no E.M. 3- ,

, .-. , , - . , , , , , - . , - 1962 1989 . , - . , - 1972 1986 . , - . , , . . , , '

618.1(035) 57.1 85 : . . . 85 / . . . . 3- ., . .: , 2006. 784 . ISBN 5-89481-395-6 3- . - . , , . 618.1(035) 57.1

SBN 5-89481-395-6

, 2006 . , 2006

3- .................................................... 7 ................................................................... 9 1 ................................................................ 12 1.1. {.., . .) ........................................... 12 1.2. (.., . .) ........................................... 17 1.3. { . .) .................................................................... 37 1.3.1. - .................................................. 37 1.3.1.1. ................................................................... 37 1.3.1.2. ........................................................ 46 1.3.1.3. ..................................................................... 53 1.3.1.4. ................................................................. 92 1.3.1.5. ...................................................................... 94 1.4. { . , . ., . .) .............. 96 4

1.5. ( . ., . .) ....................................... 145 1.6. { . ., . .) ..................... 169 2 .........................................................203 2.1. : { . ., . .) ....................................... 203 2.2. { . .) ............................................................... 214 3 { . .) ...........................................229 3.1. ....................................... 229 3.1.1. ...230 3.1.2. ... 242 3.1.3. ........................ 251 3.1.3.1. ...255 3.1.4. ............................................. 265 3.1.4.1. .......... 266 3.1.4.2. ............ 273 3.2. ............................... 287 3.3. ................................ 306 3.4. ................................ 320 3.4.1. ............................................................... 320 3.4.1.1. ..................................... 320 3.4.1.2. ......................................... 335 3.5. ................................ 3415

4 ...366 4.1. ( . .)............................ 366 4.2. { . .)........ 389 4.3. { . ., . .)....... 447 4.4. { . .)................................. 463 4.5. { . ., . .) ..................................... 552 5 { . .) ............................ 630 5.1. ........................................... 630 5.2. .................................................................... 653 5.3. ..... 664 6 { . .)................................................................. 714 ....................................................................... 741 ...................................................... 774

3-

, , XX XXI . , , - . 3-, 1- , . 1.1 1, , 2.2 2 . 5 4 . 5 7

. 6 2. . , , .

- - - -

9

- - MP 2 10

- 2 -

( ) - - - 1 2 3 a. uterinae 5- 5- 17- 17- 17- 17- 17- 17- 17- 17- -125

1

1.1. . , -, . , . . , (, ..). ( , ), (, , , ). , . (), . , , . -

12

1 1

, . , , . . ( ) . , . . , , ( ). , . , . , , - ( , .), . , . , . . . , , , . , , () , . ( .) (. 1.1). 13

1.

1.1 ( ) ( [44]) , , 3,7 2,7 2,9 3-4 4-6 4 4,3

? , . , , , . . , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , . 14

1.1.

. ( ), . , , , . , , . , , , . , . , . , , . . . , . , , . , () . , [37]. . , . . , . , 15

1.

, , . , ( ) - . [37]. , - . ( , , ) ( () () ), . . . , . - . [3]. . Knobil . [117], , , . , , , , , . , , . , ,

16

1.2.

. ; , . , . .

. 1.1.

. 1.1. . . Knobil . [117] [117, 118].

1.2. , , , ( ) . 17

1.

, (. 1.2). , . 3- , , .

. 1.2.

, , , , . . : ; , ; 18

1.2.

, , . , . , . , , , () (). . , . , , , . . , , . . , , , , , 3- . - , - . , (. . 1.2). , , , , , , , 19

1.

. . , . - , , . , , . . : , , . , , . , . , , . . , . , . . - , , , . 1970- . , Gu11lemin Schally. , , 20

1 2

; (). , . : - . , , [() ApNH2], . . , , . , . ( ), . , ; , . , . rhesus ( , ) , - . , , , , . [130, 149]. . Ferin . [91], -. 21

1.

. , , , . - . , , .. . , - 3- . 3- . , , . . , . . , . , , (). , , (). () , (). , ( (-)), , . - . - , 22

1.2.

. , . , , . 500 , 1,5 1,0 . . , . , . , . , . . () , . , . () , . , , . , ( ), , ( ), . , (, , ), ( ) , () () . , . , . , . , . : ( ) . ( ) , : - -. - 23

1.

; - , . . - . . 1970 . . Knobil, 1971 . Nankin . Yen ., Santen Bardin [83]. , , . . [53]. . , . . . 1 4 , 30 /. , , , , , . , , (2). , , 24

1.2.

. , 2 . , , [91]. , , . . . , , : , , , , , .. , . 1970- . [63]. , ; [71]. . . , 15- , , 6- 1 2 [53, 65]. , , . : . , . , . , [101]. , (, , , , , , ) . 25

1.

, [153, 187]. , () . , : 1) ; 2) , ; 3) , [63, 83, 165]. : 1. ? 2. ? , . , . , . , , . . 1.3 1.4. . , . , , . 26

1.2.

. 1.3. - (), - (), - (), () () () ()

. 1.4. , : ; ; ; ; - ; ; 2

, , [83,93,112,129]. . , - , , 27

1.

. - [83]. - [ 129]. [ 112]. , [93, 112]. , (). [96]. , - , . . . , , - () [148, 178]. . . , - , , , [181]. -, , [93, 114]. . , 28

1.2.

[93, 178]. . , , - 2- 2. , . -. , . . , . . , . . , , [93, 181]. , . , -, , [94]. 29

1.

( ), , , . . , , . 1000 . . , . , , [103]. , . . , , . 1979 . . Knobil . , ( ), . . , (). . Knobil , 2 30

1.2.

[83]. : [137, 158], , , , [105, 124]. , . 1970- . , , ( ) . , , . . , . ( ). [91, 103, ]. , , . . 31

1.

. , [103]. . [187]. , . . , , [103]. , , . , . . . 8 [95]. , , . , , , , . -, . . . Knobil , , , 2 32

1 2

[84]. (.. ) . Ferin . [91]. [172]. , , , . . . Knobil [83] . rhesus, , . 2 , , [149, 158]. 2 , , [94]. , in vitro, , 2 . [93]. , , , , . . , 33

1.

() [48, 93]. . , , , , , , ( ). , . () , , 2 . , , [94], [94]. . , . , [94]. [93]. [124]. , [93]. , .34

1 2.

2 [43, 48]. Ferin [91] 2 , , 2. 2 , , , -, , , - . 3- ( rhesus) . , , , 3- [178]. 2 , , . 2 , . , 2 , . . [91]. , 35

1.

. 1.5.

() . , . (, , , ). - (. 1.5). 36

1

1.3. 1.3.1. - 1.3.1.1. (. 1.6), . . , ; . 20 : 4,04,5 2,02,5 ( 12 ), 6,07,5 . . . , . , . ; (), . . : (- ) , ( ) , . , . . , , . . . ; . , , 37

1.

. 1.6. : () (). , , ;

[8]. , , , , . 38

1 3

. , , . . . , , . , , ( ) () , ( theca interna theca externa). ( theca interna). , , , , . . , ( ) , , ; () . , , . . , , ( ), , , , . , , . , , , ; ( ) (rete ovarica), 39

1.

, . . , , (. 1.7), . . 7090 % . L. . ' [106], 52 % - . ( ) , , , . - , , . . , . , , -

. 1.7. , 350 40

1 3.

( ). . () , (. 1.8).

. 1.8, , ( )

. ( ) . , , . 8-10 , . . ( ), . , (. 1.9), (theca interna theca externa) , (zona pellucida), . , 41

1.

. 1.9. ; theca interna , 300

[44]. ( , ) , , , , cumulus oophorus. . Theca interna , , , . , , . 1- , 1- , 2- , [8]. ( ) 24 [31]. 34 () . , 42

1.3.

. . ( ) . , . (), [2]. . , , . , . . [36], . . . . [8]. , [88] - . , , . ( ) ( ). , theca externa, . , -, , 2-. . , ; .43

1.

, . , . . , [147]. , ( ) 1 7,5 . , , ( ) . , () . theca interna , , , . Theca interna / . , theca interna, . , , theca interna , . , [45]. , : , . theca interna. . , . theca interna. , ( ). 44

I 3.

. , . . 18- . 1,01,5 . , , , . , , . , ( ), . 1012 . . , , , , . , , , , . , , , . . [36], . Novak J. Woodruff [142], A. Blaustein [144], 2123- . 2 , , . , . theca interna , . theca interna ( theca externa) ; . , , , 45

1.

. . theca interna. . , , . , theca interna, [8]. , , . . 1.3.1.2. , ( ), . , , . , . (), 2-3 . ( 2/3 ), , (); (fimbria ovarica) , . 9 13 , 1011 . : , . , , . . , -

46

I 3.

; , . , . , , . : ; , 1 , . ( 0,1 ), 0,5 . . . . . . . [12], , - . - , - . , - , , . . , . . () , , , ( ), , ; , , . 47

1.

, , , . : , , , , 56, . , . , -, , , ; , , . , [18, 21]. , , . , , , . , , . . [8], . , , . , , . , (. 1.10), . , : , 48

1.3.

[14]; (. 1.11). . .

. 1.10. - , , 65

. 1.11. ; , 400

49

1.

( , ), 8 % . , . , , . - : , , , , . : 1) (); 2) ; 3) { , ); 4) , [11, 42, 44, .]. , . . . [45] : . . . . [7]. [8]. , , (. . 1.11). : , (85 %), , , , . ( 50%), : , , . , , . 50

1 3

. (, , ) , , ; . , , , . , . 1- . 20 , 3035 . , 8 , . , . . , , , . , , . . . [12]. 2- , , 1820 . , , . , . . . , . , , , . 51

1.

. , . . . . [21], , , , . . , , . , , , F2oc, , . . . . , . , , . - . 3 , 6 2 . F2a - 3 . , 52

1 3

. 1.3.1.3. , anteversio-flexio. , , ( ) . , . , , ; 50 90 . 79 , 2,5-3,0 . 2:1. , 2,5-3,5 , 4,5 6 . anteversio-flexio . ( ) , : . , . , , ; . - ( ) . . , . , , . , 53

1.

. , , . , -, . , , . , , . , , ( ) , , . , . : , . , , . . . . [30], (2/3 ) , . ( ) . , . ( 15 % ) ( ) , . () . . , . 54

. , , , . , . , , . () . , . , , . ; . 1,5 2,5 . , . , ; , , . , . . , ; 10-15%. 1520 , 47 . , : (), (). : 1) , , , ; 2) (). (, ) : , , 55

_____ 1.

. . . , . , , . , ; , , . , . , . . . ( 1,0-1,5 ) , - , (, 1.12). -

. 1.12. , , ; , 40

56

1.3.

, , , . , . , , . : , . , , , , . , , , . , , ; , . , , , . , , . , , . ; , . (. 1.13). . , , , , 57

1.

. 1.13. (. [32]):1 ; 2 ; 3

. ( ) . , , . . . . , , . , (. 1.14). . . ( ), ,58

1 3

. 1.14. , , 100

, . , . . . . [7], . , . , . , . , , . , . , . . , [25, 28, 76]. 59

1.

. 46 . , , ; , . , , , , , ; [15, 28, 31, 77]. 1 . . / . , () , , ; , (, ) , . . , , . , 60

1 3.

, - ( , , , , ). . , , , , . -- . R. Noyes, A. Hertig J. Rock [143] , 28- [77]. , , , . , . , 28- (4-7- ), (8-10- ), (1114- ). 1012 , , , . 1- , theca interna . . 47- 28- , , . 61

1.

, . (. . 1.12). . , , , . . , ; . , . , , . . 8-10- , (. 1.15, ), , . , 810- (. 1.15, , ); . , , . . . , , , , , ; . ( ), , . . ; . . .

62

1.3.

. 1.15. : , ; , , ( 180, 800, 360)

. 11-14- , (. 1.16). 4-6 . , , , , . , . -

63

1.

. , 60 %. (). , [77], , ; . 1.16. , 40 . , [17] - : ( 5'-). 1113- (. 1.17, ), . . , . . , (. 1.17, ).

64

1.3.

. 1.17. - ( 11-13- ): , 10 800; , , 9000; () , 36 000; : , 14 000: ; ; ; ; ( ); ; ; ; 1

65

1.

. - . (. 1.17, ). , . ; (1-2) . . , , . ( 3560 %). , , . - , 5'- , , (. 1.17, ). . , . , . , (), () -. - 45 , . ( ) - .

66

1.3.

-, , . ; . 14 2 . 2 . , 4 (1518- 28- ), (1923- ) , . . 1- : , , . 23- () , , . , , . 4- . . . . , . - . , , . , . , 67

1.

, . [13] 2122- ; 8,36 1,0%, 3,0 1,0%. , . , , ; . , . 21- . . ( 1/4) . . , . . . 24- . , . , ; . . . . , , , , [77]. , , ; . 68

1.3.

, , - , , , . , ; , [61, 65]. , , , . , , . , . , . , . . / , , , . , , -, , . , . , , J. Marshall D. Jones [127] , - 4 % , 5%. , , ,

69

1.

, . 16% - . . , , , , 30 [73, 80]. , . [17], , , . (. 1.18, ). , . , ; . (. 1.18, , ). . , . , ; , , , . , , . , 70

1.3.

. 1.18. - : : (), , , , , , 5400; : () (), () (), , 14 000; () (/): , (); ( .), 45 000

. , 5-6- . 71

1.

- , . , [5], , , , . , . , . 13- 26- , 1920- . [16] (27- ). , , (), - (. 1.19, , ). 60100 . 57 , (1,52,5 ) (1,51,0 ) . , . , 1015 . ( ) 1 . 1 3. , , . . 56- . , , . 72

1 3.

. 1.19. (), , (), 45 000 (). 5'- () {), 60 000 ()

, , . , , , , . . , ( ) . 73

1.

-, . -. , , , , (. . 1.18, ). - (. . 1.19, ). . (11- ) , . , , ( , , , ) , [4,15]. ( ) , (, - ), . , 5'- ( , - ). , , , -, . ( , ) 74

1 3,

. , , . , , , [10, 28, 45, 77 .]. , . , , . , ( ), , ( ) . , . . : , , , , . , . , . , . 1- , ( ), . , . . [10], . : 1) ; 75

1.

2) , ; 3) ; 4) . : ( . . ) , , , , , ; 5) ; 6) . , , . , , () . . , ( , , ). , , , , , , , , . . , 2 (2) . , : . 76

1.3.

, 2- . . , . - , . [28]. , , , 3- . 4- . , . , . , , . , [31], . - , , , , . . [33]. . , 77

1.

, S. Baggish . [54] , . , , ; . . . ( ) . ( 1 ) , , . . , , ; ( 3-4 ) . , . , . , , : . . . . , , , 2- . , [31]; , 78

1.3.

. , ( ) . . () . 2/3 , 3 , () . 2,5 . , , . ; , . . (lamina propria). , , . , , , , : , , , [32]. ( 100), , , 4 , .. 50 % [100]. , . - , . 79

1.

: 1) () , (); 2) , , ; 3) . , - . , , . , . , , . , . . . [49], , - 7- , , , . , 24 [92], , 9,7 % ; , 50 % , 10 % . - , . [49], 50 % . , 80

1.3.

( ); , , . . . [23], 2 - . . 1- , . , 14-16 . . - . , 30 % . , , , (). ( ) , ; , , . ( ) . . , ( , , 3740 ). , , ; 81

1.

( ) (), , . , ; , . ; . , , , . , . ( ), . (), , , . , , , . . , : . . ( ) , , , 82

1.3.

, (. 1.20). , , , , . , .

. 1.20. ; , 100

, , , . , ( ): . ( ) , . [46] , ; , , . , , , 83

1,

( ) . (, ) , . (. 1.21), . 1.21. - . ( - ) , - ; - - , 250 , -- , , , . . , . , , (. 1.22, ). . , 84

1.3.

(20-30 ). . . . [49], , , , . , (. . , . . ).

. 1.22. : ; ; ; ; ; , 1200

1- , 85

1.

, . (. 1.22, ). . , . . , , . , , . . , - , , (. 1.23). , .

. 1.23. : ; , 8300

86

1.3.

: , , , , (. 1.24). , .

. 1.24. ; (), (), {), (), 12 200

, , . 2- ( , ) ( ), . , , , [46].87

1.

, , 0,5 . , , . : , . , . : 1) (, ); 2) ( ) ; 3) . ( ) 12 , . . . . . , , , 2040 , 60 . : -, , - , . . , , , , . . 88

1.3.

, , , . , . . , , - ; ; . . , . ( , ) . . . . , , , . . , . , , , , . ; , . - . , , . , . , ( ), . 89

1.

, , . , , , . , , , . , () . , , (, ), , . , : , , , . , . - , . , . , , , , , , . . , . , ( ) . - -

90

1.3.

() , , , . , , , 100 . . , , , . , . , , . - . . , . , . , - [136]. (, ) ( , ). , , , () ( ) , , , , , . , . , , , 1 400 . -

91

1.

. ( ) . , , . , , . . . . : , (, , ), . 1.3.1.4. - (. . 1.6), . () , . . . , . , . , , . (), , . , . 92

1.3.

. , , . . ; , , . . , . , , , , (. 1.25). , - , ; . , . , , . . . 1.25. , , 120

93

1.

. . 2- . 4 : , , . . . , , . . . . . . , . . . , , , . . , . , , , , . , . , . , . 1.3.1.5. , , . , 94

1.3.

. , , . , . . ( ) . 3- . , . . . , , . . . , . . . . , , . , , . . , , . , ; () , . , , . - . 95

1.

1.4. , . , , , . , . . , . (. 1.2). , . 1.2 Schindler A. [167] 28 1-6(8) 6(8)-10(12) 11(12)-15 16-18

. ., . ., . . [20]

28 7 7 15 16-18

96

I 4.

. 1.2 [26] 1-10 10 1 13 4-7 8-11 12-15 16-20

, . , [26], , . , , - , 6 : 1); 2); 3) , ( 7 ); 4) ( 7 ); 5) ( 15 ); 6) ( 15 18 ). , ( ). , . , -, , Y-, , . Y- . , -, . . , ,

1.

(XX , XY ). ( , , ) ( , , , .). Yost, ; . , () . , .. , . . , 6 . , . , . ( ) [182]. , , , , Y-. , , , Y-. Y- . , Y-, . , Y- [185]. -, , . 98

1.4.

, . . , . , , , -. , , . [18]. , . , . . [19], 18- . 1828 . , , : , . . 3234 . . , - , , . . . () () . . , . 99

1.

. , , , () . ( ) . , : , . () , . , . , , , . , , 48- . , , , . . , . . , 8- 12- . , , , (. 1.26). . , . , -, . . 65 ,

100

1.4.

. 1.26. : : 1 , 2 , 3 - , 4 , 5 ; : 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ( ), 5 , 6 , 7 ; : 7 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

. , . , 101

1.

(). , . . 40-45 , , [20]. 4- 5- . , , . 2728 . , . 12- , 3,5 . , 4,5 . ; 3334- 3/4 , 2/3 . 6- 910- . 1824- ; 2728 . . . : 1) 24- ; 2) 32- ; 3) 3340- . 1819 . , , . 2122 . , . . 24 ., , . , , . 102

1.4.

2532 . , , . 3340 . . . 33- . , -, - . . , , 2,5 . 4 . , , , . 1617 . , . 1819 . . 2021- . 26-27 . , . . , , , , , , . , . ( ). ( ) 103

1.

: ( ) ( ). 15 , , . . . , 5- 1315 , 6-, 7- . 12- 20- . , , . [9]. , (. 1.27). ( ), , , . 810 . , 1113 . : . 1416 . . () . , , . 1719- , . ; , , . , . , 104

1.4.

. 1.27. : : 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ; , ; ,

. . , , 105

1.

, . , ; 1:1. 1920- , . . , , . , ; , . 2425- , . 2830- . 30 . , - . . , ( ) . , , , . 8- . 26-47 , . . , . . 1719 . . , . 17 . , 18- , 19 . . 2021 . 19- 28- 35- ,

106

1.4.

45 . , , 20 () 24 . (). 810 . ( ). 17- ( ). 22 . (, , ) , . , 2-3 . , , . , 4-5- 20- . - , , , [58, 62, 159]. , . . , . . [ 19], , . ( , , , , , .) , . , , 14 % 2 17 . , . [68]. 107

1.

; , . . ( , ) 6 % . , 1- , . , ( ), . ( , .) , , ; . (, ), . , , . . , . . 2-3 . . ( ) . , 108

1.4.

. . , . , , , . , , . . , . , . , 25 50 . , , . , . , . , , (). : ( ). , , . . 3 , 5 . () . 3:1. . . , , , , , . , , . , . , . ( , 3,5 ), ,

109

1.

, ( 5 ). , , 15 25 . . , , 500 000 700 000 . , . : , , - [20]. , , , . , -, - , -, , . , , ( , , ). , , . , ( 7 ), . 7 , . 3 , 4 ; 6 . . , 67 4,55,5 ; , - , 4-5 , 110

1.4.

. . , : , , , . . . 2 . , . 67 , 3,3 . , . , 7 1,5:1. 3- . ( ), , 10-12 . , , . , 4-6 . , , ; 1,7 1,3 1,6 . , . . , . , , , . . , -

111

1.

, . , . . , , . . , , . , , . , , 89 17-18 , 1314 , 15-16, 17-18 [20, 159]. . . , , . . , 10,5-11,0 . , , . . : 9- 10 % ( ), 11 ( 30%, 1 20 %). , , . , 112

1.4.

; ( ). ( ) . , . . , , 1:1, 2:1, . : 10 4,2 , 1112 7 , 16 23 , 50 (.. ). . , , ; , ; . (. 1.28),

. 1.28. :7 ; 2 ; 3

113

. () . , (. 1.29). , , 89 , 2,49 3. 1011 , 24 , 34 3. 1213 , 5,15 3.

. 1.29.

, , 6,88 8,81 3 . . . , , , . , ,

1.4.

, , , , . , , . . , . . . . , . , , : , , , . , , . . . : 8 9 , ; 910 ; 1011 ; 11 ; 1213 , ; 1314 . 12 13 ; 15 ; 1516 ; 1618 . . , , , . . 115

1.

-. , .. 000 , 111 , 3_4, 33+ . , Tanner, 111 ( ). , , . . , , , . . : , . . 1,52 20 . . , , . , , . . , , , 1214 . , , ; , . , , , . , , . 116

1.4.

13 , 9 15 . . 28-30- ; () , , 3-5 ( 7). 80% . 1,5 3 . ( ). . . , (, , ) , (- , , , ..) . - , , . , , , . . , , , . . , , , , . . , . , , . , , , . . , 117

1.

, . , Selye, , . , , , . , , , , .. [24]. . , , , [6]. , , , . , , . [57]. , , . , , . , 12,9 0,1 47,8 0,5 . . , , 22 % ; 18 28 %, 1015 % . , 159,6162,3 4447 . , . 118

1.4.

, , 24 . . , , . . , . , , , . , , . XIX . , , , . , , . . 1014 . 17 ( 0,52,0 ) . . , . () ( 1 ). . , , 2-4 , 35, 56, 8 11 . 1620 . . , , , . .

119

1.

, 1- 5 6 ( , ); , 2- 1011 . . , , , , , , . , , I 1,52 . , ( 10,5 ) . I . 1011 , 8 . , 14 . 14 . , 14 4 ( 11 8 ), 6,2 ( 11 4,8 ). 14 , , , 1315 . 16 , 17 . , , 50 % 1718 . , . . . [42], , . 1.3. , 5 % 8 1, (45 %) 11 . 120

1.4.

1.3 1 , 10,3 11,7 11,9 12,8 12,8 13,8 14,2 15,2 , 8,7-11,9 9,9-13,5 10,3-13,5 11,2-14,4 11,2-14,4 12,2-15,4 12,8-15,6 13,6-16,8

101222 32-33 2123+ .23+ 323+ 333_4+

: ; ; . .

, 8 , 13-14 1516 . , Homo sapiens , , . 10 ( 1963 1973 .) , 4 , 4 , 3 . , , ( ), , ( ). . 121

1.

, . , . , , . . , . . 1965 ., . , puberty nubility. puberty , , nubility (nubis ) , , .. . 1819 ., Montague, nubility puberty; , , , , . , , , , , , . , 1718 . , , . 122

1.4.

, , , . , , ( 10 ) (17 ). , , , . , , [19, 21, 61], , . - . , ( ) 2025- . 3234- , , , -. , . , . , 123

1.

[170]. . I 1820 2729 . ; II 27-35 3640 . . , 9-12- 26-30- . 36- 40- . , , [19]. , - . , - , , . , . 78 . , , . , 810 . , . 1020 . . 1820- . . . (124

1.4.

) , , , . , , 30 . , .. , . () [19]. , , . () . - () . [19, 20] ; 1- 59- ; 2- 2833- . , , . . 45 . . , , ( , , ). . . , , . - . 125

1.

( , ). ( 12- ) , , - , . , . II , , . . 11,5 . . , . , . . ( , , ), , . , , , . , : , . . 6 40 . : . 12 22 ., 36- 40- . 126

1.4.

, . , . . . , , , . : . . 67- , , . . 4- . , , 3- . 20 % . () , , () . . 3/4 . , 2- . ; , -, - . . , 127

1.

. . , 200 . 19-. (-). , , . , . , . , [64]. -, (), . , . in vitro , , . , [170]. , , , . , , . , , () [50]. , 12 1,02,3 0,7-1,6 / , [25, 50, 170]. , 2. P. Amendt . [50], 128

1.4.

350 , , . 45 , . , . 6 . 2 : , [50]. , . , , , , , 17- (17-). 69 . [27, 50, 167]. 23 , , , 2. , [167]. 2 (3080 /) [27]. , , 0,9 1,7 /, [173], 0,3 0,6 /. . 17- , , . , . 2 4- 56 (. . 1, . 1 2).

129

1.

, , , [151, 173]. , : , , 17-, , , (1) [51, 52]. 78 . 810 . , . , , [173]. . Parker Odell , . , [96]. , : , , , 17,20- -. Anderson , ( ) , . 130

1.4.

. . , , -, - in vitro. A. Genazzani . [97] , -, - - , . , . () (, ) . , , . -, -, - , , , . , . 5 . , , 5 6 . (. . 1, . 2). ( ), ( ) 131

1.

. (. . 1, . 2). , , . . , . , - . - . . , , , . . (710 ) (, ) , ( ) , (. . 1, . 3). , 2 . , , . . . . 132

1.4.

[80]. (. . 1, . 3). . , 17- . . . , , . . . 12,5 13 [20, 29,107, ]. , 13-14 . , [29, 167, 173, 180]. , . , . , [29, 167, 180] , . . , , 13 31 % , 14 65 % [30]. , 10-20 % [179]. (, ) .

133

1.

[51, 107]. , 1013 [173]. , 14 . - . . , , . , , . 2, [109]. , , , , . . (14 ), 2, . 2 [30, 110, 173]. . , , , 17- . . 12 . , . , . 134

1.4.

(1517 ) , . (. 1.4). 17- . , . . , . . . , 2 , [50]. 2 , , 17 . , . , 17- . . , 17- , . 17- , . 17- , , , , . 135

1517 - 25 12 17 - % - % , , 25 12 17 100 100 100 8 2 5 41,3 23,1 - % , , 17 10 12 ,

,

-15,5

55 + 2,1 165,0 + 2,4 12,7 + 0,2 62+1,5 169,0+1,5 12,5 + 0,2 12,8 + 0,2

58,7 55,0+1,5 157,0 + 6,3 12,9 + 76,9 58,0+1,7 169,0+1,4 63,1 57,0 + 2,1 163,0+1,3

-16,5

12,9 +

-17,5

36,9 51,0+1,9 160,0 + 2,6

12,9 +

1.4.

( ) . 17 . , . , , . . , , . , , . . , [74, 162]. 1 23 . . [86, 87]. ( 10 ) , [87, 113]. 1 2,8 . ( 1 2 ). . , , . 137

1.

. , Marshall Kelch (. [87]) , , . , / . , , , . , 2 . 2 , . , (1 ) . . , . 2 , . , , . , . . 138

1.4.

. . . . , . , [166]. , (1 60-90 ) , , . . , - , . , - : , ; ; , , . . , , . 139

1.

, -- , , . . , . , , , , . . , 50 % , . . [117, 151]. , , , , . . . 140

1.4.

- , , . - . rhesus. , Knobil [117], , . rhesus 11,5 . , , . , ? , , . 2 , . , . . Plant [151]. rhesus . , . , (), 141

1.

, . , : , , , . , , . - , , . , , , , , . , . Wray G. Hoffman-Small [186] , , , : , , , . - . - [69, 163]. , . , , . . , , , . , [128]. , , 142

1.4.

, [59]. , , , . ( ) . , . , , . [170, 173]. . [173]. . . ( ) - . , . - . 143

1.

. , , ( ), , , , . , , () . . , : , , , . , () . 2. , .. . , . . , , , . , , . , , ; 144

1.5.

( (), () ..). . . , . . , .

1.5. . , , . , . , [53, 155], 145

1.

, . , , , , , . , ( ) , , . , , , . , , .. . , , , , () . , - (, ), , . , , 2 . - . , , , , . . , 146

1.5.

( , rhesus), . , (, , ) [118, 150]. -- . (, , ) rhesus [79]. 1 , . , , , [71, ]. . Knobil Ferin , . 1.1. , , (, , ) [53, 87, ]. W. Crowley . [75] , 62 , 10- 24 . , . 17- 34 /. 2 , ; . 147

1.

: 56, 23 410 . : . , , . ( ) . , 12- . , , , . , , () . , . , , . 2 ( ) . 2 , ( ) . 2 . . , , , - 148

1.5.

, [93, 94]. 17- , . 17- [90]. 17- . 2 , , - (). , . , , , , , [150]. , , . [53]. , , ( 1 /90 ) , , , [90]. , [122, 123]. , , , , [123]. , , , .

149

1.

, , , 2 ( ) . , ( , ) [93, 104]. , , , 2. [104], , . . , 2 [117,118]. , . . , Knobil, 500 / ( 20 /). . . , , [88, 183]. 4 [60]. , , . 150

1.5.

, , . Leendecker, [122]. 2 , , . , , . . , [126], . . , , [78]. . - [--, - --. , . . , . , , . , , . 151

1.

, (, , ). , (, , , ). , . , , . , , , , .. , -, , , , [3, 118]. . . . , , , [87]. 1960- . . , .. , [94, 155]. , , , [1, 90, 118], 152

1.5.

. , , : ? , , . . 10 /, 39,5 / ( 30,9 50,5). -7 ( 4,0 10,0 /), 9,5 (7,414,1) /. +9 , . 2 . 5 1152 (9861335) /. 2 , . +8 , 28,0 (24,033,0) /. , , , . , , 5 , 0,8 3,4. 2 900 2000 /. 2 7 5 , / 34,5 170,3. , 153

1.

. . , , , , , , , ; , , () . , . , , , , , . , -, , . , . , , 2 , , , (46 , 5,5 0,3 ), . , . 2 , [1]. , . -, 154

1.5.

, . . , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , , , . , [41]. , , , [55, 131], , 2 . , , , . , 2, , . ; . . 155

1.

, . , 2 . , , . . : , , , . , . , , . -, , . , . , , . . , , - , , . , 156

1.5.

- - , . , , (. 1.30).

. 1.30.

, , , , . . , , . , . [36]. 157

1.

- - . , , . Bayard . [56] ( ). , 2 . , . 2, , . , , , . , 2, , . P. Robel . [160] . , , , , , . , . 2 . 158

1.5.

[47], , -, , . , P. Jungblut . [111], , , . . , , , , , . , , D. Robertson . [161] J. Tsibris . [176] , . F. Bayard . [56] , , , . 2 . 2 . [135], A. Sevey . [168] . 2 , 1 2 9 1 , 2 , , , 34 . , J. Poortman . [152] 2 , 2

159

1.

. 2 0,9 2,5 / . 2 . - . 2 , - . , 2 [36, 109]. 2 . [36]. , , , - [120]. , 2 , . , . - , , [138]. 2, - . , , . 160

1.5.

- - . , : ; - . , [ 119]. . , , . , , . -. , . , 2 - , , . 2 , , [36]. , - , [138]. , , - . - (3, . - . , . -

161

1.

. . . (, , ) , - [119]. . , . , , ; , - . . , 2 , . . - [29] , , , . , , - . , . , 500 . - . Barrington, , : 1)

162

1.5.

; 2) ; 3) . Barrington , , - -. , [145] 2 , , , . - , . , - . - . , [146, 165]. - . , , . . . , , , . -. , - (, 2 ) . , , , , 2

163

1.

[165]. , . [47,125] - , . , . ( ) , , . . , . (3) , ; 3 2. 2 - ( 3 ) 3 . 3 2 , , , 2, - [89]. , 3 250 / 3- 2 [47]. , 3, , - 2. , , 164

1.5.

. , - . . , - , , . , , , , . , , . , , , . , . , ( ) , , . . , , 165

1.

, - . . - , . , , , . ; . . ( ) , , 0,5% . ( ) , , , . 3,84,3 . , , .

166

1.5.

(. 1.31). , , (, , ) . . ; , .

. 1.31. : 1 ; 2 ( ); 3 , ( ); 4 (- , + ); 5 ( )

, , , 10 . , 1 . . 1.3, , . . 1.5 , .

167

1.

1.5 - -10...-8 ; , ; ;

, , ; , ,

-6...-4

, ; , ;

-2...0

; ; , , ; ; , ; , ,

+2...+4

+6...+8

+ 10...+12

, ; - ,

, . ( ) , ( , , ), , ,

168

j.6.

. , . 2- . . , , , , . , . , . . . , , [10].

1.6. . , . 169

1.

, . , . 1.4. , . , , . , , , , . , [175]. , , , . , . . , . . ( . klimakter ) , , 170

1.6.

. : 1) ; 2) , .. ; 3) , . . , , , , . , 1 , ; . , . , ( ) . , 12 . . , , , 35- . , .. . 4850 ; 12 , , ( ), 35 . 171

1.

, , . , N. Utian [177] : (3545 ), (4655 ) (5665 ). - . . [22]. . . 20- 7 , 1 , 300400 ., . 300-400 , 3040 . , , , . : / , , . , 30 , 40 , . . , , . . , 172

1.6.

, . , , , , . , 26 40 3 7 % , 41 50 12 15 %. , [132]. , , . . - . , 50 , . , . G. Metcalf, R. A. Donald J. H. Livesey [132], 50 % , , . , (. 1.32). . 2 ( ), . , . 173

1.

. 1.32. ( [177])

. , . , [133]. , , 1. , . (, ) 1 . 50 % , . , . , , , . , 174

1.6.

. 1 1 , . 1. 2, , 1 [169]. , . 85 % . , -, -, -, [ 133]. 1 . , -, . in vitro ( ) in vivo ( ) : 1. 17- , . . 2. , , - . 50 % 30 % . 3. , , . 4. in vitro 19 - 1, 2. 175

1.

5. 1 . , , . , , . , , 79 , , , 1 2 , . . 1 , 2 . , , [99]. Nocke [134] . , 1 , 1. , 2, - . , . , , , 2 , , . , 176

1.6.

68 , 44,5 - . , , , , . , , , . , , , . , : , . , . , 10 . 3 . . . , ; , [184, 185]. , , , -, - , , [27]. , 177

1.

[174]. [134]. , - , . , . , [154]. . , . , - , 2 . - . . , - , . . , , . , () -- . , , , - 178

1 6.

. . , 50 . ; , , [10, 39]. . ; . -, . A. Tolino . [175] , ( 5 ) - 17- , ( 5 ) . D. R. Meldrum . [133] 17-, 17-, . -. - , (17,20--) . - . , , , , - . , , . 17- , . (. . 1) ,

179

1.

, -- . , , , , , , . , , , - . . , , . , - . , ( ) . , . : , , . , , , ( ), -, . , (). 180

1.6.

, , ( , ). , , , . , , , , - , (). , , , , (, , ). , , , . , . , . , - - [66, 171]. . , . , [156]. , 50 % . 181

1.

, rhesus , . , , , . . , . , , , , , , , , , . . - , , Utian [177] 20- , . , , , , . , : , , , , ; , 182

1.6.

. , , , , , , - . , (, , , ), ( ). , , . , (. 1.33), . , . , , , - .

. 1.33. ( [102])

183

1.

, , . . Klinga, Th. Hoist . Runnebaum [116], 186 176 , 4 . 1 2 40 60 . , (. 1.34). , , , , . 1.34. (), : . 20-25 () 45-49 (); ; ; ; 184

1.6.

, , . . , , . 6,08,0. . , , , . , 120 5060 2530 . , , . - . . , . , , . , . . , . . 185

1.

, , . ; , . . , , . , . . . . [38] . . 1966 . , , 25- , . 749 45-58 . , , . , , , , , ( 34 .) , . , . , 60 % 186

1.6.

. 52,3% , 34,2% , 14,6% . 9,8 % . , 49,6 0,2 , 51,4 0,3 , 38,2 0,4 , 3,3 0,8 . . 1\3 50 . 2/3 , , . , , , . , , . , , 2 . , , . , , , . , , , , 1 , 1,5 , . 187

1.

, , , 3843 , . 1,4 12,5%. . (20 %) ; 15 % , , , ; 10 % , . 55 % .

1. . . : . . ... . . . ., 1984. 2. , / . . . , . . , . . . .: , 1987. . 385-435. 3. . . . .: , 1984. 238 . 4. . . // . . 1984. 5. . 5-8. 5. . ., . ., . . . ( ) // . 1982. 44. . 4. . 5-12. 6. . . // . . 1981. 7. . 68. 188

7. . ., . . // . 3- . 1980. 13. . 476-480. 8. . . . .: , 1983. 224 . 9. . . . .: , 1980. 10. / . . . .: , 1980. 11. . ., . , . . // . . 1983. 9. . 67-68. 12. . ., . ., . . . // . ., . . 1983. 85. . 7. . 72-78. 13. . , . ., . . //. . 1980. 3. . 39-40. 14. . . // . . 1978. 1. . 6873. 15. . . // . . 1978. 10. . 67-71. 16. . ., . . // . . 1980. 3. . 32-35. 17. . ., . ., . . . - // . ., . . 1986. 91. . 8. . 65-75. 18. . ., . ., . . . . .: , 1989. 272 . 19. . ., . . . .: , 1986. 312 . 20. . ., . ., . . . .: , 1988. 293 . 21. . . // . . 1989. 2. . 38-44. 22. . . . .: , 1989. 271 .

189

1.

23. . . - // . . 1981. 6. . 18-21. 24. . . . .: , 1985. 416 . 25. . . // . . 1975. 12. . 22-24. 26. / , . ., 1965. 31 . 27. // . . / . . . . ., 1986. 200 . 28. . . . .: , 1979. 156 . 29. // . / . . . . ., 1986. 30. . , . ., . . . .: , 1975. . 5-80. 31. . . . .: , 1964. 172 . 32. . ., . . . . .: , 1970. 245 . 33. . . - , // . . 1979. 41. . 1. . 60-66. 34. . . . : , 1982. 35. . ., . . . .: - , 1981. 309 . 36. . ., . . . .: , 1982. 287 . 37. . . . .: , 1978. 246 . 38. . ., . . // . . 1986. 5. . 38-40. 190

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