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Alexanders March
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Alexanders Route in Asia Minor
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Arrival in Asia Minor
Alexander crosses the Hellespont, 334
Parmenion crosses with main army
He visits Troy
Takes Achilles shield
Restores Achilles tomb/Hephaestion, Patroclus
Memnon of Rhodes scorched earth policyignored, Persian satraps and generals wish an
engagement: Battle of the River Granicus
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Alexander (wearing white feathers) and the Companions chargeSpithridates nearly kills Alexander
saved by Cleitus the Black (cuts off his arm at last second)
Nearly all the Greek mercenaries are killed (18,000/2,000 slaves)
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Aftermath
of the battle Memnon and remaining Persians retreat to Ionian
city of Miletus
Alexander buries the Macedonians, Greekmercenaries, and Persian commanders with full
honors.
300 suits of armor sent to Athens, inscribed with:
Alexander, son of Philip, and the Greeks, except the
Spartans, dedicate these spoils, taken from the
barbarians who dwell in Asia
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March down the coast
Aim to cut off Persian ports
(liberate)
Ephesus rebelled against the
Persians and welcomed theMacedonians (Alexander restored a
democracy)
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Siege of Miletus and
Harlicarnassus, 334 BC
Siege of Miletus
Siege of Halicarnassus Famous for its
Mausoleum of
Maussollos Tomb erected by his
sister/wife (mixedashes for 2 yrs)
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The Gordium Knot
Having secured the Ionian coast, Alexander heads inland
to Gordium Whoever unties the Knot becomes the lord of Asia.
Alexander pulls out the yoke
He cuts the Knot
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The Battle of Issus, November 333 BC
Alexander proceeds downthe E. Mediterranean coast.
Darius had already set out
personally from Babylon
with a large army
10,000 cavalry/~200,000
infantry
Alexander receives word
that Darius passed through
the Amanic Gates behindhim
Wounded left behind at Issus
had their hands chopped off.
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Parmenion holds the Macedonian left against cavalry charge Alexander charges the Persian left wing (archers) and drives straight for Darius;
phalanx crosses the river Alexander wounded in the thigh, Darius fled
Leaving behind his golden chariot and bow, his mother, wife, daughter, harem, and 3,000
talents (1 talent = 67 lbs. of gold/silver)
The Battle Rages
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The Phoenician Coastline
Darius flees back to Babylon to raise another army
Alexander continues down to Egypt
Siege of Tyre (9 months) Phoenician island off the coast, naval power, mother
city to Carthage
Walls surround the entire island to the waterline
A Mole (causeway) is built out to the island Siege towers are brought up, the Mole is burned and rebuilt
8,000 Tyrians killed, 30,000 sold as slaves
Those who fled to the Temple of Hercules were spared
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On to Egypt
332, Gaza resists, falls after two months of siege
Alexander arrives in Egypt Proclaimed as liberator from Persians
Given the title Pharaoh
Alexandria founded in 331 BC City plan personally laid out by Alexander
Pharos Lighthouse (one of the 7 wonders)
Greatest Library of the world
Makes a side trip to Siwa to visit the Oracle
Gets lost along the way (birds); thirst (rain) Priests greet him as Son of Zeus Ammon
Alexander sets out with his army to confront Darius in thespring of 331
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Oracle of Siwa
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