«“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’ 61

* Õ“®“√¬åª√–®” ”π—°«‘™“∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°‘® §≥–Õÿμ “À°√√¡∫√‘°“√ «‘∑¬“≈—¬¥ÿ ‘μ∏“π’

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡ÿà߇πâπ„À⺟â‡√’¬π‡ªìπ

§π‡°àß §π¥’·≈–¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ °“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ„π∑ÿ°√“¬«‘™“®÷ß¡ÿàß∑’Ëæ—≤π“ºŸâ‡√’¬π∑—Èߥâ“𧫓¡√Ÿâ·≈–§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–∑—°…–Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë®”‡ªìπ «‘™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®‡ªìπÕ’°«‘™“Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â¡ÿà߇πâπ‡©æ“–§«“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π«‘™“°“√ ·μଗßμâÕß°“√æ—≤π“ºŸâ‡√’¬π„π¥â“πÕ◊ËπÊ Õ’°¥â«¬ °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®ºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·π«§‘¥°“√ „À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫ — ߧ¡·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ∑”„À⺟â‡√’¬π‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ “¡“√∂¥÷ߥŸ¥§«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π ‡°‘¥°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ∑—»π§μ‘∑’Ë¡’μàÕμπ‡Õß·≈–ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ‡æ‘Ë¡·√ß®Ÿß„®πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—߉¥âæ—≤π“∑—°…–¥â“πÕ◊ËπÊ Õ“∑‘°“√∑”ß“π‡ªìπ∑’¡ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√ °“√·∫àßß“π°—π∑”°“√«“ß·ºπ ¿“«–ºŸâπ” §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈°“√®—¥°“√§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ «‘∏’°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¥—ß°≈à“« Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߧ” ”§—≠: °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®, ‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡

ABSTRACT At the present, the education focuses

on the expert, good person and happ-iness. Learning in all subjects aim at the

°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®ºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡BUSINESS ETHICS LEARNING THROUGH MAKING

SOCIAL PROJECTS

Õ“®“√¬å “π‘μ¬å ÀπŸπ‘≈*Sanit Noonin

development of knowledge, ethics and otherskills. Business ethics is a subject that is notfocused only on education but also to developthe student on the other side. The learning ofbusiness ethics through making social projectswhich emphasis on the concept of givingpriority to the social and environmental makethe students gain knowledge, attract theattention of students, modify their attitudes tothemselves and others and increasemotivation. The project can also enhance theteamwork, communication, task delegation,planning, leadership, interpersonal, relation-ships, conflict management and others. Thisway of learning is consistent with the currentapproach of education that focuses on studentcentered.Keywords: business ethics learning, socialproject.

∫∑π”∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√»÷°…“§◊Õ°“√æ—≤π“

§π„À⇪ìπ§π‡°àß §π¥’·≈–¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢ ¥—ß∑’ˉ¥â°”À𥉫â„πæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—μ‘°“√»÷°…“·Ààß™“μ‘æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ 2542 °”Àπ¥„Àâ®—¥°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë¡’®ÿ¥

62 «“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’

¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬·≈–¡’À≈—°°“√„πÀ¡«¥ 2 ¡“μ√“ 6 «à“ç°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“μâÕ߇ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“§π‰∑¬„À⇪ìπ¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å∑—Èß√à“ß°“¬ ®‘μ„®  μ‘ªí≠≠“§«“¡√Ÿâ ·≈–§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡„π°“√¥”√ß™’«‘μ  “¡“√∂Õ¬Ÿà√à«¡°—∫ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢é ‚¥¬¬÷¥°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“„À⇪ìπ§π¥’¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ „πÀ¡«¥ 4 ¡“μ√“ 23 ÷́Ë߇πâ𧫓¡ ”§—≠∑—Èߧ«“¡√Ÿâ §ÿ≥∏√√¡ °√–∫«π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·≈–∫Ÿ√≥“°“√μ“¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π„π·μà≈–√–¥—∫ πÕ°®“°π—Èπ√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¬— ß¡ÿà ßæ—≤π“ºŸâ ‡ √’ ¬π„Àâ ‡ªìπ‰ªμ“¡°√Õ∫¡“μ√∞“π§ÿ≥«ÿ≤‘√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“·Ààß™“μ‘(Thailand Quality Framework in HigherEducation: TQF) ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 1) §ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ 2) §«“¡√Ÿâ 3) ∑—°…–∑“ߪí≠≠“4) ∑—°…–§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈·≈–§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ·≈– 5) ∑—°…–°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåμ—«‡≈¢°“√ ◊ËÕ “√ ·≈–°“√„™â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑»  ”À√—∫ “¢“∑’ˇπâπ∑—°…–°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘μâÕ߇æ‘Ë¡¡“μ√∞“π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¥â“π∑—°…–æ‘ —¬Õ’°¥â“π

¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π®÷߉¡à¡ÿà߇πâπ‡æ’¬ß·§à§«“¡√Ÿâ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π‡∑à“π—Èπ ·μàμâÕß„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫Õߧåª√–°Õ∫Õ◊Ëπ Ê ¥â«¬‚¥¬‡©æ“–¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°°“√®—¥°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ„π∑ÿ°√“¬«‘™“μâÕß¡’°“√ Õ¥·∑√°À≈—°§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡‡¢â“‰ª„π√“¬«‘™“ √«¡∑—Èß°“√‡ªî¥ Õπ„π√“¬«‘™“¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡√«¡∑—Èß«‘™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® (business ethics)Õ“®¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—πÕÕ°‰ª„π·μà≈– ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“ ‡™àπ ®√√¬“∫√√≥∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® §«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡¢Õß∏ÿ√°‘® ‡ªìπμâπ ¡’°“√°”Àπ¥„À⇪ìπ«‘™“∫—ߧ—∫„πÀ≈—° Ÿμ√∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°‘®¢Õß ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“∑—Èß„π·≈–μà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“¢Õß√“¬«‘™“¡’«—μ∂ÿª√– ß§å ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟⠇√’¬π¡’§«“¡√Ÿâæ◊Èπ∞“π∑“ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·π«§‘¥°—∫æƒμ‘°√√¡¡πÿ…¬å§à“π‘¬¡¢Õß —ߧ¡∑’Ë¡’º≈μàÕ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®À≈— °ª√— ™≠“∑’Ë ‡ °’Ë ¬ «°— ∫®√‘ ¬∏√√¡·≈–§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡¢Õß∏ÿ√°‘®∑’Ë¡’

μàÕºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„π«‘™“™’æ°“√æ—≤π“®√‘¬∏√√¡„πÕߧå°√·≈–°“√¥”‡π‘π∏ÿ√°‘®À≈—°∏√√¡“¿‘∫“≈‰¥â («‘∑¬“≈—¬¥ÿ ‘μ∏“π’, 2554)‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–‰¥â𔧫“¡√Ÿâ‰ªª√–¬ÿ°μå„™â„π°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’扥âÕ¬à“ß¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡ √«¡∑—Èß “¡“√∂𔉪‡ªìπÀ≈—°„π°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘μ„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà „π·π«∑“ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°μâÕߥ’ß“¡

Õ¬à “ ߉ √°Á μ“¡°“√ ‡ √’ ¬π°“√ Õπ«‘ ™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®„πÕ¥’μ·≈–ªí®®ÿ∫—π ¡—°æ∫ªí≠À“„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß«‘∏’°“√ Õπ∑’Ë¢“¥§«“¡πà“ π„®‰¡à “¡“√∂¥÷ߥŸ¥§«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π‰¥â  àߺ≈μàÕª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ¥—ßπ—ÈπºŸâ Õπ®÷ß欓¬“¡æ—≤π“√Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ«‘™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ “¡“√∂¥÷ߥŸ¥§«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‡°‘¥ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√ (project based learning: PBL)‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√‡√’¬π√ŸâÕ’°«‘∏’Àπ÷Ë ß∑’Ë  “¡“√∂π”¡“ª√–¬ÿ°μå„™â„π°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ«‘™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√®–‡ªìπ‰ªμ“¡§«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë¥’®–°√–μÿâπ„À⇰‘¥°“√§âπ§«â“Õ¬à“ß°√–μ◊Õ√◊Õ√âπ·≈–„™â∑—°…–¢Õß°“√§‘¥¢—Èπ Ÿß ‚∑¡—  (Thomas,1998) ¡’º≈ß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë√Õß√—∫«à“°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√∑”„À⺟â‡√’¬π¡’ à«π√à«¡ ≈¥°“√¢“¥‡√’¬π‡æ‘Ë¡∑—°…–„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫√à«¡¡◊Õ ·≈–™à«¬¬°√–¥—∫º≈ —¡ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑“ß°“√‡√’¬π‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬ (GeorgeLucas Educational Foundation, 2012)

·π«§‘¥ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√

°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√ (projectbased learning: PBL) ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ√Ÿª·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠ (student cen-tered) ·≈–‡ªìπ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫ Active Learning§◊Õ°√–∫«π°“√®—¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’˺Ÿâ ‡√’¬π‰¥â≈ß¡◊Õ°√–∑”·≈–‰¥â„™â°√–∫«π°“√§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ¢“‰¥â°√–∑”≈߉ª (Bonwell & Eison, 1991) ‡ªìπ°“√

«“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’ 63

®—¥°‘®°√√¡°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¿“¬„μâ ¡¡μ‘∞“πæ◊Èπ∞“π2 ª√–°“√§◊Õ 1) °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‡ªì𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡‚¥¬∏√√¡™“μ‘¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ·≈– 2) ·μà≈–∫ÿ§§≈¡’·π«∑“ß„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—π (Meyers &Jones, 2012)  Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªì𠔧—≠

§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√«√“¿√≥å μ√–°Ÿ≈ ƒ…¥‘Ï (2555)  √ÿª§«“¡

À¡“¬¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ßß“π (‚§√ß°“√) «à“§◊Õ°“√®—¥„Àâπ—°»÷°…“√«¡°≈ÿà¡°—π∑”°‘®°√√¡√à«¡°—π‚¥¬¡’®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬„π°“√»÷°…“À“§«“¡√ŸâÀ√◊Õ∑”°‘®°√√¡„¥°‘®°√√¡Àπ÷Ëßμ“¡§«“¡ π„®¢Õßπ—°»÷°…“

Grossman (2007) Õ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√«à“ §◊Õ°≈¬ÿ∑∏å„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ‡™‘ß√ÿ°∑’Ë„À⺟⠇√’¬π¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫«‘™“°“√ ·≈–∑—°…–Õ◊ËπÊ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√·°âªí≠À“ ·≈–º≈≈—æ∏å

BIE (2012) Õ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√«à“ ‡ªìπ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’˺Ÿâ‡√’¬π “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–‡æ‘Ë¡°√–∫«π°“√§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡æ◊ËÕ·°âªí≠À“∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπÀ√◊Õ∑â“∑“¬ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „À⺟â‡√’¬π‰¥â· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ ‰¥â¡’°“√«“ß·ºπ °“√®—¥°“√ ·≈–ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ™à«¬„À⺟â‡√’¬π‡°‘¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ„π‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë ”§—≠

¥—ßπ—Èπ √ÿª§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√‰¥â«à“ §◊Õ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑’˺Ÿâ‡√’¬π¡’ à«π ”§—≠„π°“√√à«¡°—𫑇§√“–Àå «“ß·ºπ ·≈–·°âªí≠À“ºà“π°‘®°√√¡μà“ß Ê ∑’˺Ÿâ‡√’¬π π„®

ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π‚§√ß°“√°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫π’È¡ÿàßμÕ∫ πÕߧ«“¡ π„®

§«“¡°√–μ◊Õ√◊Õ√âπ·≈–§«“¡„Ωɇ√’¬π√Ÿâ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π„π°“√· «ßÀ“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡√Ÿâμà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”‚§√ß°“√√à«¡°—π„Àâª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®μ“¡®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß‚§√ß°“√ °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬„™â‚§√ß°“√‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ (project centered learning) ¡’°“√∑”°‘®°√√¡√à«¡°—π ™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ°—π„π°“√·°âªí≠À“∑’ˇ°‘¥

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64 «“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’

°“√®—¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫Õ◊ËπÀ“°ºŸâ‡√’¬π¡’§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π‚§√ß°“√ ‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ¡’°“√·°âªí≠À“∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπ „Àâ‚Õ°“ ∑’ˇªî¥°«â“ßμàÕ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ„π™—Èπ‡√’¬π™à«¬°√–μÿâπ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ °“√∑”‚§√ß°“√ “¡“√∂‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®√‘ß„π™’«‘μª√–®”«—π √«¡∑—Èß¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ —ߧ¡·≈– ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“  ”À√—∫ºŸâ ÕππÕ°®“°®–‡ªìπ°“√æ—≤π“¥â“π«‘™“™’æ·≈â« ¬—ߙ૬‡ªî¥‚Õ°“ „π°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑’Ë¥’°—∫ºŸâ‡√’¬π‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬(BIE, 2012; Grossman, 2007; Thomas, 2000)

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ªí®®ÿ∫—π ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“À≈“¬·Àà߉¥â𔂧√ß°“√¡“‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√„π°“√®—¥°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ√«¡∑—Èß„π√“¬«‘™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® (businessethics) °Á‰¥â®—¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ (social project) Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°√–· °“√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫ —ߧ¡·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ´÷ËßÕߧå°√¿“§√—∞¿“§‡Õ°™π √«¡∑—ÈßÕߧå°√‰¡à· «ßÀ“°”‰√μà“ßÊ(NGOs) ‰¥âÕÕ°¡“√≥√ߧå„Àâ¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡À√◊Õ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°°—π„π™◊ËÕ ç‚§√ß°“√§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡¢ÕßÕߧå°√é (corporate socialresponsibility: CSR) Õ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß √«¡∑—Èß„π ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“‡Õß°Á¡’§«“¡μ◊Ëπμ—«„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡°—π¡“°¢÷Èπ ·μàÕ“®¡’™◊ËÕ‡√’¬°∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—πÕÕ°‰ª ‡™à𠂧√ß°“√®‘μÕ“ “‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ À√◊Õ‚§√ß°“√§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫μàÕ —ߧ¡¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ (university socialresponsibility: USR) ‚¥¬«—μ∂ÿª√– ß§åÀ≈—°¢Õß°“√„À⺟â‡√’¬π∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡π—Èπ ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß·§àμâÕß°“√„À⺟â‡√’¬π𔧫“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π∑ƒ…Æ’∑’ˉ¥â‡√’¬π‰ªΩñ°ªØ‘∫—μ‘®√‘߇∑à“π—Èπ ·μଗߧ“¥À«—ß∑’Ë®–æ—≤π“»—°¬¿“溟â‡√’¬π„π¥â“πÕ◊ËπÊ ¥â«¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√æ—≤π“„À⇪ìπ‰ªμ“¡°√Õ∫¡“μ√∞“π§ÿ≥«ÿ≤‘√–¥—∫Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“·Ààß™“μ‘ ‚¥¬‡πâπ¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈ §«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ √«¡

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¢—Èπμ√’¬¡‚§√ß°“√ °“√¥”‡π‘πß“πμ“¡¢—ÈπμÕππ’ȇªìπ°“√§‘¥À“À—«¢âÕ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë®–∑”‚§√ß°“√‚¥¬ ‘Ëß∑’Ë®–π”¡“°”À𥇪ìπÀ—«¢âÕ‡√◊ËÕß‚§√ß°“√®–‰¥â¡“®“°ªí≠À“ §«“¡Õ¬“°√ŸâÕ¬“°‡ÀÁπ À√◊Õ§«“¡ π„®„πª√–‡¥Áπªí≠À“μà“ßÊ ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π‡Õß´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈®“°°“√∑’˺Ÿâ‡√’¬π‰¥â®“°°“√Õà“πÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡Õ° “√ ∫∑§«“¡ øíß°“√∫√√¬“¬ °“√ π∑π“ À√◊Õ°“√μ‘¥μ“¡¢à“« “√ À—«‡√◊ËÕߢÕß‚§√ß°“√μâÕ߇ªìπ

«“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’ 65

‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ©æ“–‡®“–®ß·≈–™—¥‡®π«à“‚§√ß°“√π’È∑”Õ–‰√§«√‡πâπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„°≈âμ—« ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ëπ—°»÷°…“¡’§«“¡ π„®Õ¬“°®–∑”  ”À√—∫‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡π—Èπ°“√»÷°…“∂÷ß ¿“æªí≠À“¢Õß —ߧ¡À√◊Õ§«“¡μâÕß°“√¢Õß°≈ÿࡇªÑ“À¡“¬∂◊Õ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß „π¢—Èπ°“√‡μ√’¬¡°“√π—°»÷°…“®–μâÕß„™â‡«≈“„π°“√»÷°…“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈μà“ßÊ æÕ ¡§«√°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πμ“¡¢—ÈπμÕππ’È®–∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥μà“ßÊ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕ߇æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ √«¡∑—Èß∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߢÕ∫¢à“¬¢Õß¿“√–ß“π∑’Ë®–¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õß‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë®–∑” º≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢—ÈπμÕππ’È®–™à«¬∑”„À≥â·π«§‘¥„π°“√°”Àπ¥¢Õ∫¢à“¬À√◊Õ‡§â“‚§√ߢÕ߇√◊ËÕß∑’Ë®–»÷°…“Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π«à“ ®–∑”Õ–‰√ ∑”‰¡μâÕß∑” μâÕß°“√„À⇰‘¥Õ–‰√ ∑”Õ¬à“߉√ „™â∑√—欓°√Õ–‰√ ∑”°—∫„§√®–‡ πÕº≈Õ¬à“߉√ ·≈–‡ªìπ°“√‡μ√’¬¡§«“¡√Ÿâ §«“¡‡¢â“„®„π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√„Àâ¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ

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¢—Èπ √ÿª Õ¿‘ª√“¬ ·≈–𔇠πÕº≈‚§√ß°“√°“√¥”‡π‘πß“πμ“¡¢—ÈπμÕππ’ȇªìπ°“√ √ÿª√“¬ß“πº≈°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π‚§√ß°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⺟âÕ◊Ëπ‰¥â∑√“∫∂÷ß·π«§‘¥ «‘∏’¥”‡π‘πß“π º≈∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ μ≈Õ¥®π¢âÕ √ÿª·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–μà“ßÊ ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‚§√ß°“√ ‚¥¬„™â¿“…“∑’ˇ¢â“„®ßà“¬ °√–™—∫ ™—¥‡®π ·≈–§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡ª√–‡¥Á𠔧—≠¢Õß‚§√ß°“√∑’Ë ‰¥âªØ‘∫—쑉ª·≈â«´÷Ëߺ≈ √ÿª®“°°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√Õ“®¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ‡Õ° “√À√◊Õ√“¬ß“π „π°“√· ¥ßº≈‚§√ß°“√ “¡“√∂®—¥‰¥âÀ≈“¬√Ÿª·∫∫ ‡™àπ °“√®—¥π‘∑√√»°“√∑”‡ªìπ ◊ËÕ ‘Ëßæ‘¡æå °“√®—¥∑”‡ªìπ ◊ËÕ¡—≈μ‘¡’‡¥’¬·≈–Õ“®π”‡ πÕ„π√Ÿª·∫∫Õ◊ËπÊ («√“¿√≥åμ√–°Ÿ≈ ƒ…¥‘Ï, 2555)

º≈®“°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ«‘™“®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®ºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ πÕ°®“°§«“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®∑’ˉ¥â√—∫·≈â« ¬—ß “¡“√∂¥÷ߥŸ¥§«“¡ π„®¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π ∑”„À⺟â‡√’¬π‡°‘¥°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ∑—»π§μ‘∑’Ë¡’μàÕμπ‡Õß·≈–ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ‡æ‘Ë¡·√ß®Ÿß„®„Àâ°—∫ºŸâ‡√’¬π πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—߉¥âæ—≤π“∑—°…–¥â“πÕ◊ËπÊ Õ“∑‘ °“√∑”ß“π‡ªìπ∑’¡ °“√ ◊ËÕ “√ °“√·∫àßß“π°—π∑” °“√«“ß·ºπ ¿“«–ºŸâπ” °“√μ—¥ ‘π„®§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß∫ÿ§§≈ °“√®—¥°“√§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ (Tan, 2005)

∫∑ √ÿª°“√‡√’¬π®√‘¬∏√√¡∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®ºà“π°“√∑”

‚§√ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ —ߧ¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫·π«∑“ß°“√®—¥°“√»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π∑’ˇπâπºŸâ‡√’¬π‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ Ωñ°„À⺟â‡√’¬π‰¥â√Ÿâ®—°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå«“ß·ºπ ·°âªí≠À“¥â«¬°“√≈ß¡◊ժؑ∫—μ‘®√‘ß √«¡∑—È߬—ß “¡“√∂æ—≤π“»—°¬¿“æ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π„π¥â“πμà“ßʉ¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ∑—Èßπ’ȺŸâ Õπ “¡“√∂π”«‘∏’°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâºà“π°“√∑”‚§√ß°“√‰ªª√–¬ÿ°μå„π√“¬«‘™“μà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“»—°¬¿“æ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π„π∑ÿ°Ê ¥â“π ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°√–· °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß —ߧ¡‚≈°∑’ˇªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«„πªí®®ÿ∫—π

66 «“√ “√«‘™“°“√»√’ª∑ÿ¡ ™≈∫ÿ√’

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