922 - , / /- ., . ,...., . ., ...., . ., ...., . , / /- . , . 186 (99 87 ) (..=10.91, ..=0.93). , 38,91% : , . , / . , .

, Goleman (1997), : ) , ) , ) ) ) . Thorndike (1920), Salovey & Mayer (1990), Gardner (1993) Sternberg (1999). , , , , , , , , , .. , , , , . , , . , , , - . , , , , . , , . , , , , ,

1

(Mercer, 1995). , , . . K , , , . , (.., , ) (.., , ), (-), , (Weiner, 1985). , / (internal/external locus of control), Rotter (1966, 1982) . , , (Lefcourt, 1983), , , , .. , : , , , , . , , , ( & , 1999). , . , , : , , / , . . 186 (99 87 ) (..=10.91 , ..=0.93). . (Emotional Quotient Inventory: Child Version) BarOn & Parker (2000), , , , , ..

2

30 , 4 : , , . - (Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire) Crandall, Katkovsky & Crandall (1965). 34 , . , , 13 14 . (Positive Interactions Scale) Stevens et al. (2000), ( , , ...). 6 , : , , , . Cronbach alpha .69 .85. , Varimax. , 1, , 38,91% . , , .., , , .., , , .. .40 . Cronbachs alpha .79, .78 .70. 2 , ( ), ( , ) . , , : , . , , , , , , , .

3

( ) 3. , / . , , , , . , . , . (Pearson r) , / . , (, ) ((r = .191, p < .05, r = .261, p < .01 r = .510, p < .001 ),

925 / (r =.393, p < .001). , , (r = . 492, p < .001), / . : ) , , (), ) , ( ) ) , , , .. ( ). , , , , , . ,

4

, - - (, 2004, Eagly, 1997). , , , , , , . ( ) , , , , (Wigfield, et al., 1997). / , . , , , . , , , , : ) , ) , ) , , ) , , , ) , ) , , .. . : , . (2004). : . . & . (. .) (. 227-244). : . , . & , . (1999). , . , 48-49, 55-79. Goleman, D. (1997). . EQ IQ;

5

(. . & . ). : . Sternberg, R. (1999). . (. . - & . ). : . : BarOn, R. & Parker, J.D.A. (2000). The BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems. Crandall, V.C., Katkovsky, W. & Crandall, V.J. (1965). Childrens beliefs in their own control of reinforcement in intellectual-academic achievement situations. Child Development, 36, 91109. Eagly, A.H. (1997) Sex differences in social behaviour: A social role interpretation. Hillsdale N.J.: Erlbaum. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Lefcourt, H.M. (1983). Research with the locus of control construct. New York: Academic Press. Mercer, N. (1995). The Guided Construction of Knowledge, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectations for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80 (Whole No. 609). Rotter, J.B. (1982). The development and application of social learning theory. New York: Praeger. Salovey, P. & Mayer, J.D. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagin. Cogn. Pers. 9, 185-211. Stevens, V., De Bourdeaudhuij, I. & Van Oost, P. (2000). Bullying in Flemish schools: An evaluation of anti-bullying intervention in primary and secondary schools. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 195-210. Thordike, E.L. (1920). Intelligence and its use. Harpers Magazine, 140: 227-235. Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548-573. Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. Yoon, K., Suk, H. R., Arbreton, A., Freedman-Doan, C., & Blumenfeld, P. (1997). Changes in childrens competence beliefs and subjective task values across the elementary school years: A three-year study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 451469. 1. (..)

927 3. .741 23. .693 16. .676 20. .647 26. .629

6

5. .623 14. .618 30. .611 4. .543 6. .534 19. .497 24. .412 9. .407 17. .787 22. .761 28. .675 25. .659 2. .638 11. .601 15. .534 1. .494 29. .442 21. .414 10. .770 13. .731 8. .622 27. .602 18. .485 12. .453 7. .415 4.891 4.012 2.988 2. .. .. .. .. t 32.64 2.91 32.99 2.84 -.091 24.39 3.04 25.13 3.57 3.21** 18.72 2.69 19.77 3.01 -1.99* . 75.75 2.88 77.89 3.14 .45 ./. 14.33 2.28 14.24 2.04 .56

928./.

7

10.38 3.77 11.17 3.13 1.08 ./. 24.89 4.79 25.54 3.66 .54 21.51 5.08 23.89 4.03 -3.53** * p < .05, ** p < .01 3. ( ) .. .. .. .. t 31.47 2.35 33.89 2.74 3.39** 24.52 3.99 24.02 3.02 .38 19.07 1.93 18.92 2.06 1.04 . 75.06 2.43 76.83 2.61 .76 ./. 14.87 1.77 14.25 2.41 2.03* ./. 11.62 3.26 10.14 3.60 .84 ./. 26.00 4.32 24.65 4.37 .44 22.85 3.57 22.29 3.42 .76 * p < .05, ** p < .01 :

., , /. , , . , , , , - , .

8

. , . - , . / ,

929 ( ) . , , - , . , , , . , , . , / . , (, ), (Apple, 2000). , , /- (Rose, Gallup & Elam, 1997). , (Newmann & Wehlage, 1995) , / . , , / (Desimone 1999, Epstein & Dauber 1991, Ho & Willms 1996; Schneider & Coleman 1993; Singh et al. 1995, Van Voorhis 2000, Vincent 2000).

9

, , . (Epstein, 1992, 1996, 2001, HooverDempsey & Sandler, 1995). , (Crozier, 2000, Vincent & Martin, 2000), (Rose, Gallup & Elam, 1997) (Cotton & Wikelund, 1989, Brough & Irvin, 2001, Epstein, 1995, 2001). , , . - (Cotton & Wikelund, 1989), , , . , , , . , , , , .

930 , , / /, (, 1998). , - . , - -

10

. , (Home Office, 1998): ) . ) CDroms ) , . (Edwards & Alldred, 2000): ) (homework clubs). ) . ) , , , , , , . 1566/1985, . IE, ( ) . , 201/1995, , , / / / / / , . () / , / . , , , . , () , / ' . , 4 8/1995, , , . - . . ,

11

(Epstein, 1995), , (White, Taylor & Moss, 1992). , , / / , , (Epstein, 1996). , 51 1566/1985. , , , ,

931 , ( 3). , , ( 5). 1. . , .380 , , 2001 . , 22 , , , . , , , , , , , , .

12

- , . ( / 25 /) . 600 / 40 8 / . . 381 , (, 2007: 57). , , . 2. , : , . , . , - - , : , , . , / . , , / , , . 380 , . 381 / 293 /, 2004

13

, 229 64 .

9323. ) : , , , . , : __________ . ( ) , , , , . Cohen & Manion (1997), , . , / , . , (Adelman, Kemmis, & Jenkins, 1980: 48), , / / (Stake, 1995) / (Merriam, 1988). . (Case study) (Stake, 1995), , , (Wellington, 2006). (unit), , / , , / / / /, . , , , , , , , ,

14

() (Yin, 1994). , , . / , , , . /, / , (Yin, 1984), (, 2006), (Mitchell, 1983). , / , , , (Cohen & Manion, 1997) , . / (Taylor & Bogdan, 1998). , , , / / ,

933 , (Wolcott, 1995: 175). . , , , , , . ,

15

, (Stenhouse, 1985). , , , . , / / ( , , , ) . (Merriam, 1988). Flick (1998), , , / /. , / ( ) . , / / / / / . ) , (, , / ) . : ) . ) , ( 2007 ). , . , / / , , / (Taylor & Bogdan, 1998). , (saturation), , , . 16 / / 14.

16

: 1) , ; 2) (, , , ); 3) / ; 4) / / ; 5) / ; 6) / /; : 1) ,

934 ; 2) ; ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) ; 6) ; 7) / /; / / , / , . , , : / , / / / , . : , . , .. , / ,

17

. : , , , , , , . / / / ( , , , , .). , : . , , , . & / , / / . / / , / . , , / / . , / / / , / /, / / / ( , , ), / /. / /, / / . , ( ) /

935/. :

18

. , . . / /: / , / / / /. , : . , . . / , / - - / (, , , ). , / / (Giroux, 1985). : , , , . . / / . , / : / / / /. / , , . , : , , , . , . . .. , .

19

, /, , . , : . . . , , / / . , : , . .. . , . ( ) / . , : . . . . ,

936 . , / /, / , , . , , : , , ,

20

, .. , , . . . : . , , ( ) , / . / , . , : . , , , , . , 10% . , , () / / . , (, , ), , .. , ... . / : , : . , . . /

21

, . , : .. , , . , . /

937 /- , & . , . , , . Adelman, C, Kemmis, S. & Jenkins, D. (1980). Rethinking Case Study: Notes from the Second Cambridge Conference, in: Simons, H. (Ed.), Towards a Science of the Singular (pp. 47 61). Centre for Applied Research in Education: University of East Anglia. , ., (2007). __________ : , , 96, 47 - 58. Apple, M. (2000). Away with All Teachers: the cultural politics of home schooling International Studies in Sociology of Education, 10(1), 61-80. Brough, J. & Irvin, J. (2001). Parental involvement supports academic improvement among middle schoolers. Middle School Journal, 32(5), 56-61. Cohen, L. & Manion, L., (1997). . : . Cotton, K. & Wikelund, K, (1989). Parent involvement in education. (School Improvement Research Series SIRS Close-up No. 6). Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Crozier, G. (2000). Parents and Schools. Partners or protagonists? Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books. , . . ( ), , . . Desimone, L. (1999). Linking parental involvement with student achievement: Do race and income matter? The Journal of Educational Research, 93, 1130. Edwards, R. & Alldred, P. (2000). A Typology of Parental Involvement in Education Centring on Children and Young People: negotiating familialisation, institutionalisation and individualisation. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 21 (3), 435-455. Epstein, J. L. (1995). School/family/community partnerships: Caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 76 (9), 701712.

22

Epstein, J. L. (1996). Perspectives and previews on research and policy for school, family, and community partnerships. In A. Booth& J. Dunn (Eds.), Family-school links:How do they affect educational outcomes? (pp. 209-246). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Epstein, J. L. (2001). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools. Boulder Co.: Westview Press. Epstein, J. L. & Dauber, S. L. (1991). School programs and teacher practices of parent involvement in inner-city elementary and middle schools. The Elementary School Journal 91 (3), 289305. Flick, U. (1998). An introduction to qualitative research. California: Sage. Henry Giroux, Teachers as Intellectuals, Social Education, 49, Vol. 15, 1985, pp. 376-379. Ho, E., & Willms, D. J. 1996. Effects of parental involvement on eighth-grade achievement. Sociology of Education 69, 12641. Home Office (1998). Supporting Families: a consultation document. London: Stationery Office. Hoover-Dempsey, K., & Sandler, H. (1995). Parental involvement in childrens education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College Record, 97, 310-331. Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study application in education. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Mitchell, J. C. (1983). Case and Situation analysis. Sociological Review, 31(2), 187-211. , . (1998). : . : . Newmann, F. & Wehlage, G. (1995). Successful School Restructuring. Madison: Center on Organisation and Restructuring of Schools. , . (2006). : . , . & , . (.),

938 (. 231-258). : . Rose, L.C., A.M. Gallup & Elam S.M. (1997). The 29th annual Phi Delta Kappan/Gallup Poll of the public's attitude toward the public schools. Phi Delta Kappan, 79(1):41-56. Schneider, B. & Coleman, J. S. (Ed.) (1993). Parents, their children, and schools. Boulder Co.: Westview Press. Stake, R. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. California: Sage. Stake, R, (2005). Qualitative Case Studies. In: Denzin, N. & Lincoln Y. (Ed.),The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 443-466). London: Sage. Stenhouse, L. (1985). Note on Case Study and Educational Practice, in: Burgess, R., Field Methods in the Study of Education (pp. 263-271), The Falmer Press, London. Vincent, C. (2000). Including Parents: Education, Citizenship and Parental Agency. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Vincent, C. & Martin, J. (2000). Schoolbased parents groupsa politics of voice and representation? Journal of Education Policy, 15(5), 459480. Taylor, S. & Bogdan, R. (1998). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods. John Wiles & Sons. Yin, R. (1994). Case Study Research. Design and Methods. California: Sage.

23

Wellington, J. (2006). Educational Research: Contemporary Issues and Practical Approaches. London-N.York: Continuum. White, K. R., Taylor, M. J. & Moss, V. D. (1992). Does research support claims about the benefits of involving parents in early intervention programs? Review of Educational Research, 62(1), 91125. Wolcott, H. F. (1995). The art of fieldwork. London: Sage. , , ., , ...., . , . . ( ) . , . , . , . , . 326 , . ( 25% ), ( 25% ). , . , , , , , . , , , . , . , . , . , . . ,

24

, . , , , , , . , .

939 , . , . . , (attachment theory Bowlby, 1988) . , , , (Kenny 1987, Hauser & Bowlds 1990). , , (Kenny 1987, Kobak & Sceery 1988, Armsden, McCauley, Greenberg, Burke, & Mitchell 1990, Kenny, Gallagher, & Alvarez-Salvat 2002). , (Minuchin 1974, Street & Dryden 1988) , . , (Bradley, Whiteside, Mundfrom, Casey, Keller, & Pope 1994, Fergusson, Horwood, & Lynskey 1994, Cowen, Work, & Wyman 1997, Hammen 1999, Luthar, in press). , . , ,

25

, , , (Werner 1995, Eccles 1997, Smith 1999) (Maggs, Frome, Eccles, & Barber 1997) (Wolff 1995). , (Tiet, Bird, Davies, Hoven, Cohen, Jensen, & Goodman 1998). , , , ( 2007). , . , , , , , , , , , , . , (Gerard & Buehler 2004). Harter (1986) , , - , , .

940 , , , , , , , (Gurney 1986). , , . Newcomb (1997), ,

26

/- , , , , . , , , , (Wentzel, 1998). , , (Harris 1995, Newcomb & Rickards 1995). , . , , , (Resnick, Bearman, Blum, Bauman, Harris, Jones, et al. 1997, Gerard & Buehler 2004). , , . , (.. Masten, Hubbard, Gest, Tellegen, Garmezy, & Ramirez 1999), , . - , . Huebner, Suldo, Smith McKnight (2004) , , , .

27

(Leontopoulou, 2006). Turner Kopiec (2006) , , , , , . . . , , , , . , , , . . ,

941 , , , , . 326 , 158 30 , 18,6 . The British Standard Occupational Classification 2000, , 28,7% - , 22,3% , 46,8% . (48,9%), (43,6%) (7,4%). , /-. /- .

28

, 99%. 382. , , . . The Life Experiences Survey (LES) . The Beavers' Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI-) . The Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWBS). . , (Life Experiences Survey, LES: Sarason, Johnson, & Siegel 1978). 50 , , " " " ( )", 10 /-. , , . 7 "-3 = ", "0 = ", "+3 = ". . . - Beaver (Beavers Self-Report Family Inventory II, SFI-: Beavers & Hampson 1990). SFI- 36 Likert ( : 1 = : , 3 = : 5 = : __________ ), "' " " ". SFI-II . - Harter (Harter Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, SPPA: Harter, 1988 -, 2001), -

29

, .382

942 . 65 . " " ( 1 , 3 ) " " (2 4, ), " , ". SPPA 383, , - . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . . - . SPPA -. (The Social Support Questionnaire, SSQ6: Sarason, Sarason, Shearin, & Pierce 1987 Roussi & Vassilaki, 2001) . , , . , . . . , . , . . , ( ) ( ) . (Psychological Well-Being Scales,

30

PWBSShort Scales: Ryff 1989) . 86 , " " " ", 6 "-" (1 = , 6 = ). PWBS . , (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28: Goldberg, 1978 Garyfallos, Karastergiou, Adamopoulou, Moutzoukis, Alagiozidou, Mala, & Garyfallos 1991) 28 . : () , () , () , () . : " ;" " ;". 28 , "1 = 384", "2 = / ", "3 = / " "4 = / ". GHQ . 383 . 384 .

943 , 1, . 7. , . , . , , , , . , , , . ,

31

, , , . , .. Masten et al (1999).

944 1. , ( ) . . (. .) >7 3,67 (3,58) ,96 (,12) -,12* ,78

32

(,18) -,08 ,06 >7 ,57 (,27) ,06 ,02 ,23*** 2,13 (,57) ,09 -,03 -,01 ,04 3,53 (1,64) ,13* ,11 ,01 ,01 -,27*** 5,52 (,60) -,07 ,23*** ,03 -,13* -,43*** ,25*** 3,02 (,52) -,10 ,12* ,06 ,04 -,26*** ,04 ,25*** 4,52 (,58) -,16** ,07 ,06 ,09 -,44*** ,11* ,45*** ,60*** 4,78 (4,97) ,30*** -,08 -,08 ,10 ,39*** -,06 -,26*** -,44*** ,46*** : * p < ,05, ** p < ,01, *** p < ,001 945 , , . , , 25% . , (23,3% ) (24,5%). , (33,7% ) (23,9%). , . , (4,9% ),

33

(3,06%). (two-way analysis of variance ), Bonferroni, , , , , . , . , . (F(16, 63) = 17,23, partial = ,81, p < .001) . (F(16, 63) = 3,21, partial = ,44, p < .001) . (F(16, 63) = 3,83, partial = ,49, p < .001). (one-way analysis of variance) 2, . 9. . , , : , , . , . , . , , , , , . 1(), . 10, , .

946 2. F, partial

34

, - F Sig Partial F Sig Partial F Sig Partial 1,94 ,16 ,02 3,87 ,05 ,04 ,51 ,47 ,00 19,81 ,00 ,20 ,11 ,73 ,00 4,81 ,03 ,05 76,50 ,00 ,49 ,07 ,78 ,00 1,70 ,19 ,02 2,77 ,10 ,03 1,94 ,16 ,02 4,66 ,03 ,05 7,35 ,00 ,08 ,05 ,81 ,00 5,19 ,02 ,06 1,44 ,23 ,01 1,66 ,20 ,02 ,01 ,91 ,00 15,81 ,00 ,16 ,23 ,63 ,00 6,87 ,01 ,08 4,96 ,02 ,06 1,19 ,27 ,01 ,30 ,58 ,00 17,01 ,00 ,17 ,02 ,87 ,00 4,79 ,03 ,05 ,07 ,78 ,00 5,44 ,02 ,06 2,70 ,10 ,03 2,56 ,11 ,03 1,69 ,19 ,02 5,73 ,01 ,06 >7 ,34 ,55 ,00 3,87 ,05 ,04 ,03 ,86 ,00 9,28 ,00 ,10 3,08 ,08 ,03 ,32 ,57 ,00 5,78 ,01 ,06 1,08 ,30 ,01 ,49 ,48 ,00 35,85 ,00 ,31 ,20 ,64 ,00 1,18 ,28 ,01 4,45 ,03 ,05 10,59 ,00 ,12 ,50 ,48 ,00 : * p < ,05, ** p < ,01, *** p < ,001. (D. F.) F (1, 78).

947

3.60 3.30 3.00 2.70 2.40 2.10

0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65

() () 1. : () () ( ) , , . , , . , , . , , , , , . , ,

35

. , , . 1(), . 10, , . - . , . , (. Kobak, Sudler, & Gamble 1991, Harter 1993, Kenny, Moilanen, Lomax, & Brabeck 1993). , . (.. Newcomb 1997, Kenny, Gallagher, & Alvarez-Salvat 2002). , , , (.. Bradley, Whiteside, Mundfrom, Casey, Keller, & Pope 1994, Werner 1995, Cowen, Work, & Wyman 1997). ,

948 . , . , . , , , (.. Bell, Allen, Hauser, & OConnor 1996, Eccles, Lord, Roeser, Barber, & Josefowicz 1997). , . , , () , , , . , . (Gerard & Buehler 2004, Huebner et al 2004 ). , , . , . (.. Holahan, & Moos

36

1994, Newcomb, 1997, Leontopoulou 2006). , . , , . , , (Hussong, & Chassin 2004, Schulenberg, Sameroff, & Cicchetti, 2004). , , . , , , . , , , . , . . . , ( ).

949 , , , (Reynolds & Ou, 2003). , , , ,

37

, , . , , ( ). , , , . , (Masten et al 1999, Luthar in press). . , , , . , (SEM structural equation modelling) (HLM hierarchical linear modeling) . , . (2007). . , 5, 83-111. , . ( ). : , . . (.), : . : . , . ( ). . . (.), . Armsden, G. C., McCauley, E., Greenberg, M. T., Burke, P. M., & Mitchell, J. R. (1990). Parent and peer attachment in early adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18 (6), 683-697. Beavers, W. R., & Hampson, R. W. (1990). Successful families: Assessment and intervention. London: W.W.Norton and Company, Ltd.

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40

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