZBEORPXB

CPXGYF/IZEF,FINJG\KGBKRQ[YGNG\GZXKGRNKG\MPGCPFNL\VYGEGFZDKN.

Y[KIG\FCKYG[N[KZG\KCZKBG\KIETOF\V\IG\\GVT\FXZMRG\FRCGRF

GF\GCTRK\,F=Consumerism,DZPGN\GSV\[KZG\KOZVGBKKO,MGNNEZK[FNFIEZ\

JMRGNGDKG\G\ZGVG\IE[G\FPZIKCG\CPYZKOZCKOB\BV[ZGKG\FJKVGN.

C.BKRVGZPXKFB=SKPJZK\

C[GY[KZG\KFCZKBG\YKKOCEZLMNNVTZDEGNCPKETCKQSVYF[KZG\)CEZLMNN

FZGVB(NCKQFXZMQ.VTZFPKETC\IGOFCZKBG\DEGNKG\ZCBGVQPGCFYPMN\IGO

BIZ[NBSVY\[KZG\KOBGPGXZKO.CZGCFPMZKT[NFPYZKOBKQNXZMQMNKON[YGN

BGNFTZKLB\\VYGEG[NFZGVB,GBKQNGDOKMGN\NFTZKLB\F\GTN\[NFJKVGN

[YKCNBG[FGXTNGN[KVGZCZKBG\G.

TNZYTFCKYG[FY[KIGFI[[[CBK=PKNGKFGZBG\FZGVB,P\TXP\KMGN\G[NFZGVB

NF[VKTTNPFG\[KZG\KFCZKBG\[FPJGVNXGZLGTNFKYVO.

FCTKFP\IHY\MB[ZYKKO[GYCKJGIK,[MQFPCGJIBKRGTZGBGNKBEK[NTNG\

FJKVGNFPGXTNG,GBHTNGNFNF\ZI[\GVT\F=``Moral Hazard'')SKMGQPGSZK(.

TXOYKGPG[NCKJGIRZICN[KZG\KCZKBG\PSKZ,NVIG\INYK\,B\FZSQPFZXGQ

NISGLCFGXBG\.FGBKNGXE[NK[K,FPCJI,FGBFRG[BCFGXBG\{BKQNIGNKOGBUNB

NZGVBKO\PZKWNFKPRTPNRXNCPNGBQB\FBV[ZGKG\NCXTBCIGRKOGJKVGNKONNB

F\I[CG\CTNGKG\KFO{\GVTFFPYCN\IKHGYNBGZF\V\IG\F=``Consumerism''

N[KZG\KCZKBG\.FCTKFKMGNFNFIZKUMB[ZF[KZG\PCGSSTNTYZGQFee for Service.

MB[ZYKKO\[NGOTCGZYCN\[KZG\)KKTGW,RK\GI,GME'(,RGXZ\PZKWFQNCK\FIGNKO

GFQNZGVBNKKXZVTGNG\PKG\ZG\BGPGDHPG\{Supplier Induced Demand.FDHPF

CJKVGNKOKMGNFNRCGTPFZXGQNFKJKCTOFIGNF,BGNPJZG\FDR\KG\[NFPJVN,BG

PSKCG\[NSYZRG\PYXGTK\.CPYZKOZCKOVTZFPKETYKKODOCKQSVYF[KZG\NCKQ

YGVG\FIGNKO{FKMGN\[NYGVG\FIGNKON[NGJCSGDFJKVGNFZVGBK[FPCGJI

PYCNGCFKYVGFKBPGDCN\.

D.FCKYG[N[KZG\KCZKBG\NTGP\ZP\FCZKBG\

C[BKV\GNZPFCZKBG\K\SCKZF,BKQCKMGN\G[NFXZMQNYCGTB\MPG\[KZG\K

FCZKBG\[TNKGNZMG[,GFGB\NGKCFINJG\PYXGTKG\[NSVYKF[KZG\.CVGTN

YKKP\BKGEBG\CKISNY[Z[CKQBSVY\[KZG\KCZKBG\NCKQZP\FCZKBG\.KIETO

HB\YKKOK\ZGQPGCRFNSVYF[KZG\CB[ZNFINJFTNSGDFJKVGNFZXGK.NTGNONB

\FBGEBG\PG[NP\CRGDTNJKVGNFBGVJKPNK[RK\QNKKISNPYZFZVGBKSVXKVK.

K\ZFPHG,NTGNONB\FBGEBG\PG[NP\CB[ZNBVYJKCKG\FKISK\[NFJKVGN

FSVXKVK[RCIZ.

E.Cream Skimming)"DZKV\[PR\"(

F\GVTFPFGGFRKSKGQNPHTZRHYKOCBPXTG\"SNYXKF[NSKMGRKO"{FKPRTG\

PMRKSFN\IGPKO[BKROZGGIKKOBGY[KOGPSGCMKO:

.CZKZ\F[KZG\KOGFJKVGNKOFP[\NPKOCKG\Z,\GLFRFD\EVGSK[KZG\

GJKVGNFPMGGRKONPYSOB\FZGGI.

.FTEV\YCGXG\BGMNGSKKFPSGKPG\TNVRKYCGXG\BGMNGSKKFBIZG\

P[KYGNKOMNMNKKOCBPXTG\YCKT\PDCNG\TNZMK[\F[KZG\/PGXZ.

FSYJGZFVZJK,FPGRTCTKYZP[KYGNKZGGI,RGJFNCZGZB\F[KZG\KO/JKVGNKO

FP[\NPKOCKG\Z,MGNNEVGSKP\QF[KZG\.FPDHZFTSYKPMGGQNR\CB\TKYZ

VTKNG\GN[KZG\KO,NFNKMKOGNJMRGNGDKG\ZGGIKKO,GMRZBFKP[KLMLDOCT\KE.

C\IGOFCKJGIF\GVTFP\BV[Z\CDNNFKMGN\[NFPCJINFTZKLTNSPLPSVZ

P[\RKOMDGQDKN,PXCMNMNK,F[MNFGMKG"CB\FFS\CZG\N[MKIG\O[NBKZGTKO

ZVGBKKOCYCGXG\BGMNGSKKF[GRG\,GCF\BONFTZKLB\FSKMGRKO.

F.Adverse Selection)"CIKZF[NKNK\"(

F\GVTFRGCT\PFTGCEFMKTRU[KZG\KFCZKBG\PBGVKKQCYKGPQ[NZPG\[GRG\[N

BKRVGZPXKFB=SKPJZK\.CPYZKOZCKOZGM[FCKJGIKGETTNPXCCZKBG\GKG\ZPB[Z

FDGZOFPCJI.F\GXBFFKB[EGGYBFBEO[FPCJIVIG\PTGRKKQCG)PBIZ[FSKMGQ

[NGDCGFCBGVQKISK(,EGGYBFGBPTGRKKQNZMG[B\FCKJGI.

G.M[NKPP[NF{"SKMGQPGSZKICZ\K"

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)GCPYZKOPSGKPKOVGVGNKSJK(NFZICFVZPRRJK\[N[KZG\KO.

H.PGXZXKCGZK

BIEFVZPJZKOFP[VKTTNCZKBG\G[NFBEOFGBPXCFCZKBG\[NFXKCGZCSCKC\G.

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CZKBG\,T\KEFNININDONYCGXG\CZKBG\KG\ZCBPXTG\PING\PECYG\,NP[N.

\GVTFHGPGTXP\CPYZKO[CFOKTEKUBEONFKPRTPXZKMF[NPGXZKOBG[KZG\KO

[GRKO,FGBKNGFGBPBPKQ[KGMNNKFRG\PZMK[F[KCXTGFBR[KOSCKCG.

F\RFDG\PSGDHFP\YKKP\CEZLMNNMB[ZFPGXZFGB"PGXZXKCGZK"{PGXZB[Z

F[KPG[CGT"KBIEBKRGPDCKNB\[KPG[KFO[NFBIZKO,GPMBQ[BKQNBEOPRKT

BPK\KNZMG[BG\G.TNBUFXGZLFYGNYJKCKCYKGPG[NFPGXZ,NBKKGGXZCKYG[NPGXZ

CYZCFVZJKO,GCEZLMNNFGBKSGVYT"KFZ[GKG\.TOYCGX\FPGXZKOFXKCGZKKORPRKO

BGGKZRYK,JKFGZPKO,VKYGISRKJZKGVTGNG\[NZVGBFPGRT\.

I.F[VTG\IKXGRKG\

ZP\CZKBG\F[NBGMNGSKKFPG[VT\PDGZPKOZCKO,[BKROY[GZKOK[KZG\NTRU

FCZKBG\BGY[GZKOBNKGZYCTYKVKQ.CKGFDGZPKOFNNGRK\QNPRG\B\ZP\FIKKOGB\

BKMG\FIKKO;FZDNK\HGRF,TK[GQ;XZKM\SPKOGBNMGFGN;VTKNG\DGVRK\;FKDKKRFVZJK\

GXKCGZK\GMG'.MPTJCN\KBV[ZKNCGEEPZMKCKOBNGGNYCGTB\P[YNGFKISK[NMN

BIEPFOGB\ZP\F[VT\GTNPXCFCZKBG\[NFBGMNGSKKF.CPXCKOZCKOFZDNK

FIKKO[NFVZJP[VKTKOTNZP\FCZKBG\[NMNNFBGMNGSKKF{FTGCEF[VZJ

PSGKOCGIZ[NBNF\ISQPDEKNFB\FSKMGQ[NBGMNGSKG\BIZG\.

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PTZMG\CZKBG\YKKPG\MEKNSVY[KZG\KCZKBG\CZPFFBGVJKPNK\FRK\R\NF[DF

CPSDZ\FPYGZG\FYKKPKOCPTZM\.CIKRF[NMNPTZM\CZKBG\IKKC\N\\CKJGK

NTGCEF,MKC[GOPXCG/BGPYGONBRK\QNSVYB\PMNGNFXZMKOBGFXKVKG\[NMN

VZJGVZJCICZF.PDCN\FPYGZG\PIKKC\MNPTZM\NYCNFINJG\,INYQY[G\

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N\ZCG\,NBGVKFVGNKJK,NPEKRKG\FMNMNK\,NTZMKOFICZ\KKOBGN[KJG\BZDGQGPKPGQ

[KZG\KFCZKBG\")1(

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.ZKCGKJCTK{DKEGNPFKZCYXCFBGMNGSKKF.

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FMZGRKG\.

.PIYZGF\V\IG\FJMRGNGDKFFZVGBK\GFCKG=ZVGBK\{PM[GZZVGBK,\ZGVG\

GVZGXEGZG\.

.FKXTNBP\GMRQGNBPCGYZ[NZGVBKO{FINJG\FZGVBKOFOFMGIFPRKTB\

ZP\F\[GPG\GFTNGKG\.

.ZVGBFFDR\K\{VTGNG\ZVGBKG\PKG\ZG\CPJZFNFKPRTP\CKTG\P[VJKG\.

.\IZG\NBPCGYZ\{MVKNGKG\GCHCGHKO,F\PYEG\CBKMG\F[KZG\GFVTN\

PTZMG\[KGGYBDZSKCKG\.

.B=SKPJZKKFCPKETGY[KIG\FCKYG[{VGJRXKBNCKYG[CN\KPGDCN.

.Supplier Induced DemandKXKZ\CKYG[KOPNBMG\KKO.

.Moral Hazard{XZKMFNBPCGYZ\GPKG\Z\[N[KZG\KOCDNNYKGPG[N[GY

CKJGIK.

.TNKKFCZP\FIKKO{ZP\EZK[G\TGNF.

)1(GTE\R\RKFG,MZLZB[GQ,ET\FZGC,TP'40,F\["Q=1990,KZG[NKO.

.RGSIBG\\YKRFY[KIG\{PGRTG\FYXB\MGIBEOCBGVQKTKNGDPK[CF\BO

NBGVK/XZMKFJKVGN.

.FKTEZMNCYZFGVKYGIBVYJKCKKO{PGXZIKGRKNNBCYZ\[GY)CDNNBGVKG

FPKGIE[NP[YFCZKBG\(.

.XKVKG\FXZMRKO)consumerism({XZMRG\RCGRFG\GCTRK\)TNKKFCPGETG\

GCEZK[G\(.

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NDCKEZMKFJKVGNGPFG\FJKVGN.

.FINJG\VZJRKG\[NZGVBNNBZBKKFMGNN\{IGV[PYXGTKCPRG\YP[KYGNKO

MNMNKKOGMGNNRKKO.

.IGHYO[NFDGZPKOFVTKNKOCP[YFCZKBG\{CTKYZCDNNIKGRKG\FRG[B

GZDK[G\G.

.PTZM\[MZNBPBGHR\FPTGEE\KXKZ\CKYG[KO.

.PTGZCG\PP[N\K\{PHPKRFNIW[N"FNGCKFICZ\K"N\GSV\[KZG\KO.

.CKJGIKOP[NKPKO{TKEGEXZKM\[KZG\KO,\PZKWNZGVBKONCKXGTVTGNG\

PKG\ZG\MGNNTKEGEFPTZM\NFIEZ\JMRGNGDKG\IE[G\.

BPXTKOPYGCNKOCTGNOCRKSKGQNZSQB\FFGXBFNCZKBG\

FF\PGEEG\FP\P[M\TOFFGXBFFDENFCPTZM\FCZKBG\PBVKKR\B\PZCK\

PEKRG\FTGNO,GFKBP\CJB\CRYKJ\BPXTKO[GRKOGPDGGRKOCRKSKGQNFDCKNB\ZP\

FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\,GNCYZBG\F.

PXEFCKYG[

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.ISPKOBEPRKSJZJKCKKO{XPXGORDK[G\F[KZG\KOCBPXTG\KXKZ\\GZKO

GFXC\PISGPKOJMRKKOGCKGZGYZJKKO)PRKT\DK[FN[KZG\KO(.

.F[\\VG\TXPK\)Co-paymentBGCost Sharing({XPXGOFSMRF[C\GVT\

F=Moral HazardCBPXTG\IKGCTCGZCKYGZBXNZGVBPYXGTK,IKGCTCGZPZVBG\

IGWGPMGRKO,TCGZ\ZGVG\,TCGZ[KPG[CIEZKPKGQ,TCGZKGOB[VGH,GMG'.

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NF\RFDG\XZMRK\ZXKGRNK\.

PXEFFKXT

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\MRGQ,CYZFGVKYGITNMGIBEOZVGBK:

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.P\QP[YNDEGNKISK\TNKEKC\KFIGNKON[KYGNKKGYZFGPGRKJKQDOTNI[CGQ

XZMKO[GJVKO.

.FTEZCKHGZRKFGNKGDPK[G\\VTGNK\.

.PSNGNKYKEGOISGPKO{BKQFDCNFN\YGV\FMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\G[N

SDRKFO.

.F\V\IGKG\JMRGNGDKG\FPBV[ZG\CKXGTINYRKMZP\IGPKFVTKNG\CPSDZG\

BPCGNJGZKG\.

.VHKNFNZVGBFF[KRKGRK\{FFMRSG\P[KZG\HFPFGG\M[NK[PMNNFMRSG\C\K

FIGNKOFMNNKKO.

.FZMCFIGNKOFPBG[VHKO{CTKYZIGNKOY[KOGMZGRKKO.

.RGSIBG\\YKRFY[KIG\{FXPE\\YRKMGIFBEONPSVZPKJG\.

.FMZFCPINYFNXGZLF\PIG\PG\RK\CPSVZPKJG\.

.IGPZYNKRKNBPDGGQEKG)FKTEZFPSDZ\FYFKN\K\(NXGZLFYRKK\PKGPRGKG\CKQ

MG\NKCK\FIGNKOVGDOCFM[Z\SJGERJKOGZGVBKOXTKZKO.

.FTCZ\INYPFM[Z\P\PIKONPSDZG\BPCGNJGZKG\\ZGVUB\FY[Z[CKQ

PSVZFPKJG\GFFMZFCPINYFNXGZMKF\PIG\.

.BKNGXKO\YXKCKKO.

.PGETG\ZCFKG\ZNBSVYJKOMNMNKKO)FMRSG\BGFGXBG\(.

.FSMO[MZBZXK[BKQCGDPK[G\PSVY\GKMGN\\PZGWG/BGTRK[FBVYJKCKKO.

PEEKKTKNG\/BKMG\N\VYGEC\KIGNKO:

.BKRJRSKCKG\FRKXGN[N\[\KG\,XKGEGJMRGNGDKG\BCIGRKG\GJKVGNKG\IEK[G\.

.\PIGZZKBNKGEKVZRXKBNK[N\TZKVKVTGNG\ZVGBKG\.

.\PFKNPKJG\PG\BONXZMKO.

.BIGH\PG\FGSKCGMKOP\GBO)NBIGHZP\FSKMGQ[NFIGNF(.

.BKRJRSKCKG\F[KPG[CP[BCKBRG[CPTZM\FB[VGH)PEEPYGCNCPTZM\{

PSVZFTGCEKOCP[ZFPNBFNMNPKJ\B[VGH(.

.PPGXTF[FKKFCCK\FIGNKOGB[VGHKOIGHZKO.

.\GZKO.

RK\QNINYB\PTZM\C\KFIGNKONVK[RKPBVKKRKOTKYZKKO:

.FCTNG\:C\KIGNKOPP[N\KKO,C\KIGNKO[N[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\,C\KIGNKO

XKCGZKKO)EGDP\"FESF"G"[TZKXEY"(GC\KIGNKOVZJKKO.

.FF\PIG\:C\KIGNKOMNNKKO,C\KIGNKOVSKMKBJZKKOGPGSEG\DZKBJZKKO.

FINGYFNVKCTNG\GF\PIG\PTNKPFY[ZTGCE\KFYKKO

CKQ[RKFPBVKKRKOFNNG:

.INYDEGNPFPGSEG\FVZJKKOPKGTENIGNKODZKBJZKKOGVSKMKBJZKKO.

.PGSEG\YGVG\IGNKOFONZGCC\KIGNKOMNNKKO.

.INYDEGNPC\KFIGNKOFVSKMKBJZKKOFGBCCTNG\PP[N\K\.

CK\IGNKOXKCGZKMNNK:"CK\IGNKOPP[N\KMNNK,CK\IGNKOMNNK[CCTNG\[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\,CK\IGNKOMNNK[CCTNG\Z[G\PYGPK\GMQCK\IGNKOMNNK[FGB

\BDKE[FGBPGSEXKCGZKMP[PTG\GCSTKU9NVYGE\PSFMRSF")EKRKPEKR\K[ZBN,

RGSIIE[8,TP'120(.)1(

)1(PYGZ:IGYFFSEZKOCP[YFPEKRFN[R\FMSVKO.2002

C\KIGNKO,NVKSGDGCTNG\

2001 2000 1999 1990 SGDGCTNG\

48 48 48 44

SGDFPGSE

JKVGNMNNK

20 21 23 26 CZKBG\FRV[

284 272 254 117 PING\PPG[MG\)1(

2 2 2 2 [KYGO

25 25 26 29

PP[N\K\)2(

2 2 2 2 TKZGRK\=PP[N\K\

13 13 13 14 [KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\)3(

8 8 9 { PMCK[KZG\KCZKBG\)4(

4 4 4 { YGV\IGNKOPBGIE\

7 7 7 7 PKSKGQ

154 150 144 66 XKCGZK\BIZ\)5(

141 134 122 71 VZJK\

)1(MGNNC\KIGNKONIGNK[IV\TE.1960MGNNPINYG\SKTGEKG\CC\KBCG\GCYKCGXKO.

)2(MGNNC\KIGNKOCCTNG\PNCQTE.1970

)3(TE[R\{1998YGV\IGNKOMNNK\.

)4(TE1996{YGV\IGNKOPMCK.

)5(MGNNFESF.

PKJG\B[VGHNVKCTNG\GSGDPKJF)RMGQNSGU[R\2001(

SF"M [KYGO

PPG[MG\)1(

CZKBG\

072,11 108 887,1 696,3 381,5 PP[N\K\

455,1 95 { { 360,1 TKZGRK\=PP[N\K\

450,5 270 632 300 248,4 [KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\)2(

310 { 310 { { PMCK[KZG\KCZKBG\)3(

254 { 254 { { YGV\IGNKOPBGIE\

631 { 109 8 514 PKSKGQ

415,9 150 893,6 133 239,2 XKCGZK\BIZ\)4(

047,11 20 117,9 333,1 577 VZJK\

634,39 643 202,19 470,5 319,14 SF"M

)1(MGNNPKJG\CPINYG\SKTGEKG\,CC\KBCG\GCYKCGXKO.

)2(TE[R\1988{YGV"IMNNK\.

)3(TE[R\1996{YGV"IPMCK.

)4(MGNNFESF.

CBIGHFPKJG\FMNNKG\PSLMNFPKJG\K[RFPDPFCZGZF[NKZKEFP=%43.8C[R\

1980N=%36.1C[R\2001[KTGZHFFPXKCB\K[ZBNCYXFF\I\GQ[NPEKRG\

OECD.NPZG\[C\KFIGNKOFMNNKKOPFGGKOZY%36PMNNFPKJG\,FOPJVNKO

CZGCFPMZKT[NFPBG[VHKOTNVRKF[RF:CSLFMGNBG[VHGCC\KFIGNKOFMNNKKO

CSGU1999NPTNFPPKNKGQRV[,NTGP\20TE30BNUCNCEC[\KFF\PIGKG\

FBIZG\{VSKMKBJZKFGDZKBJZKF{[CFQFB[VGHPPG[LPBGE,GPSVZYJQKISK\

[NPJGVNKOPBMNSPGSEG\BNG.PMBQRGCT,[YZGCNPIXK\FPBG[VHKOCPEKRF

RPXBKOCPGSEG\PP[N\KKO,YX\VIG\P[NK[CPGSEG\[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\,

GMZCT{CPGSEG\BIZKO.

I[GCNFEDK[,MKCC\KIGNKOMNNKKOZCKOYKKPG\DOPINYG\VSKMKBJZKG\GDO

DZKBJZKG\,GNMQRMGQKG\ZNR\IB\FPTZM\CZPF[NPINYG\GPKJG\GNBCZPF[N

PGSEG\.MPTJPIXK\PFPKJG\FMNNKG\{%47{FOCCTNG\PP[N\K\

GPP[N\K\=TKZGRK\,YZGCN[NK[{%30CCTNG\[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\,IPK[K\{

CC\KIGNKOXKCGZKKOG=%4CPDHZFVZJK.INGYFHGF[\R\FBLPTJTNVRKHPQ=INYO

[NFPGSEG\FPP[N\KKOVI\P=%48C[R\1984N=%47C[R\2001,GC\YGVF

FPYCKNFTNF[KTGZO[NFPGSEG\FVZJKKOP=%3N=%.4

PKJG\CC\KIGNKOG\VGS\PKJG\,NVKSGDPKJF

\VGS\PKJG\ PKJG\

2001 2000 1999 2001 2000 1999 SGDPINYF

PSVZKOPGINJKO

BIGHKO 634,39 613,38 458,37 SLMGNN

[KTGZKON=1000\G[CKO)2(

91.7 92.2 92.9 090,6 062,6 030,6 SLMGNN

93.0 93.1 94.0 2.200 2.224 249,2 PINYG\MNNKG\=SLFMN

102.6 106.4 104.3 0.611 0.613 0.614 VRKPKG\

93.2 94.1 96.7 0.092 0.093 0.093 DZKBJZKFBYGJK\

97.1 104.3 102.1 0.042 0.041 0.041 RGKZGNGDKF

90.3 95.3 96.1 0.032 0.032 0.033 BGRYGNGDKF

111.1 109.5 109.2 0.013 0.014 0.014 TGZGPKQ

56.2 57.6 72.7 0.008 0.008 0.007 F[\N\PGITXO

68.1 66.8 68.0 0.045 0.044 0.042 JKVGNRPZWMNNK

79.6 83.6 83.2 0.042 0.041 0.042 JKVGNRPZWNC

78.8 80.0 79.3 0.003 0.003 0.003 JKVGNRPZWR[KP\K

92.6 89.8 95.3 0.160 0.164 0.164 KNEKO

79.2 84.0 84.2 0.015 0.016 0.015 JKVGNRPZWKNEKO

95.9 101.4 101.3 0.081 0.078 0.079 JKVGNPKGIECKKNGE

88.6 89.1 88.6 0.043 0.043 0.043 MKZGZDKFKNEKO

87.0 83.6 84.4 0.259 0.267 0.276 MKZGZDKFMNNK\

87.7 86.1 88.2 0.145 0.149 0.151 BGZ\GVEKF

81.3 76.3 80.4 0.068 0.070 0.070 BGZGNGDKF

77.3 82.7 83.9 0.026 0.026 0.026 RGKZGMKZGZDKF

81.0 78.8 81.0 0.044 0.045 0.045 MKZGZDKFIHFGNC

100.1 103.2 111.2 0.018 0.016 0.016 MKZGZDKFMNKEO

92.8 83.9 81.0 0.028 0.027 0.028 MKZGZDKFVNSJK\

56.2 56.3 60.0 0.059 0.062 0.064 TKRKKO

76.1 72.7 79.8 0.049 0.049 0.051 BU,BGHQDZGQ

67.6 68.1 70.9 0.006 0.007 0.007 VFGNS\

93.0 90.1 94.8 0.103 0.107 0.109 R[KO

109.2 105.9 105.4 0.203 0.205 0.211 KGNEG\

147.6 154.7 157.4 0.006 0.006 0.066 F[FKKF

85.5 88.0 90.3 0.840 0.877 0.967 CZKBG\FRV[

92.4 92.7 93.0 2.950 2.861 2.711 PING\PPG[MG\

96.9 97.2 90.0 0.099 0.100 0.103 [KYGO

PYGZ:F[R\GQFSJJKSJKNK[ZBN2002,PSVZ.53

)1(MGNNPINYG\ZKBG\.

)2(F[KTGZPIG[CTNVKBGMNGSKKFCSGUF[RF.

DGZPKOFP[VKTKOTNF\VGSFFPPGXT\:

.\YKR\PKJG\FB[VGHNBPCGXT\TNVKXZMKOEPGDZVKKOGBVKEPKGNGDKKO.

.\PFKNFPKJG\BKRGPG\BONXGZMKFB[VGHCMNPINYF,GNMQRGXZTGPS/IGSZ

[N\VGSFCPINYG\.

.FYXB\FPKJG\RT[K\CZP\FPINYFGNBCZP\CK\FIGNKO.

CF[GGBFCKRNBGPK\,K[ZBNRPXB\C[KTGZK\VGSFPPGXTKOPQFDCGFKOCKG\ZPCKQ

MNPEKRG\OECDCSLMNFPKJG\GCPKGIECPKJG\FMNNKG\{[KTGZKF\VGSF

FPPGXT\CK[ZBNCPKJG\MNNKG\TPEC[R\2001TN%.93

[FKKFPPGXT\G[KTGZKPKB[VGHCC\KIGNKO,NVKSGDPKJF

[KTGZKPKB[VGHNBNURV[ [FKKFPPGXT\)KPKO( SGDPKJF

1999 1998 1997 1999 1998 1997

775.4 782.3 784.0 4.3 4.2 4.3 PKJG\MNNKG\SF"M

242.4 234.6 235.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 VRKPK\

33.1 36.1 35.3 12.9 13.5 14.8 DZKBJZKFBYGJK\

15.3 15.3 15.4 6.7 6.6 6.5 RGKZGNGDKF

11.7 11.7 11.1 5.9 6.0 6.1 BGRYGNGDKF

11.4 10.7 9.8 5.6 5.1 5.1 JKVGNRPZWMNNK

12.8 12.7 12.9 2.7 2.7 2.9 JKVGNRPZWNC

62.0 61.4 62.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 KNEKO

29.0 30.0 29.8 12.8 12.9 12.9 JKVGNPKGIECKKNGE

94.3 96.6 97.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 MKZGZDKFMNNK\

13.9 14.6 14.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 MKZGZDKFKNEKO

49.0 50.1 49.2 5.5 5.5 5.8 BGZJGVEKF

20.9 22.5 23.0 4.3 4.2 4.2 BGZGNGDKF

8.2 8.3 8.6 6.3 6.4 7.6 RGKZG=MKZGZDKF

13.4 13.4 13.8 5.2 5.2 5.3 MKZGZDKFIHFNC

8.3 8.7 8.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 MKZGZDKFVNSJK\

14.3 16.1 17.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 TKRKKO

15.0 15.6 15.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 BU,BGHQGDZGQ

38.3 39.0 38.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 R[KO

82.3 84.7 85.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 KGNEG\

329.9 352.3 379.9 122.9 130.5 234.7 CZKBG\FRV[

911.9 870.0 836.6 160.6 163.1 168.5 PING\PPG[MG\

34.0 33.1 31.7 34.8 34.8 36.2 [KYGO

PYGZ:FN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF.

P[LFB[VGH:

C[RKOFBIZGRG\ING[KRGKKOCEVGSKFB[VGHGCP[LFB[VGH.DENFINYFKISK[N

RK\GIKKGO,GF\YXZP[LF[FG\CB[VGHKOZDKNKO.F[KRGKRCTFQPPBPXKFYGVG\

NVYITNP[LFB[VGH[NPCGJIKFQGNCYZGGFQPFTNKKFCF\TZCGKG\MKZGZDKG\VIG\

IGEZRKG\,[RK\RG\NCKXGTCPSDZ\B[VGHKGO.

DGZPKOFP[VKTKOTNP[LFB[VGH:

.FZMCFPBG[VHKO.

.PFG\F\INGBF.

.BKRJRSKCKG\GKTKNG\FJKVGNKOGKTKNG\O.

.YKXGZFNKMKO.

.[KYGNKOMNMNKKO.

R\GRKFB[VGHP\KKISKOCEZLMNNN[RKR\GRKO:PSVZFPBG[VHKOGPSVZFKPKO[[FG

FPBG[VHKOCCK\IGNKOTNVRK[RF.IKNGY[RKFR\GRKOFNNGRG\QB\FPEE[N[FKKF

PPGXT\NPBG[VH.

F[FKKFFPPGXT\CPGSEG\VSKMKBJZKKOGDZKBJZKKOFKBCSCKCG\IXK[RF,NTGP\

[FKKFPPGXT\[NM=4KPKOCC\KIGNKOMNNKKO)KZKEF[N%37CKQF[RKO1980

N=1999,P[FKKFPPGXT\[N6.8KPKON4.3KPKO(.

F[FKKFFPPGXT\FBZGMFCKG\ZFKBCPINYG\JKVGNPKGIECKKNGE)JKVGNRPZW

CKKNGEKO({[FKKFPPGXT\[N12.8KPKONTGP\4.3KPKOCPPGXTFMNNK.NFGXKB

\IGOIZKDHF,BV[ZNGPZ[F[FKKFFPPGXT\RTFCKQ2.3KPKO)PINY\R[KO(N=6.7

KPKOCRGKZGNGDKF.

[KTGZFPKJG\NBNURV[

1999 1998 1980 SGDFPKJF

2.25 2.27 2.95 MNNK\

2.82 2.72 1.58 DZKBJZKFG[KYGO

0.97 1.04 2.18 VSKMKBJZKKF

PYGZ:FN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF

[KTGZSLMNPKJG\FB[VGHNBNURV[CK[ZBNYZGCNPPGXTFYKKOCPEKRG\OECD.

[KTGZFPKJG\FMNNKG\NBNURV[,NTGP\HB\,FRGPFRPGMKOPCKQPEKRG\OECD:

2.27PKJG\MNNKG\NBNURV[C[R\1998)ZYCJGZYKFK[VIG\:2.2PKJG\MNNKG\

NBNURV[(.

ICZFGGTEF,VZGV'E.X'ZRKIGCSYKPS\KKDPFECZKOFRBPZKOCINYF[NK[K[N

FEG"I.

.1YCKT\TNG\FSNFXKCGZKGBGVQTEMGRF

"MNFKMGNNFXKNGNBFXKNTGCZTN"NB\TPGETNEOZTKL")GKYZBKJ;JH(

VSKY\FZPC"OCFNMG\...[PKZ\RV[)VB,FG'X(

B.FHMBG\FXKCGZK\

[KZG\KFZVGBFFXKCGZKKOCK[ZBNVGTNKOPBHKRGBZ1995CPSDZ\IGYCKJGICZKBG\

PPNM\K.FIGYFDEKZ"SNCSKSK"PVGZJGRYCTGPYGZG\PKPGRGGMNNKONTEMGRG.

STKU7)B(NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KPDEKZB\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\M="SN

F[KZG\KOFCSKSK:

)1([KZG\KFCZKBG\[R\RFYGV\FIGNKO[NFFS\EZG\FMNNK\[NFTGCEKOCBZW

K[ZBNNICZKFCPGTEFYGCTNZCG\\[NGPKOPKGIEKO[[KNOFICZ,FMN

MPVGZJC\GSV\F[RKKF;

)2([KZG\KFCZKBG\[R\RFFPEKRFNVZJCPGTEFYGCT,MPVGZJC\GSV\F[NK[K\,

GFMGNNVKF\RBKOGNVKF\[NGPKO[FKGRFGDKOTZC\IKN\G[NIGYHFG[KVZSO

[ZFCZKBG\CZ[GPG\;

)3(CJN.

)4([KZG\KZVGBFCTCGEFMBPGZCSTKU7B;

)5(Z[KP\F\ZGVG\GF\[NGPKOTCGZF\ZGVG\[FKGRFGDKOCPGTEFYGCTCYGV\

FIGNKO[NFFS\EZG\FMNNK\[NFTGCEKOCBZWK[ZBNMVK[KVGZSOCXGNVK

STKU8)H(".

FMGGRFFPYGZK\[NFIGYFKK\FNTDQCSNFCSKSKB\PMNGNF[KZG\KOFZVGBKKONFO

HYGYFBHZIGBSVY\OTNKEKSVY[KZG\KOBIE{BI\PYGVG\FIGNKOFYKKPG\BG

MBNF[\YGPRFCT\KE.MGGR\FIGYFKK\FDONFMKNCSN{NBIZ\YGV\PTCZ[N

[NG[[RKO{B\F[KZG\KO[FKGCBIZKG\K[KZF[NFPEKRFG[NFCKJGIFNBGPKNVRK

\IGN\FIGY.BNFMGNNKO[KZG\KZVGBFPGRT\,[KZG\KCZKBG\FRV[G"SN=NKEF".SN

FNKEFBMQRMNN\IKNFCSNF[KZG\KOFCSKSK,BLFGXBPFSNC[R\.1997

NDCK[KZG\KZVGBFPGRT\G[KZG\KCZKBG\FRV[,YGVG\FIGNKOGFPP[NFJZOFDKTG

NFSMPFTNFTCZ\F[KZG\KO.FIGYTGEMQC=1999TNPR\NBV[ZN[ZFCZKBG\

NFVZK[PSLPYGZG\PKPGQFIGYSMGOMSVKNPE"B.FFYXBFNYGVG\{"FSMGO

NINGYF"{FKBFK\ZFP\GLSLMNF\YCGNKOPPYGZG\FPKPGQF[GRKOFPVGZJKO

INYZCKTK:ZYTGRKPGYKONFPNXG\1 2 3

CIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K{STKU13,NBIZRKMGKFGXBG\FPKGTEG\NPKPGQ[KZG\K

CZKBG\NVZJ,PE"BGMKG"C)ZBFNP[NSTKU16G69{NIGY(.

STKU9NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KYGCT:

")B([ZFCZKBG\G[ZFBGXZKYCTG,TO\IKN\G[NIGYHF,CBK[GZGTE\FTCGEF

GFZGGIF[NFMRS\B\TNG\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\,GCNCE[TNG\FSNNB\VI\

PSLMNFFGXBF[NYGVG\FIGNKOC\YXKCQFZDKNC[R\1993GC\GSV\

FSMGPKOPPYGZG\FPKPGQ[CSTKU13)B()3(G=)4(C[R\.1993

)B1()1(FINC[R\1997\VGZSOPEK[RF,CSPGLNPGTEFTEMGQNVKSTKU

YJQ)C()2(,TNG\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\.

)2(TNG\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\PFGGFB\SMGOFPZMKCKOFPVGZJKONFNQNBIZ

TEMGRONVK[KJG\FTEMGQF[GRG\[RYCTGNFQ:

)C()1(TNG\FSNNYGVG\\\TEMQPEK[RFC[KTGZTNKK\PEEKGYZFCZKBG\

[\VZSOFN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF;PZMKCKPEEKGYZFCZKBG\KFKG

MPVGZJC\GSV\FIPK[K\;

)2([ZFCZKBG\G[ZFBGXZKYCTG,CBK[GZGTE\FTCGEFGFZGGIF[NFMRS\,B\

PGTEKFTEMGQ;

)3([ZFCZKBG\G[ZFBGXZZ[BKO,TNVKFPNX\PGTX\FCZKBG\GCBK[GZGTE\

FTCGEFGFZGGIF[NFMRS\N[RG\CXGB\FZMCPEEKGYZFCZKBG\,BGNTEMQ

B\TNG\FSNNYGVG\C[NF[KRGKKOFEPGDZVKKO[INGCBGMNGSKKF".

FGGTEFDGZS\CPSYRG\KF,P[FGDEZFFHMBG\FXKCGZK\CBPXTG\SN[KZG\KO

G\ZGVG\,K[NPPRGTNVKTNG\GFZKBNK\.BOBKQFPP[NFKMGNFNPPQHMBG\HG{

TNKFNYCGTCCKZGZBNG[KZG\KOKKDZTGPPRF.

C.YCKT\TNG\FSNFCSKSKGBGVQTEMGRF

CSTKU9NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KRYCTMKTNG\FSN\\TEMQPEK[RFC[KTGZ

TNKK\PEEKGYZFCZKBG\[\VZSOFN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYFGMKPZMKCKPEEKGYZ

FCZKBG\KFKGMPVGZJC\GSV\FIPK[K\NIGY.

TGERYCTMK[ZFCZKBG\G[ZFBGXZZ[BKO,TNVKFPNX\PGTX\FCZKBG\GCBK[GZ

GTE\FTCGEFGFZGGIF[NFMRS\N[RG\CXGB\FZMCPEEKGYZFCZKBG\BGNTEMQB\

TNG\FSNNYGVG\C[NF[KRGKKOFEPGDZVKKO[INGCBGMNGSKKF.

EBTYB[PBHRIYYFIGY,RG\ZFSGDKK\PRDRGQFTEMGQ[RGKFCPINGY\GFKBPTGZZ\

P[BKOGP\RKOPPG[MKOPEK[RF,GKMGIKOGBK=RI\.NPZG\[PN[GQFIGYTGNFMK

FMGGRFFPYGZK\FKK\FNTEMGQCTNBGVKBGJGPJK,BGCKYJKCKMMNFRK\Q,FZKCVGTN

FRG[BTEKKQNBPGSEZGPKKINNV\ZGQ.

FGGTEFSCGZF,[TNG\FSNIKKC\NFKG\PGDEZ\PZB[,CXGZFYCGTF,CZGZF

GIE=P[PTK\GNBNFKG\V\GIFNEKGRKOGNPINGYG\PEK[RFC[RF.

FTEMGQ[NFSNXZKLNF\CSSTNFVZPJZKO[NFNQ:

.1PEEKGYZSNFCZKBG\MVK[KYCTTNKEKFN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF.

.2[KRGKKOEPGDZVKKO,TNCSKSR\GRKFPGSENCKJGINBGPK.

.3PYEOF\KKTNG\.

CRGSU,K\YKKODOTEMGQ[N\GMQFSNFCSKSK.FKYUFTEMGQKYCTTNKEKFPP[NFPEK

[RF)TEMGQJMRGNGDK{ZBFVZYPYGZG\FPKPGQ(.

TNG\"FSN"GPYGZG\PKPGRG)PKNKGRK["I,PIKZKO[GJVKO(

2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995

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YGV\IGNKONBGPK\{%9.16

%100.00

PYGZ:FPGSENCKJGINBGPK,KRGBZ.2002

KXGKQMKRGSI\FFYXBFTNCSKSYVKJXKF,YGCT\B\FINGYF[NZP\PYGZG\R\GRF

CKQFYGVG\.BKQFRGSIFPM\KCFZPFHG.FRGSIFRGTEFNINYCBGVQXGEYG[GGKGRKB\

MSVKFXKCGZ[RGTEGNPKPGQFSNFCSKSK.HB\,CKQF[BZ,TNKEKPRKT\FTEV\PCGJI

BIETNZTFG.SGDKK\FFYXBF[NFPYGZG\FXKCGZKKOCMNNGNYGVG\FIGNKOCVZJFKB

PGZMC\NPZG\[PRDRGRKFFYXBFFOPZMKCKOPZMHKKONKK[GOPEKRKG\CZKBG\

GN\VYGEFFKTKNGF[GGKGRK[NFPTZM\)HPGZFGBIZKO2002(.ZB[K\,BKQPRDRGQ

NFYXBFPGSEZ\NSNF[KZG\KOFCSKSK[CPKPGQXKCGZK.[RK\,BKQPRDRGQFYXBFPGSEZ

N[KZG\KO[CBIZKG\P[ZEFCZKBG\)GDONBPRDRGQTKEMGQ(.[NK[K\,FP[\RKO[CCSKS

PRDRGQFYVKJXKFNFYXBF[NPZCK\FPYGZG\FXKCGZKKONYGVG\FIGNKO{NBTGEMRG

PBH[R\1995,NPZG\,[NZ[G\FPTZM\MKGOPKETZCKG\ZPB[ZCBG\FT\.

PYEPKYVKJXKFPGNPYEPKFGXBF

PYEOFGXBF PYEOYVKJXKF DKN

0.69 1.26 4=0

0.26 0.48 14=5

0.40 0.42 24=15

0.62 0.58 34=25

0.74 0.74 44=35

1.13 1.21 54=45

1.99 1.86 64=55

3.32 2.90 74=65

4.61 3.64 +75

PYGZ:RKKZTPEF[FGD[NGGTEF,[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\,KGNK.2001

VKZG[O[NFR\GRKOFPGVTKOCJCNFNTKNFGB[FYGVG\KTEKVGNDKKSPCGJIKOXTKZKO

GNBY[K[KOGK\MQBUMKKVNGNZTFY[K[KOCBKMG\F[KZG\.MQK[VTZKOCTNGKG\

[KZG\KFZVGBFCKQDCZKOGR[KO,CKQIGNKOMZGRKKOG[BKROMBNF,CKQYCGXG\

SGXKG=MNMNKG\GCKQBHGZKODKBGDZVKKO)RKZBNGBIZKO2001,X'ZRKIGCSYKGBIZKO2002,

HPGZFGBIZKO2002(.

BKQCPYEPKFYVKJXKFFYKKPKOMEKNMSG\TNVTZKOBNF,CVZJRGMIFFCENKOCKQ

FYGVG\C[MKIG\FP[\RKOFNNG.

NET\FGGTEF,FYXB\PYGZG\FIGYNYGVG\FIGNKOXZKMFNFP[KLGNF\CSSTN

FFGXBFCVGTNCMNYCGX\DKNTNCSKSR\GRKO[KKBSVGTNKEKFN[MFFPZMHK\

NSJJKSJKYF.TOHB\FKBSCGZF,[K[NVXNB\YCGX\FDKNFRPGMFGFDCGFF[TNKFQ

P\CSS\RGSI\FFYXBF,MGNNCIKRF\YGV\K\[NPYEPKFRGSIFGCEKY\

FBV[ZG\NFMNN\P[\RKORGSVKOBGNFGXB\O.

NVKMLZB\FFGGTEFNRMGQNFPNKWTNTEMGQRGSI\FYVKJXKFGN[YGNCFYEOFGSV\

P[\RKOIE[KOTNVKKETGRKSKGQ[FXJCZGPBH.1995MQZGBFFGGTEFNRMGQNFYKO

PTZM\NTEMGQFRGSIFCHPRKOSCKZKO.CRGSUSCGZFFGGTEF,[FPXKBG\FP[\RF

PIKKC\CIKRFPIGE[\[NZ[KP\"FPING\FY[G\"G[NTNG\Q)FPNXF3.4(.

CPZGX\F[RKOFBIZGRG\F[\RGFJKVGNKOCINYPFPING\,GK\MQMKBUTNG\FJKVGN

CFQF[\R\F.

ICZFGGTEFVZGV'E.X'ZRKIGCSYKPGSKUNFPNXG\NFNQ

B\FPNXG\KGFBK[KG\FCBG\:

.K[NYCGTPRDRGRKFYXBFCZGZKO[NMSVKFPEKRFCKQFSNKO[CRKFGNFYGVG\GCKQ

FSNKO[CRKFGNP[ZEFCZKBG\,CKQF[BZTNPR\NSKKTCFTCZ\F[KZG\KO

[CBIZKG\FP[ZENZ[G\RVZE\)ZBFFPNXF9.1.4.1(.

."Z[\FCKJIGQ"C\YXKCFPKGTENYGVG\FIGNKO\GDEZCBGVQCZGZML[KFKFPRDRGQ

PGSEZNINGY\SKMGRKOCKQFPP[NFNCKQYGVG\FIGNKONDCK\YXKCQCPSDZ\FSN

FCSKSK.

.\KG[ONBN\ZYCKT\IGYCKJGIFCZKBG\FPPNM\KNFMRS\DGZOF"PZIY"

MP[\RFCRGSI\FYVKJXKF,CXGZF[\CJKI[GGKGQFHEPRGKG\N\G[CKFPEKRF

CBHGZKOF[GRKONYCN\[KZG\KO[GGKOTCGZXZMKO[GGKO.

FPNXFPSVZ3

FYXB\FPKPGQNYGVG\FIGNKO

3.1FYXB\FPKPGQNYGVG\FIGNKO\P[KLNF\CSSTNFFGXBFFKISK\CVGTNCMN

YCGX\DKNGC"PING\Y[G\".

3.2FTEMGQ[NFFGXBFFKISK\CVGTNNVKDKNKCGXTTNCSKSR\GRKO\YGV\KKO,

[KKBSVGTNKEKFN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF,G[YGVG\FIGNKOKIGKCGNSVYO.

3.3K[GRGYCGXG\FDKN[TNKFQPCGSS\RGSI\FFYXBFFRGMIK\:

YCGX\FDKN0=4\IGNYN[\KYCGXG\DKN:0=1;1=.4

YCGX\FDKN+75\IGNYN[\KYCGXG\DKN:84=75;+.84

3.4\KTZLCIKRFPKKEK\[NZ[KP\"FPING\FY[G\"FRGMIKG\G[NFTNG\F[R\K\

[NFJKVGNCMNBI\PFQ.

3.5[ZFCZKBG\CF\BONSTKVKO17G=60NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KKCIQB\

RGSI\FYXB\FPYGZG\)"YVKJXKF"(,NZCG\CEKY\BV[ZG\[NFMRS\

P[\RKORGSVKOCRGSIFNVIG\BI\N=4[RKO.BOKGINJTNTEMGQFFGXBF

FKISK\CVGTNTNCSKSP[\RKORGSVKO,FOKKBSVGTNKEKFN[MFFPZMHK\

NSJJKSJKYF)ZBFFPNXF3.2(.

.4CIKZ\ZGVBCPTZM\FXKCGZK\

CIKZ\ZGVBPBV[Z\NPJGVN,FPCY[NYCN[KZG\ZVGBKSVXKVK,NCIGZB\FZGVB

FPJVNCFNKLPGDEZ\PGZ\\[NGO.PSNGNHFPG[\\TNFSEZKOCKQFRFNG\C\K

IGNKOXKCGZKKONCKQFZGVBKOFCMKZKO,FP\KZKOCKXGT[KZG\ZVGBKVZJKCKQMG\NKCK\

FIGNKO.

[KZG\ZVGBKVZJKVGTNMKGOCBGVQPPGSEZYCC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOCKZG[NKO{

FESF,[TZKXEYGCYGZIGNKO{[KZG\ZVGBKVZJK)NFNQ=[Z"V(.CC\KIGNKOBNF

ZGVBKOCMKZKOZ[BKOCPDCNG\PSGKPG\GCFKYUYJQGPCGYZ,NJVNCIGNKOVZJKKOCKQ

MG\NKCK\FIGNKOGCPYZKOPKGIEKODOPIGWNG.FIGNFP[NONPGSECBGVQK[KZBG

CBPXTG\ICZ\CKJGI,GFZGVBKOPYCNKOINYPGDEZGPGSMOPQF\[NGO.

FFSMOCKQFRFNG\C\KFIGNKONCKQFZGVBKOFCMKZKONCKXGT[Z"VCKQMG\NKCK\

FIGNKOPTPKENZ[G\FZGVBKO[KZG\KO,PM[GZGXKGEXKCGZKKONJKVGNCIGNKOFVGRKO

BNKFOCPSDZ\HG.FSEZHFPBV[ZNZGVBKOFDEN\FMRSF,GNIGNKO{CIKZ\ZGVB

MZXGRO.FVTN\F[Z"VP\CXT\CPSVZ\RBKOPDCKNKOFP\KKISKOCTKYZNBKSGZ

FYEP\\GZ,NYCKT\PDCNG\[NHPQGPYGO,NYCKT\PMSG\VTKNG\G[TG\VTKNG\

GMG'.C[RKOFBIZGRG\F\V[JFF\GVTFDONC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO.FRG[BRCIQ

GR[NNCP\MGR\GFRGMIK\CTYCG\IGG\ET\G[NFKGTWFP[VJKNPP[NFPKGO

14.02.02,GFGVSYCTYCG\VSKY\CD"WPKGO.11.08.02

CKGO20.10.02FINKJFFPP[NF)FINJFPS'2605(:"NFRIG\B\[ZKFCZKBG\

GFBGXZ,CF\KKTXG\TORXKC[KZG\FPEKRF,NYCGT,CPSDZ\\KYGQN\YRG\KSGEG\

F\YXKC)MNNKONVTGN\\BDKECZKBG\(,F\[S"C=2002,FSEZKONCIKZ\ZGVB

C\[NGO,C\BDKEKFCZKBG\[NKEC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOFMNNKKO,GHB\TNKSGE

\YRG\[KDGC[GCFSMP\FKGTWFP[VJKNPP[NF,GMFGZB\[TF[\GYVFN[RF

BI\,GC\RBK[NB\FKF\GSV\\YXKCK\PFPEKRF".

PXEEKCIKZ\ZGVB\PGZ\\[NGO

RMHCFFBPGRF"CPEKR\FZGGIFFK[RF",FDGZS\[FTRY\[KZG\KOBGRKCZSNKKO,

BIKEKOGCZPFRBG\FNMGNOFKBFEZLFCNTEK\NFCJI\BSVY\[KZG\KOICZ\KKO

NMNNFXKCGZ.RMHCFDOFBPGRF,[NVKFRK\QNF[KDHB\ZYBO[MCG\FCKRKKOKXZMG

B\F[KZG\KO[MGNOXGZMKO,GPQFS\OK[P[GDOMPVYIKOTNZP\OTCGZMNN

FXKCGZ.FPXKBG\FGMKIF[NBRK\QNKK[OHB\,G[[MCG\FCKRKKOPXBGEZMKOZCG\

NTYGUMNRKSKGQNPRGTPFOB\PKPG[HMG\ONCIGZ.

PXEEKFSEZHFPPNKXKONFKTRG\NXGZMKBG\GFXKCGZ,FTGPETNHMG\GNCIGZZGVB

\PGZ\\[NGODOCKQMG\NKC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO,KIETOKXKZ\MNNKOCZGZKO

G[YGVKONPKSGEFFSEZKO\I\VKYGIGCYZFFEGYKO,BPKRKOGCN\K\NGKKOG\GL

BV[ZG\NFVTN\SRYXKG\RDEPVKZKFQ.

FZGVBKOPZP\PGPIFGPTNF,[KZXGNTCGECPSDZ\HG,K\IKKCGNTCGECPSDZ\CK\

IGNKOBIE,NBIZ[TG\FTCGEFFZDKNG\BGCKGOF[K[KFIGV[KC[CGTMB[ZKKI\O

FSMOTCGEFNIPK[FKPKTCGEFC[CGT,GFOK\IKKCGNYCNTNKFOB\FBKSGZNTSGY

CVZYJKYFVZJK\BGCTCGEFRGSV\[NBC[NKIG\CK\FIGNKO.

JTGRKOFPIKKCKOFRFD\FSEZCIKZ\ZGVB\PGZ\\[NGO

CMNC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO:

.HMG\FXKCGZFKBNFINKJTNTEKVGKG\KG{IGYKSGEMCGEFBEOGIKZG\G.

.FSEZBIKECHKYFNMNNFXKCGZ\GLP\QFHEPRG\[GGFNMGNO.TOHB\,[GGKGQ

FFHEPRGKG\BKQVKZG[G[GGKGQCBPXTKO.

.FTGCEF[BKF[GGKGQBKRGRZBF,PBIZ[[KZG\KORGSVKOPSGVYKOCP\YRKOBIZKO

)VZJKKO(,BKRFPYJKRFB\BKF[GGKGQBNBPDEKNFBG\G.

.BKQVDKTFCY[ZKTGCE=PTCKECKQFZGVBNCK\FIGNKO{VTKNG\FZGVBG\DPGNG,

RDHZKOP\RBKFTSY\G.

.HMG\FCIKZFFKBNXGZL"RYGE\K"CNCE.

.FDEN\FKXTSVYKF[KZG\\V\IBV[ZGKG\NRKXGNHMG\HB\CYZCBGMNGSKG\

RGSVG\.

.MB[ZNKG\ZP=%60PQFXKCGZK[CKJGIKONBRK\QTGENECZTNZVGBFNT[KZKO

.BK[GGKGQP\CJBCTGCEF,[FCKJGIKOFP[NKPKOPTRKYKOK\ZGQNC\KFIGNKO

FXKCGZKKOCKZG[NKOGNC\KIGNKOVZJKKO.

.DKEGZFVTKNG\CPMSG\PCIKR\[TG\P\QF[KZG\)NBIZ[TG\FTCGEFFZDKNG\(,

FFKYUGBGVKFVTKNG\.

.HPKRG\ZGVBKOCMKZKOC[TG\FTCGEFFZDKNG\\BV[ZRDK[G\FPCGJIFXKCGZK

BNKFO.

.XPXGOFPRKTN[KPG[CEZMKOGCBPXTKONBIGYKKONCIKZ\ZGVBGNYKXGZFNKMKO.

.RKXGNKTKNKG\Z[N\[\KG\,PM[GZGXKGE.

.YCN\\[GBFTNFKETFPYXGTKGFPGRKJKQ[RXCZGCPFNLFTCGEFCCK\FIGNKO

GCPZCK\FPYZKOTNI[CGRG.

.FDEN\\VGYG\FQ[NCK\FIGNKOFXKCGZKKOGFQ[NFZGVBKOFTGCEKOCFO.

.FDCZ\F\IZG\CKQC\KFIGNKO{NIWNFGZE\PIKZKO.

.PRKT\FSJ\VTKNG\PQFPTZM\FXKCGZK\NVZJK\.

.SCSGE[NFFGQFVZJKB\FFGQFXKCGZK{FSJ\VTKNGKG\ZVGBKG\NPSDZ\

"FFGXBFFVZJK\"\GLVKRGKPYGZG\NSNFXKCGZK.

.PKSGEGRK\GCMSVKOVZJKKO,N\GTN\FMN{FIGNKO,CK\FIGNKO,FZGVBGTGCEKO

BIZKODOKIE.

.RKXGNKTKNKG\Z[N\[\KG\ZVGBKG\G[NPKGPRGKG\PYXGTKG\NCKXGTVTGNG\

PGZMCG\GPSGCMG\\GLYCN\DKCGKPPINYG\BIZG\GTPKEFCPCIQ[NCYZ\

TPK\KO.

.TKEGEPXGKRG\CYZCC\KFIGNKOGFZGVBKO{\DPGNFPCGSSTN"VZPJZ"[N

IGV[CIKZF[NFXKCGZ,FPTGEE\IZG\GPXGKRG\,RG\QCKJGKNPYXGTKG\,NPGRKJKQ

GNZP\[KZG\GPYJKQB\F\PZKWNTCGZNPDHZFVZJK.

.I[KV\XGG\FFGZBFGFP\PIKONPSVZDEGNKG\Z[NRK\GIKO.

K[N\IGOB\BV[ZGKG\FFSEZCHPQ,NEBGDNYKGOPSDZG\PKPGQGEKGGIRVZEG\,NYCGT

"PMSG\\VGYF"PINY\KG\GBK[KG\FQN[TG\FTCGEFFZDKNG\GFQN[TG\FFVTNF

GNPRGTSCSGE[NFPTZM\FVZJK\T"KFPTZM\FXKCGZK\CBPXTG\\PIGZZKBNK.

JTGRKO[N[GNNKCIKZ\ZGVB\PGZ\\[NGO

NJTR\O,FPRKTNFRFD\FSEZCIKZ\ZGVB\PGZ\\[NGORGCTCTKYZPPEKRKG\

[\MNK\FNFKJKCTOYCGXFPXGPXP\[NZGVBKOGTO[MCFEYF[NPJGVNKOCTNK

KMGN\,\GLKXKZ\[\KZPG\JKVGNKG\GFCENKRDK[G\CCK\IGNKOSVXKVK.YKKP\SMRF

[NRKXGNNZTF[NFSEZPSGDMHFC[GY[BKQCG\IZG\BPK\K\G[BKQCG[GGKGQICZ\K,

GNTGP\HB\K[CGPKEFZCF[N[NKJ\FZGVBCYCKT\PSVZFVTKNGKG\FZVGBKG\

GCSGDKFJKVGN.CVGTNFGBBKRGVG\ZB\CTKK\BKFKPXBG\O[NFZGVBKOFCMKZKOCKQ

MG\NKCK\FIGNKO,[INYOPIHKYYNKRKYG\VZJKG\GINYOPGTSYCINYKP[ZG\

CYGVG\FIGNKOMZGVBKOTXPBKKO.NJTR\O,RKXGNKTKNKG\Z[NFP[BCKOFXKCGZKKO

GFDEN\PSVZ[TG\FRGMIG\[NFZGVBKOFCMKZKOCCK\FIGNKOPG[DKOMKGO

CBPXTG\YZRG\FPIYZCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGSSKG\CC\KFIGNKO[N[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\.

NJTR\[GNNKFSEZCIKZ\ZGVB\PGZ\\[NGO:

.HMG\FCIKZF\FKFRIN\O[NPTJKO,[MQPSVZPXGPXO[NZGVBKOCMKZKO

KKFRFPFFSEZGPSVZPGDCN[NXZMRKOKGMNNZMG[B\F[KZG\.

.FFSEZPRGDENZGIIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K:"KFBPG[\\TNTYZGRG\[NXEY,

[GGKGQGTHZFFEEK\".

.KKGGXZG[RKPSNGNKYCN\[KZG\{BIENT[KZKOGBIENTRKKO.

.KKVDTGBGMNGSKG\PTGJG\KMGN\,KKGGXZYKJGCPTPEK,\KVDT\IG[\FSGNKEZKG\

GFHPKRG\[NZGVBKOCMKZKONBGMNGSKG\[KEOBKRFP[D\N[NOTCGZF[KZG\.

.\KR\QBV[ZG\NC\KIGNKOBGNZGVBKONCZGZIGNKO.

.KKVDTGPYCNK[KZG\CPSDZ\FXKCGZK\{FYJR\\VGYG\CGYZGFSJ\VTKNGKG\

N[TG\BIZFXFZKOFZGGIKG\)BKYKGPF[NPTZM\FKMGNFNFCJKICYZF,BMKVF

GTRK[F(.

.KGVRGP[BCKOXKCGZKKONPSVZPXGPXO[NZGVBKOGIGNKO{SCSGESPGKTNKEK

\TZKVK\YGZFNBZKBNKKO.

.KKDZODKEGNCFGXBFNCZKBG\NNBMN\GSV\C\VGYFGCZP\FCZKBG\FPPGXT\.

.KKGGXZ\PZKWNFDEN\\VGYG\{HKYFCKQ\DPGNN\VGYF.

.\GDCNKMGN\FYGVG\NGGS\B\ZP\XZKM\F[KZG\KOGNVYITNKF.

.KKGGXZ\PZKWNF[YKTCJMRGNGDKG\KYZG\NNBFXEYFZVGBK\,CTKEGECKYG[KO

VKYJKCKKOGCKXKZ\\GZKOPNBMG\KKO.

.KGMCEFTGNTNFXKCGZ[MQFGBKKEZ[N[NOTCGZ[KZG\KO[RK\QNYCNOCPSDZ\

.K\TZTZPTZLKISKFTCGEFCPDHZFXKCGZKCMNNGCZVGBKCVZJ,GK\TGZZGNIXKO

NFTNBG\[MZ.

.VTKNG\PYXGTK\\PGYECTKYZC\IGPKFCKYG[FRGCTKOPFFSEZ.

.KKGGXZ\PZKWNZGVBKONF\PIG\C\IGPKOZGGIKKOGNBTNVKFXZMKO.

.KKVDTIGYRMSKFPEKRFGIGYF\YXKC.

.KKTYVGFGZBG\FIGYCRGDTNVKYGITNPMKZ\[KZG\KO.

.KKVDTGMNNKPRFN\YKQ{PRGDENFSEZKFFTSYFC\Y[K"Z.

MNRKSKGQN\\NDKJKPXKFNPRDRGQ[KBV[ZP\Q[KZG\KOVZJKKOCPSDZ\XKCGZK\,GTN

KEKBG\ODGZPKO)PCJIKOGSVYK[KZG\KO(,KVDTY[FCZTKGQFTGPECCSKSIGYCKJGI

CZKBG\PPNM\K.FVDKTF\FKFNBZYC[GGKGRKG\GCKMGN\N[NGJCFGXBG\GNCYZBG\Q,

BNBDOC\IG[\FXKCGZGCKMGN\NF[CKTB\ZXGROCBPXTG\"SNFCZKBG\FCSKSK".

FSEZCIKZ\ZGVBCC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOCKZG[NKO)[KZG\ZVGBKVZJK{[Z"V(

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NTSGYCVZYJKYFVZJK\PIGWNMG\NKCK\FIGNKO.

.ZGVBFPXJZUNFSEZF[Z"VP\IKKC,[FMNN\GCFSEZNB\VDTCTCGE\G

F[GJV\CPSDZ\P[Z\GFZDKNFCCK\FIGNKO.

.YKKPG\PTZMG\F\I[CRG\RVZEG\NMNVTKNGKG\F[Z"V,GP\YKKORKFGNI[CGQ

RVZENDCKMNBIEPFZGVBKOFPHGMFCF\BONVTKNG\G.

.YCKT\\TZKVKF[Z"V[GRFCMNCK\IGNKO:

{CFESFYKKONGI\TZKVKOYCGTFQNCKYGZCPZVBFGFQNRK\GIKO,GFGBRYCT

TNKEKGTE\F\TZKVKO[NCK\FIGNKO.

{C[TZKXEYYKKOPIKZGQTCGZCKYGZCPZVBG\[Z"VFP\TEMQTNKEKFZGVBKO,

GDGCFF\[NGOTCGZRK\GIRYCTTNKEKMNZGVBFMNGNCFSEZF[Z"V,NVK

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D.ICZFPP[N\K\:

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FPP[N\KKOB\FTCZ\OC[NCZB[GQNPTPE[NICZG\PP[N\KG\.FECZKKT[F\GL

F\BP\FRFNKON\VTGNC\KIGNKOMEKNFYNTNF[D\[K\GUVTGNF[NFTGCEKO

)FTGCEKOFRGMIKKOKK[BZGCSJJGS[NTGCEKPEKRF(,FREN"Q,FPM[GZGFXKGEKK[BZG

C[NCHFCCTNG\PNBF[NFPEKRF.

FK\ZGRG\CPTCZNICZFPP[N\K\:

.[IZGZPFKZ[NP[ZEFCZKBG\P\VTGNK[KZ[NC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO.

.TXPBG\RKFGNK\G\YXKCK\[NC\KFIGNKO.

.P[LFHPQNCKXGTFFVZEFYXZKG\Z,[MQFPSDZ\FIGYK\GFBZDGRK\YKKP\.

FPNXFPSVZ7.1

\KBDGEC\KFIGNKO

7.1.1C\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGC\KFIGNKO[N[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\KGTCZGNPTPE

[N\BDKEKOTXPBKKO[NBNPJZG\ZGGI.

7.1.2\BDKEKFCZKBG\FYKKPKO)"YZRG\FPIYZ"(K[GNCGCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO,

[KFKGCPTPE[N\BDKEKOTXPBKKO,MBPGZNTKN.

7.1.3MEKNPRGTTKMGCKOCFNKLF\KBDGE,PGPNW[C[NCPYEKOKGTCZGC\KFIGNKO

FPP[N\KKONPTPE[NICZG\PP[N\KG\.

7.1.4KGYOPRDRGQCN\K\NGKNPKRGKEKZYJGZKOCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO.BV[Z

NF[\P[CPGENPKRGKFEKZYJGZKOCCRYKO[FKGCFSEZ,BGCP\MGR\"FGGTEF

NCEKY\PKRGKKO~\KYGQ:\[R"D|,STKU60B.VZYD')FEKZYJGZ(NIGYZ[G\

FICZG\FPP[N\KG\".

7.1.5PSVZICZKFEKZYJGZKGQCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGCC\KFIGNKO[N[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\NBKTNFTN7,GKFKFCGZGCNRXKDKXKCGZ.KG"ZFEKZYJGZKGQKPGRF

PYZCRXKDKFXKCGZ.

7.1.6PKENBIZVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF\PRFFPP[NFDGUPGCKN,[KGZMCPRXKDK

FPP[NFGPRXKDK[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\.FDGUFPGCKNKZMHB\FNKLF\KBDGE,

KRFNBG\G,KVYITNKGGKNGGFBG\GNVIG\CIP[[RG\FFVTNFFZB[GRG\.

C\IGPKBIZKG\GKKMNNGFMR\NGIHPRKOPVGZJNMN[NCKFCKXGT,P[BGP\Q

TOBZDGRKFTGCEKOGYCKT\FSEZKOTPO,FXPE\XGG\KSKGTBZDGRKKOGMNMNKKO

NMN\BDKEGFVTN\Z[\CKJIGQCPKE\FXGZL.

7.1.7KGDEZGKISKFDGPNKQCKQP[ZEFCZKBG\N\BDKEKOFPP[N\KKOGCKQ"[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\",N\BDKEKF.MPGMQKGDEZGFKISKOCKQP[ZEFCZKBG\MZDGNJGZ

NCKQF\BDKEKO[KYGPG.

7.1.8F\BDKENBKFKFFCTNKO[NFREN"Q.FOKTPEGNZ[G\GN\VTGN,N\IHGYF

GNVK\GIBGNONBNPKPG[,GFMGNNVKFMNNKO[KYCTFDGUFPGCKN.

7.1.9CPTCZNPTPE[N\BDKENBKIGNGTNF\BDKEFIE[\[NGPKOCDKQFTCZ

)F\IKKCGKG\,HMGKG\TGCEKOGMKG"C(.

7.2PCRFIJKC\K

CT[GZKOFBIZGRKOFNLGFXJCZFKETFZVGBK,GPYXGTFZVGBFRT[FP\GIMOGPGZMC

KG\Z,T[KZCJMRGNGDKG\P\YEPG\GCKMGNG\BCIGQGJKVGN.F\V\IGKG\BNFFCKBG

NF\CSSG\Q[NF\PIGKG\ZCG\GPDGGRG\,FPCKBG\NKEKCKJGKB\FIKEG[KO,B\FKET,

B\FKMGNG\GB\FYKEPFC\IGPKOBNF.

ZGVBKOZCKOP\PIKOCKG\ZPF\PIG\BI\{F\PIG\=TN.MVGTNKGXB,DO

FPINYG\F\VXNGNDGVKOIE[KO:KIKEG\,PZMHKO,PMGRKOGPTCEG\.FDGVKOFIE[KO

[RGXZGINYOBUT\KZMGIBEO,GTGSYKOCFOCTKYZCPYXGT=FTN[P\PIKOCG,

M[FY[ZTOFPYXGTFZB[KCPYZKOPSGKPKOFGNLGP\ZGVU.

VKXGNHFFCKBNML,[CC\KIGNKOZCKOTNFPRFNNTCGETOT[ZG\PRFNKO,GYKKOYG[K

NYKKOFNKMKPKRFN,VKYGIGCYZFCZPFFGNP\GSCKZF.FXGZLC[KVGZPGJ\F[NKJF

[NPRFNCK\FIGNKOFGMZTNKEKFZGCFPMZKT[NFTGSYKOCPTZM\FCZKBG\.

FMGGRFFKBNBV[ZKG\ZBGJGRGPKFRKFGNK\PYXGTK\CEKSKVNKRG\F[GRG\,BLCFC[TF

NBDEB\FEKSKVNKRG\[K[NFQHKYFP[G\V\{KIKEG\,[KZG\KOGPINYG\{

CPSDZG\ZICG\GDEGNG\KG\ZMEKNIHYB\F[KZG\FRK\QNPJGVNKOGNKKTNBG\G.[KRGK

HF[NPKSGEIJKCG\ZVGBKG\ZBGK[KCGXT\GLPKSGEPCRFFKZZMKCZGZKG\ZCKQPRFNK

FIJKCG\GPRFNCKF"IGCKQPRFNKFIJKCG\GFDGVKOFPZMKCKOB\FIJKCF.

MCZCEGIGTE\R\RKFGHGFG[RKPZMKCKOTKYZKKOFRIGXKONRKFGNBVYJKCKKG\Z[NC\K

FIGNKO:

.PTCZNPCRFIJKC\K[KBV[ZNKXGZEZDCKRKKOCRKFGNC\KFIGNKOFDEGNKO,NGGS\

P[BCKONVKFXZMKO,NCRG\PSDZG\BVYJKCKG\KG\ZNF\PIG\,NF\RSG\,

NFT[ZFGNVK\GIFPIYZFZVGBK.

.ZGJXKG\C\VYKEKPRFNKFPINYG\.

FSKCG\[FCKBGB\PZCK\FDGZPKONFMKZCI[KCG\FPCRFFIJKC\K:

.FXGZLC[KVGZ\FNKMKYCN\FFINJG\CBPXTG\[KNGCPRFNKFIJKCG\G/BG

FEZDKOFPYXGTKKOFCMKZKOCRKFGNF[GJU[NCK\FIGNKO.

.FXGZLC[KVGZFRKFGNFZVGBKGFBEPKRKSJZJKCKGKKTGNGCBPXTG\[KRGK"PGJ\

F[NKJF"[NPRFNCK\FIGNKO.

.FKMGN\NGGS\MGIBEOCBGVQDPK[GTV"KXZMKOP[\RKO.

.FXGZLC[KVGZFM[Z\ZGVBKOC\IGPKFF\PIG\,FFGZBFGFPIYZT"KFRFD\

ZGJXKFCKQFPINYG\,FKIKEG\GF[KZG\KOFPZMKCKOB\FIJKCF,GI[KV\O

NPDGGQBSMGNG\GDK[G\YNKRKG\,\GL\KBGOG[K\GUFXGG\FZVGBKFPDGGQCFM[Z\

FP\PIKO.

.FXGZLCRKXGNKTKNKG\Z[NFP[BCKO,C\MRGQJGCKG\Z[NF[KZG\KO,[NFPIYZ

G[NVTKNGKG\BIZG\.

.FXGZLCP\QPTRFPFKZKG\ZNXZMKO[GJVKO.

ICZKFGGTEFF\Z[PGMKFRKSKGRG\N[VZB\PGJ\F[NKJF,GCTYCG\MLB\F\VYGE,

CBPXTG\KXKZ\VGRYXKG\CKRKKO[NP[RKONPRFNCK\FIGNKOBGNPRM"N,[NSDRK

PRFNKOGMKG"CNBV\ZGB\FCTKG\,BNBCPYZKONBPGTJKOBUFIPKZGB\FPXC

GCKKIGEB\BKFGGEBG\CB[ZNSPMGKG\,NMVKVGKG\GNBIZKG\[NFPRFNKOCEZDKO

F[GRKO.

FFSMPFFZICFNDCKFXGZLCFYP\IJKCG\YKCNFFMZFGCKJGKPP[KMB[ZCKGO

20.6.94RI\OFSMOYKCGXK,[XGZUBNKGRSVIFEQC\VYGEFZGVBKO.CKQF[BZRYCTG

EZDG\GYZKJZKGRKONYKEGON\VYKEPRFNBDUBGIJKCFCCK\IGNKO[CGPTN500

PKJG\.CKGO15.8.94RI\O"RSVIF[NPF"NFSMOFYKCGXKPKGO.20.6.94CSTKU1

NRSVIFF[NPFSGMO,MK"RSVIFF[NPFPFGGFINYCN\KRVZEPFFSMOFYKCGXK".

CSTKU16CRSVIFF[NPFRYCTMENYPQ:"FINP=1.1.95\GYPRFIJKCG\CMN

CK\IGNKOCQ500PKJG\MNNKG\GPTNF".

STKU16.1:"IJKCFFKBXCZ[NPINYG\,PMGRKO,[KZG\KOGKIKEG\FRPXBKOMGNO

CBG\GCK\IGNKOGFROCTNKHKYFP[G\V\BGTRKKQP[G\UCF\BON\RBKOFYKKPKO

CBG\GCK\IGNKO".

STKU16.2:"MPRFNIJKCFKKCIZPRFNPINYF/KIKEF,BGSDQPRFNPINYFCMKZ,BG

SDQPRFNPINYF[FRGCTNRKSKGQ[NNBVIG\P=3[RKOC\VYKEG".

STKU16.3:"PRFNIJKCFFGBFSPMG\CPSDZ\KIKEG\FIJKCFNRGFNKTCGEF,

NF\PIG\,NFGZBFGNPIYZGCNCE[NBK\TZCC[KYGNFET\FZVGBKNDCKFIGNF

MVZJ".

STKU16.4:"CMNPGSEZVGBKFI\GOTNFSMOYKCGXKHF,KKYCTFZMCFIJKCG\

GFPCRFFVRKPK[NFOCF\BPFNXGZMKFPGSEGCFSMP\BZDGQFZGVBKO".

STKU16.5:"PRFNFIJKCFKKCIZNYERXKF[NNBKG\ZP=4[RKO.NBIZYERXKFBI\

KGMNPRFNFIJKCFNFXKDPGTPEG\GNYERXKFRGSV\C\[R\KKOCNCE.FCIKZF\KT[F

CFXCTFI[BK\TNKEKMNFZGVBKOFYCGTKOCIJKCF".

STKU16.6:"PRFNIJKCF[SKKO\VYKEGK[GCN\VYKEGFYGEOGCNCE[KK[BZCEZDF

[BNKFFDKT.EZDFHG\FVGLNEZDFBK[K\,NBIZ3[RKO[N[FKKFCEZDF{KFKFHMBK

N\GSV\[FKKFCKQ[R[BZMPRFNIJKCFGCKQ[SKKO\VYKEG".

P[R\DNTGIKNGYKETG\CKQFXEEKOCB[ZNKK[GOSTKU16NRSVIFF[NPF,FGTCZ

FTRKKQNTE\PTYCFVGTN\PMGISTKU14NFSMOFYKCGXK.CKGO27.3.95FINKJF

GTE\FPTYCMENYPQ:

."\GYOGTEFNCEKY\RG[BFYP\PCRFIJKC\KCC\KFIGNKO[CSTKU16NRSVI

FF[NPFPKGO.15.8.94

.FS\EZG\PEKXKRK\FESF\XZUI\KP\FNRSVIFF[NPFPKGO15.8.94".

\VYKEFGGTEFFVZKJJK\FKFNEGQGNFPNKWCRG[BFMNN\IJKCG\ZVGBKG\CPCRF

FBZDGRK[NC\KFIGNKO.FGGTEFYKKPFPSVZK[KCG\,BGNONBFDKTFNSKMGO.CFKTEZ

SKMGOPIKKCVR\FFZ"KNCK\FEKQFBHGZKNTCGEF.

CK\FEKQFBHGZKNTCGEFC\NBCKC=KVG,CFINJ\GPKGO18.6.01YCTCRG[B

FZNGGRJKNTRKKRRG:

."BRGPXFKZKOMKSTKU16.5NRSVIFF[NPFCJNCFSMP\FXEEKO.K\Z

FSTKVKOFYJRKOCSTKU16[ZKZKOGYKKPKO.

.TNFXEEKONFP[KLGNRFNPG"PC\GONCCSGDKK\EZLCIKZ\PRFNFIJKCF.

CRGSU,TNFXEEKONFP[KLNRFNPG"PC\GONCCB[ZN\RBK[MZG[NPRFN

IJKCF".

TPE\FGGTEF

YKKOXGZLFGNLGDGCZCPTZM\N[KVGZPGJ\F[NKJF[NPRFNCK\FIGNKOCBPXTG\

BKIGEEKSKVNKRG\ZVGBKG\CTNG\HKYFG/BGTRKKQP[G\U.FECZKKT[FCBPXTG\PTCZ

NPCRFIJKC\K,\GLMEKPKSGEPCRFFKZZMKCZGZKG\ZCKQPRFNKFIJKCG\NCKQPRFN

CK\FIGNKO.

FRKSKGRG\NF\PGEEG\TOFPXKBG\[RMV\FTNFPTZM\CBPXTG\PSVZZC[N

VGRYXKG\CKRKKO[NSDRKPRFNKOMNNKKOG[NP[RKONPRFNKOFMNNKKONBV\ZGB\

FCTKF,GZYFIPKZGB\FVDKTFCPGJ\F[NKJF[NPRFNKC\KFIGNKO.

ICZKFGGTEFSCGZKO,MKK[NFYKOCMNCK\IGNKOIJKC\P[BCKO[\FKFPGVYE\,

CKQF[BZ,TN\IGOP[BCKBRG[,RMSKOGNGDKSJKYF,MNMNFGMSVKO,PI[GCGPKET.

CRGSUSCGZFFGGTEF,[CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,BVKNGCC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500

PKJG\,K[XGZLCIJKC\SKTGEGCPYXGTG\VZB=ZVGBKKO,[\FKKFPGVYE\TN\IGPK

FSKTGE,FVKHKG\ZVKF,FZKVGKGTKSGY,F[KZG\FSGXKBNKGTN[KVGZF[KZG\CCK\FIGNKO.

MEKNFYRG\NIJKCG\MMNNGNZB[KFIJKCG\CVZJSPMG\GBIZKG\SCGZKOICZK

FGGTEF,MKPRFNKFIJKCG\IKKCKONFGG\INYPFXGG\FRKFGNK[NCK\FIGNKO.

ZGCICZKFGGTEFCETF,MKTOFPTCZNPCRFIJKC\KK[NCJNB\MNFVGRYXKG\

FRKFGNKG\FYKKPG\{P[RKOGSDRKONPRFNKC\KFIGNKO.CPJZFNFYNTNPRFNCK\

FIGNKONF\PGEETOF[KRGKFBZDGRKFPGXTRK\QN[YGNPKRGKTGHZKONPRFNCK\FIGNKO.

BIEPPRFNKFIJKCG\KPGRFNPPNBPYGONPRFNCK\FIGNKOCT\FKTEZG.

ZGCICZKFGGTEFSCGZKO,MKK[N\\NPRFNKFIJKCG\B\FSPMGKG\F\YXKCKG\/

RKFGNKG\GB\FBIZKG\N\VYGEPINYG\,PMGRKO,[KZG\KOGKIKEG\CTNG\HKYF

P[G\V\,MGNNFTRY\FSPMG\NRFNB\MGIFBEOGNGGS\GCPSDZ\FIJKCG\[TNKFQ

KGVYEG.FTRY\SPMGKG\MBPGZ,\DZGONPT[F[FVGRYXKG\FBZDGRKG\FYKKPG\)P[RKO

GSDRKO(K\ZGYRGP\GMRQ,KPRTGMVKNG\GK\CJNFI[[NBKCFKZGKG\GNTPKPG\CSPMGKG\

GCBIZKG\.

ICZKFGGTEF,VZGV'C.ZPG\GVZGV'B.K[ZBNKPS\KKDKOPFBPGZCFPNXG\7.2.6

G=.7.2.8NET\OFXGZL[KFKGNPRM"NP[RF,SDQGMKG"C,FGBXGZLPGXEYFTGPECVRK

TXPGCPRG\YPSGDKK\FYP\FIJKCG\.EZD\OGPSVZO[NEZDKCKRKKOBNF\NGK,

MPGCQ,CFKYUFVTKNG\[NMNCK\FIGNKO.

FPCRFFIJKC\KFPGXTKDEKNB\BV[ZGKG\FYKEGO[NZGVBKO.

RKFGNFIJKCFKFKFN\YGVFYXGCFPZB[,[N5[RKO.TO\GOFYERXKF\KTZLCIKZF

[NPRFNFIJKCF.PRFNFIJKCFFKGXBKFKFZ[BKNFDK[B\PGTPEG\GNYERXKF

RGSV\.NPRFNCK\IGNKO\FKFFSPMG\NFBZKLB\MFGR\PRFNFIJKCFN[R\KKO

RGSVG\CNB[KTPGENCIKZFPIE[.MKGGQ[PRFNFIJKCFFGBINYPSDNFFRFNF,BRG

PPNKXKOMKPRFNFIJKCFKKCIZN\VYKEGNVKFMNNKOFPYGCNKONCIKZ\SDQPRFNCK\

IGNKOCMNBIEPFBZDGRKO/FPGSEG\FZVGBKKO.PGCQ[DOFPRFNKOFPZMKCKOB\

FIJKCF,MDGQPRFNKFPINYG\GFKIKEG\,KMFRGCZGJXKF[\CKBNZTRGQC[GZG\FRKFGN.

ICZKFGGTEFK.ERGQGVZGV'E.X'ZRKIGCSYKPS\KKDKOPFPNXF7.2.17NVKFPRFN

IJKCF[SKKO[\K\YGVG\MFGRFPNBG\)10[RKO(GKFKFPTGRKKQNFK[BZCPTZM\{

KK[PZGNG\RBKF[MZ[FKGNGCT\PKNGK\VYKEPRFNIJKCF.FPNX\OFKBMKPRFN

FIJKCF[SKKO[\K\YGVG\MFGRFPNBG\KFKFMBPGZHMBKNYCNTNMN[R\RKFGN

IJKCF%10P"\GSV\RKFGNIJKCF"BLCMNPYZF\GLYCKT\\YZF[N%50

PF\GSV\.

FPNXFPSVZ7.2

PCRFIJKC\K

7.2.1MNC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO[CFOKG\ZP=500PKJG\KTCZGNPCRFIJKC\K.

7.2.2CIJKCFKFKGPINYG\,PMGRKO,[KZG\KOGKIKEG\[NCK\FIGNKO,GFYZKJZKGRKO

GSGDKFIJKCG\KKYCTGC\IGOFSVXKVK,MDGQ:VRKPK\,MKZGZDK\,KNEKO,R[KO

GPKKNEG\,EKPG\GMKG"C,NVKXGZMKCK\FIGNKOGPBVKKRKG.

7.2.3CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,MGNNC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500PKJG\,\GYOIJKC\

SKTGEGPYXGTG\VZB=ZVGBKKO.IJKCFHG\FKFPGVYE\TN\IGPKFSKTGE,TN

FVKHKG\ZVKF,TNFZKVGKCTKSGY,TNF[KZG\FSGXKBNKGTN[KVGZF[KZG\CCK\

FIGNKO.

7.2.4CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,GDOCC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500PKJG\,\GYO

IJKC\P[BCKO.IJKCFHG\FKFPGVYE\TN\IGORKFGNP[BCKBRG[,RMSKO

GNGDKSJKYF,MNMNFGMSVKO,PI[GCGPKET.

7.2.5PSVZFIJKCG\[KGYPGKG\RFCPSVZFPKJG\CMNCK\IGNKOCF\BONVKZGJ

PSVZPKJG\B[VGHPSVZFIJKCG\FMGNN

0=5002

501=7003=5

701=10005=6

1001GPTNF6

7.2.6TOFPTCZNPCRFIJKC\KKCGJNGMNF\VYKEKOFRKFGNKKOFYKKPKO,GCMNNHF

SDRKPRFNKOGP[RKONPRFNCK\FIGNKO.

7.2.7PRFNCK\FIGNKOGPRFNKFIJKCG\KFKGXGG\FRKFGNFCMKZ[NCK\FIGNKO.

7.2.8CMNCK\IGNKOK[P[BIEPPRFNKFIJKCG\PPNBPYGO[NPRFNCK\FIGNKO

CT\FKTEZG.

7.2.9SPMGKG\PRFNFIJKCFFZVGBK\GBIZKG\GKMNNGB\BKMG\FJKVGN,B\ZP\

F[KZG\,B\FFGZBF,B\FM[Z\FSDNFZVGBKGB\FVTKNG\FPIYZK\,GMQB\

RKFGNF\YXKC[NFIJKCF.PRFNFIJKCFKFKFMVGUNPRFNCK\FIGNKOGBIZBK

NT[KKFGN\GXBG\.CMNPYZFIGC\PRFNFIJKCF\FKKFNGGEBMKIGNF

CPSDZ\FIJKCF,[IGPZ\PIN\GPIKKC\JKVGNTNKEKZGVBCTNPKGPRGKG\

PKGIEG\,KJGVNTNKEKFZGVBFP\BKO.

7.2.10PRFNIJKCFKKCIZCPMZHNVKFRFNKOFPYGCNKONCIKZ\SDQPRFNCK\IGNKO

CMNBIEPQFBZDGRKOBGPQFPGSEG\FZVGBKKO.

7.2.11PRFNKFPINYG\,PRFNKFKIKEG\GPRFNKFPMGRKO{NPZG\[KFKGCPSDZ\

FIJKCG\,KGSKVGNFKG\BIZBKKONBSVYJKOFPYXGTKKO[NFVGRYXKG\

[CRKFGNO.

7.2.12PRFNFIJKCF\GTRYSPMG\NRKKETE%20PSL\YRKMGIFBEO[NFIJKCF

CKQZMKCKFIJKCF,NVKFXZMKOGNVKSEZFTEKVGKG\[KKYCT.

7.2.13N\VYKEPRFNIJKCFZVGBK\KKCIZZYZGVBCTNMK[GZKORKFGNKKOGPYXGTKKO

PGMIKO,CTNRKSKGQ[NIP[[RKONVIG\MPRFNPINYF/KIKEFPYXGTK\/PMGQ

BGSDQPRFNPINYFCMKZFTGPEC\RBKOBNF.

7.2.14P[Z\PRFNFIJKCFFZVGBK\\FKFNIP[[RKO.TO\GOFYERXKFKKTZLPMZH

NP[ZF.FPRFNFKGXBKFKFZ[BKND[\NPMZHCPTPE[GGFNPGTPEKOBIZKO.

7.2.15PRFNCK\FIGNKOKFKFZ[BKNFBZKLB\MFGR\GFZB[GRF[NPRFNFIJKCF

N[R\KKORGSVG\CNKPMZH.CPYZFMHFNBKGMNPRFNFIJKCFNFXKDB\

PGTPEG\GNYERXKFRGSV\PTCZN[CT[RKO.

7.2.16PRFNIJKCFKFKFHMBKN\GSV\[MZ[YNK\)"\GSV\RKFGNIJKCF"([\FKF

VRSKGRK\.ZP\F\KYCTCPSDZ\FFSMOCKQFPTSKYKOGFZ"K,GFKBNB\[P[

CSKSNZMKCKF[MZFBIZKO.CPYZF[NIKNGYKETG\CKQFXEEKONDCKDGCF

F\GSV\,FFMZTF\GTCZNCGZZMVK[RYCTCFSMOFYKCGXK.

7.2.17PRFNIJKCF[SKKO\YGV\MFGRFBI\,KK[PZGNG\RBKFFTSYF[FKGNGTZC

PKRGKGN\VYKEHF,GCRGSUKFKFHMBKNFP[KLGNYCNB\\GSV\FRKFGN

FIJKC\K\C[KTGZ[N%10TNMN[RFC\VYKEPRFNIJKCF.PRFNIJKCF

[SKKO[\K\YGVG\MFGRFPNBG\)10[RKO(GKFKFPTGRKKQNFK[BZCPTZM\{

KK[PZGNG\RBKF[MZ[FKGNGCT\PKNGK\VYKEPRFNIJKCF.

7.2.18PGPNWNXEEKONCIGQB\FBV[ZG\NFTSKYB\PRFNKFIJKCG\CPSDZ\[N

IGHKOBK[KKOPNBKOBGPGDCNKO,N\YGVF[CFFOPPNBKOB\F\VYKE.

7.3PTZLF\YKRFCC\KFIGNKO

FSMPKFTCGEFPXPKEKOB\PSVZF\YRKO[NFZGVBKOCC\KFIGNKONPSVZFPKJG\

GMQNPSVZFCKYGZKOCPZVBG\GNPSVZFJKVGNKOCB[VGHKKGONSGDKFO.FSEZKOBNF

RYCTGGFGSEZGCFSMPKOYKCGXKKOP[R\1976,TNCSKSTCGE\GTE\P[RFNRG[B

\YRKON[KVGZF[KZG\.C[R\1983YCTFCGZZ,PZPRIODGNECZD,PRDRGQNTEMGQ

F\YKRFCC\KFIGNKO.RZBFBVGBMKNPSVZFPKJG\CPINYFGCCK\FIGNKO\VYKE

PV\ICFKYUF\YRKO[NZGVBKOCC\KFIGNKO.

PSVZFPKJG\CC\KFIGNKORGCTPFFKSJGZKF[NMNBIEPC\KFIGNKOGPQ

FF\V\IGKG\,MVK[BG[ZGTNKEKFRFNG\C\KFIGNKOGFRFNG\DGVK=FTN[BNKFO

P[\KKMKOC\KFIGNKO{P[ZEFCZKBG\GYGVG\FIGNKO.N[KRGKCPSVZFPKJG\C\YQ

REZ[BK[GZP[ZEFCZKBG\.PSVZFPKJG\C\YQCMNPINYFFGBDOVGRYXKF[N

EZK[\FPGTXFFPETK\[NFZ"K,[NVKFREZ[PSVZPKRKPNK[NPKJG\MEK[PINYF

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3.2 2.5 539,2 25=34

4.3 2.6 561,2 35=44

6.2 3.8 486,3 45=54

9.5 6.5 327,3 55=64

12.2 10.3 988,3 65=74

12.5 12.1 260,2 75=84

10.0 6.9 426 +85

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0.7 0.7 774 5=14

1.2 0.8 876 15=24

3.4 0.8 880,1 25=34

2.6 1.5 520,1 35=44

3.5 1.6 781,1 45=54

3.5 2.5 247,1 55=64

4.0 3.9 391,1 65=74

3.1 2.8 542 75=84

3.5 2.5 151 +85

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3.0 100.0 BKZNRE

19.8 100.0 BZF"C

1.3 100.0 CNDKF

3.2 100.0 DZPRKF

1.8 100.0 ERPZY

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13.1 100.0 X'MKF

5.5 100.0 XZV\

11.7 100.0 YREF

0.9 100.0 [GGEKF

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NFNQXKJGJPEGI[NPETRKOZB[KKOCP[ZEKFPP[NFN[R\2001,[FGD[NGTE\

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NZGGI\FXKCGZCRG[BKCZKBG\GBKMG\FSCKCFPXGKCK[ZBNCKZKEF\NGNF.C[R\2001

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