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2 SUMMARY2

On Stage008 INSIGHT

Theatre «Card-index»: Guide to Polish Theatre!!of the 20th Century <Katarzyna Osinska>

Examining contemporary Polish theatre landscape, The THEATRE magazine attempts to recognize the shadows of those key figures of the past and to find the roots of an incredible flowering of Polish theatre in the late XX century. At the same time we are looking at how this flowering correlates with the golden decades of the Russian stage (60s-80s).

042 PROTAGONIST Krystian Lupa: a biography profile <Waldemar Wasztyl>

Every significant artist onAtheAcontemporary Polish stage isAeither his student, his follower or his opponent. In any case, theatre makers position themselves in relation to this incredible person. Having brought up the whole generation of new theatre directors he is still sure that a true artist should be unclear about what it is that he/she wants. This biography profile has originally been published inAThe Polish Theatre Perspective magazine issued by TheAGrotowski Institute (Wroclaw). The THEATRE maga-zine would like to thank The PTP for the text provided. WeAare pleased to present it here.

058 TREND Pawel Demirsky: Left March <Alena Karas>

From the point of view of a Russian critic, an artistic duet of Pawel Demirsky — a playwright — and Monika Strz\pka — his wife

and director — is one of the most interesting phenomena inAcontemporary Polish theatre. Their courage and refusal to compromise in dispelling national myths seems to be sacrilegious, while their new left ideas have noApromising prospects in Russia.

062 ONLOOKING Nets and Traps of the New Theatre <Elena Levinskaya>

The Golden Mask Festival presented its Polish Program in Moscow, Spring 2011. It’s been a while since the Russian audience has been offered a thrilling and diverse contemporary Polish theatre. Reaction ranged from delighted praise to contemptuous «they no longer know how to act». The THEATRE magazine offers a benevolent but ironic opinion of a Russian critic of the Polish program. This point of view presented reflects in aAprecise way a separating line between the two theatre cultures.

070 CLOSE-UP «(A)pollonia»: User’s Guide <Oleg Zintsov>

Krzysztof Warlikowski in his piece (A) pollonia undertook a highly ambitious attempt to deconstruct one of the central Polish myths. The THEATRE magazine treats his performance itself as a Rubik’s Cube in order to understand the way this piece of theatre works.

078 OPENING NIGHT The Forever Alive and The Dead <Andrei Pronin>

While we were working on aAPolish issue of The THEATRE

magazine, an acclaimed director Konstantin Bogomolov opened a show Lear. Comedy at Comedian’s Refuge Drama Theatre, St.Petersburg. This show has split the critics community immediately. It has become aAconsiderable event already because of it being the first attempt to ruthlessly deconstruct on stage our own national myths.

Off Stage098 LEGEND

The End of Taganka <Vadim Gayevsky>

Reporters have mostly written about the social aspects of Taganka Theatre conflict. TheATHEATRE magazine attempts to reveal the aesthetical reasons for the scandal caused not only by our administrative system, but also by those artistic principles this legendary theatre was based on.

1.AHow I Stopped Going to Taganka Theatre <Leonid Shenderov>

Like many other representatives of soviet intellegencia, MrAShenderov, PhD in Chemistry, was a frequent visitor of Taganka. Mr Shenderov calls back the way he used to get the sought-after tickets. He gives reasons why he doesn’t go to Taganka anymore and explains why there is no place for such a unique phenomenon as Taganka in any normal, meaning healthy, society.

2.AHow I Worked as a Cleaning Lady at Taganka Theatre<Alla Shenderova>

When the new issue ofATheATHEATRE magazine was almost ready, it turned out that all the articles about the legendary Taganka lack some kind of presentation of

3 SUMMARY3

its restless backstage, where everybody was touched by the creative impulse, including cleaning ladies and cloak-room attendants. Our member of the editorial board who used to work as a cleaning lady at Taganka shares her experience with us.

110 CHRONOTOPE Ivan Vyrypaev: How I Did Not Take the Lead of the Polish Moscow Arts Theatre <Alla Shenderova>

Russian playwright and director Ivan Vyrypaev, who lives and works both in Moscow and Warsaw, shares with TheATHEATRE magazine how heArefused to become an Artistic Director of the National Theatre in Warsaw. He also speculates on the way Polish theatre is similar to the Russian one.

116 SPECIAL OPINION Out of Politics <Olga Kabanova>

Is there any need left for political art in Russia? Why was it flourishing at a certain period of time and when exactly did we get tired of it? Is it correct to define it as art in the first place? TheATHEATRE magazine suggested these questions for consideration to an established art critic.

Beyond the Stage122 CONTEXT

Study on Russian, Polish and other myths <Boris Dubin>

In order to give context for the Russian and Polish theatre cultures development, weAasked a prominent sociologist and Polonist to define the key mythological structures that

have been shaping collective consciousness in the two neighboring countries through time. It turned out that in the myth-making Russia and Poland are the two antipodes.

136 PERSPECTIVE Hit or Miss: In Memory of Polish Cinema <Denis Gorelov>

In Soviet times people have rarely seen Polish actors onAstage, but they knew them very well from films. Hence, having published a sociocultural analysis of national myths, weAalso give way to a very personal and lyrical essay about the Russian people’s love towards an imaginary Poland that was shown to them in films.

152 CULTURE HERO ‘No, pan Mrozek, you’re not pan Mrozek!’ <Josep Maria de Sagarra Angel>

Slawomir Mrozek — the most recognized contemporary Polish playwright — rarely talks to journalists. Mr Sagarra Angel, director of Cervantes Institution (Moscow), happened to meet the dramatist in France at Cote d’Azure and used an opportunity to ask him the whole load of questions.

158 BRAND-NEW NAMES Dorota Maslowska: We are the Victims of Our History <Alexei Krzyzewski>

This interview came out of two table talks with probably the most exciting contemporary Polish playwright Dorota Maslowska during her trip to Moscow. It was a welcome visit prior to her participating in a big

festival program — Polish Theatre in Moscow. Dorota shared with The THEATRE magazine the reasons why it is so complicated to be a playwright in general and a Polish playwright inAparticular.

164 INTERFACE In a Language of Wall Posters <Ada Shmerling>

The art of wall posters for theatre has got a glorious history in Russia. Nowadays this field of design is neither in a good nor in a bad state. Having fallen into decay in the times of Brezhnev stagnation, it almost doesn’t exist in Russia any more. WhyAhas this great tradition ceased to exist? Is there any hope for a renaissance? The THE%TRE magazine addressed these questions to a graphic and poster artist Igor Gourovich.

Yellow pages201 Who has left TagankaFrom the very first years Taganka company has been in a constant conflict with their leaders — Anatoly Efros, Nikolai Gubenko or Yury Lyubiov after his return. In Who has Left Taganka Theatre? we called back the names and analyzed common reasons for leaving the company. TheAcomplete list of those who have «gone through» Taganka will make a small encyclopedia of Russian theatre of the second half of the XX century, soAwe have chosen some most important names given in anAalphabetical order.

See also:217 The Garden of Tortures

<translated by Dmitry Savosin>

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= 9'="&(0/". X@* ("&0.0 =* Y%#&(00, = Q$#-.00, = &"/"(1*- 0 0',#&*:)3;&3C 1B.5$B%&3C 1%B@#C. 9& %#6*$#. 0 )# ,%"-".#/0 X=%*,3 — ,*;$0 &# ='"C 1*&$0&"&$#C. X@* &#)3=#.0 @"&0"/ =0)B#.5&*@* $"#$%#. 4*'." '*$%B--&0;"'$=# ' !"#$%*/ NJ-*=3 = T*=*+ ?B$" (= 1963–1969 — CB-*8"'$="&&3+ %B1*=*-0$".5) 0 -%B@0/0 %","%$B#%&3/0 $"#$%#/0 (= $*/ ;0'." ' !"#$%*/ S$#%3 = 7%#1*="), )#,#-&3/0 $"#$%#/0 (V#+&# )#&0/#.': 0 CF,,"&0&@#/0), = 1972 @*-B *& '$#. -0%"1$*%*/ !"#$%# 7.#-'3;&3 = M#%<#=", 1*$*%3+ ,"%"0/"&*=#. = !"#$% S$B-0* 0 %B1*=*-0. 0/ -* 1982 @*-#.R"<#JG"" =.0:&0" &# $=*%;"'$=* V#+&3

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]X3J U0B50, 1970-3

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25 )'%)&%#T$%O «!%&)")'!%»

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26 )'%)&%#T$%O «!%&)")'!%»

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)0;3?M &?D397K, 1966

* M -%#/#$B%@00 RB8"=0;# /3 '$#.10=#"/': ' &"*- &* %*-&3/ /#$"%0#.*/: (0$#$3, E%#@/"&$3... T* — = *$.0;0" *$ #=#&@#%-# &#;#.# ="1# — ='" F$* &" «'1."0=#"$':» = &*=BJ E*%/B, )#1.J;#JGBJ = '"6" "-0&*" ,*'.#&0". O RB8"=0;# ,*'.#&0" %#)/3$*, 1*//B&01#(0: &"=*)/*8&#: /3 0/""/ -".* ' '*/&"&0"/ = ("&&*'$:C, ' *GBG"-&0"/ 6"',.*-&*'$0 0 ,B'$*$3. T" 1*..#8, # /B'*%&#: 1*%)0&# — $#1 *,%"-".:. '=*" 0)*6%"$"&0" '#/ ,*F$

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28 )'%)&%#T$%O «!%&)")'!%»

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29 )'%)&%#T$%O «!%&)")'!%»

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=*"&&3" @*-3 '$#.# *-&0/ 0) '#/3C =#8&3C /"'$ &" ,%*'$* &# "=%*,"+'1*+, &* &# /0%*=*+ 1#%$" $"#$%#.5&*+ 1B.5$B%3? Q F$* &"'/*$%: &# *@%#&0;"&0:, C#%#1$"%&3" -.: '*(0#.0)/#, &"'/*$%: &# 6#%5"%3, *$-".:=<0" @*'B-#%'$=# &#<"@* 6.*1# *$ *'$#.5&*@* /0%#. !%B-&* *$="-$0$5 &# F$*$ =*,%*'. T* /*8&* ,*,%*6*=#$5 *6*)&#;0$5 6.#@*,%0:$&3" *6'$*:$".5'$=#.S$#.0&0)/ = 4*.5<" -.0.': &"-*.@*.

T" ,%"%3=#.#'5 '=:)5 ' ,%"-=*"&&*+ $%#-0-(0"+ — &0 ' «6B%8B#)&*+», &0 ' ."=*+ #=#&@#%--&*+. 4*.5<# &" B$%#$0.# 1*&$#1$# ' H#,#-*/. M ,"%=3" ,*'."=*"&&3" @*-3, -* 1949-@*, '*C%#&:.#'5 *$&*'0$".5&#: '=*6*-# ,"%"--=08"&0: — F$* 63. ,"%0*- &#="%'$3=#&0: B,BG"&&*@* )# =%"/: =*+&3. M 1945–49 @*-#C &# ,*.5'10C '("&#C ,*:=0.*'5 &"/#.* &*="+-<0C )#,#-&3C ,5"' — 2#&# 20%*-B, 2#&-4*.: S#%$%#, 2#&# A&B:, D8*&# L*+&$*&# 4%0'$.0, !"&&"''0 O0.5:/'#. D# 0 =="-"&&3+ = 1949 @*-B = 1#;"'$=" &*%/#$0=&*@* *6%#)(# '*(0#.0'-$0;"'10+ %"#.0)/, )#0/'$=*=#&&3+ 0) S*="$-'1*@* S*J)#, &" '/*@ &0 0)/"&0$5 '*)&#&0: .J-"+, &0 ,*-*@&#$5 0'1B''$=* ,*- $%"6*=#&0: *6G"-*'$B,&*'$0, ,*&:$&*'$0, *,$0/0'$0;"'-1*@* '*-"%8#&0:. I&*@0" CB-*8&010 &" ,%0-&:.0 '*(%"#.0)/ "'.0 &" ,* 0-"*.*@0;"'10/ ,%0;0&#/, $* ,* F'$"$0;"'10/, — ,*$*/B ;$* &" C*$".0 '*@.#<#$5': ' $%#E#%"$*/, 1*$*-%3+ &#,*/0&#"$ /"G#&'10+ $"#$% XIX ="1#. T" =-#=#:'5 = -"$#.0 F$*+ &",%*'$*+ *6G"-'$="&&*+, ,*.0$0;"'1*+ 0 1B.5$B%&*+ '0$B-#(00, '."-B"$ ,*-;"%1&B$5, ;$* '0/,$*/3 ,"%".*/# /*8&* ,%*'."-0$5 ' 1953 @*-# (C*$: ,"%=3+ B-#% «="%0)/B», 1#1 $*@-# &#)3=#.0 '*(%"#.0'$0;"'1BJ ,*F$01B, 63. &#&"'"& = 1952 @*-B @#'$%*.:/0 = 4*.5<" $"#$%# «L"%.0&"% A&'#/6.5»). O8" = 1954 (!) @*-B 8B%&#. «T*=# 1B.5$B%#» *,B6.01*=#. #&1"$B «40'#$".0 * -"':$0."$00», 1*$*%#: '*-"%8#.# 1%0$01B '*(%"#.0)/#. M $*/ 8" @*-B = M#%-<#=" ,*:=0.': «S$B-"&;"'10+ $"#$% '#$0%0-

1*=» (*6K"-0&0=<0+ /&*@0C /*.*-3C ,*F$*= 0 8B%&#.0'$*=, = *'$%3C ).*6*-&"=&3C $"1'$#C 1%0$01*=#=<0C ,*.0$0;"'1BJ 0 *6G"'$="&&BJ %"#.5&*'$5), # = ?-#&'51" — '$B-"&;"'10+ $"#$-%01 «L0/-6*/», )=")-*+ 1*$*%*@* 63. /*.*-*+ #1$"% H60@&"= [06B.5'10+. U$0 '$#=<0" ,*,B-.:%&3/0 6.#@*-#%: '$#$0%0;"'10/ ,%*@%#/-/#/ $"#$%010 63.0 C#%#1$"%&3/ :=."&0"/ -.: ,*'."'$#.0&'1*+ «*$$",".0», 1*@-# '* '/"-C*/ %#)@*&:.0'5 $B;0 /0&B=<"@* ,"%0*-#.M 1955 @*-B = 7%#1*=" I#%0: P%"/# 0 !#-"B<

7#&$*% *'&*=#.0 $"#$% «7%01* 2» (= &#)=#&00 #&#@%#//0%*=#&3 '.*=# «F$* (0%1»), 1*$*%3+ &",*'%"-'$="&&* *$'3.#"$ 1 $%#-0(00 -*=*-"&&*@* #=#&@#%-&*@* $"#$%01# CB-*8&01*= 0 ,0'#$"."+ «7%01*» (1933–1938).!#18" = 1955 @*-B ,*:=.:"$': !"#$%

NJ-* =3 = %#6*;"+ T*=*+ ?B$" ,*- 7%#1*=*/. X@* -0 %"1 $*%*/ '$#&*=0$': 7%0'$0&# S1B-<#&1#. M/"'$" ' %"80''"%*/ X80 7%#'*='10/ 0 W)"E*/ V#+&*+ = 1#;"'$=" '("&*@%#E# *&0 '$#=:$ — -.: ,B6.010 ,* 6*.5<"+ ;#'$0 %#6*;"+ — ',"1$#1.0 #=#&@#%-0'$'1*@* $*.1#.M 1*&(" 1950-C X80 ?%*$*='10+ B")8#"$

0) 7%#1*=# 0 '$#&*=0$': — =/"'$" ' NJ-=01*/ Y.#<"&*/ — %B1*=*-0$"."/ $"#$%# «13 %:-*=» = 9,*.".D#8" &"'1*.51* ,%0/"%*= $"#$%#.5&*+ 80)&0

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— ,*/0/* M#%<#=3 (@-", 1*&";&*, '* =%"/"&"/ ,*:=0.*'5 6*.5<" ='"@* $"#$%*=), 7%#1*=#, N*-)0, M%*(-

30 )'%)&%#T$%O «!%&)")'!%»

!"#$%. &'(')%(

.#=# 0 4*)&#&0 — *1#)3=#.0'5 ?-#&5'1, NJ6-

.0&, 7#$*=0(", X."&:-?B%#, 9,*.", &" @*=*%: B8" * -"%"=&:C, $#10C 1#1 ?#%-)"&0(" 0.0 M"&-@#+$3, @-" *'&*=3=#.0'5 #.5$"%&#$0=&3" $"#$%3 = 1970-C 0 1980-C. M 4*.5<", 1#1, &#,%0-/"%, 0 = ?"%/#&00, &"$ '0.5&*@* ,%*$0=*,*'-$#=."&0: '$*.0;&*" — ,%*=0&(0#.5&*".4%*0'C*-:G"" = ,*.5'1*+ 1B.5$B%" &" 0/""$

0"%#%C0;"'1*+ '$%B1$B%3. M ,*'."=*"&-&*+ 4*.5<" -*/0&0%*=#.# @*%0)*&$#.5&#: /*-".5 — ,*:=.:.0'5 0.0 =*)%*8-#.0'5 $"#$%3, =* @.#=" 1*$*%3C ;#'$* '$#&*=0.0'5 /*.*-3" CB-*8&010 ($#1 ,%*0'C*-0$ 0 -* '0C ,*%, ,%0/"%*/ /*@B$ ,*'.B80$5 $"#$%3 = M#.680C" 0.0 = N"@&0(", 1 1*$*%3/ %#'$"$ 0&$"%"' = ,*'."-&0" @*-3). U$* &" )&#;0$, ;$* #%$0'$#/ 80.*'5 ."@1*. M &"6*.5<0C ("&$%#C 'BG"'$=*=#. '"%5")&3+ %0'1, ;$* '/"-.3" F1',"%0/"&$3 &" ,%0/"$ /"'$&#: ,B6.01# 0 =.#'$0. T#,*/&J, ;$* ."@"&-#%&3+ «A1%*-,*.5» ?%*$*='1*@* <". = 9,*." ,%0 ,*;$0 ,B'$3C )#.#C, 0&*@-# ',"1$#1.5 0 =*='" &#-* 63.* *$/"&:$5, 0 $*@-# "@* 0@%#.0 -.: *-&*@* )%0$".: — X80 ?%*$*='1*@*.7 '.*=B, = *$.0;0" *$ %*''0+'10C 1*.."@,

B /&*@0C 0) =3-#JG0C': ,*.5'10C %"80''"%*= &" 63.* '*6'$="&&3C '("&. T0 7*&%#- S=0-&#%'10+, &0 X80 P%*(10+, &0 A&-8"+ M#+-#, &0 7%0'$0#& NJ,# &01*@-# &" =*)@.#=.:.0 &01#1*@* 1*.."1$0=#. H#$* ='" *&0 %#6*$#.0, 1#8-3+ = '=*" =%"/:, = !"#$%" S$#%3 = 7%#-1*=". A "@* -0%"1$*%# (H0@/B&$ >J6&"%, P& 4#=". ?#=.01, S$#&0'.#= ?#=.01) ,%0@.#-<#.0 '#/3C .B;<0C %"80''"%*=, '("&*@%#E*=, 1*/,*)0$*%*= — $#1 F$*$ $"#$% '$#. ."@"&-*+. Q/"&&* )-"'5 ,*'$#=0. '=*0 @.#=&3" ',"1-$#1.0 A&-8"+ M#+-# (%*-. = 1926), '%"-0 &0C «S=#-56B» (1963) 0 «T*:6%5'1BJ &*;5» (1974) M3',:&'1*@*, «L"'*=» (1971), «T#'$#'5J Y0.0,,*=&B» (1977) 0 «4%"'$B,."&0" 0 &#1#)#-&0"» (1984) ,* D*'$*"='1*/B.M -%B@*/ '/3'." #&$00"%#%C0;&*'$5 1B.5-

$B%3 ,%*:=.:.#'5 = $*/, ;$* &*=3" :%10" :=."&0: %*8-#.0'5 &# /#."&510C, &"*E0-(0#.5&3C '("&#C, = 1%B@B $"C, 1$* &" =C*-0. = ;0'.* ,%*E"''0*&#.*= $"#$%#. O8" = 1960-" '$#.* ,*&:$&*, ;$* 0'$*;&01*/ *6&*=."&0: ,*.5'1*@* $"#$%# = 1954–56 @*-#C 63.0 '$B-"&-;"'10" $"#$%3 0 -":$".5&*'$5 ,*F$*= 0 CB-*8-&01*=.

I0%*& L:.*<"='10+: $"#$%--*/01

M 1955 @*-B = =#%<#='1*+ 1=#%$0%" ,*F$# I0%*&# L:.*<"='1*@* (1922-1983) %*8-#-"$': :=."&0" ' 6*.5<0/, 1#1 ,*1#8"$ =%"/:, /0E*$=*%;"'10/ ,*$"&(0#.*/. U$*$ $"#$%01 CB-*8&01*= ,*&#;#.B &#)3=#.': !"#$% &# !#%-;0&'1*+, ,*$*/ — '* '/"&*+ 1=#%$0%3 — 63. ,"%"0/"&*=#& = $"#$% «9'*6&3». 9& 'BG"'$-=*=#. -* 1963 @*-# 0 ,*-@*$*=0. )# F$* =%"/: ,:$5 ,%*@%#//. T# ,";0 = 1*/&#$" I0%*&# L:.*<"= '1*@* &# B.0(" !#%;0&'1*+ =0'". #E*%0)/ 2#&# 7*1$*:

«LA230240,-5+6 7./?..293 092+4+6, ;3/+402+4+6, .+X;023,36 /+.2G6+9, /+6@+X72+4+6, 205C+4+6 ;+,D35 H:2- +;75 K3,+93/. )0/+I+ 9.3.2+4+553I+ 272050 53A.?W3.29?32. P50K72, 3;757C? 50;+ X063572- 236, K2+AH+,-M3 9.3I+ @+V+D3 50A3;757C?, — I4?@@+B ;4?X3B».

7 1%B@B -%B)"+ I0%*&# L:.*<"='1*@*, *-&*@* 0) '#/3C *%0@0&#.5&3C ,*.5'10C ,*F-$*=, &#-"."&&*@* 0'1.J;0$".5&3/ '.*=*$=*%-

874+5 S1,+M39./7B, 1950-3

31 )'%)&%#T$%O «!%&)")'!%»

!"#$%. &'(')%(

;"'10/ -#%*/ (0 ,*$*/B ,*;$0 &","%"=*-0/*@* &# -%B@0" :)310), ,%0&#-."8#.0 '%"-0 ,%*;0C N"C U/E#)3 S$"E#&'10+, NJ-=01 >"%0&@, CB-*8&0(# NJ-/0.# IB%#='1#:. U$*$ -*/#<&0+ 1%B8*1 *1#)#.': = ("&$%" =&0/#&0: #%$0'$0;"'1*@* /0%#; = 1=#%$0%B &# !#%;0&'-1*+, # ,*$*/ &# ,.*G#-0 D*/6%*='1*@* ,%0C*-0.0 0 0&*'$%#&&3" @*'$0 —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«I*0 ,%*0)="-"&0: 1#1 6B-$* 63 '0&$"$0;"'-10", &" $*.51* '*1%#G"&&3", &* 1*%*$10", 1#1 1$*-$* '1#)#., ' &#/"1#/0 &# -"+'$=0$".5-&*'$5, '*'$#=."& &3" 0) /@&*="&0+ -"+'$=0-$".5&*'$0», — @*=*%0. *& 12. !*@-#<&0" 1%0$010 ,*/"G#.0 $"#$% L:.*<"='1*@* = 1*&$"1'$ )#,#-&*@* #=#&@#%-# (C*$: 1*.*%0$ "@* ,*F)00 0'1.J;0$".5&* ,*.5'10+, # = ',"1$#1.0 ,%*'#;0=#.0'5 *6%3=10 (0$#$, '."-3 $=*%;"'$=# ,*.5'10C %*/#&$01*=). X@* /"$*- -")0&$"@%#(00 $%#-0(0*&&*@* ,*="'$=*=#&0: — «F$* /"$*-, C#%#1$"%&3+ 0 -.: '*=%"/"&&*+ 80=*,0'0 ($#<0)/), 0 -.: '*=%"/"&&*+ /B)310, 0 -.: '*=%"/"&&*+ ,%*)3 (F1',"%0/"&$3 LJ$*%# 0 R*6-?%0+" ' %*/#&*/)»13. U$# (0$#$# 0) '$#$50, *,B6.01*-=#&&*+ = 1959 @*-B = ,#%$0+&*+ @#)"$" «V$#&-#% NJ-B», 0)-#=#=<"+': = NJ6.0&", /&*@* @*=*%0$ *6 #$/*'E"%" 0&$".."1$B#.5-&*+ 80)&0 = 4*.5<" $"C ."$.!"#$% L:.*<"='1*@* %#)%B<#. ='" &*%/3,

1*$*%3/ ,*-;0&:.#'5 $%#-0(0*&&#: '("&#.«%26+.J340 93K34+9 50A)04-K75./+B, — 40../0X:90, +;75

7XA@47.?2.29+909M7V 206, — ^2+A53A2+,-/+ @+^X71, 5+ 7A9.3, . K36A.20,/790,.1 X4723,- @343; 236, /0/A+2/4+32.1 X050-93.: 60,35-/7B X0,, /04275: L72/0C:, 0J+47X6: 50A@3K7, K343@/7 40XH72+B /0.24G,7 50AH3,:V @4+9+,+/0V… $0;3D-;0 50A5+9+3 7./?..29+ 7A0?40 2075.29355+.27 .+H740,0 9A60,35-/+B /+65023 75+I;0 H+,33 .20 K3,+93/ X4723,3B. "57AI+9+47,7 9@+,I+,+.0 7A53AX50,7, @47512+A,7 9A;,*4 230243 V,+@02-»14.

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S '"%"-0&3 1950-C 4*.5<B )#C."'$&B.# =*.&# )#,#-&*+ -%#/#$B%@00. S&#;#.# L%"C$ ("@* '$#=0.0 &#;0&#: ' 1954-@*), ,*$*/ &"*63-;#+&* ,*,B.:%&3+ = 1950-" 0 1960-" Y%0-%0C DJ%%"&/#$$. M *-&*/ $*.51* '")*&" 1957 / 58 ,%*<.0 $%0 ,%"/5"%3 «M0)0$# -#/3»: = ,*'$#&*=1" 7#)0/"8# D"+/"1# = N*-)0, N0-00 H#/1*= — = 7%#1*=" 0 NJ-=01# R"&" —

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K0,7 9:;0GW73.1 V?;+D57/7, I40J7/7, ./?,-@2+4:, 04V7-23/2+4:: *324 *+29+4+9./7B, !0X763D 87/?,-./7B, 'D7 $+9+.3,-./7B, )0;3?M SD+-X+9./7B, L,0;7.,09 Y0.b4, [405K7M3/ =204+93B./7B, 804705 !+,+;X3B, 'D7 E?409-./7B. *+.,3 /+4+2/+I+ @347+;0 7,,GX7+57X60 (1949-1953) 9AV?;+D3.29355+6 +J+46,3577 .@3/20/,3B .205+972.1 .7,-5:6 9,71573 .G4430,7X60, 0AK?2- @+XD3 — 7./?..290 75J+463,- (750K3 — 20M7X6), ;,1A/+2+4+I+ V040/2345+ .2436,3573 /A^/.-@43..77 7A.9+H+;5+3 .+K320573 40X5:V J0/2?4. <20 @+.,3;511 235;35C71 +2,7K0,0 .C35+I40-J7K3./+3 29+4K3.29+ )0;3?M0 !052+40 7A]X3J0 U0B5: (+57 +H0 40H+20,7 20/D3 .C35+I40-J067 9A43@342?045:V 230240V).$3+HV+;76+ @+;K34/5?2-, K2+A?57/0,-5+.2- @+,-./+I+ 230240 .+.2+1,0 9A7523I40,-5+B .91X7 43D7..34./7V 7A@,0.27-K3./7V 7;3B. P0932 L:.@15./+I+ +/0X0,.1 0/2?0,-5:6 9A@+.-

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'D7 ED3I+D39./7B, 1990-3

38 )'%)&%#T$%O «!%&)")'!%»

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=C350 7XA.@3/20/,1 'D7 ED3I+D39./+I+ «(X1;:: F6@4+97X0C77», !40/+9, 1995

39 )'%)&%#T$%O «!%&)")'!%»

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***

8 -"1#6%: 1990 @*-# B/"% — ,*'." ,*'."-&"+ %","$0(00 ',"1$#1.: «S"@*-&: B /"&: -"&5 %*8-"&0:» — !#-"B< 7#&$*%. !*@-# 1#)#.*'5, ;$* =/"'$" ' &0/ B<". = ,%*<.*" #=#&@#%-0)/ = ,*.5'1*/ $"#$%", ;$* &#'."-0" 7#&$*%# &#='"@-# *'$#&"$': ,"%"="%&B$*+ '$%#&0("+. S"@*-&: =0-&*, ;$* "@* $=*%;"'$=* =-*C&*=.:"$ /&*@0C, -#8" $"C, 1$* $%B-0$': = *6.#'$:C, ' 1*$*%3/0 7#&$*% &" C*$". 0/"$5 &0;"@* *6G"@*. 7 "@* %#6*$#/ &#,%:/BJ *$'3.#. — = '=*"/ ,*'."-&"/ ',"1$#1." «9&. M$*%*" =*)=%#G"&0" 9-0''":» ,* M3',:&'1*/B 0 A&$*&0&" ?8"@*8"='1*+ (2004) — X80 ?8"-@*8"='10+. M 0-":C 7#&$*%# ;"%,#J$ =-*C&*-="&0" 7%0'$0#& NJ,# 0 &"1*$*%3" "@* B;"-&010.T* 0 0)=";&#: ,*.5'1#: /";$# * $*/, ;$*63

$"#$% =3<". )# @%#&0(3 $"#$%# 0 '$#. ;"/-$* 6*.5<0/, ;"/ &"1*" /0/"$0;"'1*" 0'1B''$=* (*&# ,%0'B$'$=B"$ = ,*.5'1*+ 1B.5-$B%" &#;0&#: ' I0(1"=0;# — ;"%") $"#$% «R"-B$#», ;"%") ?%*$*='1*@* 0 = &"'1*.51* 0&*/ '/3'." ;"%") #.5$"%&#$0=&3" $"#$%3 60—70-C @*-*=), $*8" &" 0';").#. M 90-" *&# &"'1*.51* *$C*-0$ &# =$*%*+ ,.#&. T* )#$"/ =*)%*8-#"$': &# &*=*/ =0$1" ,*.5'1*+ $"#$-%#.5&*+ 0'$*%00. Q $*$ 8" NJ,#, &# '.*=#C *$="%@#JG0+ ?%*$*='1*@*, &# -"." =*)=%#-G#"$': 1 F$*+ /";$". 4%#= 63. 40$"% L%B1: «L*.5<*" =.0:&0", "'.0 *&* '0.5&*", 0-"$ =@.B65 0 ,%*'$0%#"$': *;"&5 -#."1*». !"#$%.

4"%"=*- T#$#.0: S$"E#&*=0;

1 4*.&*'$5J $"1'$ '$#$50 /*8&* ,%*;0$#$5 &# «2".$3C '$%#&0-(#C» — '/. '$%. 201.

2 [0$. ,*: H.-T. Lehman, Teatr postdramatyczny, Krak!w 2004, '. 61.

3 K. Puzyna, Synteza za trzy grosze, Warszawa 1974.

4 4*'."-&"" — "G" *-&# =#8&#: 0 $*8" &" 0/"JG#: &0;"@* *6G"@* ' .0$"%#$B%&3/ $"#$%*/ $%#-0(0:, &#<"-<#: ,%"1%#'&*" =3%#8"&0" = '$0.0)*=#&&3C '$#%*,*.5'10C /0'$"%0:C, 1*$*%3" '$#=0. 7#)0-/"8 D"+/"1 (1924–2002) = N*-)0 &# %B6"8" 1950–60-C @@. 0 ,*$*/ &# '("&" !#$%# T#%*-*=3 = M#%-<#=".

5 4%*;0$#&&3+ = 7*.."8 -" Y%#&' = 4#%08" = 1840-C @@. (01. ."1(0+ * '.#=:&'10C .0$"%#$B%#C 0 1B.5-$B%#C, )#,0'#&&3+ 0 0)-#&&3+ "G" ,%0 80)&0 ,*F$#)

6 M. Piwi!ska, «Dziady» Swinarskiego, «Teatr» 1973, nr 9.

7 [0$. ,*: Z. Osi!ski, Teatr Dionizosa. Romantyzm w polskim teatrze wsp"#czesnym, Krak!w 1972, '. 279.

8 E. Wysi!ska, «Dziady» w teatrze Swinarskiego, «Dialog» 1973, nr 10.

9 [0$. ,*: T. Kantor, Pisma. Teksty o latach 1934–1974, wybra# i opracowa# K. Ple$niarowicz, t. 1, Wroc#aw — Krak!w 2005, '. 553–554.

10 O1#). '*;., '. 558.11 A. Grodzicki, Re%yserzy polskiego

teatru, Warszawa 1979, '. 159–160.12 [0$. ,*: G. Ker"nyi,

Odta!cowywanie poezji, czyli dzieje teatru Bia#oszewskiego, Krak!w 1973, '. 16.

13 Z. Jakubik, O teatrze Bia#oszewskiego, «Sztandar Ludu» 1959, nr 134. [0$. ,*: G. Ker"ny, '. 20.

14 A. Os&ka, Teatr na pierwszym pi&trze czynszowej kamienicy, «Po prostu» 1956, nr 51. [0$. ,*: G. Ker"ny, '. 14.

15 K. Puzyna, B1#). '*;., '. 37–38.

40

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0A2+,-/+ 9A@,053 0/234./7V @+7./+9, 2+A3.2- 9A.6:.,3 @+K27 23V57K3./+6, ,0H+402+45+6.LA&+..77 H:2+90,+ 653573, K2+AE4+2+9./7B +M7H0,.1 7A53A@+5760,, K2+A@4+7.V+;7,+ .+A=2057.,09./76 7A9+/4?I 53I+ 9A@+.,3;57B @347+; 3I+ 29+4K3.290. )36A53A63533, +220,/7901.- +2A632+;0 J7X7-K3./7V ;3B.297B, E4+2+9./7B @47H,7X7, 23024 /A472?0,? 7A.@4+9+C74+90, @343.6+24 .06+B .?W5+.27 0/234.290. FA;0D3 3.,7 @+2+6 57/2+ 53A.6+I @+92+472- .2+,- 40;7/0,-5+I+ D3.20 @4753.3-571 .3H1 9AD3429? 50A.C353, /0/A^2+ H:,+ 9A.,?K03 &:M04;0 a3.,1/0 9A«=2+B/+6 @475C3» !0,-;34+50-=,+90C/+I+ (1965), 2+AJ7X7/0 0/2340 ?DA2+K5+ .20,0 ;+@+,535736 3I+ @.7V7/7 9A7;33 «C3,+.2-5+I+ 0/2340», /+2+4?G @40/-27/+90, E4+2+9./7B 9A.9+3B «#0H+402+477». *+.,3 E4+-2+9./+I+ 23,3.501 ^/.@43..71 0/2340 .20,0 @+K27 +H1X023,--5+B — 7A53A2+,-/+ 50A.C350V, 50V+;1W7V.1 @+;A53@+.43;.-29355:6 3I+ 9+X;3B.29736, 5+A7A9A43@342?045:V, +J7C7-0,-5:V 230240V. "AX50K3577 E4+2+9./+I+ ;,1A674+9+I+ 230240 50@7.05: ;3.12/7 /57I 7A.+257 .2023B, 0A«=2+B/7B @475C» 9A7.@+,53577 &:M04;0 a3.,1/0 .20,, @+D0,?B, .06+B 40.@4+.2405355+B ^6H,36+B 0/234./+I+ 7./?..290 9A230243 92+4+B @+,+975: XXA93/0.LA.9+G +K343;-, )0;3?M !052+4 +.+H355+ 9:;3,1, 83B34V+,-;0 /0/A@43;9+;7-23,1 230240,-5+I+ 0905I04;0, K34@09M3I+ 7XA.+932./+I+ 0905I04;0 9A7X+H40X723,-5:V 7./?..290V. %A9A240I7K3./+6 J750,3 3I+ D7X57 !052+4 97;3, @4++H40X .?;-H: ,GH+I+ V?;+D57/0.'D7 O4+C/7B (4+;. 1929), /0/A7A65+I73 ;4?I73 43D7..34: 9A*+,-M3 7A9A6743, 9+.@4757-60, 83B34V+,-;0 /0/A@43;-

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«S402-1 !04060X+9:», 43D. !47.2705 #G@0, 1990

«80,-23», 43D.A!47.2705 #G@0, 1991

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O5 #357C0, 0J7M0 /A«[3;43» &0.750, Teatr Powszechny, L04M090, 1988

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(Pawei Chynowski. Teatr Lubimowa // hycie Warszawy. ` 131, 3 czerwca 1980).

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S3XA@+;@7.7. %/234./73 40H+2: )30240 50A)0I05/3 // «)47H?50 ,G;?». 26 601 1980. =. 5.

(Aktorskie kreacje Teatra na Tagance // Trybuna ludu. 26 maja 1980. S. 5)

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?*"' M.1%/2%,-('. E%'"$'15:;3 ,-"$%A .A'$.,':*% // E;C.&:*( (615"6$'15:;. W 24, 15 *7:0 1980. C. 12.

(Rita Goi\biowska. Teatralnych spotkaj czar // Tygodnik kulturalny. ` 24, 15 czerwcz 1980. S. 12)

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