View
2
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
103學年上學期高二物理
黃信健
電磁學與光學
課程表 日期 內容 內容
2014/10/04 (一) 電磁學 1 電荷
2014/10/18 (二) electromagnetism 1 電荷
2014/11/01 (三) 電磁學 2 電場
2014/11/15 (四) 電磁學 3 高斯定律
2014/11/29 (五) 電磁學 3 高斯定律
2014/12/13 (六) 電磁學 4 電位
2014/12/27 (七) 電磁學 5 電容
2015/01/10 (八) 電磁學 6 電流與電阻
2015/01/24 (九) 電磁學 7 電路
1電荷 The Electric Interaction
1電荷
What causes the “sparking” of a
wintergreen lifesaver?
2 電場
• （electric field） （Lines of force）
3 高斯定律 Gauss’ Law
•Flux enclosed charge
encq
AdE
0
0
4點電荷的電位圖
• E.S. for a uniform field, a point charge, and an electric dipole
等位面3例
5 電容器
6 I-V curves
conductor semiconductor
7 Multiloop Circuits
The Junction rule: 流入接點之電流必等於流出者
(Kirchhoff’s junction/current rule)
231 iii
課程表 2013/10/19 (九) 電磁學 8磁場
2013/11/02 (十) 電磁學 9電流與磁場
2013/11/16 (十一) 電磁學 10電磁感應
2013/11/30 (十二) 電磁學 11交流電路
2013/12/14 (十三) 電磁學 12磁姓
201312/28 (十四) 電磁學 13電磁波
2013/01/11 (十五) 光學 14幾何光學
2013/11/16 (十六) optics 15光學儀器
2013/11/30 (十七) 光學 16干涉
2013/12/14 (十八) 光學 16干涉
201312/28 (十九) 光學 17繞射
2013/01/11 (二十) 光學 17繞射
9 電流與磁場、安培定律 Magnetic Fields due to Currents
Conventional rocket EM Rail Gun The space shuttle
10 電磁感應
How did the electric guitar revolutionize rock?
From acoustic to electric guitars
12 Magnetism of Matter 磁 性 Electromagnetic Waves 電磁波
How can a clay-walled kiln reveal Earth’s magnetic field of the past?
1電荷 Chapter Opening Puzzler－ 5th Ed.
What causes the “sparking” of a
wintergreen lifesaver?
Chapter Opening Puzzler－ 8th Ed.
1 電荷
1.1 電荷（electric charge）
1.2 庫倫定律 (Coulomb’s law )
1.3 靜電的應用
1.1 電荷
•摩擦充電 •塑膠棒（負電荷）與毛皮（正電荷）
•玻璃棒（正電荷）與絲綢（負電荷）
•感應充電
正電荷與負電荷
感應充電
The Electric Interaction
Electric charge and the structure of matter
• The particles of the atom
are the negative electron,
the positive proton, and
the uncharged neutron.
• Protons and neutrons
make up the tiny dense
nucleus which is
surrounded by electrons
(see Figure 21.3 at the
right).
• The electric attraction
between protons and
electrons holds the atom
together.
Atoms and ions • A neutral atom has the same number of protons as electrons.
• A positive ion is an atom with one or more electrons removed. A negative ion has gained one or more electrons.
Conservation of charge
• The proton and electron have the same magnitude charge.
• The magnitude of charge of the electron or proton is a natural unit of charge. All observable charge is quantized in this unit.
• The universal principle of charge conservation states that the algebraic sum of all the electric charges in any closed system is constant.
Conductors and insulators • A conductor permits the
easy movement of charge through it. An insulator does not.
• Most metals are good conductors, while most nonmetals are insulators. (See Figure 21.6 at the right.)
• Semiconductors are intermediate in their properties between good conductors and good insulators.
Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment
• Quarks: 3/2or 3/ = eeq
Charge is quantized
• The electric charge (e) is discrete
(quantized)
• SI unit: coulomb (C), defined in term of ampere
Ce
nneq
19106.1
3,... 2, 1, = ,
• The radioactive decay
• The annihilation process (對滅)
HeThU 4234238
ee
Charge is conserved
• The pair production process (對生)
• The bubble (cloud) chamber
ee
Elementary Particles
1.2 Coulomb’s Law
12 2 2
0 8.85 10 /
permitivity
C N m
229
0
2
21
/1099.84
1CmNk
r
qqkF
Ex. 1-1 一庫倫負電荷含有多少電子
Ex. 1-2 氫原子內電子與質子之間電 力與重力之比
e18
191025.6
C/e101.6
1.00Coul
e
qN
39
47
211
2731
2
211
2
8
211
219
2
29
2
0
21
10
106.3103.5
1067.11011.91067.6
102.8103.5
1060.1109
4
pe
Pe
g
e
Peg
e
mGm
qKq
F
F
Nm
kgkg
kg
Nm
r
mGmF
Nm
C
C
mN
r
qqF
Ex. 1-3 鐵（Fe26）原子核中，兩個相距一個原子核半徑的質子間之斥力
•R = 410-15m
•如此大之斥力，必須有更強的核力與之抗衡，方能維持原子核的穩定。
lbNm
C
C
mN
r
qqF PP
e 3~14104
1060.11099.8
4215
219
2
29
2
0
1.3 靜電的應用
• Ink-Jet Printing
• Soil Decontamination
• Electroplating
• Electromagnetic Predators
• Electric Precipitator
• Xerography
• Laser Printer
Ink-Jet Printing Electron in a uniform field
An ink drop with kgm 10103.1
CQ 13105.1
mm64.02
,2
1
2
2
2
x
xy
y
mv
QELy
tvLtay
m
QE
m
Fa
N/C101.4E
m/s18 vcm,6.1L
6
x
Soil Decontamination and
Electroplating
Electromagnetic Predators
電磁掠食者
The torpedo ray and
electric eel
Electroplaques
Electric Precipitator
影印機
The copying process
Laser Printer
Recommended