ועדת אמוראי 2002.pdf

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EKQGI[CGQ

FGGTEFNCIKR\FZVGBFFXKCGZK\GPTPEFZGVBCF

\NBCKC,\[S"D{2002

\GMQFTRKKRKO

INYZB[GQ:

M\CPKRGK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11=9

B.TCGE\FGGTEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15=13

C.V\IECZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24=16

INY[RK:ZKMGHFFPNXG\

.1YCKT\TNG\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\GBGVQTEMGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28=27

.2PYGZG\FPKPGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

.3FYXB\FPKPGQNYGVG\FIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

.4CIKZ\ZGVBCPTZM\FXKCGZK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40=31

.5\GMRKG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45=41

.6EVGSKF\I[CRG\CPTZM\FCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

.7PTPE,PCRFGBZDGQPIE[[NCK\FIGNKOFXKCGZK

7.1\KBDGEC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

7.2PCRFIJKC\K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50=48

7.3PTZLF\YKRFCC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

7.4FDCN\P[LFMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\GKIKEG\. . . . . . . . . .51=50

7.5PYXGTG\CPXGYF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

7.6PINYG\PGMZG\NF\PIG\,F\PIGKG\GPGPIKO. . . . . . . . . .52

.8FCJI\BKMG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54=53

.9ZVGBFXKCGZK\CYFKNF

9.1YKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56=55

9.2ZVGBFZB[GRK\CYFKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58=56

9.3ZVGBFPYXGTK\CYFKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

.10PCRFFTSYFG[MZFZGVBKOCPTZM\FXKCGZK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . .61=59

.11RKFGNSKMGRKOGZ[NRG\ZVGBK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

.12CIKRG\DPZBIKEG\GZK[GO\YGV\K[NZGVBKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

.13PIYZZVGBK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

.14PI[GCBZXK[NFZ[GPFFZVGBK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

INY[NK[K:R\GRKO,FDEZG\,PBVKKRKO,F\V\IGKG\CPDHZFZVGBFGCPYZKOPSGKPKOCF[GGBFCKRNBGPK\

B.R\GRKORCIZKON[RKO.2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70=69

C.FDEZG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73=71

D.P[YFCZKBG\PFFKCJFNBGPK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77=74

E.PBVKKRKOKKIGEKKO[NP[YFCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80=78

F.DGZPKOFP[VKTKOTNFFGXBFNCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84=81

G.FZVGBFFPGEZRK\GPTPEFZGVB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90=85

H.FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95=91

I.PTZM\FCZKBG\CVZSVYJKCFCKRNBGPK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97-96

J.FDGVKOFTKYZKKOFVGTNKOCP[YFCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100=98

K.IGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104=101

KB.ZP\FCZKBG\CK[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108=105

KC.P[BCKBRG[C[KZG\KFCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112-109

KD.PTZM\C\KFIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120=113

INYZCKTK:ZYT,GFSCZKONFPNXG\

.1YCKT\TNG\FSNFXKCGZKGBGVQTEMGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131=123

.2PYGZG\FPKPGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141=132

.3FYXB\FPKPGQNYGVG\FIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145=142

.4CIKZ\ZGVBCPTZM\FXKCGZK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171=146

.5\GMRKG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKO[NYGVG\FIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . .183=172

.6EVGSKF\I[CRG\CPTZM\FCZKBG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188=184

.7PTPE,PCRFGBZDGQPIE[[NCK\FIGNKOFXKCGZK

7.1\KBDGEC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197=189

7.2PCRFIJKC\K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203=198

7.3PTZLF\YKRFCC\KFIGNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206=204

7.4FDCN\P[LFMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\GKIKEG\. . . . . . . . . .208=207

7.5PYXGTG\CPXGYF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211=209

7.6PINYG\PGMZG\NF\PIG\,F\PIGKG\GPGPIKO. . . . . . . . . .214=212

.8FCJI\BKMG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218=215


9.1YKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224=219

9.2ZVGBFZB[GRK\CYFKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231=225

9.3ZVGBFPYXGTK\/KGTX\CYFKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236=232

.10PCRFFTSYFG[MZFZGVBKOCPTZM\FXKCGZK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . .250=237

.11RKFGNSKMGRKOGZ[NRG\PYXGTK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254=251

.12CIKRG\DPZBIKEG\GZK[GO\YGV\K[NZGVBKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257=255

.13PIYZZVGBK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261=258

.14PI[GCBZXK[NFZ[GPFFZVGBK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264=262

M\CPKRGK

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Prime Minister

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17CEXPCZ2000

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4.1.3CCK\FIGNKOKKCIZGFIGNFBGP[VI\G,BOFOPTGRKRKO,B\FZGVB

FPJVN.

CK\FIGNKOKGEKTNIGNFTN\GZGGBUKCKBNKEKT\GINGVG\BV[ZKG\GPKET

ZNGGRJKRGSU,P\GL[KYGNKOFY[GZKONCZKBG\G.

4.1.4CK\FIGNKOKEGGINYGVFTNVRKK\G[NFIGNFGTNZK[GPGNJKVGNCCK\

FIGNKO.

4.1.5YGV\FIGNKO\GMNDOFKBNKKTWNPJGVNCECZINGVG\,CKKIGECFY[Z

NPXCGFZVGBK,BLC[GOVRKOBKRFZ[BK\NCJNB\CIKZ\FIGNFBG

P[VI\GCZGVB.

4.1.6TOCKXGTFJKVGNFPCGY[KTCKZGYGV\FIGNKOB\F\[NGONCK\FIGNKO

MVK[KKYCTCKRONCKQCK\FIGNKO.CMNPYZFDGCFF\[NGONBKKEGQBG

KKYCTCKQFPJGVNNCKQCK\FIGNKOBGNCKQFZGVBFPJVN.

)1(ICZKFGGTEFVZGV'B.K[ZBNK,VZGV'E.X'ZRKIGCSYKGVZGV'K.\PKZ.


4.2F\GZCCK\FIGNKOKGSEZMNFNQ:

4.2.1NMNZGVBFTGPEC\RBKOB[ZKVGZJGNFNQ)STKU4.2(\FKFFYXBF[N

\[\KG\ZVGBKG\)MDGQIEZKRK\GI(,NMNVTKNG\[KCXTCPSDZ\IC"Z.

"BIZKG\FTN"TNFVTKNGKG\F[GRG\,PCIKR\FYXB\F\[\KG\GFCYZF

FZVGBK\\FKF[NPRFNFPINYF,PRFNFIJKCFGPRFNCKF"IM[O

[FECZRT[FNDCKFVTKNG\FZDKNF.

4.2.2VTKNG\FIC"Z\GDCNTEZCTPVTKNG\FPINYF.K\Z\FVTKNG\\GYE[

NJKVGNCIGNKO[BKROCPSDZ\HG,NFGZBF,FM[Z\P\PIKO,PIYZGMG'.

4.2.3F\GZNZGVBGFYXB\FP[BCKOKGSEZGTNKEKCK\FIGNKOCF\BONMNNKO

KEGTKOGCZGZKO[KVGZSPGPZB[GKMNNGPEEKOFRK\RKONMKPG\GNCYZF

VRKPK\GXKCGZK\=IKXGRK\.

4.2.4\KBSZFYEP\\GZKOCPSDZ\IC"Z.PGYEYCKT\F\GZKOCMNCK\IGNKO

KFKFPZMHK{NNBFVZEF)VKHK\GPKI[GCK\(CKQIGNKIC"ZNCKQIGNKO

BIZKO.

4.2.5C[GOPYZF,NB\\CXTZVGBFEIGVFCPSDZ\IC"Z.IGNFB[ZKDKT

NCKF"ICBGVQEIGU,NP[NEZLIEZPKGQ,NBKGMNNCIGZCBG\GB[VGH

CPSDZ\IC"Z.TNCK\FIGNKOPGJN\FIGCFNEBGD[FZGVBFP\BKO

KJVNCG)ZBFDOSTKU4.2.7NFNQ(.

4.2.6CMNPYZF,PGTERK\GI[RYCTNIGNFB[ZCIZNFKG\PRG\ICPSDZ\

IC"Z,NBKFKFYGEONPGTE[FKFRYCTNGBKNGCIZNFKG\PRG\INNB

CIKZF.

4.2.7TNPRFNCK\FIGNKOPGJN\FIGCFNGGEBMKIGNF[IGPZ\PIN\G

PIKKC\RK\GIBGJKVGNBIZTNKEKZGVBCTNPKGPRGKG\PKGIEG\,KJGVNTN

KEKFZGVBFP\BKODOBONBCIZCPSDZ\IC"Z.PRFNCK\FIGNKOKFKF

BIZBKNGGEB[RK\GIKO,JKVGNKOGBCIGRKOPSGDMHFKCGXTGBLGZYTNVK

[KYGNKOZVGBKKO.F[KYGNFZVGBKFYNKRKKFKFF[KYGNFCNTEKNYCKT\

FXGZLCP\QJKVGNZVGBK,HFG\FPJVNGHPQP\QFJKVGN.

4.2.8KKBSZTNCK\FIGNKONKKTE[KZG\KB[VGHRVZEKO[CFOKGTRYGNPJGVNKO

[KZG\KSKTGERVZEKOGPGTEVKO\PGZ\\[NGO.NB\KR\QMNFTEVF

NPJGVNCPSDZ\IC"ZCPFNL\YGV\FB[VGHGCP[LFPTYCFZVGBK.

4.3PKPGQG\[NGPKOKCGXTGMNFNQ:

4.3.1PKPGQIC"ZCPTZM\FXKCGZK\KT[FCBPXTG\YGVG\FIGNKO.


4.3.2YKKPG\MPFBV[ZGKG\NPYGZNPKPGQ:

4.3.2.1F\YXKCFMNNK[NFPEKRF,

4.3.2.2G/BGCKJGIIGCFP\BKO,

4.3.2.3G/BGPKSGKFCKJGIFP[NKO.

ZGCFPXKTKOFXTFHGSCGZKOMKFPYGZFRMGQFGBF\YXKCFZDKN[N

FPEKRF.

4.3.3ZP\F\YXKCNIC"Z[\KYCT,\GCBNKEKCKJGKC\PIGZPIGE[GRMGQ[N

MNVTKNGKG\FB[VGHGFVTKNGKG\FBPCGNJGZKG\TNKFQK[NIC"ZF[VTF

MDGQPIKZKGOB[VGH,\TZKVKOEKVZRXKBNKOGTGE.

TEBH,MFGZB\[TF,KYCT\YXKCNIC"ZTNCSKSPKETYKKOFPXGKCKEK

YGVG\FIGNKO,ICZG\FCKJGIGC\KFIGNKO.

4.3.4\[NGOCDKQ[KZG\KIC"ZKFKFZYCKQYGV\FIGNKOGCK\FIGNKO.KKBSZTN

FZGVBKOFPGTSYKOCCK\IGNKOXKCGZKNEZG[BGNYCN\[NGOBGMN

\PGZFBIZ\K[KZG\PFPJGVNBGPPCJIGCMNPSDZ\[FKB.

4.3.5BOIGV[FCIKZFCZGVBKKR\QNMNCPSDZ\F\YXKCFXKCGZKMVK[PGXT

CPSDZ\FIC"Z,BHKFSEZHFPKK\ZB\CIKZ\FZGVBCCKJGIKO

FP[NKPKO[NYGVG\FIGNKO.NMQ,CF\BO,ZGCFPXKTKOFXTFHG

PPNKXKONFGZKEPVZPKK\FCKJGIFP[NKOB\FPZMKC[NCIKZ\ZGVB.

4.4PTPEFZGVBGF\[NGONGKFKGMNFNQ:

4.4.1MNZGVBPGPIFFTGCECP[ZFPNBFCPTZM\FB[VGHFXKCGZK\KGMN

NFKG\"RCIZ"TNKEKFXKCGZ.

4.4.2ZGVBFTGCEC"PTZM\FXKCGZK\"GPXJZUNFSEZIC"Z,NBKTCGECMN

PTZM\BIZ\[BKRFPGDEZ\MXKCGZK\GKGTSYBLGZYCPSDZ\CFFGB

TGCE.FZGVBKFKFZ[BKNTCGECPSDZ\XKCGZK\BIZ\ZYCZ[G\CK\

FIGNKOCGFGBTGCE.

4.4.3FZGVBFPJVNCPSDZ\IC"ZKYCN\[NGOPCK\FIGNKOCNCEC\NG[

RVZE,CEGPFNPYGCNFKGOC"\BDKEKO".CYCKT\F\[NGOKKNYIGCI[CGQ:

4.4.3.1PSVZFVTGNG\[CGXTGCVGTNTNKEKFZGVBNVKCIKZ\FXKCGZ.

4.4.3.2ZP\FCKYG[NZGVB.MNGPZ,PRFNCK\FIGNKOKFKFZ[BKNYCGT

"FKZBZMKF"CKQFZGVBKO,[\\CJBC[MZO.


4.4.4NZGVBFPJVNCPSDZ\IC"Z\FKKF\YZ\[MZCDGCF[NTEVK[[

P[MZGCCK\FIGNKO.C\YZF[MZHGKIG[CGFFMRSG\PMNSGDKFVTKNG\

CCK\FIGNKO,NZCG\SSKG\,YKXGZ\GZKO,VTKNG\C\BDKEKCZKBG\IC"Z

GMG'.

YKKP\BV[ZG\NFDCKNB\MPG\FZGVBKOFPGPIKOB[ZKG\ZNFONYCN

TEVK[[P[MZOCCK\FIGNKO,CF\BPFNBIGHKOFPVGZJKOC\YRGQ

\BDKEKFCZKBG\)ZBF4.5.2NFNQ(.

4.5CK\FIGNKOKBGZDQMNFNQ:

4.5.1CPSDZ\BZDGQC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOM\BDKEKO)ZBFFPNXF7.1(\CGJN

CFEZDFFFVZEFFYKKP\FKGOCKQPTZMG\/"\BDKEKO"/YZRG\PIYZ

NPKRKFQNCKQPTZM\FB[VGHCPKPGQXKCGZKNMNBG\FVTKNG\FY[GZF

NCIKZ\ZGVB.CKJGNFFVZEFK\CXT\GLYCKT\FSEZKOP\BKPKOGNNB

VDKTFCZGVBKO[TCEGCDGVKOBNFTEFVSY\VTKNG\O.

4.5.2RK\QNBPWCXGZFPGSEZ\,NJGC\FPTZM\FPGXT\,\YRG\ZNGGRJKG\

FPVGZJG\C\YRG\F"\BDKEKO"CTKYZCRG[BPTPEFZGVBGF\[NGONG.

4.5.3PTPEO[NC\KFIGNKOCKZG[NKOFPYKKPKO[Z"VMKGOKKYCT\GL\YGV\

PTCZ[N[NG[[RKO.C\KIGNKOBNFKVTNGC\YGV\PTCZHGMVK

[FSEZKF[Z"VPGVTNKOCFOMKGO.

4.6CYZ\FPTZM\\FKFMNFNQ:

4.6.1P[ZEFCZKBG\KPRFDGUPVYI[\VYKEGKFKFNCYZB\VTKNG\IC"Z

GNVYITNKF.PGPNWNFYKOGTEFCZB[G\BK[KG\XKCGZK\GCF[\\VG\

BR[KPYXGTP\IGPKFZVGBF,FMNMNF,FI[CGRBG\GFP[VJKO.

4.6.2TNVKFRIKG\DGUHF,KMKQMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,NZCG\C\K"ICKZG[NKO

CFOP\YKKO[Z"V,EG"I\YGV\KPVGZJMN[NG[FIGE[KOGEG"I[R\K

TNMNVTKNG\IC"Z[CGXTFCPSDZ\G.FEG"IKMNGN,CKQF[BZ,R\GRKO

P[GGKOCKQIGNFFPJGVNCPSDZ\IC"ZNCKQIGNFFPJGVNCPSDZ\

FXKCGZK\,[N[RKFOBG\FBCIRF,CRG[BKOFCBKO:HPRKFP\RFNRK\GIKO;

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FMZGMG\CFVTN\FIC"ZGTNTPKE\O[NCKF"I,FPINYFGFZGVB

FPCXTCMNFMNNKO.


4.6.3CPYZF[FPPXBKOKGMKIGMK\RBKFFSEZNBPGNBG,\FKFNDGUFPVYI

SPMG\NCJNB\FFZ[BF[RK\RFNFVTN\IC"ZBGNF\NG\B\FP[L

FKK[GONCK\IGNKO,NPINYFBGNZGVBPSGKON\YGVF[\KYCT.BO

KGINJTNRYKJ\XTEKORDEZGVBPSGKO,FGBNBKGMNNFKG\PGTSY

CPSDZ\IC"ZCPTZM\FXKCGZK\MGNF.

4.6.4VTKNG\FIC"Z\KCIQPIE[MTCGZ[NG[[RKO.

4.7CIKZ\ZGVB[NBCPKPGQFYGVG\:

4.7.1MN\G[CKFKFZ[BKNZMG[DOCKJGIPSIZK,[NBCBPXTG\YGVG\

FIGNKO,NXGZLCIKZ\ZGVBCPTZM\FVZJK\,MPYGCNMKGO.

4.7.2MN\G[CKFKFZ[BKN[NODOC\[NGOK[KZPMKSGTCGZMNJKVGNMIGY

CPTZM\FVZJK\.

4.7.3CIKZ\ZGVBCBPXTG\CKJGIPSIZKBGCBPXTG\\[NGOK[KZNB

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4.7.4C\KFIGNKOCKZG[NKOKP[KMGCFSEZFYKKOFKGO)ZBFSTKU4.5.3NTKN(.


FPNXF4D'{)FPNXFKIKE()1(

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4.1FSEZ[Z"VKGRFDCPSVZPGDCN[NC\KIGNKOVZJKKOGKGVTNCPSDZ\PCRKO

[KGXPEGNC\KIGNKOXKCGZKKOMNNKKORCIZKOCBHGZKFBZWF[GRKO.MPYGCNFKGO,

FZK[GKGFVKYGITNC\KIGNKOBNFKFKGCBIZKG\P[ZEFCZKBG\.

NXGZLHF,KGYPGCXPKEG\NC\KFIGNKOFRCIZKO)C\KIGNKOPP[N\KKO/TKZGRKKO

MNNKKOXKCGZKKOGC\KIGNKO[N"[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\"(PCRKOPKGIEKOBG

NIKNGVKQK[MKZGC\KFIGNKOFMNNKKOFXKCGZKKOPCRKOB[ZFO)MPGDOFPCRKO

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4.2C\KFIGNKOFVZJKKO[KGZ[GNTSGYC[Z"VKVTNGCPSDZ\ICZG\TSYKG\=V-

ZJKG\GCBPXTG\PKPGQVZJK.MNFF[YTG\FREZ[G\{YZYT,PCRKO,XKGE

ZVGBKGMNNKGMKG"C,KCGXTGPPYGZG\PKPGQVZJKKOCNCE.

4.3KKBSZTNDGVKOXKCGZKKO,GCMNNOC\KFIGNKOFMNNKKOFXKCGZKKOGYGVG\FIGNKO

NFKG\CTNKPRKG\BG[G\VKOCICZG\BNG.BKSGZHFKIGNDOTNMNFZGVBKO

FPGTSYKOCPTZM\FCZKBG\FXKCGZK\.

4.4CC\KIGNKOEGDP\C\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOFMNNKKOCKZG[NKO,[CFOYKKOMKGO

FSEZ[N[KZG\ZVGBKVZJKRK\QKFKFNFP[KLB\FFSEZKOFYKKPKO,GHB\

CF\I[CCPTPEOFP[VJKF[GRFPC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOFMNNKKO[NFPEKRF

G[N"[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\".

4.5KGZ[GNTSGYC[Z"VMNZGVBKC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOFMNNKKOPZP\PGPIF

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B\BK[GZFRFN\CK\FIGNKO,GC\RBK[FOPGTSYKOCP[ZFPNBFCCK\FIGNKO

CP[LIPK[FKPKOC[CGT.FBK[GZKOKKR\RGN\YGVFYXGCF[NNBKG\ZP[N[

[RKO.

4.6ZGVB[CIZNFKMNNCFSEZF[Z"V,K\IKKCNCXTVTKNG\HGBLGZYCKGOFIGV[K

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MNVTKNG\CCK\FIGNKOFVZJKCIP[\KPKFTCGEFFZDKNKOCCK\FIGNKOFXKCGZK

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CCK\FIGNKOFXKCGZK)NZCG\MGRRGKG\(.

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4.7F[MZTCGZFTRY\[KZG\KF[Z"VK[GNONZGVBTNKEKCK\FIGNKOFVZJKCNCE,

GKKBSZTNKGNYCN\[NGOMN[FGK[KZG\PFPJGVN.

4.8JGVS17{KFGGFINYPF\[NGONCK\FIGNKOFVZJK.K\Z\F\[NGO\CGXTTN

KEKICZG\CKJGIBGK[KZG\TNKEKFPJGVN.F\[NGPKOKCGXTGTNKEKFICZG\

FPCJIG\G/BGFPJGVNKOK[KZG\NP[ZECK\FIGNKOFVZJK.


FPNXFPSVZ5B'

\GMRKG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKO[NYGVG\FIGNKO

5.1VGNKSG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKOK\GYRGGKRGSIGCBGVQ[KFKFPGCQNXKCGZFZIC.

5.2VGNKSG\CKJGICZKBG\P[NKOKFKGR\GRG\NVKYGIFPVYITNFCKJGICP[ZE

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.

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5.3MN[KRGKBGTEMGQC\RBKFVGNKSFKGCBBI\N[RFNKEKT\FPCGJIKO.

5.4VGNKSG\FCKJGIFP[NKOKMNNGPKPGQHMG\NCIKZ\ZGVBCMNC\KFIGNKO

FXKCGZKKO)2(

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FPNXFPSVZ5C'{)FPNX\KIKE()1(


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5.2CKJGIFIGCFK[P[NPKPGQ"[KZG\KZVGBFPGTEVKO")[Z"P(C\IGPKZVGBFBG

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5.3[Z"PKKR\RGCPSVZPGDEZ[N"SNKOPGTEVKO",MT[ZFCPSVZ,B[ZKGTPEG

NCIKZ\FXKCGZTNKEKYGVG\FIGNKOGICZG\FCKJGI.

5.4\G[CKGMNNCIGZ"SNKOPGTEVKO",NNB\NG\CYGV\FIGNKOCFCIZNXGZL

FSVY\FSNFCSKSKBGNFSVY\SNPGTEUPSGKO.

5.5NXECKJGIFIGCFKFKGCKJGIKCZKBG\GGNGRJBZKKO[KKR\RGTNKEKPCJIKOPSIZKKO

CNCE.BNFK[P[GNPJZG\FCBG\:

5.5.1CKJGI[KZG\KOGPGXZKO[BKROMNGNKOCPSDZ\FSNFCSKSKG[Z"PMVK

[KGDEZG.

5.5.2CKJGISNKOPGDEZKOPIGWNYGVG\FIGNKO,CVKYGIFPPGRFTNFCKJGI.

[KZG\KZVGBFPGTEVKO

5.6P[ZEFCZKBG\,C[K\GUP[ZEKFBGXZGFTCGEFGFZGGIF,KDEKZB\\IGPKFZVGBF

CFOKKR\RG[Z"P.NVKFXGZL,KGDEZG[RK\IGPKORGSVKOTNKEKMNYGVFBGICZ\

CKJGINVKCIKZ\F.

5.7MNYGVFBGICZ\CKJGI\XKT[Z"PCSNKOPGTEVKO[KMNNG[KZG\KO)NZCG\

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GMG'(,VSKMG\ZBVKFGBIZKO,MVK[KKYCTG.

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5.8MNYGVFBGPCJIKFKGIKKCKONFCJKI[\G[CPCGJINTRKKQ[KZG\KFIGCF

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5.10PP[NFNB\TCKZC[GOPYZF[KZG\KOPFSNFCSKSKN[Z"P.

5.11FHMBG\FXKCGZK\C"SNFCSKSK"\GZICZYTNKEKFTCZ\[KZG\KO)NBJMRGNGDKG\

IE[G\,NZCG\\ZGVG\N[KZG\KOYKKPKOCSN(PF[Z"PN"SNFCSKSK",NNB[KRGK

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CKJGIFIGCF.

5.12CKJGIKOGGNGRJZKKOP[NKPKONSNCCKJGIIGCFB[ZFGZMCTNKEKYGV\FIGNKO,

KT[GC[K\GUCKQYGV\FIGNKOGFPCJIFPSIZKMVK[PVGZJCFPNXF4C'STKU

.4.3

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5.13EPKCKJGIFIGCF{NPTJVZPKFTCGZCIKZ\ZGVBBO\FKFMHG{KKYCTG

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TNZP\FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\.

5.14EPKFCKJGIF[GRKOKTGEMRGCF\BONPEEFPIKZKO[KYCTMPVGZJCFPNXF.1.1

5.15FPP[NFNB\TNFB\EPKCKJGIFIGCFNVRK[\DEKNB\FPYGZG\FBIZKO

NPKPGQFHMBG\FXKCGZK\CBPXTG\\YXKCFPEKRFG"PSFCZKBG\".MPGMQNB

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FPYGZG\FBIZKON\YGVFR\GRF.

5.16FPP[NF\[NOB\EPKFCKJGICDKQFHMBKONFCJI\FMRSF,NVKFSEZTO

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5.17EPKFCKJGIKOFP[NKPKOFPSIZKKOKKYCTGTNKEKFPP[NF,CVKYGIFPPGRFTN

FCKJGI.

5.18CF\BONBGVQDKGSFMSVKOGFYXB\OGPKE\IGV[FCIKZF[RK\QN\\NXKCGZ

CXGZFKTKNF,KKDCGEPKCKJGIFIGCFTNKEKFPGSENCKJGINBGPK,CPYCKN

NPTZM\FYKKP\,BGK[KZG\TNKEKYGVG\FIGNKOGICZG\FCKJGI.CPYZFF[RK,

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IGV[CIKZFPZCKNXKCGZ.

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5.20SVY\FSNKO\T[FCFSEZKOCKQYGVG\IGNKOGPCJIKOPSIZKKONCKQSVYK

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5.21PJCTO[NFSNKOFPGTEVKO,SVY[NSNCSKSKBKRGKMGNNSVY[KZG\KSN

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FPVTKNKO[KZG\KOCSNFPGTEUCPSDZG\TXPBKG\PGDEZG\BKRORI[CKO

MSVYKONXGZLTRKKQHF.)1(

)1(YGV\IGNKOGBUPCJIFONTRKKQHFPBZDRKGPRFNKXZKM\[KZG\KOB[ZKMGNKONSVY[KZG\KOBO

TRKKROCML.


5.22SVY[KZG\CSNPGTEUFPSVY[KZG\KOPGTEVKONBG\GPCGJIGCRKCK\GCDKQ

CKJGIFIGCFGDOCDKQCKJGIPSIZKGGNGRJBZK,NP[NZGVB[KRKKOFP[Z\KNEKO

CPSDZ\FZB[GRFGFGZKOCPSDZ\F[RKKF,K\I[CQZYTODGZOBIE,FYGVFBG

FPCJI,B[ZK\I[CRGNBIZPMQCKRO.


FPNXFPSVZ6

EVGSKF\I[CRG\CPTZM\FCZKBG\

.6FGGTEFPPNKXFTNFYP\Z[G\PYXGTK\GCN\K\NGKF,[CZB[F\TPGEBK[KG\

XKCGZK\,GICZKFKFKGBR[KPYXGTP\IGPKFZVGBF,FMNMNF,FI[CGRBG\

GFP[VJKO.

\VYKEFZ[G\KFKFNEBGDN\PIGZZKBNK[N\TZKVKC\KFIGNKOGPZVBG\FIGW,

NYCGTB\BGVKFF\Y[ZG\GB\EVGSKFF\Y[ZG\CKQFDGZPKOF[GRKOFVTKNKO

CPTZM\FCZKBG\GN[P[DODGZOPVYIGPGGS\.

\VYKEKFZ[G\FPYXGTK\KFKG,CKQF[BZ:

&NFGG\DGUYCGTGCN\K\NGKNVKYGI,NCIKRFGNTEMGQ[GJU[N\TZKVK[KZG\KC\K

FIGNKOGPZVBG\FIGWTNCSKS\PIGZPIE[[NMNNF[KZG\KO)ZBFFPNXF

9.3.3(.

&NV\IPGENKO[NF\Y[ZG\[CPZMHOJGC\FPCGJI,G[RG\RKOCKJGKPNB

NINGY\FSKMGQCKQFYGVG\NC\KFIGNKOPIEDKSBGNPRKT\MVN[KZG\KOPBKEL

DKSB)CMNNHF\KCIQDO[KJ\F=Capping(P\GLPDPFNFDCZ\FKTKNG\.

&NTGEEF\Y[ZGKG\[KG[\\GTNFSMPKOBZGMKJGGIG[KKXZGHKYFCKQ\[GPG\

N\VGYG\.

&FZ[G\\KYCTMNNKONDCKBGVKFF\Y[ZG\GEVGSKF.


FPNXFPSVZ7

PTPE,PCRFGBZDGQPIE[[NCK\FIGNKO

7.1\KBDGEC\KFIGNKO

7.1.1C\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGC\KFIGNKO[N[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\KGTCZG

NPTPE[N\BDKEKOTXPBKKO[NBNPJZG\ZGGI.

7.1.2\BDKEKFCZKBG\FYKKPKO)"YZRG\FPIYZ"(K[GNCGCC\KFIGNKO

FPP[N\KKO,[KFKGCPTPE[N\BDKEKOTXPBKKO,MBPGZNTKN.

7.1.3MEKNPRGTTKMGCKOCFNKLF\KBDGE,PGPNW[C[NCPYEKOKGTCZGC\K

FIGNKOFPP[N\KKONPTPE[NICZG\PP[N\KG\.

7.1.4KGYOPRDRGQCN\K\NGKNPKRGKEKZYJGZKOCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO.BV[Z

NF[\P[CPGENPKRGKFEKZYJGZKOCCRYKO[FKGCFSEZ,BGCP\MGR\

"FGGTEFNCEKY\PKRGKKO~\KYGQ:\[R"D|,STKU60BVZYD')FEKZYJGZ(

NIGYZ[G\FICZG\FPP[N\KG\";

7.1.5PSVZICZKFEKZYJGZKGQCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGCC\KFIGNKO[N

"[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\"NBKTNFTN7,GKFKFCGZGCNRXKDKXKCGZ.KG"Z

FEKZYJGZKGQKPGRFPYZCRXKDKFXKCGZ.

7.1.6PKENBIZVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF\PRFFPP[NFDGUPGCKN,[KGZMC

PRXKDKFPP[NFGPRXKDK[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\.FDGUFPGCKNKZMHB\FNKL

F\KBDGE,KRFNBG\G,KVYITNKGGKNGGFBG\GNVIG\CIP[[RG\FFVTNF

FZB[GRG\.C\IGPKBIZKG\GKKMNNGFMR\NGIHPRKOPVGZJNMN[NCK

FCKXGT,P[BGP\QTOBZDGRKFTGCEKOGYCKT\FSEZKOTPO,FXPE\

XGG\KSKGTBZDGRKKOGMNMNKKONMN\BDKEGFVTN\Z[\CKJIGQCPKE\

FXGZL.

7.1.7KGDEZGKISKFDGPNKQCKQP[ZEFCZKBG\N\BDKEKOFPP[N\KKOGCKQ"[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\",N\BDKEKF.MPGMQKGDEZGFKISKOCKQP[ZEFCZKBG\

MZDGNJGZNCKQF\BDKEKO[KYGPG.

7.1.8F\BDKENBKFKFFCTNKO[NFREN"Q.FOKTPEGNZ[G\GN\VTGN,N\IHGYF

GNVK\GIBGNONBNPKPG[,GFMGNNVKFMNNKO[KYCTFDGUFPGCKN.

7.1.9CPTCZNPTPE[N\BDKENBKIGNGTNF\BDKEFIE[\[NGPKOCDKQFTCZ

)F\IKKCGKG\,HMGKG\TGCEKOGMKG"C(.


7.2PCRFIJKC\K

7.2.1MNC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO[CFOKG\ZP=500PKJG\KTCZGNPCRFIJKC\K.

7.2.2CIJKCFKFKGPINYG\,PMGRKO,[KZG\KOGKIKEG\[NCK\FIGNKO,

GFYZKJZKGRKOGSGDKFIJKCG\KKYCTGC\IGOFSVXKVK,MDGQ:VRKPK\,

MKZGZDK\,KNEKO,R[KOGPKKNEG\,EKPG\GMKG"C,NVKXGZMKCK\FIGNKO

GPBVKKRKG.

7.2.3CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,MGNNC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500PKJG\,\GYO

IJKC\SKTGEGPYXGTG\VZB=ZVGBKKO.IJKCFHG\FKFPGVYE\TN\IGPK

FSKTGE,TNFVKHKG\ZVKF,TNFZKVGKCTKSGY,TNF[KZG\FSGXKBNKGTN

[KVGZF[KZG\CCK\FIGNKO.

7.2.4CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,GDOCC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500PKJG\,\GYO

IJKC\P[BCKO.IJKCFHG\FKFPGVYE\TN\IGORKFGNP[BCKBRG[,

RMSKOGNGDKSJKYF,MNMNFGMSVKO,PI[GCGPKET.

7.2.5PSVZFIJKCG\[KGYPGKG\RFCPSVZFPKJG\CMNCK\IGNKOCF\BO

NVKZGJFCB:

PSVZPKJG\B[VGHPSVZFIJKCG\FMGNN

0=5002

501=7003=5

701=10005=6

1001GPTNF6

7.2.6TOFPTCZNPCRFIJKC\KKCGJNGMNF\VYKEKOFRKFGNKKOFYKKPKO,GCMNN

HFSDRKPRFNKOGP[RKONPRFNCK\FIGNKO)1(

.

7.2.7PRFNCK\FIGNKOGPRFNKFIJKCG\KFKGXGG\FRKFGNFCMKZ[NCK\

FIGNKO.

7.2.8CMNCK\IGNKOK[P[BIEPPRFNKFIJKCG\PPNBPYGO[NPRFNCK\

FIGNKOCT\FKTEZG)2(

.

7.2.9SPMGKG\PRFNFIJKCFFZVGBK\GBIZKG\GKMNNGB\BKMG\FJKVGN,B\

ZP\F[KZG\,B\FFGZBF,B\FM[Z\FSDNFZVGBKGB\FVTKNG\

FPIYZK\,GMQB\RKFGNF\YXKC[NFIJKCF.

)2()1(ZBFFS\KKDG\TPGE.201


PRFNFIJKCFKFKFMVGUNPRFNCK\FIGNKOGBIZBKNT[KKFGN\GXBG\.

CMNPYZFIGC\PRFNFIJKCF\FKFNGGEBMKIGNFCPSDZ\FIJKCF,

[IGPZ\PIN\GPIKKC\JKVGNTNKEKZGVBCTNPKGPRGKG\PKGIEG\,KJGVN

TNKEKFZGVBFP\BKO.

7.2.10PRFNFIJKCFKKCIZCPMZHNVKFRFNKOFPYGCNKONCIKZ\SDQPRFNCK\

IGNKOCMNBIEPQFBZDGRKOBGPQFPGSEG\FZVGBKKO.

7.2.11PRFNKFPINYG\,PRFNKFKIKEG\GPRFNKFPMGRKO{NPZG\[KFKG

CPSDZ\FIJKC\K\,KGSKVGNFKG\BIZBKKONBSVYJKOFPYXGTKKO[N

FVGRYXKG\[CRKFGNO.

7.2.12NPRFNFIJKCF\GTRYSPMG\NRKKETE%20PSL\YRKMGIFBEO[N

FIJKCFCKQZMKCKFIJKCF,NVKFXZMKOGNVKSEZFTEKVGKG\[KKYCT.

7.2.13N\VYKEPRFNIJKCFZVGBK\KKCIZZYZGVBCTNMK[GZKORKFGNKKO

GPYXGTKKOPGMIKO,CTNRKSKGQ[NIP[[RKONVIG\MPRFNPINYF/

KIKEFPYXGTK\/PMGQBGSDQPRFNPINYFCMKZFTGPEC\RBKOBNF.

7.2.14P[Z\PRFNFIJKCF\FKFNIP[[RKO.TO\GOFYERXKFKKTZLPMZH

NP[ZF.FPRFNFKGXBKFKFZ[BKND[\NPMZHCPTPE[GGFNPGTPEKO

BIZKO.

7.2.15PRFNCK\FIGNKOKFKFZ[BKNFBZKLB\MFGR\GFZB[GRF[NPRFN

FIJKCFN[R\KKORGSVG\CNKPMZH.CPYZFMHFNBKGMNPRFNFIJKCF

NFXKDB\PGTPEG\GNYERXKFRGSV\PTCZN[CT[RKO.

7.2.16PRFNIJKCFKFKFHMBKN\GSV\[MZ[YNK\)"\GSV\RKFGNIJKCF"(

[\FKFVRSKGRK\.ZP\F\KYCTCPSDZ\FFSMOCKQFPTSKYKOGFZ"K,GFKB

NB\[P[CSKSNZMKCKF[MZFBIZKO.CPYZF[NIKNGYKETG\CKQFXEEKO

NDCKDGCFF\GSV\,FFMZTF\GTCZNCGZZMVK[RYCTCFSMOFYKCGXK.

7.2.17PRFNIJKCF[SKKO\YGV\MFGRFBI\,KK[PZGNG\RBKFFTSYF[FKGNG

TZCPKRGKGN\VYKEHF,GCRGSUKFKFHMBKNFP[KLGNYCNB\\GSV\FRKFGN

FIJKC\K\C[KTGZ[N%10TNMN[RFC\VYKEPRFNIJKCF.

PRFNIJKCF[SKKO[\K\YGVG\MFGRFPNBG\)10[RKO(GKFKFPTGRKKQ

NFK[BZCPTZM\{KK[PZGNG\RBKF[MZ[FKGNGCT\PKNGK\VYKE

PRFNIJKCF)3(

.

)3(ZBFFS\KKDG\TPGE.201


7.2.18PGPNWNXEEKONCIGQB\FBV[ZG\NFTSKYB\PRFNKFIJKCG\CPSDZ\

[NIGHKOBK[KKOPNBKOBGPGDCNKO,N\YGVF[CFFOPPNBKOB\

F\VYKE.

7.3PTZLF\YKRFCC\KFIGNKO

7.3.1KCGJNGCFEZDFFSMPKF\YKRFFPG[\\KOTNPSVZFPKJG\,GCPYCKN

KKYCTGPIE[FMNNKONP\QFMZFNPINYG\F\PIG\)ZBFSTKU7.6.1(.

7.3.2\GTRYSPMG\PKKEK\NFRFNG\C\KFIGNKONRKKECKQFIJKCG\TE%10

PSL\YRKCK\FIGNKOTNVKXGZMKFPTZM\)CFP[LNFPNXF7.2.12(.

7.3.3C\GL[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF\KTZLCEKYFPYXGTK\[NPTZL

F\YKRFCC\KIGNKOXKCGZKKO[KKCIZGMPKKXDKO.FCEKYF\\CXTTNKEK

ICZFPYXGTK\C\IGOFRES\\FNKMKOG\YKRF,[P\VYKEFKFKFNTZGL

CIKRFPYXGTK\[NFRG[B,\GL[KPG[CMNKOPYXGTKKOPYGCNKOC\IGO

HF.

7.3.4\GL[RFP\GOFCEKYFFPYXGTK\KKG[PG\GXBG\KFCC\KFIGNKO[KKCIZG

MPKKXDKONBIZFKGGTXG\TOBZDGRKFTGCEKOFRGDTKOCECZ.

7.3.5\GXBG\FKK[GOCC\KFIGNKOFPKKXDKOGFNYIKO[KGVYGP\YGV\FRKSKGQ

KTGCEGNPTZL\YKRFINGVK,[KGZICNMNNC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO.

7.3.6PTZLF\YKRFFIE[,MGNNEZMKTEMGRG,KKYCTCF\BONBGVKFXZMKO

CZPFFNBGPK\MVK[KGDEZGPT\NT\,GCF\BON[KRGKKO[KIGNGC\PFKN

FPJGVNKO,CJMRGNGDKG\IE[G\,CVZGXEGZG\ZVGBKG\GMKG"C.

7.3.7CIEZPKGQK[GCXGC\GZRGKG\VTKNG\ZGVBKOCMKZKO.\GZRGKG\VTKNG\MBNF

KFKGCDEZIGCFNPGPIKOTEDKN[KKYCTCKQFXEEKO)FPTSKYKOGFZ"K(.

FZGVBKOFCMKZKO[K[GCXGCPSDZ\HGKFKGPGPIKOCPYXGTG\FPKGQ

)VRKPK\,KNEKO,MKZGZDKFMNNK\,BGZJGVEKF,R[KOGKGNEG\(,NZCG\PGPIKO

PPYXGTG\=FTN,[K[GCXGBUFOCPSDZ\HG.

7.4FDCN\P[LFMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\GKIKEG\

7.4.1PKRGKPRFNPINYF/KIKEFKKYCTCPMZHGKG\RFCI\KPFTNIGHFFTSYF

CPSDZ\BI\CNCE.

7.4.2\GDCNFMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\/KIKEG\CCK\IGNKONYERXKF[NTE5

[RKOTOBV[ZG\NFBZMFN=5[RKORGSVG\TNKEKFFRFNF.


7.4.3PRFNPINYF/KIKEF,[SKKO\YGV\MFGRFBI\GKFKFPTGRKKQNFK[BZ

CPTZM\,KK[PZGNG\RBKF[MZMVK[FKGTZCPKRGKGNPRFNPINYF/KIKEF.

7.4.4PRFNPINYF/KIKEF,[SKKO[\K\YGVG\MFGRFPNBG\,KK[PZGNG\RBK

[MZGMVK[FKGCT\PKNGK\VYKEG)1(

.

7.5PYXGTG\CPXGYF

7.5.1KPGRFVGZGOYCGTCZB[G\P[ZEFCZKBG\GCF[\\VG\P[ZEFBGXZ

GFPGTXFFPETK\[NFZ"K.FVGZGOKDEKZPEEKOBGCKKYJKCKKONCIKR\

YKGPF[N"PXGYF"CF\PIG\ZVGBK\PSGKP\.PEEKOBNFKVGZSPG\GL

[NG[FIGE[KOPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF.

CKQFPEEKOFBV[ZKKO{\YRKONBPBGK[KOCP[L\YGV\HPQ[\KYCT

)MGNN[NPRFNKPINYG\GKIKEG\(;FKTEZCKYG[NF\PIG\SVXKVK\;

\INGVFPFKZF[NMGIBEOGMKG"C.

7.5.2MEK[FVGZGOKGMNNYCNFINJG\TNCSKSFPEEKO[RYCTG,PGPNW[\GL

IXK[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEFKGTCZGBNKGR\GRKOPTGEMRKOPQ

FDGZPKOFPGSPMKO)C\KIGNKO,YGVG\IGNKOGFZ"K(.

7.5.3FPYXGTG\,[TNCSKSFPEEKO[KKYCTGKGDEZGPT\NT\TNKEKFVGZGO

MPYXGTG\CPXGYF,KVGZSPGCZCKO,KKCIRG{MGNNFSKCG\[DZPG

NPXGYF,P\GLPJZFNDC[\GMRK\F\TZCG\[\CKBN[KVGZPFG\K

CPXC.FJKVGNCMNPYXGTKFKFCF\BONPBVKKRKGFSVXKVKKO)ZBF

FPNXF7.5.1G=10.1STKU{I'(.\GMRK\FF\TZCG\\FKFZDK[F

N[KRGKKO[K\V\IG,G\MNGNBV[ZG\NFVSKYBGN[RG\B\F\KPZGWBO

KIGNG[KRGKKOCPYXGT[FGDEZ.

7.5.4FPTYCBIZFKK[GOGBIZFVY\FNYIKOKCGXTTNKEKFVGZGOGKVGZSO

CZCKO.

7.5.5FGGTEFF\Z[PF[PYXGTG\"MKZGZDKFMNNK\","VRKPK\","VDKG\"

G"JZBGPF"FOPQFCGNJKOMKGOCPYXGTG\[FGDEZGCVRKFGGTEF

M"PYXGTG\CPXGYF",BLNGGTEFNBFKK\FBV[ZG\NCEGYCBGVQKSGEK

GPYKUB\FRG[B,CTKYZCDNNFKTEZR\GRKOPTGEMRKOGPFKPRKO.

)1(ZBFFS\KKDG\TP'.207


7.6PINYG\PGMZG\NF\PIG\,F\PIGKG\GPGPIKO

7.6.1P[ZEFCZKBG\GFPGTXFFPETK\[NFZ"KKYCTGC\GL[RFPKGOVZSGO

FPNXG\FGGTEF,RGSIFIE[FNFMZFCPINYFNXGZLP\QF\PIG\.

FRGSIF\GZMCPPEEKO[[YNGNOKYCTB\FFMZFCPINYF.FPEEKO

KGZMCGP\PFKNFIGNKOFPJGVNKO,PSGDKFJKVGNKO,P\GXBG\FJKVGNKO,

PFEZMF,PFKYVKVTKNG\,P[KPG[KOCJMRGNGDKG\GPPSVZFZGVBKO

FCMKZKO.KG[OED[PGTJTNPSVZFPKJG\.)1(

7.6.2P[ZEFCZKBG\KCXTBI\NIP[[RKOPKVGKBZXK[NFXGZLCPGPIKOTN

CSKSFKYUVTKNG\,MPG\[NMGIBEOZVGBKGSKGGDG,PYXGTG\,PINYG\,

KIKEG\GMKG"C)CZPFFNBGPK\GNBFPGSEK$,GKCKBB\FPPXBKONKEKT\

FXKCGZ.CSPMG\FP[ZEKFKFNKXGZ\PZKXKOIKGCKKOBG[NKNKKOCZP\

FPYXGTBGFPGSE,MGNNP\QFMZFG"TXPBG\"N\IGPKOIE[KO.

7.6.3P[ZEFCZKBG\C\KBGOTOFPGTXFFPETK\[NFZ"KKCIQB\P[LHPQ

FF\PIG\GB\\MRKFFRFGDKOMKGO,GKDEKZB\\GMRK\FF\PIG\

[FP\PIFKGTSYCF.)2(

7.6.4P[ZEFCZKBG\C[K\GUFRFNG\C\KFIGNKOKYKOPTZLBZDGRK,[KKXGZ

HKYFCZGZFCKQC\KIGNKOPZMHKKONC\KIGNKOFKYVKKO)VZKVZKBNKKO(.

[K\GUFVTGNFK\YKKOC\IGPKFM[Z\P\PIKOGF[\NPGKG\,GCPYZKO

PKGIEKODOC\IGOFJKVGNFZVGBK.

7.6.5KGYOPRDRGQ\DPGN,[KYNTNRK\GCP\PIKONPYXGTG\IKGRKKOTNVKXGZMK

PTZM\FCZKBG$MGNNP\QPTRFNCTKK\FRKKEG\(.

7.6.6P[ZEFCZKBG\GFPGTXFFPETK\[NFZ"KKCIRGC\GL[RFPKGOVZSGO

FPNXG\FGGTEFFMRS\[KRGKKOC\GMRKG\FM[Z\FP\PIKO,CBGVQ

[P\PIKOKKI[VGCPFNLFF\PIG\NIGNKOFPJGVNKOFKGOCYFKNF.)3(

)3()2()1(ZBFFS\KKDG\CTPGE.213


FPNXFPSVZ8

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VKYGIGCYZFCRG[B,GKFKFCTNSPMGKG\BMKVFCPYZKO[NIZKDFPFRGZPG\

[KKYCTG.

8.2P[ZEFCZKBG\KDC[\YRKOCZPFFNBGPK\GFVZJRK\,[K\KKISGNMN\IGPK

FZVGBF.FNNGK\CSSGTNRGZPG\PYXGTKG\GTNRKSKGQCBZWGCTGNO,\GLFCBF

CI[CGQ[NFP[BCKOFTGPEKONZ[G\PTZM\FCZKBG\.

NXGZLKK[GOFFPNXFP[ZEFCZKBG\KZMH\GL[RFPPGTEVZSGOFFPNXG\B\

MNFRFNKOGB\MNFFRIKG\FYKKPKOCPTZM\.FMGGRFNRG[BKO[NMGIBEO,[N

JKVGNZVGBK,[NPCRKOVKHKKOG\[\KG\G[N\YRKBKMG\,[P\I\NFOBKQNZE\

GB[ZINYOFGVXG{CKQF[BZ{CIGHZKPRM"NP[ZEFCZKBG\,CIGHZK[KZG\K

FZVGBF,CIGHZKPRFNFSKTGEGMKG"C.K[NZMHB\FRFNKOGFFRIKG\FYKKPKO,

NTEMRO,NVZSPOGNFVKXOCBGVQ[KJ\KM[FORFKZKO,HPKRKOGRDK[KO.

CPYCKNKEBDP[ZEFCZKBG\NVK\GITYZGRG\GRFNKOPYXGTKKOC\IGPKOYKKPKO

GIE[KO,TNVKSEZTEKVGKG\[KKYCT.

8.3ZBGKDO[P[ZEFCZKBG\KVZSOF\GGKG\ZVGBKG\,[KYCNGPTPEP[VJKFGNO

GB[ZKTGEMRGPT\NT\.

8.4P[ZEFCZKBG\KV\IPTZM\[\[YGETNFJPT\FRFNKOGFFRIKG\)N\IGPKFO

GNSGDKFOF[GRKO(CYZCYFKN\FTGSYKOCCZKBG\CBPXTG\IKRGL,[KRGQ,VZSGO

GFVXF,G\MNGNCYZF[GJV\TNKK[GPO.

8.5P[ZEFCZKBG\KGGEBFP[LCKXGT[NSYZK[CKTG\ZXGQ\YGV\KKO,CKQCTXPGGCKQ

TNKEKYGVG\FIGNKO,MEKNTYGCCBGVQ[GJUBIZF[KRGKKOCTPEG\FXEEKO

FY[GZKOCRG[BKFBKMG\)FQCYZCMGIFBEOFZVGBKGFQCYZCXKCGZFPCGJIKO(.

PPXBKFSYZKOKRG\IG,GKGVYGNYIKOCF\BO.

8.6TNVKSEZYEKPGKG\[KKYCT,KKHGOP[ZEFCZKBG\SYZKOP[GGKONCYZ\BKMG\

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FVTGNFR[PZKOCDGVKFPTZM\,GBOF\YRKOFREZ[KOC[KZG\KFCZKBG\R[PZKO

GP[\VZKOMNFT\.CRGSUNML,FGGTEFPKKIS\I[KCG\ZCFNCEKY\\FNKMKO

G\GXBG\[NJKVGNKOZVGBKKOYNKRKKO.


8.7\GL[NG[FIGE[KOPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEFGCFP[LNEGIF[R\KPS'46

[NPCYZFPEKRF,KCIQP[ZEFCZKBG\PIE[B\F"BPRFNYKEGOFBKMG\

C[KZG\KFCZKBG\"[RI\PFTOFZ"KCKGO.26.02.97

8.8CMNPGSEZVGBKKPGRFBIZBKTNRG[BFCJI\FBKMG\CMVKVG\K[KZFNPRFN

FPGSE.

8.9C\GL[R\KKOPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF,KXGKEMNIGNF[K[\IZZPIEZPKGQBG

PB[VGH)GCPKE\FBV[ZDOFZGVBFPVRF(,C\GL3KPKO,C"PM\C[IZGZ"

PPGI[CGPBG[ZTNKEKZGVBPGPIFGFMGNNBCIRG\GFPNXG\NFP[LJKVGN.


FPNXFPSVZ9

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9.1YKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ

9.1.1P[ZEFCZKBG\KYCTC\GL[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEFSJREZJ

PKRKPGONP\Q[KZG\KZVGBFNYKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ,\GL

IK[GCTNG\F[KZG\,NZCG\TNG\F\[\KG\.MNSVYKF[KZG\KOKKEZ[G

NTPGECEZK[\SUHG.FGGTEFPPNKXFMKSJREZJHFKVGZSOC\YRG\

GKTGEMQPT\NT\.TNVKSJREZJHFK\GMRRGPT\FGBKNLF\IRG\

NCZKBG\FP[VIFCPYGPG\KK[GCIE[KOGC[MGRG\TKZGRKG\IE[G\.

9.1.2[KZG\KCZKBG\N\NPKEKGZICGTENMK\FK"C.C\GLIXK[RFKYCTP[ZE

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9.1.3P[ZEFCZKBG\KYKOC\GLBDU[KZG\KCZKBG\FXKCGZ[CBIZKG\GDGU

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9.1.4Z[G\)1(

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9.1.4.1CPFNLF[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF,KKCIQP[ZEFCZKBG\

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FP\CDZ.

9.1.4.2DGUHFBOKYGOKVTNDOCYZCBGMNGSKK\FP\CDZKONPTQFDCZ\

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P[ZEFCZKBG\KGTCZGNKEKG,\GLYCKT\FSEZKOP\BKPKOTO

FTGCEKO.

9.1.4.4VTGNG\DGUHFKPGPRGMINYPFFYXBFFXKCGZK\NCZKBG\.

9.1.4.5FDGUFR"NKVTKN[KZG\KOCTXPG,KVTNCBPXTG\YGVG\FIGNKO,

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9.2.2MGIFBEOCPZVBG\FYFKNF:

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9.3.2[KZG\KFZVGBFFPYXGTK\CYFKNFKKR\RGTNKEKZGVBKOPGPIKOGTNKEK

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9.3.3P[ZEFCZKBG\KTZGLC\BGOTOFZ[G\FPYXGTK\)ZBFFPNXF{6(

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10.1.2\GDENFDPK[G\FRKFGNK\GF\TSGY\K\)PTCZNPCRFIJKC\K{FPNXF

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10.1.4KKYCTGMNNKOCZGZKO[KBV[ZGRKKEG\ZGVBKOGPRFNKOCKQMG\NKCK\

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PGXZIKGRKB[ZCBSVY\GEZLF[GYFVZJKTNGNKONFKGGXZM[NK[GYGCTKG\Y[G\

[NBK[GGKGQ.

NVKMLTNFPEKRFNFP[KLGNFVYKECKEKYGVG\FIGNKOB\BZDGQXZKM\F[KZG\KO

CHMBG\FXKCGZK\GB\RKFGNFBGB\BGVQBSVY\FNXKCGZ{\GL\IZG\CKRKFQ.MPG

MQK[NZBG\CC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOFMNNKKOB\FKXZQFZB[KC\IGPO,[MQFOBNF


FP[P[KOMHZGTFZB[K\[NFZVGBFFXKCGZK\,ZVGB\FIKZGO,FM[Z\EGZTGCEK

FZVGBFFT\KEKGFPIYZFZVGBK.

FTKYZGQ[XZKLNFRIG\B\YGCTKFPEKRKG\FGB{[CKTG\ZXGQ[NPZCK\FBGMNGSKKF,

\GLPKPG[FHMG\FCSKSK\[NMNVZJN[GGKGQPZCKGHB\RK\QKFKFNF[KDZYTO

PTZM\CZKBG\XKCGZK\KXKCF.


E.PBVKKRKOKKIGEKKO[NP[YFCZKBG\)M[NK[GYGBIZKO(

TRUFCZKBG\P\BVKKQCPSVZ\GVTG\PCRKG\GCM[NK[GY,FPCEKNKOGFPKKIEKOBG\G

PPDHZKOBIZKO.KKIGEKG\HGP\CJB\CF\RFDG\F[IYRKOFPZMHKKOCPTZM\,[FRF

[GRFPFG\K\PF\RFDG\FRI[C\NPYGCN\CYZCXZMRKOGSVYKOCSCKCF[N\IZG\

IGV[K\:NDGZPKFKKXGZCTRUK[F[VTFFQTNZP\FCKYG[KOGFQTNBGVQRK\GCO{

Induced demand.

PTZMG\CZKBG\CTGNOMGNGFQPTZMG\PGZMCG\GPSGCMG\,FPBGVKKRG\CRJKKFNXPKIF

CN\KPCGYZ\,CM[NK[GYFRGCTKOPPBVKKRKOKKIGEKKO[NPDHZFCZKBG\CTKYZ

C\IGPKFKET,FPKETGC[NPFG\KG\RG[BFCZKBG\CIKKFXKCGZ.M[N[GYPGDEZ

MPXC[CGPBVKKRKO[GRKO[NFXZMRKO,FSVYKOBGFPGXZKO,DGZPKOBGT[GKKO

NDZGONVTKNG\BGN\VYGEFRGDEKOB\MNNKF[GYFPYGCNKO.

NRGMIFBKNGXKOGFCTKG\FPGCRG\CP[YFCZKBG\,RK\QNZBG\CPBPXKFF\PGEEG\BG

CV\ZGRG\FPGXTKOB\F"ZTCPKTGJG",BGNK\ZEKGYCCKJGKFNGTHK{Second Best.

B.Y[KIG\FCKYG[

BIEFPBVKKRKOFKKIGEKKONPDHZFCZKBG\FGBY[KIG\FCKYG[N[KZG\FZVGBK.MB[Z

BEOPGXBB\TXPGCPXCCZKBG\KPSGMQ,FGBKFKFPGMQNCXTMNVTKNG\,GMPGCQ{

N[NOMPTJMNPIKZMEKNRSG\GN[VZB\PXCG.CPYZKOZCKO,MB[ZBEORPXB

CPXGYF/IZEF,FINJG\KGBKRQ[YGNG\GZXKGRNKG\MPGCPFNL\VYGEGFZDKN.

Y[KIG\FCKYG[N[KZG\KCZKBG\KIETOF\V\IG\\GVT\FXZMRG\FRCGRF

GF\GCTRK\,F=Consumerism,DZPGN\GSV\[KZG\KOZVGBKKO,MGNNEZK[FNFIEZ\

JMRGNGDKG\G\ZGVG\IE[G\FPZIKCG\CPYZKOZCKOB\BV[ZGKG\FJKVGN.

C.BKRVGZPXKFB=SKPJZK\

C[GY[KZG\KFCZKBG\YKKOCEZLMNNVTZDEGNCPKETCKQSVYF[KZG\)CEZLMNN

FZGVB(NCKQFXZMQ.VTZFPKETC\IGOFCZKBG\DEGNKG\ZCBGVQPGCFYPMN\IGO

BIZ[NBSVY\[KZG\KOBGPGXZKO.CZGCFPMZKT[NFPYZKOBKQNXZMQMNKON[YGN

BGNFTZKLB\\VYGEG[NFZGVB,GBKQNGDOKMGN\NFTZKLB\F\GTN\[NFJKVGN

[YKCNBG[FGXTNGN[KVGZCZKBG\G.

TNZYTFCKYG[FY[KIGFI[[[CBK=PKNGKFGZBG\FZGVB,P\TXP\KMGN\G[NFZGVB

NF[VKTTNPFG\[KZG\KFCZKBG\[FPJGVNXGZLGTNFKYVO.


FCTKFP\IHY\MB[ZYKKO[GYCKJGIK,[MQFPCGJIBKRGTZGBGNKBEK[NTNG\

FJKVGNFPGXTNG,GBHTNGNFNF\ZI[\GVT\F=``Moral Hazard'')SKMGQPGSZK(.

TXOYKGPG[NCKJGIRZICN[KZG\KCZKBG\PSKZ,NVIG\INYK\,B\FZSQPFZXGQ

NISGLCFGXBG\.FGBKNGXE[NK[K,FPCJI,FGBFRG[BCFGXBG\{BKQNIGNKOGBUNB

NZGVBKO\PZKWNFKPRTPNRXNCPNGBQB\FBV[ZGKG\NCXTBCIGRKOGJKVGNKONNB

F\I[CG\CTNGKG\KFO{\GVTFFPYCN\IKHGYNBGZF\V\IG\F=``Consumerism''

N[KZG\KCZKBG\.FCTKFKMGNFNFIZKUMB[ZF[KZG\PCGSSTNTYZGQFee for Service.

MB[ZYKKO\[NGOTCGZYCN\[KZG\)KKTGW,RK\GI,GME'(,RGXZ\PZKWFQNCK\FIGNKO

GFQNZGVBNKKXZVTGNG\PKG\ZG\BGPGDHPG\{Supplier Induced Demand.FDHPF

CJKVGNKOKMGNFNRCGTPFZXGQNFKJKCTOFIGNF,BGNPJZG\FDR\KG\[NFPJVN,BG

PSKCG\[NSYZRG\PYXGTK\.CPYZKOZCKOVTZFPKETYKKODOCKQSVYF[KZG\NCKQ

YGVG\FIGNKO{FKMGN\[NYGVG\FIGNKON[NGJCSGDFJKVGNFZVGBK[FPCGJI

PYCNGCFKYVGFKBPGDCN\.

D.FCKYG[N[KZG\KCZKBG\NTGP\ZP\FCZKBG\

C[BKV\GNZPFCZKBG\K\SCKZF,BKQCKMGN\G[NFXZMQNYCGTB\MPG\[KZG\K

FCZKBG\[TNKGNZMG[,GFGB\NGKCFINJG\PYXGTKG\[NSVYKF[KZG\.CVGTN

YKKP\BKGEBG\CKISNY[Z[CKQBSVY\[KZG\KCZKBG\NCKQZP\FCZKBG\.KIETO

HB\YKKOK\ZGQPGCRFNSVYF[KZG\CB[ZNFINJFTNSGDFJKVGNFZXGK.NTGNONB

\FBGEBG\PG[NP\CRGDTNJKVGNFBGVJKPNK[RK\QNKKISNPYZFZVGBKSVXKVK.

K\ZFPHG,NTGNONB\FBGEBG\PG[NP\CB[ZNBVYJKCKG\FKISK\[NFJKVGN

FSVXKVK[RCIZ.

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F\GVTFPFGGFRKSKGQNPHTZRHYKOCBPXTG\"SNYXKF[NSKMGRKO"{FKPRTG\

PMRKSFN\IGPKO[BKROZGGIKKOBGY[KOGPSGCMKO:

.CZKZ\F[KZG\KOGFJKVGNKOFP[\NPKOCKG\Z,\GLFRFD\EVGSK[KZG\

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.FTEV\YCGXG\BGMNGSKKFPSGKPG\TNVRKYCGXG\BGMNGSKKFBIZG\

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FSYJGZFVZJK,FPGRTCTKYZP[KYGNKZGGI,RGJFNCZGZB\F[KZG\KO/JKVGNKO

FP[\NPKOCKG\Z,MGNNEVGSKP\QF[KZG\.FPDHZFTSYKPMGGQNR\CB\TKYZ

VTKNG\GN[KZG\KO,NFNKMKOGNJMRGNGDKG\ZGGIKKO,GMRZBFKP[KLMLDOCT\KE.


C\IGOFCKJGIF\GVTFP\BV[Z\CDNNFKMGN\[NFPCJINFTZKLTNSPLPSVZ

P[\RKOMDGQDKN,PXCMNMNK,F[MNFGMKG"CB\FFS\CZG\N[MKIG\O[NBKZGTKO

ZVGBKKOCYCGXG\BGMNGSKKF[GRG\,GCF\BONFTZKLB\FSKMGRKO.

F.Adverse Selection)"CIKZF[NKNK\"(

F\GVTFRGCT\PFTGCEFMKTRU[KZG\KFCZKBG\PBGVKKQCYKGPQ[NZPG\[GRG\[N

BKRVGZPXKFB=SKPJZK\.CPYZKOZCKOZGM[FCKJGIKGETTNPXCCZKBG\GKG\ZPB[Z

FDGZOFPCJI.F\GXBFFKB[EGGYBFBEO[FPCJIVIG\PTGRKKQCG)PBIZ[FSKMGQ

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H.PGXZXKCGZK

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BPK\KNZMG[BG\G.TNBUFXGZLFYGNYJKCKCYKGPG[NFPGXZ,NBKKGGXZCKYG[NPGXZ

CYZCFVZJKO,GCEZLMNNFGBKSGVYT"KFZ[GKG\.TOYCGX\FPGXZKOFXKCGZKKORPRKO

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FMZGRKG\.

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.B=SKPJZKKFCPKETGY[KIG\FCKYG[{VGJRXKBNCKYG[CN\KPGDCN.

.Supplier Induced DemandKXKZ\CKYG[KOPNBMG\KKO.

.Moral Hazard{XZKMFNBPCGYZ\GPKG\Z\[N[KZG\KOCDNNYKGPG[N[GY

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FRMGQ[CKQP\Q[KZG\CZKBG\BKMG\KGHPKQNMGNNCKQ[PKZFTNZPFSCKZF[NFGXBF:

CYXFFBIERPXB\BRDNKF,FRGYJ\PEKRKG\[N[PKZFTNFGXBFNBGPK\RPGMF

KISK\NCZKBG\,TNPTZM\CTN\BGVKXKCGZKGCPIKZ\GZKOBZGMKO.CYXFFBIZPXGKF

BZXG\FCZK\,FPYKKP\ZPFGBKMG\DCGFF[N[KZG\KZVGBF,CPIKZZP\FGXBF

NBGPK\NCZKBG\FDCGFFCKG\ZCTGNOFPTZCKGCPKE\SGNKEZKG\ICZ\K\PQFRPGMG\

CKG\Z.


FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\GFFGXBFNRV[CEGNZKOF[GGBFCKRNBGPK\:1990=2000

FGXBFNRV[CEGNZKOCPGRIK

MGIFYRKKF[NF\P"D

BIGH

PF\P"D

2000 1997 1990 2000

162,2 905,1 205,1 8.0 BGSJZKF

211,2 907,1 320,1 8.3 BGSJZNKF

608,2 981,1 374,1 8.9 BKSNRE

953,1 324,1 759 6.7 BKZNRE

600,4 090,4 799,2 13.0 BZXG\FCZK\

269,2 747,1 248,1 8.7 CNDKF

748,2 339,2 279,1 10.6 DZPRKF

420,2 848,1 364,1 8.3 ERPZY

246,2 825,1 326,1 8.6 FGNRE

841 642 510 6.8 FGRDZKF

763,1 347,1 955 7.3 FPPNMFFPBGIE\

399,1 974 386 8.3 KGGQ

012,2 741,1 082,1 7.8 KVQ

664,1 490,1 947 8.3 K[ZBN

613,2 303,2 495,1 6.0 NGYSPCGZD

268,2 814,1 365,1 7.5 RGZGGDKF

623,1 357,1 937 8.0 RKG=HKNRE

556,1 168,1 815 7.7 SVZE

557 386 216 6.2 VGNKQ

441,1 125,1 614 8.2 VGZJGDN

664,1 525,1 292,1 6.6 VKRNRE

031,1 943 575 7.2 X'MKF

349,2 103,2 539,1 9.5 XZV\

893 870 401 5.9 YGZKBF

535,2 095,2 1696 9.1 YREF

748,1 762,1 492,1 8.4 [GGEKF

3.222 667,2 760,1 10.7 [GGKW

PYGZ:FN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF,[R\GQSJJKSJKNK[ZBN2002,PS'.53


FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\NRV[)$(:

PF[GGBFCKRNBGPK\TGNFMKFFGXBFCK[ZBNC[R\2000[FS\MPFC=664,1$YZGCF

NHB\[CVKRNREGRKG=HKNRE.CBZF"CFDKTFFFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\NRV[N=600,4$

GCTGE17PEKRG\FKK\FFFGXBFDCGFFKG\ZPB[ZCK[ZBN.CKQFPEKRG\[CFQFFGXBF

C[R\2000FKK\FRPGMFP=500,1$FQ:VGZJGDN,KGGQ,X'MKF,YGZKBF,FGRDZKFGVGNKQ.

FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\NVKSYJGZPCXT:

C[R\2001FINY[N[KZG\KFCZKBG\[SGVYTNKEKYGVG\FIGNKOFKGGF%40PQ

FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\,CEGPFN[RKO1998=1999)HGKZKEFNTGP\F[RKO

1996=1997[CFQFINY[SGVYT"KYGVG\FIGNKOTPETN%43(.FINY[NF[KZG\KO

[SGVYGC[R\2001TNKEKFSYJGZFVZJKGTNKEKFCKJGIKOFP[NKPKO)ZGVBK[KRKKO

GZGVBKOVZJKKOBIZKO,C\KIGNKOTSYKKOGMQKXZRK\ZGVG\GPM[KZKOZVGBKKO[RPMZG

TNCSKSTSYK(,TPETN%28PMNNFFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\,NTGP\%27C[R\

2000G=%26C[R\.1999FDKEGNC[KZG\KCZKBG\TSYKKOC[RKO2001=1999FG[VT

CTKYZPFZIC\F[KZG\KOFRK\RKOCPSDZ\FCKJGIKOFP[NKPKO.

\ZGP\FPGSEG\FPP[N\KKONFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\)MDGQ:C\KIGNKO,PZVBG\

GN[MG\FCZKBG\(KZEFC[RKO1999=2001N=%20NTGP\%22C[R\.1998INY

F[KZG\KO[SGVYGTNKEKPGSEG\CZKBG\BIZKONNBMGGR\ZGGI)MDGQ:FESF,PDQEGE

BEGOGMG'(R[BZKXKCPBH1996{%.12

FFGXBFFNBGPK\NCZKBG\NVKSGD[KZG\:

RK\GIFEGIG\FPVGZJKO[N[KZG\KFCZKBG\NVKSGD[KZG\PZBF[C[R\1999

FS\MOTZL[KZG\KC\KFIGNKOC=%41PQFFGXBFF[GJV\NCZKBG\,GINYFFGXBF

N[KZG\KPZVBG\XKCGZKG\GZVGBFPGRT\KZEN=%.38FFGXBFNZGVBKOVZJKKOGNZVGB\

[KRKKOFS\MPGC[R\1999C=%14,GFFGXBFN\ZGVG\GNXKGEZVGBK[RYRGTNKEKP[YK

FCK\R[BZGCZPF[N{%.6


I.PTZM\FCZKBG\CVZSVYJKCFCKR"N

BI\N[RFP\VZSPKOR\GRKOF[GGB\KKOTNPTZMG\CZKBG\C=30FPEKRG\FICZG\

C=OECD.FR\GRKOPCGSSKOCPKE\FBV[ZTNFDEZG\BIKEG\,\GLRKSKGQNF\DCZTN

FFCENKOC[KJG\ZK[GOI[CGRBK,FCENKFDEZG\,CTKG\PIKZKOG[TZKINKVKQ.

I[GCNFS\KKDGNXKKQ[FQCDNNCTKG\FDEZFGFQC[NBGVKKQF[GRF[NPTZMG\

FCZKBG\,K[NFKHFZMB[ZCBKONFVKYNYIKOBGNFSKYPSYRG\PCKXGTFF[GGBF

FCKRNBGPK\.

PYGCNCPTZMG\CZKBG\NF\KKISN=6PEEKF[GGBFCKRNBGPKKO:

.FGXBFNBGPK\NCZKBG\.

.BGMNGSKG\CRK65+G=75+

.\GIN\IKKOG\PG\\\KRGYG\

.MGIBEOZVGBK

.PKJG\

.[KPG[C[KZG\KCZKBG\.

ZKMGHPEEKF[GGBFCKR"NN[R\1998)FPKGQNVKB'=C'(

FGXBF

NRV[

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NBGPK\

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)M=%

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NBNU

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NBNU

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\KRG'{

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NKEG\IK

\GIN\

IKKO

CDKN

BVS

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%CRK

+65

FPEKRF

968,1 8.2 75.4 1.7 3.0 6.3 4.9 74.7 14.6 BGSJZKF 1

043,2 8.5 69.4* 1.0* 2.5 4.0* 5.0 75.9 11.8 BGSJZNKF 2

783,1 8.4 72.5* 1.4* 5.9 5.2* B.R. 75.3* 16.7 BKJNKF 3

103,2 8.3 B.R. B.R. 3.3 B.R. 2.6 77.0 11.3 BKSNRE 4

436,1 6.4 84.3 1.0 2.2 3.3 6.2 B.R. 11.3 BKZNRE 5

461,1 6.7 80.8 1.0* 1.7 2.4 5.7 74.6* 15.8 BRDNKF 6

178,4 13.6 62.6 0.7 2.7 3.1 7.2* 73.9 12.5 BZF"C 7

081,2 8.8 B.R. 1.3* B.R. B.R. B.R. 74.8 16.1 CNDKF 8


FP[LJCNFPTPGEYGEO

FGXBF

NRV[

C=$

FGXBF

NBGPK\

NCZKBG\'

)M=%

PF\P"D(

\VGSF

PPGXT\

)PKJG\

MNNKG\(

KPK

B[VGH

NRV[

N[RF

PKJG\

)MNNKG\(

[KTGZ

ZGVBKO

NBNU

RV[

SF"M

PKJG\

MNNKG\

NBNU

RV[

\PG\\

\KRG'{

NBNU

NKEG\IK

\GIN\

IKKO

CDKN

BVS

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%CRK

+65

FPEKRF

424,2 10.6 76.6* 2.1 3.5 7.0 4.7 74.5 15.4 DZPRKF 9

133,2 8.3 80.7* 1.0* B.R. 3.5* 4.7 73.7 14.9 ERPZY 10

070,2 8.6 70.1 0.9 B.R. 3.7 5.2 75.2 13.3 FGNRE 11

705 6.8 75.8 1.9 3.1 5.8 9.7 66.1 14.2 FGRDZKF 12

255* 4.0* 57.1 0.4 1.2 2.2 37.9 66.4 5.5 JGZYKF 13

167,1 8.3 B.R. B.R. 4.1 B.R. 6.7 75.3 16.8 KGGQ 14

822,1 7.6 B.R. B.R. 1.9 B.R. 3.6 77.2 15.1 KVQ 15

510,1 8.2 94.3 0.8 3.6 2.3 5.9 76.1 9.9 K[ZBN 16

215,2 5.9 B.R. B.R. 3.0 5.5 5.0 B.R. 14.1 NGYSPCGZD 17

356* 4.7* B.R. B.R. 1.6 B.R. 15.8 72.4 4.4 PMSKYG 18

425,2 8.9 B.R. B.R. 2.4 3.2 4.0 75.5 15.6 RGZGGDKF 19

424,1 8.1 B.R. 0.3 2.2 B.R. 6.8* 75.2 11.4 RKG=HKNRE 20

218,1 7.1 B.R. B.R. 4.4 B.R. 5.0* 74.8 15.7 SVZE 21

496 6.4 B.R. B.R. B.R. B.R. 9.5 68.9 11.3 VGNKQ 22

237,1 7.8 75.5 0.9 3.1 3.1 6.0 71.7 15.2 VGZJGDN 23

1,502 6.9 B.R. 1.0 3.0 2.6 4.2 73.5 14.3 VKRNRE 24

930 7.2 68.3 1.7 3.0 6.7 5.2 71.1 12.6 X'MKF 25

077,2 9.6 75.7 1.2 3.0 4.3 4.7* 74.6 15.7 XZV\ 26

730 5.0 66.9 B.R. 1.3 4.4 B.R. 70.6* 6.0 YGZKBF 27

312,2 9.5 B.R. B.R. 2.1 2.9* 5.5* 75.8* 12.3 YREF 28

746,1 8.4 B.R. B.R. B.R. 2.6 3.6* 76.9 17.0 [CEKF 29

794,2 10.4 84.7 1.7 1.9 5.6 4.8 76.5 14.4 [GGKW 30

PYGZ:FBDUNMNMNFGCKJGICZKBG\,P[ZEFCZKBG\,KGRK.2001

*[R\.1997

B.R.{BKQR\GRKO.


J.FDGVKOFTKYZKKOFVGTNKOCP[YFCZKBG\CK[ZBN

CPTZM\FCZKBG\CK[ZBNVGTNKODGVKOZCKO.CKRKFORXKKQB\FMRS\,FPP[NF,

FPGSENCKJGINBGPK,PGSEG\GBZDGRKO[GRKO[RK\QNYGCXON[[YCGXG\PZMHKG\:

.1FMRS\

PNKB\FMRS\GGTE\TCGEF,ZGGIFGCZKBG\.

.2P[ZEKPP[NF

CYCGXFHGRK\QNMNGNB\P[ZEKFCZKBG\GFBGXZ.

B.P[ZEFCZKBG\:

PGVYETNCZKBG\FBGMNGSKKFGTNMNPTZM\FCZKBG\TNFKCJKFFPYXGTKKO

GFPRFNKKO.

FP[ZEPGVYETNYCKT\PEKRKG\FCZKBG\CK[ZBN,TNF\MRGQNJGGIBZGL,TNFVKYGI

GFCYZF,TNFCJI\FBKMG\,TNFZK[GK,TNFFKTZMG\N[T\IKZGOGTGE.

PTCZN\VYKEKGMPKRKSJZKGQ,FP[ZEPVTKNCBGZIK[KZMPIXK\PPKJG\FB[VGH

NSGDKFQCPEKRF)B[VGHMNNK,VSKMKBJZKGDZKBJZK(GB\TKYZ[KZG\KFZVGBFFPGRT\

FBK[K\)\IRG\BOGKNE(GFZVGBFFPGRT\FSCKC\K\.

C\GYUIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K,FP[ZEBIZBKDOTNPKPGQF[KZG\KOC\IGPKO:

B[VGHSKTGEK,[KZG\KCZKBG\FRV[,[KZG\KZVGBFPGRT\BK[K\GPM[KZK[KYGOGRKKEG\

NRMKO.

\IGPKFBIZKG\[NP[ZEFCZKBG\:

.KKHGOGTEMGQFIYKYFC\IGOFCZKBG\.

.\MRGQ,ZK[GK,FMGGRFGCYZF[N[KZG\KFCZKBG\FXKCGZKKOCPEKRF.

.VKYGIGCYZFTNYGVG\FIGNKO,TNVKFYCGTCIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K.

.FCJI\[KZG\KB[VGHMNNKKO,VSKMKBJZKKO,[KYGPKKOGSKTGEKKO.

.FCJI\[KZG\KZVGBFPGRT\.

.KKHGOGTKEGE\GMRKG\NYKEGOFCZKBG\CK[ZBN.


.ZK[GKCTNKPYXGTG\ZVGBKKOCF\BONIGY.

.BZDGQGFMGGRF[NPTZM\FCZKBG\N[T\IKZGO.

BI\PPJZG\IGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KFKK\FNVJGZB\P[ZEFCZKBG\PQ

FBIZKG\NBSVY\[KZG\KOGNIHYB\PTPEGMZDGNJGZ.PJZFHGNBFG[DF,GP[ZE

FCZKBG\PP[KLN[P[SVY[KZG\KOC\IGPK{FPRKTF,FVSKMKBJZKF,FDZKBJZKF

GFRKFGN[NC\KIGNKO.

F[NMG\FPXCFYKKO:

P[ZEFCZKBG\VGTN\GLRKDGETRKKRKOPGCRF:FGBCTNKOGPVTKN[NC\KIGNKOCPYCKN

NFKG\GYGCTPEKRKG\.FECZVGDTFQC\VYGE[NFP[ZEGFQCEKPGKGCPTZM\FCZKBG\

GPIGXFNF.

EGDPBG\FPPIK[G\B\RKDGEFBKRJZSKO[NFP[ZE:

PTGZCG\GFK[KZFC\FNKLYCKT\PIKZKGOB[VGH[FYGVG\P[NPG\NC\KFIGNKO

[CCTNG\G,PTGZCG\GFK[KZFCYCKT\MNNKONFSMPKODNGCNKKOCKQC\KFIGNKONYGVG\

GINYGCYCKT\PEKRKG\F[MZ.F[VT\P[ZEFCZKBG\TNTKXGCFPEKRKG\C\IGO

FCZKBG\BKRFEGPKRRJK\,GRZBF[NP[ZEFBGXZP[YNDEGNKG\ZCYCN\FINJG\

C\IGOFCZKBG\.

P[ZEFCZKBG\ISZP[BCKONYKEGORG[BKOMDGQ:PIYZ,ZVGBFZB[GRK\,VK\GIKET,

YKEGOPRDRGRKCYZ\BKMG\GMKG"C.NP[ZEFCZKBG\BKQP[YNCFMGGRFBGCFSEZ\[N

RG[BFF\PIG\,JKVGNGCRG[BFGBJMRKCNCE.

C.P[ZEFBGXZ:

ZP\FPTGZCG\[NP[ZEFBGXZCF\GGKK\FYGGKO[NPEKRKG\FCZKBG\FRFDCGFF

CPKGIE{FXGG\FPYXGTK[NP[ZEFBGXZTGSYMPTJCMNRG[BFY[GZNBZDGQ

FPTZM\,NVKYGITNKF,NFSEZ\F,NFRFD\PTZM\\PZKXKOGNFSEZ\FTEKVGKG\

NVK\GIF.[NKJ\FBGXZTNFKYUFP[BCKOGTNRK\GCOPBV[Z\NGNFGG\DGZO

EGPKRRJKCFMGGR\FPEKRKG\{FMVV\FPTZM\NSEZKFTEKVGKG\[FGBYGCT.

"[NKJ\FBGXZCFYXB\F\YXKCKGXZ\PXC[CGFGBKEBDNML[NBKGG\ZGMNK\ZG\

CKEKPTZM\FCZKBG\.[NKJFHGBKRFPBV[Z\NPTZM\NF\V\I,GNTGNOFKBNB

\GMN,CXGZFHG,NFKTZLN\MRGRFNJGGIBZGL".)1(

)1("PSYRG\GTE\FIYKZFFVZNPRJZK\NCEKY\KK[GPGGPKPGRG[NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K",

VCZGBZ.2000


.3FPGSENCKJGINBGPK

TOMRKS\IGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KN\GYVGCKRGBZ1995FGJNFDCKK\EPKCKJGI

FCZKBG\TNFPGSENCKJGINBGPK.FGBDOPK[PGVYETNINGY\EPKFDCKKFCKQYGVG\

FIGNKONVKRGSI\FYVKJXKF.FPGSENCKJGINBGPKDOPPPQB\TNGKG\FJKVGN

CNKEG\.

.4YGVG\FIGNKO

CK[ZBNVGTNG\BZCTYGVG\IGNKO,FPGVYEG\TNBCJI\BSVY\O[N[KZG\K

FCZKBG\FPGDEZKOCIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K{NMNFPCGJIKOFZ[GPKOCYGVF.

PTCZN\VYKEQMDGZOPCJI,YGVG\FIGNKOPSVYG\CBGVQK[KZ[KZG\KZVGBFPGRT\

BK[K\,[KZG\KZVGBFYFKN\K\G[KZG\KB[VGHMNNK.

.5PGSEG\XKCGZKKONNBMGGR\ZGGI)PNM"ZKO(

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IGNKO",CK\FIGNKOFSYGJKCRXZ\,"NRKBEG"GMKG"C(GPVTKNFM=%20PMNNPKJG\

FB[VGHNSGDKG.CRGSU=MNGNKOCYJDGZKFHGDODGVKOMPG"PDQEGEBEGO"GTGE.

.6PGSEG\VZJKKO

FPDHZFVZJKPSVYPDGGQZIC[N[KZG\KCZKBG\FMGNNKOCTKYZ[KZG\KZVGB\F[Q,

[KZG\KB[VGHVSKMKBJZKGDZKBJZK,%4.2PFB[VGHFMNNKCPGSEG\MDGQ"BSG\B"

G"ZP\PZVB",[KZG\KBCIGQGJKVGNPZVB\KKOGPTZM\ZGYIG\.

F\VNDG\BSVY\F[KZG\KONVKDGZPKFCKXGTFTKYZKKO{2001)BIGHKO(

%20 P[ZEFCZKBG\GZ[GKG\PYGPKG\

%40 YGVG\IGNKO

%12 PGSEG\NNBMGGR\ZGGI

%28 PGSEG\VZJKKO

%100

PYGZ:FN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF,FGETFNTK\GRG\,KGNK.2002

FGGTEFNCIKR\FZVGBFFXKCGZK\GPTPEFZGVBCF 1 0 0

K.IGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K

TYZGRG\BZDGQFCZKBG\FTGNPKBGPXGDOTNKEKPEKR\K[ZBN,GCBGNCKJGKPVGZJCIGY

CKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K,KRGBZ1995:

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CIKZ\G,GNZ[GOCFDOB\KNEKGFYJKRKO.

SN[KZG\KOPGDEZGPTGDQCIYKYF:

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GF[NK[K\NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K.BSVY\F[KZG\FZVGBKXZKMFNFKT[G\NVK

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F\GSV\F[NK[K\PVZJ\B\F[KZG\KO[CBIZKG\P[ZEFCZKBG\:VSKMKBJZKF,

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NTCGZNBIZKG\YGVG\FIGNKONBIZ\YGV\CKRKKO.FTCZFHGNBCGXTF.

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F[KZG\KONINYPQFBGMNGSKKF,CIZFPIGYY[NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K)MPG

CPZCK\PEKRG\FPTZC(NBPWB\FTKYZGQ[NP\QZGCF[KZG\KOFCSKSKKONMN

FBGMNGSKKF.

SNF[KZG\KO[FYGVG\PIGKCG\NSVYNPCGJIKORINYN[RKKO:

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FIN\FIGY;

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NPZG\[SNF[KZG\KONBFGDEZCBGVQPEGKY,GFGBPBV[ZVKZG[PZIKCBGPXGPXO,

FETFFPYGCN\FKB"[MPTJ"MNF[KZG\KO/PGXZKOFIKGRKKORMNNKOCPSDZ\SN

FCZKBG\FCSKSK[RYCT.

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3.1 3.0 2.9 2.3 FGRDZKF 12

1.2 1.1 0.9 0.6 JGZYKF 13

4.1 3.9 3.4 2.4 KGGQ 14

1.9 B.R. 1.7 1.3 KVQ 15

3.6 3.4 2.5 2.5 K[ZBN 16

3.0 2.8 2.0 1.7 NGYSPCGZD 17

1.6 1.6 1.1 0.8 PMSKYG 18

2.4 2.8 3.1 2.0 RGZGGDKF 19

2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 RKG=HKNRE 20

4.4 4.1 3.8 2.3 SVZE 21

B.R. 2.3 2.1 1.8 VGNKQ 22

3.1 3.0 2.8 2.0 VGZJGDN 23

3.0 2.8 2.4 1.7 VKRNRE 24

3.0 2.9 2.8 2.3 X'MKF 25

3.0 2.9 2.6 2.0 XZV\ 26

1.3 1.1 0.8 B.R. YGZKBF 27

2.1 2.1 2.1 1.8 YREF 28

B.R. 3.1 2.9 2.2 [CEKF 29

1.9 1.8 1.5 1.2 [GGKW 30

PYGZ:FBDUNMNMNFGCKJGICZKBG\,P[ZEFCZKBG\,KGRK.2001

FPKGQNVKB'=C'.


KD.PTZM\C\KFIGNKO

"PK[K[NGMBC,FGNLNCK\FZGVB")CCNK,CCBYPB,PG(.

C\KFIGNKOPGVYEKOCTKYZTNBSVY\[KZG\KZVGBF[RKGRK\G[NK[GRK\{[KZG\K

B[VGH,\GL[KPG[CPM[GZGCXKGEKYZ,GP\PIKOCJKVGNKOPGZMCKO,PSGCMKO

GBKRJRSKCKKOFZCFKG\ZPBNG[K[CBV[ZG\PSDZG\FYFKNFNSVY.

PBVKKRKOCTNKF[NMG\TN\VYGEC\KFIGNKO:

.C\KFIGNKOFMNNKKOFGVMKONKG\ZDEGNKO,KG\ZPGZMCKO,KG\ZKYZKOGKG\ZY[KO

NRKFGN.

.P\QP[YNDEGNKISK\TNKEKC\KFIGNKON[KYGNKKGYZFGPGRKJKQDOTNI[CGQ

XZMKO[GJVKO.

.FTEZCKHGZRKFGNKGDPK[G\\VTGNK\.

.PSNGNKYKEGOISGPKO{BKQFDCNFN\YGV\FMFGRF[NPRFNKPINYG\G[N

SDRKFO.

.F\V\IGKG\JMRGNGDKG\FPBV[ZG\CKXGTINYRKMZP\IGPKFVTKNG\CPSDZG\

BPCGNJGZKG\.

.VHKNFNZVGBFF[KRKGRK\{FFMRSG\P[KZG\HFPFGG\M[NK[PMNNFMRSG\C\K

FIGNKOFMNNKKO.

.FZMCFIGNKOFPBG[VHKO{CTKYZIGNKOY[KOGMZGRKKO.

.RGSIBG\\YKRFY[KIG\{FXPE\\YRKMGIFBEONPSVZPKJG\.

.FMZFCPINYFNXGZLF\PIG\PG\RK\CPSVZPKJG\.

.IGPZYNKRKNBPDGGQEKG)FKTEZFPSDZ\FYFKN\K\(NXGZLFYRKK\PKGPRGKG\CKQ

MG\NKCK\FIGNKOVGDOCFM[Z\SJGERJKOGZGVBKOXTKZKO.

.FTCZ\INYPFM[Z\P\PIKONPSDZG\BPCGNJGZKG\\ZGVUB\FY[Z[CKQ

PSVZFPKJG\GFFMZFCPINYFNXGZMKF\PIG\.

.BKNGXKO\YXKCKKO.

.PGETG\ZCFKG\ZNBSVYJKOMNMNKKO)FMRSG\BGFGXBG\(.

.FSMO[MZBZXK[BKQCGDPK[G\PSVY\GKMGN\\PZGWG/BGTRK[FBVYJKCKKO.


PEEKKTKNG\/BKMG\N\VYGEC\KIGNKO:

.BKRJRSKCKG\FRKXGN[N\[\KG\,XKGEGJMRGNGDKG\BCIGRKG\GJKVGNKG\IEK[G\.

.\PIGZZKBNKGEKVZRXKBNK[N\TZKVKVTGNG\ZVGBKG\.

.\PFKNPKJG\PG\BONXZMKO.

.BIGH\PG\FGSKCGMKOP\GBO)NBIGHZP\FSKMGQ[NFIGNF(.

.BKRJRSKCKG\F[KPG[CP[BCKBRG[CPTZM\FB[VGH)PEEPYGCNCPTZM\{

PSVZFTGCEKOCP[ZFPNBFNMNPKJ\B[VGH(.

.PPGXTF[FKKFCCK\FIGNKOGB[VGHKOIGHZKO.

.\GZKO.

RK\QNINYB\PTZM\C\KFIGNKONVK[RKPBVKKRKOTKYZKKO:

.FCTNG\:C\KIGNKOPP[N\KKO,C\KIGNKO[N[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\,C\KIGNKO

XKCGZKKO)EGDP\"FESF"G"[TZKXEY"(GC\KIGNKOVZJKKO.

.FF\PIG\:C\KIGNKOMNNKKO,C\KIGNKOVSKMKBJZKKOGPGSEG\DZKBJZKKO.

FINGYFNVKCTNG\GF\PIG\PTNKPFY[ZTGCE\KFYKKO

CKQ[RKFPBVKKRKOFNNG:

.INYDEGNPFPGSEG\FVZJKKOPKGTENIGNKODZKBJZKKOGVSKMKBJZKKO.

.PGSEG\YGVG\IGNKOFONZGCC\KIGNKOMNNKKO.

.INYDEGNPC\KFIGNKOFVSKMKBJZKKOFGBCCTNG\PP[N\K\.

CK\IGNKOXKCGZKMNNK:"CK\IGNKOPP[N\KMNNK,CK\IGNKOMNNK[CCTNG\[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\,CK\IGNKOMNNK[CCTNG\Z[G\PYGPK\GMQCK\IGNKOMNNK[FGB

\BDKE[FGBPGSEXKCGZKMP[PTG\GCSTKU9NVYGE\PSFMRSF")EKRKPEKR\K[ZBN,

RGSIIE[8,TP'120(.)1(

)1(PYGZ:IGYFFSEZKOCP[YFPEKRFN[R\FMSVKO.2002


C\KIGNKO,NVKSGDGCTNG\

2001 2000 1999 1990 SGDGCTNG\

48 48 48 44

SGDFPGSE

JKVGNMNNK

20 21 23 26 CZKBG\FRV[

284 272 254 117 PING\PPG[MG\)1(

2 2 2 2 [KYGO

25 25 26 29

CTNG\

PP[N\K\)2(

2 2 2 2 TKZGRK\=PP[N\K\

13 13 13 14 [KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\)3(

8 8 9 { PMCK[KZG\KCZKBG\)4(

4 4 4 { YGV\IGNKOPBGIE\

7 7 7 7 PKSKGQ

154 150 144 66 XKCGZK\BIZ\)5(

141 134 122 71 VZJK\


)1(MGNNC\KIGNKONIGNK[IV\TE.1960MGNNPINYG\SKTGEKG\CC\KBCG\GCYKCGXKO.

)2(MGNNC\KIGNKOCCTNG\PNCQTE.1970

)3(TE[R\{1998YGV\IGNKOMNNK\.

)4(TE1996{YGV\IGNKOPMCK.

)5(MGNNFESF.


PKJG\B[VGHNVKCTNG\GSGDPKJF)RMGQNSGU[R\2001(

SF"M [KYGO

PING\

PPG[MG\)1(

CZKBG\

FRV[

JKVGN

MNNK

072,11 108 887,1 696,3 381,5 PP[N\K\

455,1 95 { { 360,1 TKZGRK\=PP[N\K\

450,5 270 632 300 248,4 [KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\)2(

310 { 310 { { PMCK[KZG\KCZKBG\)3(

254 { 254 { { YGV\IGNKOPBGIE\

631 { 109 8 514 PKSKGQ

415,9 150 893,6 133 239,2 XKCGZK\BIZ\)4(

047,11 20 117,9 333,1 577 VZJK\

634,39 643 202,19 470,5 319,14 SF"M


)1(MGNNPKJG\CPINYG\SKTGEKG\,CC\KBCG\GCYKCGXKO.

)2(TE[R\1988{YGV"IMNNK\.

)3(TE[R\1996{YGV"IPMCK.

)4(MGNNFESF.

CBIGHFPKJG\FMNNKG\PSLMNFPKJG\K[RFPDPFCZGZF[NKZKEFP=%43.8C[R\

1980N=%36.1C[R\2001[KTGZHFFPXKCB\K[ZBNCYXFF\I\GQ[NPEKRG\

OECD.NPZG\[C\KFIGNKOFMNNKKOPFGGKOZY%36PMNNFPKJG\,FOPJVNKO

CZGCFPMZKT[NFPBG[VHKOTNVRKF[RF:CSLFMGNBG[VHGCC\KFIGNKOFMNNKKO

CSGU1999NPTNFPPKNKGQRV[,NTGP\20TE30BNUCNCEC[\KFF\PIGKG\

FBIZG\{VSKMKBJZKFGDZKBJZKF{[CFQFB[VGHPPG[LPBGE,GPSVZYJQKISK\

[NPJGVNKOPBMNSPGSEG\BNG.PMBQRGCT,[YZGCNPIXK\FPBG[VHKOCPEKRF

RPXBKOCPGSEG\PP[N\KKO,YX\VIG\P[NK[CPGSEG\[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\,

GMZCT{CPGSEG\BIZKO.

I[GCNFEDK[,MKCC\KIGNKOMNNKKOZCKOYKKPG\DOPINYG\VSKMKBJZKG\GDO

DZKBJZKG\,GNMQRMGQKG\ZNR\IB\FPTZM\CZPF[NPINYG\GPKJG\GNBCZPF[N

PGSEG\.MPTJPIXK\PFPKJG\FMNNKG\{%47{FOCCTNG\PP[N\K\

GPP[N\K\=TKZGRK\,YZGCN[NK[{%30CCTNG\[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\,IPK[K\{

CC\KIGNKOXKCGZKKOG=%4CPDHZFVZJK.INGYFHGF[\R\FBLPTJTNVRKHPQ=INYO

[NFPGSEG\FPP[N\KKOVI\P=%48C[R\1984N=%47C[R\2001,GC\YGVF

FPYCKNFTNF[KTGZO[NFPGSEG\FVZJKKOP=%3N=%.4


PKJG\CC\KIGNKOG\VGS\PKJG\,NVKSGDPKJF

\VGS\PKJG\ PKJG\

2001 2000 1999 2001 2000 1999 SGDPINYF

PSVZKOPGINJKO

BIGHKO 634,39 613,38 458,37 SLMGNN

[KTGZKON=1000\G[CKO)2(

91.7 92.2 92.9 090,6 062,6 030,6 SLMGNN

93.0 93.1 94.0 2.200 2.224 249,2 PINYG\MNNKG\=SLFMN

102.6 106.4 104.3 0.611 0.613 0.614 VRKPKG\

93.2 94.1 96.7 0.092 0.093 0.093 DZKBJZKFBYGJK\

97.1 104.3 102.1 0.042 0.041 0.041 RGKZGNGDKF

90.3 95.3 96.1 0.032 0.032 0.033 BGRYGNGDKF

111.1 109.5 109.2 0.013 0.014 0.014 TGZGPKQ

56.2 57.6 72.7 0.008 0.008 0.007 F[\N\PGITXO

68.1 66.8 68.0 0.045 0.044 0.042 JKVGNRPZWMNNK

79.6 83.6 83.2 0.042 0.041 0.042 JKVGNRPZWNC

78.8 80.0 79.3 0.003 0.003 0.003 JKVGNRPZWR[KP\K

92.6 89.8 95.3 0.160 0.164 0.164 KNEKO

79.2 84.0 84.2 0.015 0.016 0.015 JKVGNRPZWKNEKO

95.9 101.4 101.3 0.081 0.078 0.079 JKVGNPKGIECKKNGE

88.6 89.1 88.6 0.043 0.043 0.043 MKZGZDKFKNEKO

87.0 83.6 84.4 0.259 0.267 0.276 MKZGZDKFMNNK\

87.7 86.1 88.2 0.145 0.149 0.151 BGZ\GVEKF

81.3 76.3 80.4 0.068 0.070 0.070 BGZGNGDKF

77.3 82.7 83.9 0.026 0.026 0.026 RGKZGMKZGZDKF

81.0 78.8 81.0 0.044 0.045 0.045 MKZGZDKFIHFGNC

100.1 103.2 111.2 0.018 0.016 0.016 MKZGZDKFMNKEO

92.8 83.9 81.0 0.028 0.027 0.028 MKZGZDKFVNSJK\

56.2 56.3 60.0 0.059 0.062 0.064 TKRKKO

76.1 72.7 79.8 0.049 0.049 0.051 BU,BGHQDZGQ

67.6 68.1 70.9 0.006 0.007 0.007 VFGNS\

93.0 90.1 94.8 0.103 0.107 0.109 R[KO

109.2 105.9 105.4 0.203 0.205 0.211 KGNEG\

147.6 154.7 157.4 0.006 0.006 0.066 F[FKKF

85.5 88.0 90.3 0.840 0.877 0.967 CZKBG\FRV[

92.4 92.7 93.0 2.950 2.861 2.711 PING\PPG[MG\

96.9 97.2 90.0 0.099 0.100 0.103 [KYGO

PYGZ:F[R\GQFSJJKSJKNK[ZBN2002,PSVZ.53

)1(MGNNPINYG\ZKBG\.

)2(F[KTGZPIG[CTNVKBGMNGSKKFCSGUF[RF.


DGZPKOFP[VKTKOTNF\VGSFFPPGXT\:

.\YKR\PKJG\FB[VGHNBPCGXT\TNVKXZMKOEPGDZVKKOGBVKEPKGNGDKKO.

.\PFKNFPKJG\BKRGPG\BONXGZMKFB[VGHCMNPINYF,GNMQRGXZTGPS/IGSZ

[N\VGSFCPINYG\.

.FYXB\FPKJG\RT[K\CZP\FPINYFGNBCZP\CK\FIGNKO.

CF[GGBFCKRNBGPK\,K[ZBNRPXB\C[KTGZK\VGSFPPGXTKOPQFDCGFKOCKG\ZPCKQ

MNPEKRG\OECDCSLMNFPKJG\GCPKGIECPKJG\FMNNKG\{[KTGZKF\VGSF

FPPGXT\CK[ZBNCPKJG\MNNKG\TPEC[R\2001TN%.93


[FKKFPPGXT\G[KTGZKPKB[VGHCC\KIGNKO,NVKSGDPKJF

[KTGZKPKB[VGHNBNURV[ [FKKFPPGXT\)KPKO( SGDPKJF

1999 1998 1997 1999 1998 1997

775.4 782.3 784.0 4.3 4.2 4.3 PKJG\MNNKG\SF"M

242.4 234.6 235.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 VRKPK\

33.1 36.1 35.3 12.9 13.5 14.8 DZKBJZKFBYGJK\

15.3 15.3 15.4 6.7 6.6 6.5 RGKZGNGDKF

11.7 11.7 11.1 5.9 6.0 6.1 BGRYGNGDKF

11.4 10.7 9.8 5.6 5.1 5.1 JKVGNRPZWMNNK

12.8 12.7 12.9 2.7 2.7 2.9 JKVGNRPZWNC

62.0 61.4 62.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 KNEKO

29.0 30.0 29.8 12.8 12.9 12.9 JKVGNPKGIECKKNGE

94.3 96.6 97.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 MKZGZDKFMNNK\

13.9 14.6 14.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 MKZGZDKFKNEKO

49.0 50.1 49.2 5.5 5.5 5.8 BGZJGVEKF

20.9 22.5 23.0 4.3 4.2 4.2 BGZGNGDKF

8.2 8.3 8.6 6.3 6.4 7.6 RGKZG=MKZGZDKF

13.4 13.4 13.8 5.2 5.2 5.3 MKZGZDKFIHFNC

8.3 8.7 8.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 MKZGZDKFVNSJK\

14.3 16.1 17.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 TKRKKO

15.0 15.6 15.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 BU,BGHQGDZGQ

38.3 39.0 38.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 R[KO

82.3 84.7 85.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 KGNEG\

329.9 352.3 379.9 122.9 130.5 234.7 CZKBG\FRV[

911.9 870.0 836.6 160.6 163.1 168.5 PING\PPG[MG\

34.0 33.1 31.7 34.8 34.8 36.2 [KYGO

PYGZ:FN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF.

P[LFB[VGH:

C[RKOFBIZGRG\ING[KRGKKOCEVGSKFB[VGHGCP[LFB[VGH.DENFINYFKISK[N

RK\GIKKGO,GF\YXZP[LF[FG\CB[VGHKOZDKNKO.F[KRGKRCTFQPPBPXKFYGVG\

NVYITNP[LFB[VGH[NPCGJIKFQGNCYZGGFQPFTNKKFCF\TZCGKG\MKZGZDKG\VIG\

IGEZRKG\,[RK\RG\NCKXGTCPSDZ\B[VGHKGO.


DGZPKOFP[VKTKOTNP[LFB[VGH:

.FZMCFPBG[VHKO.

.PFG\F\INGBF.

.BKRJRSKCKG\GKTKNG\FJKVGNKOGKTKNG\O.

.YKXGZFNKMKO.

.[KYGNKOMNMNKKO.

R\GRKFB[VGHP\KKISKOCEZLMNNN[RKR\GRKO:PSVZFPBG[VHKOGPSVZFKPKO[[FG

FPBG[VHKOCCK\IGNKOTNVRK[RF.IKNGY[RKFR\GRKOFNNGRG\QB\FPEE[N[FKKF

PPGXT\NPBG[VH.

F[FKKFFPPGXT\CPGSEG\VSKMKBJZKKOGDZKBJZKKOFKBCSCKCG\IXK[RF,NTGP\

[FKKFPPGXT\[NM=4KPKOCC\KIGNKOMNNKKO)KZKEF[N%37CKQF[RKO1980

N=1999,P[FKKFPPGXT\[N6.8KPKON4.3KPKO(.

F[FKKFFPPGXT\FBZGMFCKG\ZFKBCPINYG\JKVGNPKGIECKKNGE)JKVGNRPZW

CKKNGEKO({[FKKFPPGXT\[N12.8KPKONTGP\4.3KPKOCPPGXTFMNNK.NFGXKB

\IGOIZKDHF,BV[ZNGPZ[F[FKKFFPPGXT\RTFCKQ2.3KPKO)PINY\R[KO(N=6.7

KPKOCRGKZGNGDKF.

[KTGZFPKJG\NBNURV[

1999 1998 1980 SGDFPKJF

2.25 2.27 2.95 MNNK\

2.82 2.72 1.58 DZKBJZKFG[KYGO

0.97 1.04 2.18 VSKMKBJZKKF

PYGZ:FN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF

[KTGZSLMNPKJG\FB[VGHNBNURV[CK[ZBNYZGCNPPGXTFYKKOCPEKRG\OECD.

[KTGZFPKJG\FMNNKG\NBNURV[,NTGP\HB\,FRGPFRPGMKOPCKQPEKRG\OECD:

2.27PKJG\MNNKG\NBNURV[C[R\1998)ZYCJGZYKFK[VIG\:2.2PKJG\MNNKG\

NBNURV[(.

ICZFGGTEF,VZGV'E.X'ZRKIGCSYKPS\KKDPFECZKOFRBPZKOCINYF[NK[K[N

FEG"I.


.1YCKT\TNG\FSNFXKCGZKGBGVQTEMGRF

"MNFKMGNNFXKNGNBFXKNTGCZTN"NB\TPGETNEOZTKL")GKYZBKJ;JH(

VSKY\FZPC"OCFNMG\...[PKZ\RV[)VB,FG'X(

B.FHMBG\FXKCGZK\

[KZG\KFZVGBFFXKCGZKKOCK[ZBNVGTNKOPBHKRGBZ1995CPSDZ\IGYCKJGICZKBG\

PPNM\K.FIGYFDEKZ"SNCSKSK"PVGZJGRYCTGPYGZG\PKPGRGGMNNKONTEMGRG.

STKU7)B(NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KPDEKZB\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\M="SN

F[KZG\KOFCSKSK:

)1([KZG\KFCZKBG\[R\RFYGV\FIGNKO[NFFS\EZG\FMNNK\[NFTGCEKOCBZW

K[ZBNNICZKFCPGTEFYGCTNZCG\\[NGPKOPKGIEKO[[KNOFICZ,FMN

MPVGZJC\GSV\F[RKKF;

)2([KZG\KFCZKBG\[R\RFFPEKRFNVZJCPGTEFYGCT,MPVGZJC\GSV\F[NK[K\,

GFMGNNVKF\RBKOGNVKF\[NGPKO[FKGRFGDKOTZC\IKN\G[NIGYHFG[KVZSO

[ZFCZKBG\CZ[GPG\;

)3(CJN.

)4([KZG\KZVGBFCTCGEFMBPGZCSTKU7B;

)5(Z[KP\F\ZGVG\GF\[NGPKOTCGZF\ZGVG\[FKGRFGDKOCPGTEFYGCTCYGV\

FIGNKO[NFFS\EZG\FMNNK\[NFTGCEKOCBZWK[ZBNMVK[KVGZSOCXGNVK

STKU8)H(".

FMGGRFFPYGZK\[NFIGYFKK\FNTDQCSNFCSKSKB\PMNGNF[KZG\KOFZVGBKKONFO

HYGYFBHZIGBSVY\OTNKEKSVY[KZG\KOBIE{BI\PYGVG\FIGNKOFYKKPG\BG

MBNF[\YGPRFCT\KE.MGGR\FIGYFKK\FDONFMKNCSN{NBIZ\YGV\PTCZ[N

[NG[[RKO{B\F[KZG\KO[FKGCBIZKG\K[KZF[NFPEKRFG[NFCKJGIFNBGPKNVRK

\IGN\FIGY.BNFMGNNKO[KZG\KZVGBFPGRT\,[KZG\KCZKBG\FRV[G"SN=NKEF".SN

FNKEFBMQRMNN\IKNFCSNF[KZG\KOFCSKSK,BLFGXBPFSNC[R\.1997

NDCK[KZG\KZVGBFPGRT\G[KZG\KCZKBG\FRV[,YGVG\FIGNKOGFPP[NFJZOFDKTG

NFSMPFTNFTCZ\F[KZG\KO.FIGYTGEMQC=1999TNPR\NBV[ZN[ZFCZKBG\

NFVZK[PSLPYGZG\PKPGQFIGYSMGOMSVKNPE"B.FFYXBFNYGVG\{"FSMGO

NINGYF"{FKBFK\ZFP\GLSLMNF\YCGNKOPPYGZG\FPKPGQF[GRKOFPVGZJKO

INYZCKTK:ZYTGRKPGYKONFPNXG\1 2 3

CIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\K{STKU13,NBIZRKMGKFGXBG\FPKGTEG\NPKPGQ[KZG\K

CZKBG\NVZJ,PE"BGMKG"C)ZBFNP[NSTKU16G69{NIGY(.

STKU9NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KYGCT:

")B([ZFCZKBG\G[ZFBGXZKYCTG,TO\IKN\G[NIGYHF,CBK[GZGTE\FTCGEF

GFZGGIF[NFMRS\B\TNG\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\,GCNCE[TNG\FSNNB\VI\

PSLMNFFGXBF[NYGVG\FIGNKOC\YXKCQFZDKNC[R\1993GC\GSV\

FSMGPKOPPYGZG\FPKPGQ[CSTKU13)B()3(G=)4(C[R\.1993

)B1()1(FINC[R\1997\VGZSOPEK[RF,CSPGLNPGTEFTEMGQNVKSTKU

YJQ)C()2(,TNG\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\.

)2(TNG\SN[KZG\KFCZKBG\PFGGFB\SMGOFPZMKCKOFPVGZJKONFNQNBIZ

TEMGRONVK[KJG\FTEMGQF[GRG\[RYCTGNFQ:

)C()1(TNG\FSNNYGVG\\\TEMQPEK[RFC[KTGZTNKK\PEEKGYZFCZKBG\

[\VZSOFN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYF;PZMKCKPEEKGYZFCZKBG\KFKG

MPVGZJC\GSV\FIPK[K\;

)2([ZFCZKBG\G[ZFBGXZKYCTG,CBK[GZGTE\FTCGEFGFZGGIF[NFMRS\,B\

PGTEKFTEMGQ;

)3([ZFCZKBG\G[ZFBGXZZ[BKO,TNVKFPNX\PGTX\FCZKBG\GCBK[GZGTE\

FTCGEFGFZGGIF[NFMRS\N[RG\CXGB\FZMCPEEKGYZFCZKBG\,BGNTEMQ

B\TNG\FSNNYGVG\C[NF[KRGKKOFEPGDZVKKO[INGCBGMNGSKKF".

FGGTEFDGZS\CPSYRG\KF,P[FGDEZFFHMBG\FXKCGZK\CBPXTG\SN[KZG\KO

G\ZGVG\,K[NPPRGTNVKTNG\GFZKBNK\.BOBKQFPP[NFKMGNFNPPQHMBG\HG{

TNKFNYCGTCCKZGZBNG[KZG\KOKKDZTGPPRF.

C.YCKT\TNG\FSNFCSKSKGBGVQTEMGRF

CSTKU9NIGYCKJGICZKBG\PPNM\KRYCTMKTNG\FSN\\TEMQPEK[RFC[KTGZ

TNKK\PEEKGYZFCZKBG\[\VZSOFN[MFFPZMHK\NSJJKSJKYFGMKPZMKCKPEEKGYZ

FCZKBG\KFKGMPVGZJC\GSV\FIPK[K\NIGY.

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CEKBNKHF(,PIN\DG[F,\NSPKFPKD'GZBGBKRJZPKEKF,FPGVKNKF,IGNFBGR[BHIV

FPJGVNCBPXTG\PTMCKVZGJKHF)Protease(.F\[NGOTCGZPING\BNGFGBNVKSMGO

YCGTN[RFNMNPCGJIFIGNFCBI\PPING\BNG.

PYEPKRGSI\FYVKJXKFRYCTGTOMRKS\FIGYN\GYUG[GRGCKRGBZ.1997F[KRGKMNN

TEMGQR\GRKOTNXZKM\[KZG\KCZKBG\CDKNBKOF[GRKO,GMQFGXB\RG[BFKGNEG\PIGW

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NVK"PZIY"NBKG[PF.

INGY\FPYGZG\TNVKSTKU17NIGYCKQYGVG\FIGNKORT[K\TNVKP[YNQ[NPSVZ

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NMNYCGX\DKN,P[YNFPCJBB\F[GRKFKISKCTNG\XZKM\[KZG\KCZKBG\CMN

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%100.00

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CKQFYGVG\.BKQFRGSIFPM\KCFZPFHG.FRGSIFRGTEFNINYCBGVQXGEYG[GGKGRKB\

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BIETNZTFG.SGDKK\FFYXBF[NFPYGZG\FXKCGZKKOCMNNGNYGVG\FIGNKOCVZJFKB

PGZMC\NPZG\[PRDRGRKFFYXBFFOPZMKCKOPZMHKKONKK[GOPEKRKG\CZKBG\

GN\VYGEFFKTKNGF[GGKGRK[NFPTZM\)HPGZFGBIZKO2002(.ZB[K\,BKQPRDRGQ

NFYXBFPGSEZ\NSNF[KZG\KOFCSKSK[CPKPGQXKCGZK.[RK\,BKQPRDRGQFYXBFPGSEZ

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PRDRGQFYVKJXKFNFYXBF[NPZCK\FPYGZG\FXKCGZKKONYGVG\FIGNKO{NBTGEMRG

PBH[R\1995,NPZG\,[NZ[G\FPTZM\MKGOPKETZCKG\ZPB[ZCBG\FT\.

PYEPKYVKJXKFPGNPYEPKFGXBF

PYEOFGXBF PYEOYVKJXKF DKN

0.69 1.26 4=0

0.26 0.48 14=5

0.40 0.42 24=15

0.62 0.58 34=25

0.74 0.74 44=35

1.13 1.21 54=45

1.99 1.86 64=55

3.32 2.90 74=65

4.61 3.64 +75

PYGZ:RKKZTPEF[FGD[NGGTEF,[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\,KGNK.2001

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HPGZFGBIZKO2002(.

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FPNXFPSVZ3

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3.2FTEMGQ[NFFGXBFFKISK\CVGTNNVKDKNKCGXTTNCSKSR\GRKO\YGV\KKO,

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3.3K[GRGYCGXG\FDKN[TNKFQPCGSS\RGSI\FFYXBFFRGMIK\:

YCGX\FDKN0=4\IGNYN[\KYCGXG\DKN:0=1;1=.4

YCGX\FDKN+75\IGNYN[\KYCGXG\DKN:84=75;+.84

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P[\RKORGSVKOCRGSIFNVIG\BI\N=4[RKO.BOKGINJTNTEMGQFFGXBF

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NSJJKSJKYF)ZBFFPNXF3.2(.


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IGNKOXKCGZKKONCKQFZGVBKOFCMKZKO,FP\KZKOCKXGT[KZG\ZVGBKVZJKCKQMG\NKCK\

FIGNKO.

[KZG\ZVGBKVZJKVGTNMKGOCBGVQPPGSEZYCC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKOCKZG[NKO{

FESF,[TZKXEYGCYGZIGNKO{[KZG\ZVGBKVZJK)NFNQ=[Z"V(.CC\KIGNKOBNF

ZGVBKOCMKZKOZ[BKOCPDCNG\PSGKPG\GCFKYUYJQGPCGYZ,NJVNCIGNKOVZJKKOCKQ

MG\NKCK\FIGNKOGCPYZKOPKGIEKODOPIGWNG.FIGNFP[NONPGSECBGVQK[KZBG

CBPXTG\ICZ\CKJGI,GFZGVBKOPYCNKOINYPGDEZGPGSMOPQF\[NGO.

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FIGNKOPTPKENZ[G\FZGVBKO[KZG\KO,PM[GZGXKGEXKCGZKKONJKVGNCIGNKOFVGRKO

BNKFOCPSDZ\HG.FSEZHFPBV[ZNZGVBKOFDEN\FMRSF,GNIGNKO{CIKZ\ZGVB

MZXGRO.FVTN\F[Z"VP\CXT\CPSVZ\RBKOPDCKNKOFP\KKISKOCTKYZNBKSGZ

FYEP\\GZ,NYCKT\PDCNG\[NHPQGPYGO,NYCKT\PMSG\VTKNG\G[TG\VTKNG\

GMG'.C[RKOFBIZGRG\F\V[JFF\GVTFDONC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO.FRG[BRCIQ

GR[NNCP\MGR\GFRGMIK\CTYCG\IGG\ET\G[NFKGTWFP[VJKNPP[NFPKGO

14.02.02,GFGVSYCTYCG\VSKY\CD"WPKGO.11.08.02

CKGO20.10.02FINKJFFPP[NF)FINJFPS'2605(:"NFRIG\B\[ZKFCZKBG\

GFBGXZ,CF\KKTXG\TORXKC[KZG\FPEKRF,NYCGT,CPSDZ\\KYGQN\YRG\KSGEG\

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C\[NGO,C\BDKEKFCZKBG\[NKEC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOFMNNKKO,GHB\TNKSGE

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BIKEKOGCZPFRBG\FNMGNOFKBFEZLFCNTEK\NFCJI\BSVY\[KZG\KOICZ\KKO

NMNNFXKCGZ.RMHCFDOFBPGRF,[NVKFRK\QNF[KDHB\ZYBO[MCG\FCKRKKOKXZMG

B\F[KZG\KO[MGNOXGZMKO,GPQFS\OK[P[GDOMPVYIKOTNZP\OTCGZMNN


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NTYGUMNRKSKGQNPRGTPFOB\PKPG[HMG\ONCIGZ.

PXEEKFSEZHFPPNKXKONFKTRG\NXGZMKBG\GFXKCGZ,FTGPETNHMG\GNCIGZZGVB

\PGZ\\[NGODOCKQMG\NKC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO,KIETOKXKZ\MNNKOCZGZKO

G[YGVKONPKSGEFFSEZKO\I\VKYGIGCYZFFEGYKO,BPKRKOGCN\K\NGKKOG\GL

BV[ZG\NFVTN\SRYXKG\RDEPVKZKFQ.

FZGVBKOPZP\PGPIFGPTNF,[KZXGNTCGECPSDZ\HG,K\IKKCGNTCGECPSDZ\CK\

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CVZYJKYFVZJK\BGCTCGEFRGSV\[NBC[NKIG\CK\FIGNKO.

JTGRKOFPIKKCKOFRFD\FSEZCIKZ\ZGVB\PGZ\\[NGO

CMNC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO:

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JTGRKO[N[GNNKCIKZ\ZGVB\PGZ\\[NGO

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GCSGDKFJKVGN.CVGTNFGBBKRGVG\ZB\CTKK\BKFKPXBG\O[NFZGVBKOFCMKZKOCKQ

MG\NKCK\FIGNKO,[INYOPIHKYYNKRKYG\VZJKG\GINYOPGTSYCINYKP[ZG\

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.BKGEBG\FPNGGFCBGVQJCTKCI[[G\GCIZEG$FECZRMGQCPKGIECPYZF[N

TGCEKOYCGTKO(;

.PTPEFBKDGEKOFPYXGTKKOCPTCZN\KBDGE;

.I[[NVDKTFCFSMPKTCGEFYKKPKO,NBKCGEFCKJIGQCPYGOFTCGEFGI[[

PVDKTFCZP\F[MZGFVRSKF;

.FKGGXZG\[RKSGDKTGCEKOC\RBKFTSYF[GRKO)G\KYKOGIE[KO(;

.KXKZ\HKYFCKQ\VGYFN\PGZF.

F.PRYGE\ZBG\FXKCGZ:

.CK\FIGNKOKPNBB\\VYKEKGCK\ZDPK[G\GCP\QPTRKOPFKZKONXZMKOP[\RKO;

.CK\FIGNKOK[\IZZPPDCNG\\VTGNKG\GPMCNKOCKGZGYZJKKO;\\YKKOCG

.\IZG\TNFBKMG\,TNZP\F[KZG\GTNFPIKZ;

.[GY\IZG\K[KCKBNIE[RG\GNF\KKTNG\;

.F\IZG\P\GLFDEZF\DZGONXZMRKONCEGYGNF[GG\,GCF\BO{NCRG\B\

PTZLEZK[G\KFO.

.4KK[GOF\KBDGE

B.F\DCZG\TNFISPKO:

ZKCGK"CTNKFTRKKQ"GFI[[G\FMCEKOPVRKFFVZEFPIKKCKOB\YCZRKJKPTZM\


FCZKBG\NVTGNCRIK[G\GC\CGRFNKK[GO\FNKLFFVZEF.FI[[FMCEPMGNFGB,

[V[ZG\PSGKPG\KCKBGNKXKZF[NDGVKOTXPBKKO,[BKROTGRKOTNFXKVKG\,G[FEZL

IHZF\FKKFCTKK\K\GPSGCM\.NMQK[NVTGNC[KYGNET\,CP\KRG\GCHFKZG\,\GL

[K\GUMNCTNKFTRKKQC\FNKLYCN\FFINJG\.

INYPFVTGNG\NYZB\CKXGTFFVZEFKMGNNF\CXTMCZT\F,NEGDPF:

.F\RFNG\MNMNK\[NC\KFIGNKO:TPKEFC\YXKC,F\KKTNG\,GMKG"C.

.VK\GI[NBPXTKKCYZF,VKYGIGBMKVFCP[ZEFCZKBG\.

.JKVGNC\TZKVKOCPTZM\FCZKBG\.

C.[NCKVTGNFTKYZKKO:

.YCKT\M\GC\BI\CZGZF,PGDEZ\GCTN\SPMG\NJKVGNCMN[NCKF\KBDGE,

[\FKFDGUPGCKN[KGZMCPRXKDKP[ZEFBGXZGP[ZEFCZKBG\.

.FDEZ\F\VYKEKO,FP[BCKOGFSPMGKG\[NFDGUFPGCKN{FMGNNVKFTRKKQ.

.FMR\PEZKLPSGEZ,FP\GGFB\MN[NCKFCKXGT[N\FNKLF\KBDGE.

.YCKT\SEZKTEKVGKG\GYEKPGKG\CJKVGN,NZCG\SEZC\KFIGNKOFPKGTEKON\BDGE

GYCKT\FTK\GK.

.NKPGEGFTZMF[NMNCK\IGNKOFPKGTEN\BDGETNPBVKKRKGFSVXKVKKO.

.FMR\RGFNPVGZJ[NFNKLF\KBDGEFSVXKVK,[NEZK[G\FIGYGFVKYGI.

.NKGGK[NCKFKK[GOFZB[GRKKO[NTXPBG\C\KFIGNKO.

D.ICZFPP[N\K\:

NET\FGGTEF,RK\QN[YGNM[NCPYEKONFTRY\TXPBG\PNBFNC\KFIGNKO

FPP[N\KKOB\FTCZ\OC[NCZB[GQNPTPE[NICZG\PP[N\KG\.FECZKKT[F\GL

F\BP\FRFNKON\VTGNC\KIGNKOMEKNFYNTNF[D\[K\GUVTGNF[NFTGCEKO

)FTGCEKOFRGMIKKOKK[BZGCSJJGS[NTGCEKPEKRF(,FREN"Q,FPM[GZGFXKGEKK[BZG

C[NCHFCCTNG\PNBF[NFPEKRF.

FK\ZGRG\CPTCZNICZFPP[N\K\:

.[IZGZPFKZ[NP[ZEFCZKBG\P\VTGNK[KZ[NC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO.

.TXPBG\RKFGNK\G\YXKCK\[NC\KFIGNKO.

.P[LFHPQNCKXGTFFVZEFYXZKG\Z,[MQFPSDZ\FIGYK\GFBZDGRK\YKKP\.



FPNXFPSVZ7.1

\KBDGEC\KFIGNKO

7.1.1C\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGC\KFIGNKO[N[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\KGTCZGNPTPE

[N\BDKEKOTXPBKKO[NBNPJZG\ZGGI.

7.1.2\BDKEKFCZKBG\FYKKPKO)"YZRG\FPIYZ"(K[GNCGCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO,

[KFKGCPTPE[N\BDKEKOTXPBKKO,MBPGZNTKN.

7.1.3MEKNPRGTTKMGCKOCFNKLF\KBDGE,PGPNW[C[NCPYEKOKGTCZGC\KFIGNKO

FPP[N\KKONPTPE[NICZG\PP[N\KG\.

7.1.4KGYOPRDRGQCN\K\NGKNPKRGKEKZYJGZKOCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKO.BV[Z

NF[\P[CPGENPKRGKFEKZYJGZKOCCRYKO[FKGCFSEZ,BGCP\MGR\"FGGTEF

NCEKY\PKRGKKO~\KYGQ:\[R"D|,STKU60B.VZYD')FEKZYJGZ(NIGYZ[G\

FICZG\FPP[N\KG\".

7.1.5PSVZICZKFEKZYJGZKGQCC\KFIGNKOFPP[N\KKOGCC\KFIGNKO[N[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\NBKTNFTN7,GKFKFCGZGCNRXKDKXKCGZ.KG"ZFEKZYJGZKGQKPGRF

PYZCRXKDKFXKCGZ.

7.1.6PKENBIZVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF\PRFFPP[NFDGUPGCKN,[KGZMCPRXKDK

FPP[NFGPRXKDK[KZG\KCZKBG\MNNK\.FDGUFPGCKNKZMHB\FNKLF\KBDGE,

KRFNBG\G,KVYITNKGGKNGGFBG\GNVIG\CIP[[RG\FFVTNFFZB[GRG\.

C\IGPKBIZKG\GKKMNNGFMR\NGIHPRKOPVGZJNMN[NCKFCKXGT,P[BGP\Q

TOBZDGRKFTGCEKOGYCKT\FSEZKOTPO,FXPE\XGG\KSKGTBZDGRKKOGMNMNKKO

NMN\BDKEGFVTN\Z[\CKJIGQCPKE\FXGZL.

7.1.7KGDEZGKISKFDGPNKQCKQP[ZEFCZKBG\N\BDKEKOFPP[N\KKOGCKQ"[KZG\K

CZKBG\MNNK\",N\BDKEKF.MPGMQKGDEZGFKISKOCKQP[ZEFCZKBG\MZDGNJGZ

NCKQF\BDKEKO[KYGPG.

7.1.8F\BDKENBKFKFFCTNKO[NFREN"Q.FOKTPEGNZ[G\GN\VTGN,N\IHGYF

GNVK\GIBGNONBNPKPG[,GFMGNNVKFMNNKO[KYCTFDGUFPGCKN.

7.1.9CPTCZNPTPE[N\BDKENBKIGNGTNF\BDKEFIE[\[NGPKOCDKQFTCZ

)F\IKKCGKG\,HMGKG\TGCEKOGMKG"C(.


7.2PCRFIJKC\K

CT[GZKOFBIZGRKOFNLGFXJCZFKETFZVGBK,GPYXGTFZVGBFRT[FP\GIMOGPGZMC

KG\Z,T[KZCJMRGNGDKG\P\YEPG\GCKMGNG\BCIGQGJKVGN.F\V\IGKG\BNFFCKBG

NF\CSSG\Q[NF\PIGKG\ZCG\GPDGGRG\,FPCKBG\NKEKCKJGKB\FIKEG[KO,B\FKET,

B\FKMGNG\GB\FYKEPFC\IGPKOBNF.

ZGVBKOZCKOP\PIKOCKG\ZPF\PIG\BI\{F\PIG\=TN.MVGTNKGXB,DO

FPINYG\F\VXNGNDGVKOIE[KO:KIKEG\,PZMHKO,PMGRKOGPTCEG\.FDGVKOFIE[KO

[RGXZGINYOBUT\KZMGIBEO,GTGSYKOCFOCTKYZCPYXGT=FTN[P\PIKOCG,

M[FY[ZTOFPYXGTFZB[KCPYZKOPSGKPKOFGNLGP\ZGVU.

VKXGNHFFCKBNML,[CC\KIGNKOZCKOTNFPRFNNTCGETOT[ZG\PRFNKO,GYKKOYG[K

NYKKOFNKMKPKRFN,VKYGIGCYZFCZPFFGNP\GSCKZF.FXGZLC[KVGZPGJ\F[NKJF

[NPRFNCK\FIGNKOFGMZTNKEKFZGCFPMZKT[NFTGSYKOCPTZM\FCZKBG\.

FMGGRFFKBNBV[ZKG\ZBGJGRGPKFRKFGNK\PYXGTK\CEKSKVNKRG\F[GRG\,BLCFC[TF

NBDEB\FEKSKVNKRG\[K[NFQHKYFP[G\V\{KIKEG\,[KZG\KOGPINYG\{

CPSDZG\ZICG\GDEGNG\KG\ZMEKNIHYB\F[KZG\FRK\QNPJGVNKOGNKKTNBG\G.[KRGK

HF[NPKSGEIJKCG\ZVGBKG\ZBGK[KCGXT\GLPKSGEPCRFFKZZMKCZGZKG\ZCKQPRFNK

FIJKCG\GPRFNCKF"IGCKQPRFNKFIJKCG\GFDGVKOFPZMKCKOB\FIJKCF.

MCZCEGIGTE\R\RKFGHGFG[RKPZMKCKOTKYZKKOFRIGXKONRKFGNBVYJKCKKG\Z[NC\K

FIGNKO:

.PTCZNPCRFIJKC\K[KBV[ZNKXGZEZDCKRKKOCRKFGNC\KFIGNKOFDEGNKO,NGGS\

P[BCKONVKFXZMKO,NCRG\PSDZG\BVYJKCKG\KG\ZNF\PIG\,NF\RSG\,

NFT[ZFGNVK\GIFPIYZFZVGBK.

.ZGJXKG\C\VYKEKPRFNKFPINYG\.

FSKCG\[FCKBGB\PZCK\FDGZPKONFMKZCI[KCG\FPCRFFIJKC\K:

.FXGZLC[KVGZ\FNKMKYCN\FFINJG\CBPXTG\[KNGCPRFNKFIJKCG\G/BG

FEZDKOFPYXGTKKOFCMKZKOCRKFGNF[GJU[NCK\FIGNKO.

.FXGZLC[KVGZFRKFGNFZVGBKGFBEPKRKSJZJKCKGKKTGNGCBPXTG\[KRGK"PGJ\

F[NKJF"[NPRFNCK\FIGNKO.

.FKMGN\NGGS\MGIBEOCBGVQDPK[GTV"KXZMKOP[\RKO.

.FXGZLC[KVGZFM[Z\ZGVBKOC\IGPKFF\PIG\,FFGZBFGFPIYZT"KFRFD\

ZGJXKFCKQFPINYG\,FKIKEG\GF[KZG\KOFPZMKCKOB\FIJKCF,GI[KV\O


NPDGGQBSMGNG\GDK[G\YNKRKG\,\GL\KBGOG[K\GUFXGG\FZVGBKFPDGGQCFM[Z\

FP\PIKO.

.FXGZLCRKXGNKTKNKG\Z[NFP[BCKO,C\MRGQJGCKG\Z[NF[KZG\KO,[NFPIYZ

G[NVTKNGKG\BIZG\.

.FXGZLCP\QPTRFPFKZKG\ZNXZMKO[GJVKO.

ICZKFGGTEFF\Z[PGMKFRKSKGRG\N[VZB\PGJ\F[NKJF,GCTYCG\MLB\F\VYGE,

CBPXTG\KXKZ\VGRYXKG\CKRKKO[NP[RKONPRFNCK\FIGNKOBGNPRM"N,[NSDRK

PRFNKOGMKG"CNBV\ZGB\FCTKG\,BNBCPYZKONBPGTJKOBUFIPKZGB\FPXC

GCKKIGEB\BKFGGEBG\CB[ZNSPMGKG\,NMVKVGKG\GNBIZKG\[NFPRFNKOCEZDKO

F[GRKO.

FFSMPFFZICFNDCKFXGZLCFYP\IJKCG\YKCNFFMZFGCKJGKPP[KMB[ZCKGO

20.6.94RI\OFSMOYKCGXK,[XGZUBNKGRSVIFEQC\VYGEFZGVBKO.CKQF[BZRYCTG

EZDG\GYZKJZKGRKONYKEGON\VYKEPRFNBDUBGIJKCFCCK\IGNKO[CGPTN500

PKJG\.CKGO15.8.94RI\O"RSVIF[NPF"NFSMOFYKCGXKPKGO.20.6.94CSTKU1

NRSVIFF[NPFSGMO,MK"RSVIFF[NPFPFGGFINYCN\KRVZEPFFSMOFYKCGXK".

CSTKU16CRSVIFF[NPFRYCTMENYPQ:"FINP=1.1.95\GYPRFIJKCG\CMN

CK\IGNKOCQ500PKJG\MNNKG\GPTNF".

STKU16.1:"IJKCFFKBXCZ[NPINYG\,PMGRKO,[KZG\KOGKIKEG\FRPXBKOMGNO

CBG\GCK\IGNKOGFROCTNKHKYFP[G\V\BGTRKKQP[G\UCF\BON\RBKOFYKKPKO

CBG\GCK\IGNKO".

STKU16.2:"MPRFNIJKCFKKCIZPRFNPINYF/KIKEF,BGSDQPRFNPINYFCMKZ,BG

SDQPRFNPINYF[FRGCTNRKSKGQ[NNBVIG\P=3[RKOC\VYKEG".

STKU16.3:"PRFNIJKCFFGBFSPMG\CPSDZ\KIKEG\FIJKCFNRGFNKTCGEF,

NF\PIG\,NFGZBFGNPIYZGCNCE[NBK\TZCC[KYGNFET\FZVGBKNDCKFIGNF

MVZJ".

STKU16.4:"CMNPGSEZVGBKFI\GOTNFSMOYKCGXKHF,KKYCTFZMCFIJKCG\

GFPCRFFVRKPK[NFOCF\BPFNXGZMKFPGSEGCFSMP\BZDGQFZGVBKO".

STKU16.5:"PRFNFIJKCFKKCIZNYERXKF[NNBKG\ZP=4[RKO.NBIZYERXKFBI\

KGMNPRFNFIJKCFNFXKDPGTPEG\GNYERXKFRGSV\C\[R\KKOCNCE.FCIKZF\KT[F

CFXCTFI[BK\TNKEKMNFZGVBKOFYCGTKOCIJKCF".

STKU16.6:"PRFNIJKCF[SKKO\VYKEGK[GCN\VYKEGFYGEOGCNCE[KK[BZCEZDF


[BNKFFDKT.EZDFHG\FVGLNEZDFBK[K\,NBIZ3[RKO[N[FKKFCEZDF{KFKFHMBK

N\GSV\[FKKFCKQ[R[BZMPRFNIJKCFGCKQ[SKKO\VYKEG".

P[R\DNTGIKNGYKETG\CKQFXEEKOCB[ZNKK[GOSTKU16NRSVIFF[NPF,FGTCZ

FTRKKQNTE\PTYCFVGTN\PMGISTKU14NFSMOFYKCGXK.CKGO27.3.95FINKJF

GTE\FPTYCMENYPQ:

."\GYOGTEFNCEKY\RG[BFYP\PCRFIJKC\KCC\KFIGNKO[CSTKU16NRSVI

FF[NPFPKGO.15.8.94

.FS\EZG\PEKXKRK\FESF\XZUI\KP\FNRSVIFF[NPFPKGO15.8.94".

\VYKEFGGTEFFVZKJJK\FKFNEGQGNFPNKWCRG[BFMNN\IJKCG\ZVGBKG\CPCRF

FBZDGRK[NC\KFIGNKO.FGGTEFYKKPFPSVZK[KCG\,BGNONBFDKTFNSKMGO.CFKTEZ

SKMGOPIKKCVR\FFZ"KNCK\FEKQFBHGZKNTCGEF.

CK\FEKQFBHGZKNTCGEFC\NBCKC=KVG,CFINJ\GPKGO18.6.01YCTCRG[B

FZNGGRJKNTRKKRRG:

."BRGPXFKZKOMKSTKU16.5NRSVIFF[NPFCJNCFSMP\FXEEKO.K\Z

FSTKVKOFYJRKOCSTKU16[ZKZKOGYKKPKO.

.TNFXEEKONFP[KLGNRFNPG"PC\GONCCSGDKK\EZLCIKZ\PRFNFIJKCF.

CRGSU,TNFXEEKONFP[KLNRFNPG"PC\GONCCB[ZN\RBK[MZG[NPRFN

IJKCF".

TPE\FGGTEF

YKKOXGZLFGNLGDGCZCPTZM\N[KVGZPGJ\F[NKJF[NPRFNCK\FIGNKOCBPXTG\

BKIGEEKSKVNKRG\ZVGBKG\CTNG\HKYFG/BGTRKKQP[G\U.FECZKKT[FCBPXTG\PTCZ

NPCRFIJKC\K,\GLMEKPKSGEPCRFFKZZMKCZGZKG\ZCKQPRFNKFIJKCG\NCKQPRFN

CK\FIGNKO.

FRKSKGRG\NF\PGEEG\TOFPXKBG\[RMV\FTNFPTZM\CBPXTG\PSVZZC[N

VGRYXKG\CKRKKO[NSDRKPRFNKOMNNKKOG[NP[RKONPRFNKOFMNNKKONBV\ZGB\

FCTKF,GZYFIPKZGB\FVDKTFCPGJ\F[NKJF[NPRFNKC\KFIGNKO.

ICZKFGGTEFSCGZKO,MKK[NFYKOCMNCK\IGNKOIJKC\P[BCKO[\FKFPGVYE\,

CKQF[BZ,TN\IGOP[BCKBRG[,RMSKOGNGDKSJKYF,MNMNFGMSVKO,PI[GCGPKET.

CRGSUSCGZFFGGTEF,[CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,BVKNGCC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500


PKJG\,K[XGZLCIJKC\SKTGEGCPYXGTG\VZB=ZVGBKKO,[\FKKFPGVYE\TN\IGPK

FSKTGE,FVKHKG\ZVKF,FZKVGKGTKSGY,F[KZG\FSGXKBNKGTN[KVGZF[KZG\CCK\FIGNKO.

MEKNFYRG\NIJKCG\MMNNGNZB[KFIJKCG\CVZJSPMG\GBIZKG\SCGZKOICZK

FGGTEF,MKPRFNKFIJKCG\IKKCKONFGG\INYPFXGG\FRKFGNK[NCK\FIGNKO.

ZGCICZKFGGTEFCETF,MKTOFPTCZNPCRFIJKC\KK[NCJNB\MNFVGRYXKG\

FRKFGNKG\FYKKPG\{P[RKOGSDRKONPRFNKC\KFIGNKO.CPJZFNFYNTNPRFNCK\

FIGNKONF\PGEETOF[KRGKFBZDGRKFPGXTRK\QN[YGNPKRGKTGHZKONPRFNCK\FIGNKO.

BIEPPRFNKFIJKCG\KPGRFNPPNBPYGONPRFNCK\FIGNKOCT\FKTEZG.

ZGCICZKFGGTEFSCGZKO,MKK[N\\NPRFNKFIJKCG\B\FSPMGKG\F\YXKCKG\/

RKFGNKG\GB\FBIZKG\N\VYGEPINYG\,PMGRKO,[KZG\KOGKIKEG\CTNG\HKYF

P[G\V\,MGNNFTRY\FSPMG\NRFNB\MGIFBEOGNGGS\GCPSDZ\FIJKCG\[TNKFQ

KGVYEG.FTRY\SPMGKG\MBPGZ,\DZGONPT[F[FVGRYXKG\FBZDGRKG\FYKKPG\)P[RKO

GSDRKO(K\ZGYRGP\GMRQ,KPRTGMVKNG\GK\CJNFI[[NBKCFKZGKG\GNTPKPG\CSPMGKG\

GCBIZKG\.

ICZKFGGTEF,VZGV'C.ZPG\GVZGV'B.K[ZBNKPS\KKDKOPFBPGZCFPNXG\7.2.6

G=.7.2.8NET\OFXGZL[KFKGNPRM"NP[RF,SDQGMKG"C,FGBXGZLPGXEYFTGPECVRK

TXPGCPRG\YPSGDKK\FYP\FIJKCG\.EZD\OGPSVZO[NEZDKCKRKKOBNF\NGK,

MPGCQ,CFKYUFVTKNG\[NMNCK\FIGNKO.

FPCRFFIJKC\KFPGXTKDEKNB\BV[ZGKG\FYKEGO[NZGVBKO.

RKFGNFIJKCFKFKFN\YGVFYXGCFPZB[,[N5[RKO.TO\GOFYERXKF\KTZLCIKZF

[NPRFNFIJKCF.PRFNFIJKCFFKGXBKFKFZ[BKNFDK[B\PGTPEG\GNYERXKF

RGSV\.NPRFNCK\IGNKO\FKFFSPMG\NFBZKLB\MFGR\PRFNFIJKCFN[R\KKO

RGSVG\CNB[KTPGENCIKZFPIE[.MKGGQ[PRFNFIJKCFFGBINYPSDNFFRFNF,BRG

PPNKXKOMKPRFNFIJKCFKKCIZN\VYKEGNVKFMNNKOFPYGCNKONCIKZ\SDQPRFNCK\

IGNKOCMNBIEPFBZDGRKO/FPGSEG\FZVGBKKO.PGCQ[DOFPRFNKOFPZMKCKOB\

FIJKCF,MDGQPRFNKFPINYG\GFKIKEG\,KMFRGCZGJXKF[\CKBNZTRGQC[GZG\FRKFGN.

ICZKFGGTEFK.ERGQGVZGV'E.X'ZRKIGCSYKPS\KKDKOPFPNXF7.2.17NVKFPRFN

IJKCF[SKKO[\K\YGVG\MFGRFPNBG\)10[RKO(GKFKFPTGRKKQNFK[BZCPTZM\{

KK[PZGNG\RBKF[MZ[FKGNGCT\PKNGK\VYKEPRFNIJKCF.FPNX\OFKBMKPRFN

FIJKCF[SKKO[\K\YGVG\MFGRFPNBG\KFKFMBPGZHMBKNYCNTNMN[R\RKFGN

IJKCF%10P"\GSV\RKFGNIJKCF"BLCMNPYZF\GLYCKT\\YZF[N%50

PF\GSV\.



FPNXFPSVZ7.2

PCRFIJKC\K

7.2.1MNC\KFIGNKOFXKCGZKKO[CFOKG\ZP=500PKJG\KTCZGNPCRFIJKC\K.

7.2.2CIJKCFKFKGPINYG\,PMGRKO,[KZG\KOGKIKEG\[NCK\FIGNKO,GFYZKJZKGRKO

GSGDKFIJKCG\KKYCTGC\IGOFSVXKVK,MDGQ:VRKPK\,MKZGZDK\,KNEKO,R[KO

GPKKNEG\,EKPG\GMKG"C,NVKXGZMKCK\FIGNKOGPBVKKRKG.

7.2.3CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,MGNNC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500PKJG\,\GYOIJKC\

SKTGEGPYXGTG\VZB=ZVGBKKO.IJKCFHG\FKFPGVYE\TN\IGPKFSKTGE,TN

FVKHKG\ZVKF,TNFZKVGKCTKSGY,TNF[KZG\FSGXKBNKGTN[KVGZF[KZG\CCK\

FIGNKO.

7.2.4CMNCK\IGNKOXKCGZK,GDOCC\KIGNKO[CFOVIG\P=500PKJG\,\GYO

IJKC\P[BCKO.IJKCFHG\FKFPGVYE\TN\IGORKFGNP[BCKBRG[,RMSKO

GNGDKSJKYF,MNMNFGMSVKO,PI[GCGPKET.

7.2.5PSVZFIJKCG\[KGYPGKG\RFCPSVZFPKJG\CMNCK\IGNKOCF\BONVKZGJ

FCB:

PSVZPKJG\B[VGHPSVZFIJKCG\FMGNN

0=5002

501=7003=5

701=10005=6

1001GPTNF6

7.2.6TOFPTCZNPCRFIJKC\KKCGJNGMNF\VYKEKOFRKFGNKKOFYKKPKO,GCMNNHF

SDRKPRFNKOGP[RKONPRFNCK\FIGNKO.

7.2.7PRFNCK\FIGNKOGPRFNKFIJKCG\KFKGXGG\FRKFGNFCMKZ[NCK\FIGNKO.

7.2.8CMNCK\IGNKOK[P[BIEPPRFNKFIJKCG\PPNBPYGO[NPRFNCK\FIGNKO

CT\FKTEZG.

7.2.9SPMGKG\PRFNFIJKCFFZVGBK\GBIZKG\GKMNNGB\BKMG\FJKVGN,B\ZP\

F[KZG\,B\FFGZBF,B\FM[Z\FSDNFZVGBKGB\FVTKNG\FPIYZK\,GMQB\

RKFGNF\YXKC[NFIJKCF.PRFNFIJKCFKFKFMVGUNPRFNCK\FIGNKOGBIZBK


NT[KKFGN\GXBG\.CMNPYZFIGC\PRFNFIJKCF\FKKFNGGEBMKIGNF

CPSDZ\FIJKCF,[IGPZ\PIN\GPIKKC\JKVGNTNKEKZGVBCTNPKGPRGKG\

PKGIEG\,KJGVNTNKEKFZGVBFP\BKO.

7.2.10PRFNIJKCFKKCIZCPMZHNVKFRFNKOFPYGCNKONCIKZ\SDQPRFNCK\IGNKO

CMNBIEPQFBZDGRKOBGPQFPGSEG\FZVGBKKO.

7.2.11PRFNKFPINYG\,PRFNKFKIKEG\GPRFNKFPMGRKO{NPZG\[KFKGCPSDZ\

FIJKCG\,KGSKVGNFKG\BIZBKKONBSVYJKOFPYXGTKKO[NFVGRYXKG\

[CRKFGNO.

7.2.12PRFNFIJKCF\GTRYSPMG\NRKKETE%20PSL\YRKMGIFBEO[NFIJKCF

CKQZMKCKFIJKCF,NVKFXZMKOGNVKSEZFTEKVGKG\[KKYCT.

7.2.13N\VYKEPRFNIJKCFZVGBK\KKCIZZYZGVBCTNMK[GZKORKFGNKKOGPYXGTKKO

PGMIKO,CTNRKSKGQ[NIP[[RKONVIG\MPRFNPINYF/KIKEFPYXGTK\/PMGQ

BGSDQPRFNPINYFCMKZFTGPEC\RBKOBNF.

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BGMNGSKKFDEGNG\KG\Z:F[KZG\KOKKR\RGCBPXTG\"PZMHKCZKBG\YFKN\KKO",[K[P[G

NYKEGOCZKBG\GNPRKT\PING\.

"PZMHKFCZKBG\FYFKN\KKO"KMNNGB\FVZPJZKOFCBKO:

&[K\GUVTGNFPGCRFTODGZPKOYFKN\KKORGSVKO;

&M\GC\CRG[BKCZKBG\/[KZG\KONMNNFBGMNGSKKFGNBGMNGSKG\CTNG\XZMKO

PKGIEKO;

&CKXGTPIYZKOCRG[BXZMKOG[KZG\KOC\IGPKFCZKBG\,GFYP\PTCEFNVK\GI

VZGKYJKORKSKGRKKO;

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IKRGLGFSCZF

FXKCGZCK[ZBNPBGVKKQC\GETFXZMRK\FGNM\GDENF,[P[PTG\F{TNKKFCEZK[F

N[KZG\KCZKBG\P\YEPKOGNJMRGNGDKG\IEK[G\.

ZDK[G\FXKCGZNRG[BFZVGBK,FIZEFFPNGGFB\FRG[BFZVGBK,BKFGGEBG\GIGSZ

FKET,DGZPKONGCPYZKOPSGKPKONF\RFDG\XZMRK\NBZXKGRNK\,FDGZP\NFGXBG\

PKG\ZG\FQNPTZM\GFQNPCGJI.INYPFXKCGZPCGNCNP[VTFPKETTNKMGNG\

ZVGBKG\BGTNJMRGNGDKG\IE[RKG\,FPGVWCBGVQ\EKZCMNEZLBV[ZK\,GCPYZKO

ZCKOTNKEKDGZPKOBKRJZSRJKKO.

FGGTEFSCGZF,[PIGC\O[NFDGZPKOFTKYZKKOFVTKNKOCP[YFCZKBG\NVTGN

NFMGGRF[GJV\[NFXKCGZGNIKRGMGNF\RFDG\XZMRK\ZXKGRNK\.

ICZFGGTEFVZGV'B.K[ZBNKPS\KKDPFPKNF"Z[G\"CSTKU.9.1.4



FPNXFPSVZ9.1

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9.1.1P[ZEFCZKBG\KYCTC\GL[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEFSJREZJPKRKPGO

NP\Q[KZG\KZVGBFNYKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ,\GLIK[GCTNG\

F[KZG\,NZCG\TNG\F\[\KG\.MNSVYKF[KZG\KOKKEZ[GNTPGECEZK[\SU

HG.FGGTEFPPNKXFMKSJREZJHFKVGZSOC\YRG\GKTGEMQPT\NT\.TNVK

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IE[KOGC[MGRG\TKZGRKG\IE[G\.

9.1.2[KZG\KCZKBG\N\NPKEKGZICGTENMK\FK"C.C\GLIXK[RFKYCTP[ZE

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NVKYGIGNCYZF[KGGEBMKKKG[PGFSJREZJKO[FP[ZEYCT.FDGUFBPGZ

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FSZKYFTNKEKRG\RKF[KZG\KOF[GRKO,PKE\FKTRG\FBGMNGSKKFN[KZG\

GPKE\[CKTG\FZXGQPQF[KZG\.FEGIKMNGNI\MKO[GRKO,NZCG\RG\Q

F[KZG\GVKHGZDKBGDZVK.

9.1.4Z[G\NYKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ

9.1.4.1CPFNL[RFPKGOVZSGOFPNXG\FGGTEF,KKCIQP[ZEFCZKBG\B\

FXGZLCFYP\DGUTXPBKNYKEGOCZKBG\FBO,FKNEGFP\CDZ.DGUHF

CPKEFGKGINJTNFYP\G,KTSGYCMNFKCJKCZKBG\FXKCGZNBGMNGSKKF

HGCRG[BKIKRGLNCZKBG\,YKEGOCZKBG\,ZVGBFPGRT\G[PKZ\FCZKBG\

NZCG\CZKBG\F[Q,GDKCG[BGZIIKKOCZKBCSCKCFCZKBFNYZB\

FIKKOFCGDZKO[NFKNEFP\CDZ.

9.1.4.2DGUHFBOKYGOKVTNDOCYZCBGMNGSKK\FP\CDZKONPTQFDCZ\

FPGETG\NHMGKG\FPCGJIKO,GKVTNNFJPT\F\RFDG\XZMRK\ZXKGRNK\

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9.1.4.3CPKEFGKGYODGUHF,F\IRG\NCZKBG\FP[VIFFPGVTNG\TNKEK

P[ZEFCZKBG\KGTCZGNKEKG,\GLYCKT\FSEZKOP\BKPKOTOFTGCEKO.

9.1.4.4VTGNG\DGUHFKPGPRGMINYPFFYXBFFXKCGZK\NCZKBG\.


9.1.4.5FDGUFR"NKVTKN[KZG\KOCTXPG,KVTNCBPXTG\YGVG\FIGNKO,

CBPXTG\FZ[GKG\FPYGPKG\,CBPXTG\SVYK[KZG\KOMDGQC\KIGNKO

GZGVBKOTXPBKKO,BGC[KNGCQ[NBV[ZGKG\BNFP\GL[KYGNKJGC\

CZKBG\FXKCGZ,HPKRG\GRDK[G\F[KZG\GKTKNG\MNMNK\.


9.2ZVGBFZB[GRK\

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PTPEFZVGBFFZB[GRK\R[IYCT[GZKOFBIZGRKO,GFKBREIYFPPZMHFCPFNJGC\

ZVGB\FPGPIKOGC\KFIGNKO,[CFOF\IGNNFTKYZFPFVMFFPETK\,MKZGZDK\

GJMRGNGDK\.

F\FNKLF\CJBDOCTNKK\YZRO[NFZGVBKOFPGPIKOG[NFRFNG\C\KFIGNKO

GCFVKM\ONFRFDFPGCKNFCPTZMG\ZVGBKG\ZCG\.

NBIZGRFRZBF[FPJGJN\CTGNORGJFIHZF,GYKKP\FSMPFCKQMNFDGZPKOFVTKNKO

CPTZMG\FCZKBG\CB[ZNI[KCG\F[NFZVGBFFYFKN\K\MRECLCSKSKCYCKT\

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PMNGNXGZMKFCZKBG\[NFVZJGCFTRY\JKVGNZXKUGMGNNRK,F\KKISG\PYKVFKG\Z

NPMNGNFDGZPKOFBK[KKO,SCKC\KKO,YFKN\KKOGICZ\KKOFP[VKTKOTNCZKBG\FIGNF,

\GLMEKNKGGKFPJGVNCMN[NCKFJKVGN.)I[KCG\PTPEFGZP\\VYGEF[NFZVGBF

FYFKN\K\PYCN\IKHGYDOPFFMZFCKMGN\FN[P[MNKKTKNCZKSGQFFGXBG\(.ZGVB

ZB[GRKPKGPQKMGNN[VZB\\VYGEF[NPTZM\FCZKBG\C\IGO[NPRKTF,[NP\Q

PTRFPDGGQKG\ZNXGZMKFPJGVN,F\GBOKG\ZB\FYGRJYSJFICZ\KGFYFKN\K[CG

FGBIK,CBPXTG\FS\MNG\MGNN\GBKRJDZJKCK\TNFPJGVNGTNP[VI\G,GMQ

"MPRFNF\KYFZVGBK"FP\BOB\FJKVGNFZVGBKCMN[Z[Z\FJKVGNFPYXGTK{

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[KZG\KOCYNKRKYG\VZJKG\(,GMGNNKOZGVBKOMNNKKO,ZGVBKP[VIFGMQZGVBKOPGPIKO

CZVGBFVRKPK\,CZVGB\KNEKOGCZVGB\R[KO.YJDGZKFHGMGNN\DO:BIKG\,TGCEKO

VZB=ZVGBKKOGTGCEKPRFNF,GMQ\[\K\RZIC\[NPCRKO,PZVBG\,PTCEG\,PMGRKO

GXKGEZVGBK.

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FP[VIFTNVRKZGVBKOMNNKKO[NBFGM[ZGSVXKVK\.BRGTEKODONPDPFNFTCKZ

[KZG\KOGJKVGNKOPPTZM\FB[VGHNPTZM\FBPCGNJGZK\GPCK\FIGNKONP\YRKO

GNPZVBG\CYFKNF.


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CZVGBFFZB[GRK\CK[ZBNPGTSYKOM=5000ZGVBKO,MIPK[K\PMNNFZGVBKO

GNM=2200PFOK[\TGE\PGPIF.F[BZFOZGVBKOMNNKKO[NBYKCNG\TGE\PGPIF.

PZCK\FPGPIKOFOP\IGOZVGB\FP[VIF)M=640(,KNEKO)M=840(GZVGBFVRKPK\

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9.1 11.4 064,6 4=0

3.9 3.9 445,4 5=14

2.4 2.0 933,1 15=24

3.2 2.5 539,2 25=34

4.3 2.6 561,2 35=44

6.2 3.8 486,3 45=54

9.5 6.5 327,3 55=64

12.2 10.3 988,3 65=74

12.5 12.1 260,2 75=84

10.0 6.9 426 +85

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\[\KG\PZVB\KG\GPTCEG\RVZEG\,CZGZ[BKQFXEYFMNMNK\NYKGOMVKNG\

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MQMKXENFCKBB\FZGVBKON\VYETNVKPJZG\GBKNGXKFYGVF.BIEFBPXTKO

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KMGNNF[VKTPFG\K\FQTNCZKBG\PJGVNKGGFQTNTNGKG\FJKVGNCFO.

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PKRKPGO[KYCTP[ZEFCZKBG\,FMGNNFS\PMG\TNZXGQFPCGJIKO.

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9.2.5ZXUJKVGNCPZVBG\FYFKNF:

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FPBKK[\B\FPZVBF,BGPYZCFZGVBKOFTXPBKKOFY[GZKOTOFYGVF.

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9.3ZVGBFPYXGTK\/KGTX\

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R[KO DCZKO BNVKO DKN

0.8 1.2 607 4=0

0.7 0.7 774 5=14

1.2 0.8 876 15=24

3.4 0.8 880,1 25=34

2.6 1.5 520,1 35=44

3.5 1.6 781,1 45=54

3.5 2.5 247,1 55=64

4.0 3.9 391,1 65=74

3.1 2.8 542 75=84

3.5 2.5 151 +85

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NRHYYKONJKVGNZVGBKGFQNZGVBKOCMKZKO.



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9.3.2[KZG\KFZVGBFFPYXGTK\CYFKNFKKR\RGTNKEKZGVBKOPGPIKOGTNKEK

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9.3.3P[ZEFCZKBG\KTZGLC\BGOTOFZ[G\FPYXGTK\)ZBFFPNXF{6(\PIGZ

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FIGNKOGKEBDNTEMGRGF[GJUGNVZSGPGCZCKO.


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CSYJGZHFCTKYZBKNGXKO\YXKCKKO,NIXKGXTEKBDGEKOPYXGTKKOGBIZKOG[KYGNKO

VGNKJKKO.

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Documents

ועדת אמוראי 2002.pdf