ရန္ကုန္ဘေဆြ - မွ ဦးသိန္းေဖျမင့္သို႕ အိတ္ဖြင့္ေပးစာ

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY tdwfzGifhay;pm

jrefrmusL;ypf 1111


xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;xkwfa0rIrSwfwrf;

yD'Dtufzfxkwfa0jcif; ; yxrtBudrf

xkwfa0umv ; 2009 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv

tkyfa& ; uefYowfrxm;

pkpnf;ol ; cohtet

pmtkyftjyiftqif ; cohtet

rsufESmzkH; ; umwGef;armifpdef

jrefrmusL;ypf 2222


Nidrf;pmpOftrSwf 52? ZvGefvrf;? Munfhjrifwdkif? &efukefNrdKU

jzefYcsDa&;yk*Hpmtkyfwdkuf? 13? 107 vrf;? awmifnTefY? &efukefNrdKU/(zkH;/ / 12002)

þpmtkyfudkarmifuHwifh (0705)? 52? ZvGefvrf;? Munfhjrifwdkifu wm0efcHxkwfa0í?OD;oef;aqG? eHYomykHESdyfvkyfief; (0486)? 13? 107 vrf;? awmifnTefY?&efukefu wm0efcH½dkufESdyfonf/

þpmtkyfrsufESmzkH;udkOD;pdefu a&;qGJí? e,l;bm;rm;wGif bavmufjyKvkyfNyD;? zifpDatmhzfpufykHESdyfwdkufwGif½dkufonf/

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Nidrf;pmpOfoD;jcm;xkwfESpf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 3333


&efukefbaqG rS&efukefbaqG rS&efukefbaqG rS&efukefbaqG rS

OD;odef;azjrifh odkYOD;odef;azjrifh odkYOD;odef;azjrifh odkYOD;odef;azjrifh odkYtdwfzGifhay;pmtdwfzGifhay;pmtdwfzGifhay;pmtdwfzGifhay;pm

þpmtkyfESifhywfoufaomwm0eft&yf&yfonfa&;olESifhomoufqdkifonf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 4444


&efukefbaqG \&efukefbaqG \&efukefbaqG \&efukefbaqG \trSmtrSmtrSmtrSm

cspfaompmzwfolrsm;odkY -cspfaompmzwfolrsm;odkY -cspfaompmzwfolrsm;odkY -cspfaompmzwfolrsm;odkY -

usaemf onfpmrsdK;udk ra&;vdkyg/ odkYaomf a&;bdkY&ef taMumif;uzef vmonf/

Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmonf? ,ck awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& wufvmrS tBudrf tawmfrsm;rsm;? usaemfhudk xdyg;ykwfcwf a&;vmonf/wcgw&H taMumif;rJh tvGwfcsvmonf/

usaemf rnfodkYrQ rawG;wwfatmif jzpf&\/ usaemfonfEdkifiHa&;orm;vnf; r[kwf? EdkifiHa&; rvkyfawmh/

usaemf EdkifiHa&; rvkyfcJhonfrSm? atmifqef; tufwvDpmcsKyfvufcHNyD;onfh tcsdefu pí jzpf\/

rdrd 0rf;pmtwGuf? 0ifaiG&onfhtvkyf wpkHwck r&SdbJ? EdkifiHa&;vkyf&if; xrif;pm; aeEdkifonfh b0rsdK;udk? usaemf rowD/

xdkYaMumifh? wm0eftm;vkH;rS uif;vGwfaom? 0rf;pmtwGuf pma&;pm;onf/ ½dk;½dk; olvdkigvdk t&yfom; wa,mufjzpf&um;? usaemfonfvGwfvyfpGmaeonf/ rnfonfh ae&mürqdk vlBuD;vkyf&ef pdwfrul;?vlBuD;wdkY apmifhpnf; xdef;odrf;&onfh tdaÈódu©mvnf; rapmifhpnf;/

Oyrm? ½kyf&Sif½dkufonf/ jyZmwfuonf/ wD;0dkif;xJü 0ifxdkifonf/ t&ufaopm aomufpm;onf/

þvdk? bmudkrS rajr§mfrSef; r&nf½G,fonfh usaemfhtm;?Adkvfwaxmifu tBudrfBudrf csvmonf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 5555


usaemfu rnfodkYrQ rwkHYjyefbJ aeaomtcg? usaemfh &Jabmf&JbufawGESifh ½dk;½dk;awGYqkHrI? tultnDay;rI wdkYudkyif ykHBuD;csJYvmum?wefjyefawmfvSefa&;orm; jzpfatmif vkyfBuHvmonf/

awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&\ txiftjrif rSm;jcif; cH&atmif a&;om;vmonf/

usaemf\ &Jabmf&Jbufrsm;onf? usaemf\ apwem ESifh opömudk?woufvkH; av;pm;,kHMunf cJhMuaomfvnf;? þtwdkif; Nidrfaeíqufvuf ajymyga&;ygrsm;u ,kHxifaMumifxif jzpfvmvdrfhrnfudk pdk;&drfvmonf/

xdkYaMumifh usaemfhtzdkY? &efrvdkygrS &efydkydkvmaomaMumifh? ]]uJ ..csMu pwrf; qdkvQif? csMupdkY&JU}} [k þ OD;odef;azjrifhodkY tdwfzGifhay;pmudktoufn§mqkH; a&;om;vdkufonf/

odkYaomf .. usaemfhbufu csufjcif; jyefa&;bdkY qkH;jzwfonfr[kwf/ apmifhMunfhaeao;\/

cspfpGmaom pmzwfolwdkYudk a0zef qkH;jzwfEdkifavmufatmif?jzpfaMumif;i,frS ukefpif&rnf qdkaomf ..

19.9.63 aeYpGJESifh xkwfaom Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmwGifatmufazmfjyyg owif;wyk'f ygvm\/

jrefrmusL;ypf 6666


aygif;wnf y u & z ESifhaygif;wnf y u & z ESifhaygif;wnf y u & z ESifhaygif;wnf y u & z ESifh

jynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;jynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;jynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;jynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;

pma&;q&mtoif;OuúXBuD;pma&;q&mtoif;OuúXBuD;pma&;q&mtoif;OuúXBuD;pma&;q&mtoif;OuúXBuD;

AdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; xH vmawGYonfAdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; xH vmawGYonfAdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; xH vmawGYonfAdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; xH vmawGYonf

aygif;wnf pufwifbm 15

aygif;wnfNrdKUrS AdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD; nD OD;atmifav;ESifhOD;xGef;&if wdkYydkif jynfvkH;Mobm qefpuf\ ta&;ygaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifhyu&z rIxrf;rsm;udk pokH;vkH;rS ,aeY xyfrH zrf;qD;vdkufNyD[k qdk\/

cdkifvkHNyDcdkifvkHNyDcdkifvkHNyDcdkifvkHNyD

pufwifbm 12 &ufaeY nrS pwifí ppfaq;cJh&m ,cktcgtaMumif;tcsuf tawmfcdkifvkH aeNyD jzpfonfhtwGuf jynfvkH;MobmqefpufrS ta&;BuD;onfh yk*¾dKvfrsm; jzpfMuaom OD;atmif'if? OD;ausmf&if?udkarmifodef;? OD;armifuGef;? OD;uGef;armif ESifh OD;odef; wdkYtm; ppfaq;ízrf;qD;onf/

ZkHrefae*smygZkHrefae*smygZkHrefae*smygZkHrefae*smyg

y&uz rS ,cif ZkHrefae*sm OD;[efpdef? a'owm0efcH OD;0if;odef;?pyg;Xme OD;tkH;ausmf ESifh e,fvSnfh pyg;t0,f'dkifrsm;rS yu&z rIxrf;rsm;jzpfMuonfh OD;vSpdef? OD;Mobm? OD;pdefuwkH;? OD;apmvIdif? OD;xGef;&Sdef?OD;BuD;armif ESifh udkodef;aqGwdkYtm; zrf;qD;vdkufonf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 7777


nppf reufzrf;nppf reufzrf;nppf reufzrf;nppf reufzrf;

yu&z rIxrf;rsm; jzpfMuonfh OD;apmvIdif? OD;pdefuwkH;?OD;BuD;armif? OD;xGef;&Sdef? OD;Mobm ESifh udkodef;aqGwdkY pokH;vkH;rSpufwifbm 12 &ufaeY nwGif ac:,lppfaq;NyD; 13 &ufaeY eHeuf 10em&DwGif zrf;qD;vdkufjcif; jzpfonfqdk\/

a'owm0efcH OD;0if;odef;tm; 12 &ufaeYwGif ac:,lppfaq;NyD;14 &ufaeY noef;acgif tcsdefwGif jyefvTwfvdkufNyD;aemuf ,aeYeHeuf 8em&DwGif zrf;qD;vdkufjcif; jzpf\/ ,cif ZkHrefae*sm OD;[efpdeftm;&efukefrS ac:,lNyD; ,aeYeHeuf 4 em&D &xm;jzifh aygif;wnfodkYvdkufygvmonf/ 4if;tm; zrf;qD; vdkufjyefonf/ ,ck tzrf;cH&olrsm;tm; ,aeYaeYvnf 1 em&D 10 rdepf tcsdefwGif ukefwifum;trSwf 3281 jzifh jynfNrdKUodkY tapmifhta&Smufrsm;jzifh ydkYvdkufNyD[kMum;od&\/

OD;atmifav;? OD;xGef;&if? OD;vSazwdkY 3 OD;rSm &efukefa&mufaeonf/ aygif;wnfodkY owif;a&;aeonfh tcsdefxdjyefra&mufMuao;[k qdk\/ owif;w&yf tqdkt& &efukefwGifa&Smifwdrf; aeMuonf[k Mum;&\/ odkYaomf þjyóemrsm;tm;vma&mufajz&Sif; Edkifvdrfhrnfqdk\/

pokH;vkH;rS vma&muf ppfaq;&mwGif t"du tcsuftm;jzifhbPfacs;aiGrsm;/ pyg; ta&mif;t0,f udpörsm;ESifh tpdk;&ESifhqefta&mif;t0,f udpörsm; jzpfonf/ yu&z rS zrf;qD;xm;onfhrIxrf;rsm;wGif pyg;bufXme rIxrf;yg0ifaeonf/

&efukefrS qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif;ocifjrodef; ESifh pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG wdkYvnf; aygif;wnfodkYraeYu a&mufvmMuonf[k owif;Mum;od &\/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;

jrefrmusL;ypf 8888


atmifBuD;twGuf vmMuonf[kvnf; Mum;&\/ ,aeYeHeuf 10 em&D 10rdepfwGif AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;onf nDjzpfol OD;atmifav;twGuf aomu a&mufaeovm; rod/ ewfwvif;NrdKUodkY um;jzifh oGm;íocifjrodef;wdkYESifh awGYqkHMuonf [kvnf; Mum;od&\/ nae 5 em&D 10rdepf wdwdwGif ewfwvif;rS aygif;wnfodkY jyefvmMuonfudkawGYjrif&\/

twnf rjyK&ao;aom owif;w&yf tqdkt& &efukef armfwifbufwGif OD;atmifav; ESifh OD;xGef;&ifwdkY ESpfOD;tm; a&Smifwdrf;ae&mrSzrf;rdvdkufonf[k qdk\/ OD;vSaz\ owif;udk tpteyif rMum;&ao;acs/ aygif;wnfrS awm½Gm w½GmwGif a&Smifwdrf;aeovdkvdk owif;w&yfvnf; xGufay:vmonf/ odkYaomf tajctjrpf r&SdaMumif;awGY&onf/

xdkazmfjyyg owif;xJü ]]&efukefrS qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef; ESifh pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG wdkYvnf;aygif;wnfodkY raeYu a&mufvmMuonf[k owif;Mum;od &\/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; twGuf vmMuonf[kvnf; Mum;&\/}} [k yg\/

qefpuf ydkif&SifawGudk ta&;,l zrf;qD;aeqJ? txl;ojzifh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; \ nD OD;atmifav; qefpufudk ta&;,laeqJzrf;qD;aeqJ owif;ESifh twl ../

qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef; ESifhpma&;q&m &efukefbaqG wdkY AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; udk vmawGYMuonf[k a&;vdkufjcif;rSm 'DtcsdefrS usaemfu wckck 0ifa&mufaqmif½Gufae oa,mifa,mif? xifjrifvmMu avatmifowif;vkyfvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/

jrefrmusL;ypf 9999


xdkYaMumifh r&Sif;vQif rjzpfawmhNyD jzpf&um; tqdkyg 19.9.63 aeYüyif atmufyg ajz&Sif;csufudk? xGef;aeYpOf? Adkvfwaxmif ESifh aMu;rkHwdkYudk ydkYvdkufonf/

OD;odef;azjrifh odkY tdwfzGifhay;pmOD;odef;azjrifh odkY tdwfzGifhay;pmOD;odef;azjrifh odkY tdwfzGifhay;pmOD;odef;azjrifh odkY tdwfzGifhay;pm

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

av;pm;vsuf

usaemfonf 8.9.63 aeYu okH;q,fNrdKUwGif usif;yaom(vlawGonf acG;xuf rdkuf\) [laom pum;&nfvkyGJudk tqdkacgif;aqmif tjzpfESifh oGm;a&mufajymygonf/

usaemfwdkY AdóEdk;NrdKU oGm;MupOfu? auR;arG; {nfhcHvdkufaompmaytzGJYi,f uav;wck\ &HykHaiG &&Sda&;twGuf oGm;a&muf ulnDjcif;jzpfygonf/

]]wvkyfpm;zl; olYaus;Zl;&,fvdkY qdk½kd;&Sdw,f r[kwfygvm;Asm}}

tJ'DaeYu pum;&nfvkyGJ NyD;awmh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;&SdwJh aygif;wnfudk qufoGm;? aygif;wnfa&muf? udkatmifBuD;wdkYtdrfrSmwntdyf? eHeuf xrif;pm;yD; tJ'D (9.9.63) aeYrSm jyefvm? &efukefa&muf/

'gudk cifAsm;&JU Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmu 'DaeY (17.9.63)aeYxkwf ]]jynfvkH;Mobmu jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if;}} qdkwJh -

aygif;wnf pufwifbm (15) &ufaeY owif;rSm -

]]&efukefrS qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef; ESifh pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG wdkYvnf; aygif;wnfodkY raeYu

jrefrmusL;ypf 10101010


a&mufvmMuonf[k owif;Mum;od &\/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;atmifBuD;twGuf [kvnf; Mum;od&\/}} .. [k a&;vdkufawmh usaemfupufwifbm (14) &ufaeYurS aygif;wnfudk a&mufovdkvdk jzpfaew,f/

trSefu tJ'D (14) &ufaeYrSm jrefrmEdkifiH yef;csD? yef;yk aumifpDtrIaqmifawG&JU vkyfief;eJY tJ'DaeYu 3 em&DrSm xyfzGJYvdkufwJhtzGJYi,fawG&JU vkyfief;awGudk wzGJYpD &Sif;jyae&vdkY ..

EdkifiHjcm;a&muf oH½kH; tBuD;tuJrsm; twGuf AdkvfrSL;BuD;apmjrifhu zdwfxm;wJh xrif;pm;yGJ udkrQ roGm;EdkifbJ nae 8 em&DcGJ txdtpnf;ta0; xdkifae&w,f cifAs/

tJ'gudkbJ cifAsm;&JU Adkvfwaxmifu tJ'DaeYrSm qefpufydkif&Sifrsm;twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef;eJY pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGwdkYaygif;wnfudk a&mufvmMuw,fvdkY a&;wm[m vkyfBuHvGef;tm; BuD;ygw,f/ tJ'D ocifjrodef;eJY usaemfeJY rawGYMuwmvJ wESpfausmfavmuf&SdygNyD/

yD;awmh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; twGuf vmMuonfvdkYqdkawmh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; bmjzpfvdkYvJ cifAs/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; b,fvdkjzpfaewJh twGuf usaemfwdkYu bmvkyfbdkYbmMu&wmvJ cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm;/ tJ'Davmuf vkyfBuH&ufwmawmhraumif;bl; xifygw,f cifAsm/ odu©mrJhvGef; vSygw,f/

'Dvdk r[kwf rrSefwmudk rqdkxm;eJY [kwfrSefwJh taMumif;?[kwfrSefwJh pum;udkawmif wcsdKU ae&mawGrSm ajym&if cifAsm;udk,fwdkifrcHr&yfEdkifatmif jzpfcJhbl;w,f r[kwfvm;/



Oyrm ..

]]'DAdkvfcsKyfae0if; tpdk;& bmem;vnfvdkYvJ/ olwdkYxJrSmEdkifiHa&;orm; wa,mufrS rygbl;/ usKyfajymcJh a&;cJhwJh twdkif; wckNyD;wck vdkufvkyfaew,f r[kwfvm;/ usKyfuawmh vdkufvkyfazmf&&ifawmfygNyD/ vdkufvkyf aeao;orQawmh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY axmufcHtBuHÚmPf ay;ae&rSmbJ}} qdkwJh cifAsm; vlwumudk avQmufavQmufajymaewJh pum;av ..

cifAsm;[m awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&&JU ae&mXme toD;oD;awG xJudk0ifvdkuf xGufvdkuf vkyfvdkuf/ yD;awmh vli,fawGa&SU a&muf&if wckcktaMumif;&SmNyD; tJ'D pum;ajymvdkuf vkyfaewmudk ..

rdrd [kwfygvQufom;ESifh wjcm; wpkHwa,mufu awmfvSefa&;tpkd;& em;xJ rawmfwq aygufoGm; Mum;oGm;rnfh ae&mrsdK;rSm ajym&ifcifAsm; rcHr&yf Edkifbl; r[kwfvm;/

tJ'DvdkayghAsm? udk,fudk,fwdkif [kwfygvQufeJYrS rcHr&yfEdkifjzpfwwf&if r[kwfwJh vlawGtwGuf b,fvdkaervJ/

'Dvdk vkyfenf;rsdK;awG[m raumif;awmh ygbl;Asm/ usaemfwdkYtoufawG BuD;ukefMuygNyD/ vli,fawGu usaemfwdkY twkawG,lukefMu&if rcufaybl;vm;/

&if;ESD;aom&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG

17.9.63



cspfaom pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm; .cspfaom pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm; .cspfaom pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm; .cspfaom pmzwfolrsm; cifAsm; .

usaemfh tpD&ifcHcsufudk zwf&if; cspfpGmaom pmzwfolwdkY twGufowif;pm A[kokwvnf; wdk;vdrfhrnf xifygonf/ taMumif;rl azmfjyygtdwfzGifhay;pmudk Adkvfwaxmif owif;pm ESifh aMu;rkH owif;pmESpfapmifvkH;ü aemufwaeYwGif yg&Sdvmygonf/

odkY&mwGif owif;pm t,f'DwmwdkY\ oabmtwdkif; jzwfawmufxnfhoGif;ay;Muonf jzpf&m pmwrsdK;xJu xGufvmaom owif;ESpfyk'fudk,SOfMunfh,kHrQESifh owif;pmynmudk cspfpGmaom pmzwfolwdkY &dyfpm;rdEdkifMuygvdrfhrnf/

atmufwGif azmfjyaom owif;onf Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmüygaom owif; jzpfygonf/

&efukefbaqG aygif;wnfodkY&efukefbaqG aygif;wnfodkY&efukefbaqG aygif;wnfodkY&efukefbaqG aygif;wnfodkY

14 &ufaeYuroGm; 8 &ufaeYu oGm;onf&efukef pufwifbm 17

,aeYxkwf Adkvfwaxmif rsufESmzkH;wGif azmfjycJhaomjynfvkH;MobmrS jznfhpGuf tzrf;pm&if; owif;ESifh ywfoufí pma&;q&mtoif; OuúXBuD; jzpfol pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGu ,aeY ajz&Sif;csufay;ydkY\/

Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmwGif pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGESifh&efukefrS qefpuftoif; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef;wdkYpufwifbm 14 &ufaeYu aygif;wnf&Sd AdkvfcsKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;xHvma&mufawGYqkHaMumif; azmfjycJhonf/



tqdkyg owif;ESifh ywfoufí &efukefbaqGu ]]usaemfonf(8.9.63) aeYu okH;q,fNrdKUwGif usif;yaom (vlawGonfacG;xufrdkuf\) [laom pum;&nfvkyGJudk tqdkacgif;aqmif tjzpfESifhoGm;a&muf ajymygonf/}}

]]tJ'DaeYu pum;&nfvkyGJNyD;awmh AdkvfcsKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; &SdwJhaygif;wnfudk qufoGm;? aygif;wnfa&muf? udkatmifBuD;wdkY tdrfrSmwntdyf? eHeuf xrif;pm;NyD; tJ'D (9.9.63) aeYrSm jyefvm?&efukefa&muf}} [lí ajz&Sif;csufwGif a&;om; azmfjyxm;onf/

&efukefbaqGu rdrd AdkvfatmifBuD; twGuf oGm;jcif; r[kwf[kajz&Sif;csufwGif azmfjyonf/

(&efukefbaqG\ ajz&Sif;csufwGif azmfjy ouJhodkY Adkvfwaxmifowif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyfu vkyfBuHa&;om;jcif; r[kwfbJ wdkufodkY ay;ydkY&&Sdaom owif;udk wm0efus t,f'Dwmrsm;u omref owif;xnfh&dk;xnfhpOf azmfjyjcif; jzpfonf/)

cspfpGmaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfpGmaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfpGmaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfpGmaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..

Adkvfwaxmif\ ajz&Sif;csufESifh waeYwnf; ygvmonfh? atmufüazmfjyxm;aom aMu;rkH owif;pmrS owif;udkvnf; zwfMunfhygOD; ..



&efukefbaqG ESifh ocifjrodef;&efukefbaqG ESifh ocifjrodef;&efukefbaqG ESifh ocifjrodef;&efukefbaqG ESifh ocifjrodef;

AdkvfatmifBuD;xH oGm;awGYonfqdkjcif;rSm rrSef

&efukef pufwifbm 17

jrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&m toif; OuúX pma&;q&m&efukefbaqGonf pufwifbm 14 &ufaeYu qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjrodef; ESifhtwl aygif;wnf&Sd AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;atmifBuD;xH oGm;a&muf awGYqkHonf/ xdkodkY awGY&mwGifvnf;AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; twGuf jzpfonf [laom owif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGu þowif;rSm vkyfBuHa&;om;jcif;om jzpfonf/ rdrdESifh ocifjrodef; rawGUonfrSmvnf;wESpfausmfcefY &SdNyD[k aMu;rkHodkY ajymMum;vdkufonf/

&efukefbaqGu qufvufí rdrdonf tjcm; pma&;q&mrsm;ESifhtwl pufwifbm 8 &ufaeYu okH;q,fwGif usif;yaom ]]vlawGonfacG;xufrdkuf\}} [laom pum;&nfvkyGJodkY tqdkacgif;aqmif tjzpfoGm;a&mufcJhpOfu pum;&nfvkyGJ tNyD; AdkvfatmifBuD; &Sd&m aygif;wnfodkYqufoGm;cJhjcif;om jzpfonf/

vkyfBuH owif;wGif 14 &ufaeYurS ocifjrodef; ESifhtwlAdkvfatmifBuD; twGuf oGm;ovdkvdk jzpfaejcif;rSm ajcxdk;jcif;omjzpfonf/ rdrdonf xdk 14 &ufaeYu jrefrmEdkifiH yef;csDyef;yk aumifpDtzGJUi,frsm; pnf;a0;wGif n 8-em&DcGJ txd pnf;a0; xdkifaecJhonf/

þuJodkY r[kwfrrSef vkyfBuH a&;om;jcif;rSm raumif;? rdrdonfAdkvfcsKyftpdk;& vrf;pOfudk axmufcHovdk tjcm;olrsm;ESifhvnf;½dk;½dk;om;om; rdwfaqGrysuf aygif;oif; aeolom jzpfonf/ owif;udkvkyfBuHolvdk tpdk;&Xme toD;oD;wGif 0ifvdkuf xGufvdkufjzifhvltxifBuD;atmif [efa&;jyaeol r[kwf? rdrdwdkYonf touft½G,f



BuD;MuNyDjzpfí wa,mufESifh wa,muf *kH;wdkuf raeMubJ wdkif;jynftwGuf udk,fqdkif&m tvkyfvkyfMubdkY aumif;NyD[k ajymMum;vdkuf\/

cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; ..

txufyg ajz&Sif;csufrsm;onf Ak'¨[l;aeYxkwf owif;pmüygvmjcif; jzpfygonf/

odkYaomf Adkvfwaxmifonf rdrd xifa,mifxifrSm; vkyfcJhonfudkusaemf\ ajz&Sif;csufrsm;aMumifh? usaemfhudk ,kHxifaMumifxif txifrSm;ap&ef cJ,Of;vmonf jzpf&um; -

Mumoyaw;aeYxkwf Adkvfwaxmifürl twifh&JpGmjzifhyif -

]]wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; ESifh twl vIyf&Sm;aeaomvufsmqdk&S,fvpf}} [k cyfajymifajymifbJ pGyfpGJvmygawmhonf/

xdk pGyfpGJcsufygaom aqmif;yg;onf atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/

pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;

,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ

armifarmifeD - wifjyonf/

jynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh vuf0JaoGzDa&;orm;rsm;onf tpGrf;ukef vIyf&Sm;aeMu\/ xdkenf;wlpGmyif pma&;q&m&efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;wdkYonfvnf; aqmufwnf&mr&vIyf&Sm;aeonfudk awGY&\/

jynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;onf awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&\t&if;&Sif vrf;aMumif;rS cGJxGufí qdk&S,fvpf xlaxmifa&; twGuftajccHrsm;udk wckNyD; wck csrSwf vkyfudkifaeonfh vkyfief;wdkif;tm;



zsufqD;ypfae\/ aemufqkH; ajymifajymifwif;wif;yif wm;qD;vmcJh\/wwfEdkifygu {&mr awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& qefYusifa&;BuD; vkyf&efvnf;BudK;yrf;aeMu\/

xdkodkY t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdkua&pDorm; trsdK;om; opömazmufjynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh &nf½G,fcsufcsif; wlaomvuf0JaoGzDa&; w&m;ao *dkPf;*P orm;rsm;onf awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&qefYusifa&;wGif oGm;a&muf aygif;pnf;rdMuonf/ zqyv OD;AaqG\t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdkua&pD awmif;qdkrIESifh tvHeD ocifpdk;BuD;\t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdkua&pD axmufcHrIwdkYonf xif&Sm;aom om"ursm;jzpf\/

odkYvdk vufsmorm; OD;AaqGESifh vuf0JpGef; ocifpdk;BuD;wdkYaygif;pnf; rdMuovdk ,aeY pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ESifhpma&;q&m atmifvif;\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;rSmvnf; yl;aygif;rdMuonf/&efukefbaqG\ &mZ0ifrsm;udk jyefajymif; Munfhrnf qdkygu &efukefbaqGonf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD;jzpfcJhonf/ pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifhvnf; vufsmqdk&S,fvpfrsm;udk ausmaxmufaemufcH jyKcJhonf/ tvkyftauR; jyKcJhonf/ wavmu OD;ausmfNidrf;\ ZeD; tdrfay:wGifppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGif jyóemü wnfNrJzqyv ocifcspfarmif wdkYbufrSoufaocHjcif;ESifh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;udk oGm;a&mufawGYqkHjcif;rsm;u 4if;\ eef;Zmwd½kyfudk zkH;uG,f r&atmifazmfjyvdkufjcif;yif jzpf\/

txl;ojzifh &efukefbaqGonf *syefawmfvSefa&; umvrSt&Sdeft0grsm;ESifh cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyKí tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcHyk*¾dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf/ 4if;onfvufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwnf; &Sdaeonfjzpfí 4if;\ t,ltqrsm;onfwm0ef &Sdolrsm; tay: vTrf;rdk;oufa&muf oGm;onf qdkygu wdkif;jynf\



uHMur®mudk rawG;&J atmifyif &Sdawmh\/ rnfodkYyif jzpfap pma&;q&m&efukefbaqGonf pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh ,cktcg wefjyefawmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;í vIyf&Sm;aeonf[k aumufcsufcs&rnfom jzpf\/

odkYvdk pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk jrifawGYod&Sd&NyD;aemuf pma&;q&m atmifvif;\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk qufvufMunfh½I&efjzpf\/ pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf w&m;ao *dkPf;*PESifhvuf0JaoGzDa&; t,ltqrsm;\ rxifr&Sm;aom aemufvdkufwOD;jzpfcJh\/ xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jzpfoifhygvsuf rxif&Sm;jcif;rSm ynmwwfvlvwfwef;pm;wdkY\ tacsmiform; nmOfaMumifh jzpf\/

pma&;q&m atmifvif;\ &mZ0ifudk wydkif;wp w0ufwysufavhvmjcif;xuf jynfhjynfhpkHpkH avhvmonfu onfae&mü ydkíoifhavsmf\/ pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf tvHeD ocifpdk;BuD;\oifwef;rS ydkYcscsufrsm;udk pkaygif;í tEky#davmr tzGifhusrf;jzifhxif&Sm;vmovdk tjcm; wzufrSvnf; *Dw ESifh pmayt& xif&Sm;vmoljzpf\/ trSefrSm pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf t&if;&Sif vrf;aMumif;ay:wGif rmhufpf0g'udk ,m,DudkifpGJí pmaywGif atmifyGJ qifEdkifol jzpf\/

odkY&mwGif olonf rmhufpf0g' vufeufudk vlwef;pm; atmifyGJtwGuf udkifpGJcJhonf r[kwf½kHomru olYtwGufyifvQif atmifjrifrI &&Sd½kHuav; ,m,D taeESifhom udkifpGJcJhol jzpf\/ odkYjzpfí pma&;q&matmifvif;onf atmifyGJ&onfh aeYESifh rmhufpf0g'udk vufvTwfvdkufonfhaeYrSmyif t&if;&Sif pHepfu olYudk jzLjymcgatmifyif zsufqD; ajcrIef;umtEdkif,lcJhawmh\/

wu,fawmh pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf xdkaeY xdktcsdefrS pírmhufpf0g'udk opömazmufcJhonf[k qdk&rnf jzpf\/ onftwdkif;vnf;olY&Jabmfrsm;u olYudk oabmxm;cJh\/ olYb0wGif vlwef;pm; tbd"r®m?



wm0ef? &Jabmf&Jbuf? ygwD ponfwdkY r&SdawmhonfESifh t&if;&Sif pHepf\om;aumifwaumifom;aumifwaumifom;aumifwaumifom;aumifwaumif taeESifh vGwfcsifoavmuf vGwfcJh\/ olvGwfcJhykHrsm;rSm rsdK;pkHvSayonf/ vlwef;pm; tajccHrJh toJuGJ? rsuf&nf? t&ufpmayrsm;udk a&;om;í t&if;&Sifrsm; vufwGif;odkY xdk;tyfvdkufonf/t&if;&Sifrsm; ay;vmaom aiGpuúLpkwfrsm;jzifh olY udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udkjymcsypfcJh\/

olY udk,fusifhw&m;udk jymcsypfykHrSm t&ufwrsdK;wnf; r[kwfao;bJ b,fa&mnma&m? vufa&majca&m? acgif;a&m qdkovdk enf;rsdK;pkHpGmjzifh udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udk jymcsypf aejcif;jzpf\/ wzef olY toJuGJ?rsuf&nf? t&uf pmayrsm;udk xkwfa0olrsm; xHrS wqifh pmzwfoljynfolrsm;xH ay;ydkYvdkufjcif;jzifh olESifhtwl pmzwf y&dowf jynfolvlxkBuD; w&yfvkH;udk e,fcsJYpHepf? t&if;&Sif pHepfudk onf;cHcdkif;cJh\/awGa0,drf;,dkifatmif jyKvkyfcJh\/ udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh vlYodu©mrsm;udkolYenf;wl ysufjym;atmif jyKvkyfcJhavonf/ aemufqkH;awmhacG;aoaumif Vif;wqGJovdk o½kyfysuf azmufjyefa&;orm; pma&;q&matmifvif; &Sd&m t&ufqdkifrsm;ESifh tarSmifcef;rsm;odkY xkwfa0ol t&if;&Sifrsm;onf aiGxkyfrsm;ydkufí vdkufMu\/

pma&;q&m atmifvif;udk awGY&Sdaom tcg? xkwfa0olrsm;onfrqdkif;rwGyif t&ufbdk;udk4if;? taxGaxG ukefusp&dwfudk4if;? ½IH;aeía<u;wif aeonfrsm;udk4if;? olYxufig tvkt,uf aiGrsm;udk ay;Mu\/onfhaemufawmh wqufwnf; rSmyif pma&;q&m atmifvif; xHwGiftoJuGJ? rsuf&nf? t&ufpmayrsm;udk awmif;xkwfMu\/ &Sif;&Sif;uawmhpma&;q&m atmifvif;udk rsm;rsm; azmufjyefcdkif;jcif; jzpf\/Mumvmawmh pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf 'gawGESifhbJ aysmfarGYvm\/aemufqkH;awmh pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf ½kyf&Sifrif;om; a,mifa,mifjzpfvmonf txd vGwfvmcJh\/



þrQ azmufjyefcJhaom atmufajcvGwfcJhaom pma&;q&matmifvif;onf ,aeY Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;awG ajymaeonf/ wu,fwef;udk,fhudk,fudk,f a0zefa&;ESifh trSm;jrifí trSefjyifvmaomf BudKqdk&rnfom jzpf\/ odkYaomf - olonf a0zefa&;ESifh trSm;jrifí trSefjrifvmu Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum; ajymjcif; r[kwfay/ wcsdef wcgu cH,l vmcJhrdaom vuf0J w&m;ao *dkPf;*P0g'udk aus;Zl;jyKí a<u;jyefqyfonfhtaeESifh ,aeY awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&\ qdk&S,fvpf wnfaqmufa&;?Nidrf;csrf;a&; &,la&; vkyfief;rsm;udk oG,f0dkufaom enf;rsm;jzifh a'gifhwa'gifhrS zsufqD;aejcif; rQom jzpf\/ qdkvdkonfrSm Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;ajym&if;rS olY tiftm;rsm;udk ygvDref 'Drdkua&pD orm;rsm;ESifhwefjyefawmfvSefa&; orm;rsm; bufodkY o,f,laejcif; jzpf\/

odkYaomf jynfol trsm;pkBuD;u pma&;q&m atmifvif;udk odxm;NyD;rdkY olY Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;udk em;cg; aeMuonf/ aA'g Zmwfum;xJrSvkH;0 ratmifjrifaom toifZmwfvdkuf rif;om; atmifvif;? toJuGJ?rsuf&nf? t&uf pmayrsm;udk a&;om;í pmzwfy&dowf jynfoludkopömazmufcJhaom opömazmuf pma&;q&m atmifvif;? tEky#davmrtzGifhusrf;udk a&;om; xkwfa0cJhNyD; vufawGY vlwef;pm; wdkufyGJrsm;wGifarSmif&dyfcdk ae&pfcJhaom tacsmiform; vlwef;pm; tbd"r®m opmazmufpma&;q&m atmifvif; qdkonfudk jynfolu od&SdNyD; jzpfojzifhe,fcsJYaemufvdkuf trsdK;om; opömazmuf? ygvDref 'Drdkua&pDorm;awG\ qdk&S,fvpfa&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&; acsrIef;a&;twGufNidrf;csrf;a&; pum;udk [efjy½Gwfqdk jyvmaom pma&;q&m atmifvif;\[efjy Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;udk jynfol trsm;pkBuD;u ½GH½SmpufqkwfaeMu\/

wu,fawmh pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;wdkYESpfOD;onf awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&\ Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufa&;?qdk&S,fvpf xlaxmifa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk wOD;u nmvufESifh xdk;ESuf



zsufqD;aeNyD;? usefwOD;u b,fvufoD;ESifh ajczsufaejcif; jzpf\/vkyfenf; vkyf[ef uGJvGJaeaomfvnf; wdkif;jynfysufa&;? awmfvSefa&;tpdk;& jzKwfcsa&; &nf½G,fcsufrSmrl xyfwlxyfrQyif jzpf\/

(pmayavmurS pmay opömazmuf? trsdK;om; opömazmufrsm;udkarmif;xkwfMu/)

armifarmifeDarmifarmifeDarmifarmifeDarmifarmifeD

cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; -cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; -cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; -cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; -

Adkvfwaxmifonf þtwdkif; ydkí twifh&Jvm\/ ydkí yufyufpufpuf vkyfBuHvm\/ a&S;uvnf; þodkY wzufom;rsm; epfematmifolwyg;tm; vkyfBuHcsufawGudk awGY&jrif& pdwfrcsrf;ajrY jzpf&\/rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; cH&BuHK& pdwfrcsrf;ajrY jzpf&\/

þtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh rvTJra&SmifomawmhbJ? &efvdkaeaomAdkvfwaxmiftm; þtdwfzGifhay;pmudk yPmr taejzifh oufoufn§mn§mwkHYjyef a&;om;&jcif; jzpfaMumif; cspfaom pmzwfolwdkYtm; -

av;pm;pGm yefMum;vsuf ../

&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG&efukefbaqG



tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1)tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1)tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1)tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1)

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

cifAsm;&JU ,aeY 19.9.63 aeYxkwf owif;pmu usaemfhudkaqmfjyefNyDav ../

uavmifemrnfawG b,fvdkyJ trsdK;rsdK; wyfxm;ayr,fhavoHuawmh cifAsm; avoHygyJ/

awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& wufcgpu 'DavoHeJY xyfwl cifAsm;&JUyGifhyGifhvif;vif; tcef;u usaemfhudk wcg aqmfbl;w,f r[kwfvm; ../

]]awmfvSefwJh tpdk;&udk awmfvSefwJhaeYu rvTJra&Smifom jyKvkyfvdkuf&wJh jypfrI cwfrItwGuf &efuif; &JXmeu wkdifcsufudk vufcHw,fqdkwm rvkyf&bl;? rvkyftyfbl;/ t&if tpdk;& t&Sdeft0g tmPmpufudkvufcHw,f av;pm;w,f qdkwJh oabmbJ ..}}

]]NyD;awmh t&if tpdk;&&JU tkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'awGudk tukefzsufodrf;w,fvdkY ausnm&r,f/ t&if tpdk;&u jyKvkyfxm;wJh ½kH;awG?w&m;pD&ifcsufawG? wckrS vufrcHbl; tm;vkH; zsufodrf;w,f/vwfwavmtm;jzifh tck vuf&SdwufvmwJh tpdk;&&JU wm0ef xrf;aqmifaeMuwJh vufeufudkifawG&JU vufxJrSm? tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmudk ,m,Day;xm;w,fvdkY ausnm/}}

]]yD;awmhrS t&if tkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'awG xJu qdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfeJY udkufnDwJh Oya'udk wdkifyif aqG;aEG;NyD;/ wckNyD; wck twnfjyK/}}



]]'dkY qdk&S,fvpf tpdk;& qdk&S,fvpf tkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'eJY tkyfcsKyfr,f/ t&if Oya'awG? pD&ifcsufawG? pD&ifxkH;awG? vkyf½dk;vkyfpOfawGtm;vkH; pGefYypfw,fvdkY &J&J0efY0efY ausnmyD; vkyfyg/}}

]]tJ'D rvkyf,if? rwdus,if ]tyfeJYxGif;&rnfh udpöudk aygufqdefeJYaygufNyD; xGif;ae&yg vdrfhr,f ..} qdkwJh t"dyÜm,fbJ/}}

'Dpmudk aMu;rkH owif;pmu &SnfwmeJY jzwfvdkufawmh usaemfvdkcsifwJh t"dyÜm,f rikHrdawmhbl; ayghAsm ../

tJ'D tcsdefrSm OD;odef;azjrifhu NAHK;ueJ udk,fydkifxm;wJh owif;pmu aeNyD; ../

]]&efukefbaqGonf ppfwyfrawmf tay:ü tu,fíMoZmtmPm vTrf;rdk;Edkifol wa,muf jzpfcJhvQif wdkif;jynf\ uHMur®mudkrawG;&Jatmifyif &Sdawmh\/}} vdkY cifAsm; a&;cJhbl;w,f/

tckvJ armifarmifeD trnfeJY a&;wJh cifAsm;&JU owif;pmxJu ]]pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG eJY atmifvif;}} qdkwJh aqmif;yg;xJrSm ..

]]txl;ojzifh &efukefbaqGonf *syefawmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0grsm;ESifh cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyKí tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcHyk*¾dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf/ 4if;onfvufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwnf; &Sdaeonfjzpfí 4if;\ t,ltqrsm;onfwm0ef &Sdolrsm; tay: vTrf;rdk;oufa&muf oGm;onf qdkygu wdkif;jynf\uHMur®mudk rawG;&J atmifyif &Sdawmh\/}} wJh/

cifAsm;[dkwkH;u a&;cJhwJh aveJY wxyfxJayghAsm - tJ'DawmhcifAsm; udk,fwdkifra&;awmif cifAsm; tmabmfawG trsm;BuD;yg ygw,f/



r[kwfygbl;vdkY cifAsm;u jiif;vJ cifAsm;[m cifAsm;&JU owif;pmrSmwm0efcHpmwnf; wa,mufqdkawmh oabmwlnDwmaygh/

tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dpmydk'f wckxJrSm OD;odef;azjrifh wu,frodao;wJhtaMumif;awG usaemf pum;vkH; wvkH;pD &Sif;jyr,f cifAs/

]]awmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0grsm;ESifh cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyKí tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*¾dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmifBudK;yrf;aeonf/}} wJh/

OD;odef;azjrifh[m 'Dae&m usaemfhudk 'DvlvJ igvkyfovdk vkyfaerSmbJ qdkwJh tawG;rsdK;eJY csvdkufw,fvdkY xifwmbJ/

'Dvdkxif&if rSm;rSmaygh cifAsm/ vlwdkif;[m wa,mufeJY wa,mufwlMuwmrS r[kwfbJ/

usaemfom tJ'Dvdk &orQ tcGifhta&;awGudk tukefvkH;,lNyD;bmudk rqdk vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrI? vTrf;rdk;vdkrI pdwfrsdK; &SdcJhr,f qdk&if -

ppfwyfxJrSm ae,ifvJ bDtdkifat vufxuf uwnf;uvuf½kH;wyfawG? ajymufusm;wyfawG udkifNyD; NrdKUawG odrf;vmcJhwJhvlqdkawmh ck-qdk,if AdkvfrSL;csKyf ae&mavmuf a&mufaeavmufNyDaygh/

aemufwzufu MunfhtkH;av/ qdk½S,fvpf ygwDudk p wnfaxmifwJh vl av;? ig;? q,fa,muf txJrSm usaemf wa,mufvJ tygt0ifaygh cifAsm/

uufpfbD vufxufu zqyv xJrSm uGefjrLepfawG qdkif;bkwfwifvdkufMuawmh? qdk½S,fvpf jzpfMu&r,fh vlawG[m? usaemfpkxm;wJhtiftm;ay:rSm rlwnfNyD;? e,ftawmfrsm;rsm;u cifAsm;wdkYxuf tiftm;awmifhwif;wJh qdk½S,fvpfawG NAHK;ueJ ay:vmcJh Muwmaygh/



vltiftm;om awmifhw,f rxifeJY/ vufeuf tiftm;vJawmifhw,f cifAsmh/

'gudk taMumif;jyKyD;awmh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u bk&ifcHqma':refprpfeJY pum;ajymwJh tcgrSm ]]qmay:OD;udk jynfxJa&;ay;vdkYb,fjzpfrvJ/ b,fae&mrSm vufeufawG b,favmuf &Sdw,fqdkwm olrSrodbJeJY/ tJ'gawGudk usLyfrS odwm}} vdkY ajymawmhwmaygh/

tJ'Dwkef;u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JU ab;rSm vQdKU0Suf vufeufudkifudk,f&HawmfawG xJrSm owådtaumif;qkH;? vuftwnfhqkH; &JjrifhvdkY ac:wJharmif&D qdkwmu usaemf ay;xm;wJhvl/ qdk½S,fvpf ygwDxJrSm usaemfhudktmPmydkif tzGJYxJ twif;oGif;Muawmh? jiif;r&wmeJY cP vufcHNyD;twif;&atmif xGufcJh&wmaygh cifAsm/ a&SUrSm bmawG jzpfvmEdkifw,fqdkwJh vrf;aMumif;BuD;udk tjzL;om; jrifae&wmbJ/ usaemfomqufvkyf&if usaemfh oli,fcsif; ocifomcifBuD;eJY twl wwef;xJ0efBuD; jzpfMuwmaygh ../

tJ'Dvdk jzLjzL;ajzmifhajzmifh jrifae&yg&ufeJY i,f½G,fpOf tcsdef&SdwkH;rSmawmif tiwftjywfcHNyD; udk,fvkyfcsifwm vkyfvmcJhao;wm? tckBuD;awmifhBuD;rm; tcsdefa&mufrS ..

]]wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*¾dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmifBudK;yrf;aeonf ..

BudK;yrf;ae&tkH;r,f qdkawmh}} csifhcsdefMunfhaygh cifAs/

tJ wckawmh &Sdav&JU/ wu,f tvkyf vkyfcJhMuvdkY tJ'D txufuazmfjycJhwJh taMumif;awGudk odxm;wJh vlawGu ]]ppfbuf? ajray:ajratmuf EdkifiHa&;buf}} tm;vkH;u usaemfhudk cspfMuw,f? cifMuw,fcifAs/ cGifhvTwfMuw,f cifAs/



OD;odef;azjrifhudk OD;odef;azjrifh taMumif; od&SdorQ tm;vkH;u0dkif;rkef;Muovdk ..

usaemfhudkvJ usaemfh taMumif; od&SdorQ vltm;vkH;u 0dkif;cspfMuw,f/ usaemfu pnf;½kH;p&m odrf;oGif;p&m vTrf;rdk;p&m rvdkbl;/

reufjzef qufao;wmayghAsm ../





tJ'D 19.9.63 aeYxkwf cifAsm; owif;pmxJrSm ygwJh ..

]]&efukefbaqGeJY atmifvif;}} qdkwJh aqmif;yg;xJrSm -

]]4if;onf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf jzpfcJhNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wefjyefawmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;eJY wxyfwnf; &Sdaeonf jzpfí}} qdkwJh pmydk'fwydk'fygw,f cifAs ..

tJ'D txJrSm .. vufsmqdk&S,fvpf qdkwm&,f? wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm; qdkwm&,f tcsuf 2 csuf &Sdw,f/

'Dtcsuf 2 ck teuf cifAsm;&JU Adkvfwaxmif owif;pm[m ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} BuD;jzpfaevdkY wjcm;vlawG&JU vkyf½dk;vkyfpOf twdkif;qdk,ifawmh ]]usaemf[m wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm; r[kwfygbl;}} qdkwmOD;pm;ay;NyD; &Sif;&rSmaygh ../

bmjyKvdkYvJ qdkawmh EdkifiHa&; taiGYtouf ruif;olwdkif;ucifAsm;&JU ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} udka&m ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} BuD;udk ydkifwJh cifAsm;udka&m tckae tcgrSm tifrwef aMumufae&w,f rIwfvm;/

]qGJcsowif;pm}} ykdif&SifBuD; jzpfwJh cifAsm;qDudk vma&muf0yfwGm;NyD; cc,, jyKMu&? awmif;yef wdk;vQdK;Mu&w,f rIwfvm;/

'gudk EdkifiHa&;orm;? ausmif;om;? owif;pmq&m tm;vkH; vdkvdku odaeMuwmbJ/



wcsdKU EdkifiHa&; &yfuGufawGrSm qdk&if? awmwGif;u vmMuwJhawGYqkH aqG;aEG;a&; orm;awGawmif ]]qGJcsowif;pm}}ydkif&SifBuD;OD;odef;azjrifhudk uyfrd,if tckxufxd ydkNyD; tqifajy Edkifawmh rvdkvdkowif;xGuf vmao;w,f rIwfvm; ../

usaemfuawmh 'D owif;rsdK;udk ,kHvJ r,kHbl;/ jzpfEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkYvJ rxifbl;/

usaemfh taeeJY OD;odef;azjrifhudk jrifaewmuawmh ..

OD;odef;azjrifh[m? rkHa0ay;bdkY vkyfaewJh vlBuD;wa,muf tem;u vmvmorQ wjcm; uav;awGudk rsufESmBuD; okHokHrIHrIHeJY a'gowBuD;?wa,mufwnf; 'dkifcH? &efvkyfaewJh uav;i,f wa,mufvdk jzpfaew,fvdkY jrifw,f cifAs/

tJ'D uav;[m vlBuD; vufxJrSm &SdwJh rkefYawG jrifvdkufw,fqdk,ifbJ ..

ig &awmhrSmbJ? ig &awmhrSmbJ? ig wa,mufxJ armifydkifpD;&r,f qdkNyD; wjcm;uav;awG vmorQudk twif;&efvkyf? a'gowBuD;eJYatmf[pfypf ../

,kwfpGtqkH; rkHYawG bmawG rpm;wwfwJh acG;ydefuav;uolY[mol jzwfoGm;wmawmif vSrf;NyD; &efaxmifypfvdkufwJh uav;i,fvdkbJ/

OD;odef;azjrifhudk usaemfh rsufpdxJrSm tJ'Dtwdkif; jrifae&w,f/

bmjyKvdkYvJ qdkawmh rkHYa0ay;r,fh vlBuD;eJY wlwJh awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&[m OD;odef;azjrifhudk EdkifiHa&; 0g'a&;t& b,fvdkrS t&mroGif;bl;/pdwful;xJawmif r&nfrSef;bl;/ olY[mol rqv vrf;pOfqdkwJh rkHYawGudkudkifNyD; xGufvmw,f/



tJ'gudk OD;odef;azjrifh[m rqv vrf;pOfBuD;udk Munfh MunfhNyD;?'gawG ig&awmh rSmbJ? 'gawG igh[mawG? 'gawGudk ig armifydkif pD;vdkufawmhr,f qdkwJh pdwfeJY ../

rkHYay;r,fh vlBuD; teD;udk jzwfvmorQ vlawG tm;vkH;udkqD;qD;NyD; a'gowBuD; &efaxmifw,f ../

aemufqkH; ab;u jzwfoGm;rdwJh acG;ydefuav;eJY wlwJh usaemfhudkawmif qD;NyD; &efaxmif,kH ½dk;½dk; r[kwfbJ ]cJ} eJY aygufw,f ../

OD;odef;azjrifh&JU qGJcs owif;pmxJrSm rnfodkYyifjzpfap ]]pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGonf? pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh,cktcg wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;í vIyf&Sm;aeonf[kaumufcsuf cs&rnfom jzpf\/}} vdkY a&;xm;w,f r[kwfvm; ../

tJ'g[m - usaemfhvdk acG;ydefuav;udk cJeJY aygufvdkufwmayghcifAs/

'gavmufawmif aocsmae&if bmvdkY tyifyef; cHyD; owif;pmxJu a&;ae&wmvJ/ wcgwnf; udk,fwdkif zrf;yD; awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&vufxJ tyfay;vdkufygvm;/

tJ .. wckawmh &Sdw,f awmfvSefa&; tpkd;&[m OD;odef;azjrifhrsufESmvkyfwdkif; rsufESmomay;r,fh tpdk;&? trSwfay;r,fh tpdk;&rsdK;awmhr[kwfzl;As/ rdrd oabmtwdkif; rdrdudk,fydkif csifhcsdefNyD;rS vkyfaqmifr,fhtpdk;&/

'gaMumifhvJ ]cJ} ypfcH&vdkY vefYa[mifvdkufwJh acG;ydefuav;eJYwlwJh usaemf[m qGJcsowif;pmBuD;u ]]wefjyefawmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;vIyf&Sm; aew,f/}} qdkwJh pGyfqGJcsufudk



aemufcsefNyD; ]]&efukefbaqGonf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhonf/}}qdkwJh pum;udkyJ a&S;OD;pGm &Sif;yg&apawmh/

usaemf[m qdk&S,fvpf ygwDudk pNyD; wnfaxmifMuwJhol av;?ig;? q,fa,muf xJrSm wa,muf tygt0if qdkwmvJ rSefygw,f/

tJ'Daemufydkif; atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyftyD; tjyifrSmxGufyD; a&SmifaewJh usaemf[m qdk&S,fvpf uGef>ref; vkyfwJh tcsdefwkH;u ..

oifwef; q&mtjzpf tcdkuftwefY 0ifa&muf ulnDcJhbl;wmvJrSefygw,f/

'gayr,fh usaemfhudk usaemf? omref olvdkigvdk rsdK;cspf Armwa,mufom jzpfw,fvdkY owfrSwfxm; ygw,f/

qdk&S,fvpfvJ r[kwfbl;? uGefjrLepfvJ r[kwfbl;/

'gayr,fh wckawmh &Sd&JU/ usaemfh[m usaemf avhvmcJhwJhpmaytod? usaemfhrSm awG;ac:csifhcsdef Edkifoavmuf OmPfeJY b,fbmomudkrS rudk;uG,fbl;/

yD;awmh wdk;wufwJh jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifhvdkuav;awG udkvJ &SifrjyKbl;/ bPfrSm pkaqmif;xm;wJh aiGr&Sdbl;/ orD;ZeD; awGudkvJ a½TaiG pdefausmuf &wem r0wfap&bl;/

ukefukefajym&,if? wdk;wufwJh jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD;OD;odef;azjrifh &JU tdrfrSmvdk wynfh aqGrsdK; wlrvdkY trnfwyfxm;wJhtdrfazmf tdrfap xrif;[if; csufay;&wJhvl? t0wf avQmfzGwfay;&wJh vlrxm;bl; ../



tJ'Dawmh jynfolY qdk&S,fvpf jzpfEdkifwJh t&nftcsif;rsdK;usaemfhrSm &Sd[ef rwlygbl;/ usaemfuvJ 'Dvdk jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfrsdK;awmh rjzpfcsifbl;/

reufjzefrS qufao;wmayghAsm ../





wu,fawmh usaemf[m tdyfaewJh acG;waumifygbJ/ tJ'DtdyfaewJh acG;waumifudk OD;odef;azjrifhu pm;rmefckwfNyD; vmvm&efpawmh usaemfu a&;&awmhrSmaygh cifAsm/

vGefcJhwJh aeYuqdk&if usaemf[m OD;odef;azjrifhwdkYvdk jynfolYvuf0Jqdk&S,fvpfBuD; jzpfEdkifwJh t&nftcsif; r&Sd,kHom r[kwfygbl;/usaemfhudk,f usaemf omref olvdkigvdk rsdK;cspf wdkif;oljynfom; wOD;rQomrSwf,lygw,f qdkwJh taMumif;udk ajymcJhygw,f/ ocifpdk;BuD;uifyGef;wyfay;wJh emrnftwdkif; ajym&r,f qdk&if ]]cspfp&maumif;wJhrsufuef; rsdK;cspfuav;}} aygh cifAs/

usaemf[m ocifpdk;BuD;udk aoewf b,fvdk ypf&w,fqdkwm*syefacwfu pmeJY oifay;cJh bl;w,f cifAs ../

NyD;awmh aoewfudk b,fvdk udkif&w,f? b,fvdk ypf&w,fqdkwm usnfqH rygbJ vufa&mufudkifjyNyD; oifay;cJh bl;w,f cifAs ../

'gwGifruao;bl;? 0ufbav trsdK;tpm; okH;q,fh&Spf ,rf;tm;&SdwJh ajcmufcsufxGuf aoewfwvuf? tJ'D aoewfrSm tokH;jyKbdkYusnfqHu ajcmufq,f ay;cJhbl;w,f cifAs/

NyD;awmh ocifpdk;BuD;aewJh a';'&JNrdKUeJY zsmykHtMum;&Sd *Gav;½Gm&JUywfywfvnfrSm usqkH;uG,fvGefoGm;wJh udkndK0if; (ac:) udkarmifarmif&JUtudk udkaZmfazwdkYeJY wdkifyifNyD; ta&;ay:vm&if ocifpdk;BuD;udk umuG,f



ay;&atmif usaemf&JU ajymufusm;wyfawGudk wdwfwqdwf 0dkif;&Htapmifhcs ay;cJhw,f cifAs/

tJ'D udpöudk ocifpdk;BuD;awmif rod&Smbl;/ udkndK0if; trnfcHudkarmifarmif? udkaZmfazeJY usaemf? NyD;awmifh apmifhMuyfaeMu&wJhvufeufudkif ajymufusm;wyf? tJ'gawGbJ odw,f/

ocifpdk;BuD;[m usaemfhudk b,favmuf cspfcifovJ qdk&ifAdkvfrSL;vufsmqDu awmfrD aoewfwvufeJY wjcm;vufeufawG&vmawmh tJ'Dvdk vufeuf tNrJwrf; vdktyfaewJh tcsdeftcgrsdK;rSm -usaemf ay;xm;wJh 0ufbav trsdK; ajcmufcsufxGuf aoewfuav;udkjyefay;&Smw,f cifAs/

ocifpdk;BuD;[m wcsdKUae&mawGrSm usaemfeJY t,ltqjcif;rwlvdkY? tusdK;taMumif; tquftpyf rygwJh awG;ac:csufawGrSmusaemfu rvdkufemEdkifbl;/ r,kHbl;/ cdkifvkHwJh taMumif;jyrS? vdkufemr,fqdkvdkY ..

]]b,f bk&m;rS cRwfvdkY&r,fh taumif r[kwfzl;vdkY}} qdkcJhayr,fhusaemfhudk cspfNrJ cspf&Smw,f cifAs/

cspfp&maumif;wJh rsdK;cspf rsufuef;uav; wa,mufvdkYbJajymcJhw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dvdk cspfp&maumif;wJh rsdK;cspf rsufuef;uav;vdkY ajymcJhwJhocifpdk;BuD;[m OD;odef;azjrifh qDu nTefMum;csufawGvJ a&mufvma&mta&;awmfykH twGif;rSmbJ usaemfhudk tawmf rkef;vmcJhw,f/

rkef;wJh taMumif;&if;u olYcifjrm OD;odef;azjrifh&JU aoG;xdk;csuftwdkif; NAdwdoQ r[mrdwfudkyg qufwdkufzdkY txd usaemfwdkYvdk rqkH;jzwfEdkifawmhbl;/ ,cif qkH;jzwfyD; tcsufawGudk jyifqifcsifw,f/



awmfvSefa&; wyfOD; pmwrf;udk opömazmufcsif vmw,f/ awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pk t&yf&yfudk yOörHwyfzGJYavmufom vIyf&Sm;apcsifw,f/ 'DawmhusaemfwdkYudk MunfhvdkY r&awmhbl;aygh/

Oyrm NAdwdoQ tpdk;&qDu ppfvufeuf tultnDawmif;wJhudpörSm qdk&if rdef;rudkif tygt0if ajcmufvkH;jyL; okH;av;vuf? armif;jyefaoewf okH;vuf? ½kdifz,f q,fhig;vufavmufeJY EIwfcrf;qdk;aq;?umvom; a&m*gtwGuf pm;aq;? rdef;r0wf o&ufxnf tusÐpESifhxrDp? rdef;r0wf vufywfem&D tygt0if vufywfem&D 4 vkH;? tJ'gawGudk rSmcJhw,f cifAs/

wu,fawmh ocifpdk;BuD;[m tdE´d,u em;BuD; rsufpdBuD;jzpfaewJh OD;odef;azjrifh&JU tBuHOmPf ay;csufawGudk cH,lNyD; ArmjynfuwOD;wnf;aom yOörH wyfzGJYav; tjzpf cH,lvdkufwmaygh cifAsm/

tJ'Daemuf a';'&JNrdKUe,f uGefyvdkif; ½Gmuav;u udkarmifBuD;&JUtdrftay:xyfrSm AdkvfcsKyfae0if; eJY ocifpdk;BuD;wdkY awGYMuawmhAdkvfcsKyfae0if;u ..

'g Arm wjynfvkH;udk acgif;aqmifNyD; olykefxr,fh olykefacgif;aqmifBuD; wa,muf&JU vdktyfwJh vufeuf pm&if;vm;As/ cifAsm;[m yOörHwyfzGJY&JU vufeuf pm&if;avmufawmif r&Sdbl;/ t*FvdyfawGuawmh usKyfwdkYudk txifao;ukefawmhrSmbJ bmnmeJYyufyufpufpuf qlw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dwkef;u usaemfeJY tck AdkvfrSL;csKyf wifaz wdkY[m ocifpdk;BuD;&SufrSm pdk;wJhtwGuf wrif a&Smifvm cJhMuw,f/ 'g[m wu,fawmhOD;odef;azjrifh&JU vSnfhywfcsufudk ,kHrdrSm;wJh twGuf ocifpdk;BuD; cjrmrSmodu©musyD; t&SufwuGJ jzpfvdkuf&wmaygh cifAsm/



'gudk ocifpdk;BuD;u usaemfhaMumifh AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u 'DvkdBudrf;wmbJ qdkNyD; usaemfhudk rkef;cJhw,f/

tJ'D txJ aemufwqifh jzpfykHu r[mrdwf avxD;wyfom;awGudk jrpf0uRef;ay:rSm tqif;cdkif;bdkY ocifpdk;BuD;u vufcHvdkufawmhusaemfwdkYu tqif;rcHEdkifbl;/ qif;&if ypfr,f? wdkufr,f/ teJqkH;jrpf0uRef;ay: avmufudkawmh usaemfwdkY udk,fwkif wkduf,lxm;wmjzpfatmif wdwdusus vkyf&vdrfhr,fvdkY qdkawmh ocifpdk;BuD;[mOD;odef;azjrifheJY NAdwdoQ tpdk;&buf rSmvJ rsufESm ysufcJh&&Smw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dawmh ta&;awmfykHBuD;vJ NyD;a&m usaemfh rsufESmudkvJrMunfhEdkif awmhbl;/

'gaMumifhvJ *syefacwf wavQmufvkH;rSm twlwuGwdkufzufvJjzpf q&morm;vJ jzpfcJhbl;wJh ocifpdk;BuD;[m t*Fvdyf0ifvmwmeJY wNydKifeuf usaemfwdkYeJY jrpf0uRef;ay:u wyfrawmfudkNAdwdoQ OD;odef;azjrifh&JU tvdkus yufyufpufpuf opömazmufNyD; ..

r[mrdwf t*Fvdyfrsm;udk *syefzufqpf tvdkus qufvufwdkufcdkuf&ef vufeuftiftm; vltiftm; pkaeygw,fvdkY NAdwdoQwdkY&JUppftkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJYudk owif; ay;vdkufwmygbJ cifAsm/

ocifpdk;BuD;[m .. cspfp&maumif;wJh rsdK;cspf rsufuef;uav;eJYtaygif;ygawGudk rcspfEdkif awmhbl;aygh/

'g[m .. csif;za0; ZmwfxJu? raMu;rkHvdk OD;odef;azjrifh qdkwJh[kef;ewfBuD; yl;uyfaewJh twGuf tJ'Dvdk yufyufpufpuf jyKvkyf&ufvm&w,fvdkY? usaemfwdkY uawmh ,lqw,f cifAs/ csif;uav; za0;eJY?raMu;rkHwdkY uGJoGm;Mu& awmhwmaygh/



tJ'Dwkef;u OD;odef;azjrifh[m qdkAD,uf ½k&Sm;u? urÇmYawmfvSefa&; tiftm;pk w&yfvkH;udk NAdwdoQ r[mrdwf wyfrsm;uomOD;aqmifrI jyKaewJh twGuf NAdwdoQ r[mrdwfwdkYeJY aygif;NyD; urÇmYzufqpfawGudk usLyifckwf usLikwf rusef&atmif okwfoifypf&r,fvdkYnTefMum;csuf &Sdw,fqdkyD; ba&muf'g 0g'udk ocifpdk;BuD;qDxdk;ay;cJhw,f r[kwfvm;/

ocifpdk;BuD; cifjrm[m OD;odef;azjrifh&JU? t*Fvdyf tay:rSmrsufESm&atmif vSnfhpm;rIBuD;udk ,kHMunfNyD;? aoazmfaozuf? &Jabmf&Jzuf tiftm;pk 2 pk udk wcgxJ NAdwdoQ ppftpdk;&&JU vufxJudk 0uGuftyfvdkuf& &SmwmbJ/

tJ'D tjzpfawGudk ocifpdk;BuD; udk,fwdkifa&m? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;a&m? tck tjyifrSm EdkifiHa&;awG pdwfemNyD; ukefonfvkyfaewJhAdkvfcsKyfvufsma&m? ocifoef;xGef;wdkYa&m? tck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;a&m?usaemfwdkYa&m? OD;odef;azjrifh udk,fwdkifa&m tm;vkH;odMuw,f/ 'D&mZ0if[m b,fawmhrS zkH;uG,f arhaysmufvdkY r&Edkifbl;/

tJ'Dwkef;u usaemfwdkY wawGeJY jrpf0uRef;ay: wyfawG[mvufeuf &du©m pkaqmif;yD;? 0ifvmwJh NAdwdoQ tpdk;&udk awmfvSefa&;wyfOD;yg pmwrf;twdkif; qufyD;wdkufzdkY tiftm; awmifhawmifhwif;wif; eJYtoifh &SdaeMuw,f cifAs ../

'gayr,fh? OD;odef;azjrifhudk ,kHNyD; ykHvdkufrdwJh ocifpdk;BuD;cjrm[m? OD;odef;azjrifhu NAdwdoQ tpdk;&udk yOörH wyfom; acgif;aqmifBuD; tjzpfeJY rsufESmvkyfcsif avorQ ..

ocifpdk;BuD; cjrm[mvJ oabmw&m;awG &Sm&SmNyD; r[mrdwfeJYNidrf;csrf;pGm twlae&r,fwdkY bmwdkY vkyf&&Smawmh wmbJ/ tJ'Dawmh



uGefjrLepfawGu rwdkufzl;/ usaemfwdkYu awmfvSefa&; wyfOD;twdkif;wdkufr,f/ tJ'Dvdk tjiif;yGm; vmMuw,f/

'D tcsdefrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u nDnGwfzdkY twif;ajymw,f/

uGefjrLepfuvJ awmfvSefa&; wyfOD;rSm b,fvdkbJ oabmwlcsuf,lcJhayr,fh oabmw&m; t& rSm;aevdkY rwdkufEdkifbl;vdkY ajymw,f/

usaemfwdkYuvJ awmfvSefa&; wyfOD;udk opöm razmufEdkifbl;?wkdufr,f qdkNyD; vufeufawGa&m vlawGa&m pkMu 0SufMuw,f/

'D tcsdefrSm ocifpdk;BuD; xkwfjyefvdkufwJh ]uGefjrLepf ausnmpmwrf; trSwf 4} udk &&Sdxm;MuwJh NAdwdoQ ppftpdk;&&JU tufzf?tufpf?tufpf tzGJYuvJ jrpf0uRef;ay:udk vufeufvdkufodrf; yghr,fqdkyD;/ppfoabFm okH;pif;eJY wuJuJ vkyfaeMuw,f/

'Dawmh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u 'dkYwawG rnDnGwfaMumif;udkt*Fvdyfu odukefawmhrSmbJ? ighudkom ypfowfvdkufMu ygawmh vdkYajymw,f/

AdkvfrSL;vufsmu ppfqufrwdkufbJ vufeufcs tyfvdkufMubdkYAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vufrSwfxdk;xm;wJh pmudk ,lvmw,f/ vufrcHMuvdkYjyefoGm;awmh tJ'Dpmudk AdkvfatmifBuD;? tck AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;atmifBuD;u xyf,lvmw,f/ Adkvfae0if; uvJ nDnGwfrI jyEdkifatmifta,mifaqmif jzpfjzpf vufeuf ay;vdkufMuygvdkY rSmaMumif;usaemfwdkYudk ajzmifhzsw,f/

tJ'DawmhrS usaemfwdkYeJY wuG jrpf0uRef;ay:rSm &SdwJhwyfrawmf[m vufeuf todrf;cHvdkuf MuNyD; uGefjrLepfawG tvdkusNAdwdoQ tpdk;& qDrSm tdEd́,a&muf Armjynfh tusdK;aqmif OD;odef;azjrifhrsufESm&atmif vufeufawG ay;tyfcJhMu &oAs/



tJ'Dwkef;u &JabmfawG[m rsuf&nfw½TJ½TJ tHwBudwfBudwf eJYaygh/

t*FvdyfawGu armfvNrdKifuRef;bufrSm t½dk;tdk;awGudk ajcaxmufeJY uefcsvdkufwkef;u qdk&if tck 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD; oef;nTefY[m 0kH;ueJ xvdkufwJh twGuf &JabmfawGu twif; zufxm;&wmaygh cifAsm/

jynfolY vuf0J qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh&JU BudK;yrf;csufawGaMumifh usaemfwdkY tJ'Dvdk cHcJhMu &wmaygh/

eufjzef qufMuOD;pdkY ..




jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

usaemf raeYu a&;cJhwmawG[m tcdkiftrm jzpfaMumif;udkAdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; udk,fwdkifeJY wuG awmwGif; uGefjrLepfawG tukefvkH;uvJ odygw,f? wyfrawmf xJrSm&SdwJh vla[mif;awGuvJ odygw,f/

wu,fawmh jynfolY vuf0J qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh[mNAdwdoQ tpdk;&qDrSm yOörH acgif;aqmif vkyfNyD; wdkif;jynftwGuf½Gwf½GwfcRefcRef aqmif½Guf vdkaeMuwJh rsdK;cspf vli,fuav;awGudk yOörHwyfom;tjzpf oGwfoGif; vmcJhwmbJ rIwfvm;/ wu,fawmhwdkif;jynftwGuf pGefYpm;vdkMuwJh rsdK;cspf vli,fuav;awG tm;vkH;[myOörH rkqdk; OD;odef;azjrifh&JU om;aumifawG b0udk emusnf;bG,f&mjzpfukef a&mufukef Mu&wmaygh cifAs/

'D taMumif;awGuudk OD;odef;azjrifh wnf;cdkvmcJhwJh tdrf&SiftdE´d, u OD;&Sdef[m tm;vkH;odNyD; jzpfygw,f/ tdE´d,rSm &SdwJh NAdwdoQppftpdk;& qdk,if omodwmaygh cifAsm/ tJ'D vkyfief;taMumif;udkxkwfazmf a&;xm;wJh pmtkyf wtkyfawmif xGufaeovdkvdk usaemfowif;Mum;& ygw,f/

'gawGudk zkH;zdbdkY twGuf r[mrdwfeJY Armhwref qdkwJh pmtkyfudkOD;odef;azjrifh b,fvdkbJ a&;ayr,fh "mwfodawGuawmh r,kHbl; cifAs/

bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh? OD;odef;azjrifh[m t*Fvdyf vufxufwuúodkvf ausmif;awmfBuD; oydwfarSmufpOfu ausmif;u xGufoGm;NyD;jzpfaeygvsufeJY ]]oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;}} qdkwJh pmtkyfxGufvmawmh



OD;odef;azjrifh[m oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;xJrSm wu,fh ta&;yg t&ma&mufwJh ZmwfvdkufBuD; jzpfaeaMumif;udk rsufESm ajymifajymifeJYa&;cJhbl;wJh oufao om"uawG &SdcJhbl;w,f rIwfvm;/

'D pmtkyf xGufvmawmh wu,fh oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;awGtbdkY [m;uGufBuD; wckvdk jzpfcJhMu&w,f qdkwm oydwfarSmufausmif;om;wdkif; todaygh cifAsm/

yD;awmhvJ OD;odef;azjrifh[m NAdwdoQ tpdk;& qDrSm rsufESmvdkrsufESm& jzpfatmif yOörH wyfzGJY&JU acgif;aqmif vkyfay;cJhw,f qdkwmvkHavmufwJh EIdif;,SOfcsufawG &SdcJhbl; ygw,f/

tJ'guawmh OD;odef;azjrifh? ocifodef;az qdkNyD;ocifajrmufatmif odrf0if vmcJhNyD;wJh aemufrS NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JUopömawmfcH ynmawmfoif avQmufwJh udpöaygh cifAsm ..

tJ'Dwkef;u tck toufeJY xif&Sm; &SdaewJh a'gufwmbarmf[meef;&if;0efBuD;aygh? avQmufykH avQmufenf;uvJ b,fhavmuf aumif;ovJqdk&if ..

]]cifAsm;wdkY tpdk;& tzGJYudk usKyf rqJbl; axmufcHr,f/ cifAsm;usKyfudk NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU opömawmfcH ynmawmfoif tjzpfeJY a½G;NyD;EdkifiHjcm; vTwfay;}} wJh ..

EdkifiHa&;eJY tcGifhta&;udk? rkHYvJpm;ovdk tvG,fwul oGm;a&mufvJ,l aeMuwmaygh/

tJ'Dwkef;u rGefrGef&nf&nf ajymwwf qdkwwfwJh usaemfwdkYudkBuD;Ekyg? tazmfygao;w,f r[kwfvm; cifAs/ 'gaMumifhvJ a'gufwmOD;barmfeJY ajymMuqdkMu wkef;u tqifajy cJhMuwmaygh/



tJ'Daemuf ]]'Daumifav; tqifajyatmif MunfhvkyfvdkufyguGm?ol NAdwdoQ opömawmfcH jzpfoGm;&ifvJ tqJNidrf oGm;wmaygh}} vkdYa'gufwm OD;barmfu ynma&; 0efBuD; OD;om,m0wD armifarmifudkajymNyD;NyDvJ Mum;a&m NynfolYvuf0J qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh[mabmif;bD 0wfpkH 0,f0wfNyD; ajczsm; waxmufaxmuf bGwfbdeyfBuD;wa*gufa*guf jzpfvmcJhw,f rIwfvm;/

aemuf xkH;pHtwdkif; ynmawmfoif ta½G;cH&r,fh vlawGudk ac:NyD;pmar;yGJ ppfMunfhvdkufawmh OD;odef;azjrifhu bdwf? OD;ndKjru xdyf?OD;armifwif qdkwmu tv,f? tJ'Dvdk jzpfcJhMu&w,f/

tJ'Dwkef;u OD;om,m0wD armifarmif[m ZGwf rw&m;vkyfay;awmhr,fh qJqJrSm EdkifiHa&;orm; jzpfwJh OD;odef;azjrifhu -

]]cifAsm; ,D;wD;,m;wm; rvkyfeJY? pmar;yGJ ppfcsufawG bmawGrvkdbl;/ usKyfudk ra½G;&if 'ku© jzpfoGm;r,f}} vdkY oGm;Budrf;wJh twGuf -

]]vrf;rSef twdkif;bJ vkyfEdkifr,f}} qdkyD; OD;om,m0wDarmifarmifu OD;ndKjrudk ynmawmfoif tjzpf a½G;cs,fvdkufw,fvdkYMum;bl;&w,f cifAs/

'gawG [kwfw,f r[kwfzl; qdkwm a'gufwm OD;barmfeJYOD;ndKjra&m OD;odef;azjrifh udk,fwdkifa&m odMurSmaygh cifAsm/

tJ OD;odef;azjrifh[m ynmawmfoif tjzpfeJY rdrd ta½G;rcH &awmhbl;vJ oda&m? ta½G;cHNyD; ynmawmfoif oGm;&r,fh OD;ndKjrudk ]]e,fcsJYNAdwdoQ&JU tvdkawmf&d? Armh opömazmuf avmufaumif}} bmnmeJYtawmfcsnf; yufyufpufpuf owif;pm *sme,fawGu a&;vdkufao;w,frIwfvm;/



'Dawmhum OD;odef;azjrifh[m [dkpOftcg ocif b0 uwnf;uEdkifiHa&;udk vufeufwck tjzpf tokH;jyKNyD; NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU opömawmfcHynmawmfoif tjzpf avQmufcJhbl; ao;,if -

ppfajy; tpdk;&&JU vufatmufrSm a&mufae&wJh OD;odef;azjrifh[mvJ EdkifiHa&; tac:ta0: awGeJY zkH;zdNyD;? rsdK;cspf vli,fuav;awGudkrdrd udk,fusdK;twGuf yOörH wyfom; tjzpf rodrf;oGif;bl;?rvkyfcdkif;bl;vdkY qkdEdkifrvm; ../

usaemf odwmudk ajym&&if *syef ppf½IH;NyD;p tcsdefuOD;odef;azjrifh[m r[mrdwf NAdwdoQudk xd&if rcsdatmif emcJhw,f/NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU yOörH owif;pm avewfom; tmabmfawG twdkif;wjym;rS ravQmhbl;/

e,fcsJY t*Fvdyfudk wdkufzdkY usaemfwdkYu vkyf,if? b,fawmhrSjyefrvmEdkifwJh *syefawG&JU tvdkusaewJh zufqpfvdkY cifAsm;u pGyfpGJw,f/

&efukefNrdKUu &yfuGufwdkif;rSm vkdufNyD; r[mrdwf t*FvdyfeJYyl;aygif;a&; qdkwJh w&m;yGJawG vkyfcJhw,f ../

usaemf[m OD;odef;azjrifh&JU tJ'D jynfolY vuf0J qdk&S,fvpfvkyfief;rsdK;awGawmh rvkyfcJhrdwm trSefygbJ ../

eufjzefrS qufMuao;wmaygh ../




vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

usaemf[m vuf0J vufsm qdk&S,fvpfawG? uGefjrLepfawG r[kwfygbl;/ trsdK;om;a&;udk a&SU½IwJh omref olvdkigvdk rsdK;cspfwa,mufomjzpfygw,f qdkwm 0efcHcJh NyD;ygNyD/

tJ'g[m tckrS r[kwfygbl;? a&S;uwnf;u ygbJ cifAs/

'gudk usaemfh &Jabmf&JbufawG tm;vkH;u odMuygw,f/

usaemf[m tawG;tac: t,ltqa&;eJY ywfoufvdkY uGefjrLepfoabmw&m;udk vufcH BudKufESpfoufol jzpfaMumif; usaemfeJYeD;eD;uyfuyf aygif;bl;olwdkif; ..

odbl; Mum;bl; xm;wmeJY rwlatmif wtHhwMo awGYMuwmcsnf;bJ cifAs/

'gayr,fh vkyftm;ay;Edkifonf txd usaemfh ukd,fudk usaemfrpGefYvTwfEdkifvdkY udk,feJY wef½kH uGefjrLepf tawG;tac: t,ltqudkBudKufESpfoufwJh avhvmqJ rsdK;cspfrsufuef; tjzpfyJ usaemfhudk,f usaemfowfrSwf xm;ygw,f/

'gaMumifh rsdK;cspfrsufuef; jzpfwJh usaemf[m bmudpö jzpfjzpftrsdK;om;a&;udk a&SUwef;wifNyD; pOf;pm;vdkY ..



uGefjrLepf tawG;tac:udk vufcHonfh wdkifatmif uGefjrLepfbdk;atBuD;rsm; jzpfMuwJh qdkAD,uf½koQ eJY w½kyfeD wdkY&JU tmPmpufvufatmufudkawmh ra&mufvdkbl; cifAs/

'D .. qdkAD,uf eJY jynfolYw½kyfeD wdkYudk usaemfh tjrifeJY jrifjy&r,f qdk&if ..

uGefjrLepf tawG;tac:udk BudKufwmcsif;? vufcHwmcsif;usaemfwdkYeJY wnf;wl&nfwl &SdMuwJh vlrsdK;? wef;wl&nfwl vufcHMuwJhwdkif;jynf ../

tJ'DvdkbJ oabmxm;w,f/ olwdkY[m usaemfwdkY t&if vufcHcJh&prf;oyfcJhvdkY? usaemfwdkYxuf tawGYtBuHK rsm;csif rsm;rayghAs/ 'Doabmw&m;udk BudKufwm vufcHwmjcif;awmh twlwlavmuf ygbJ/b,fvdkrS ydkrxl;jcm; ygbl;vdkY ,kHw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dvdk ,lq ,kHMunfol? uGefjrLepf tawG;tac: udk vufcHNyD;avhvmqJ (avhvmqJ qdkwm t*Fvdyfacwfu e*g;eDwdkufxkwfocifpdk;BuD; a&;wJh qdk&S,fvpf 0g'eJY edoQnf; qdkwJh pmtkyfxGufvmuwnf;u tcktcsdef txd avhvmaecJhwm cifAs/ tESpf 20 ausmfygNyD/)tJ'Dvdk avhvmaeqJ jzpfwJh ½dk;½dk; Armjynfom; rsdK;cspfwa,muf rQomjzpfw,f qdkwmudk OD;odef;azjrifh tpuwnf;u usaemfhudk odygw,f../

'gayr,fh OD;odef;azjrifh[m tmPm&&SdcsifwJh EdkifiHa&;rsdK;pdwfr0ifpm; wwfwJh usaemfhvkd vlwa,mufudk rdrdeJY NydKifbufvdkYxifvmw,f/ rdrdvdkbJ tkyfcsKyfa&; tydkif;rSm wm0ef&Sdol yk*¾dKvfrsm;tay:rSm rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeolvdkY xifvmw,f/

'gaMumifhvJ OD;odef;azjrifh&JU qGJcsowif;pmu ]]&efukefbaqGonf? *syefawmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0gESifh cifrifrIudk taMumif;jyKí



tcsdKUaom wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*d¾Kvfrsm; tay:wGif? rodrom vTrf;rdk;rI&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf}} vdkY a&;vdkufwmaygh/

yD;awmh ]]4if;onf vufsm qdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhNyD; wefjyefawmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwnf; &Sdaeí}} vdkY pGJcsuf wifvdkufwmbJ/

'Dae&mrSm OD;odef;azjrifhudk usaemf wck csD;usL;w,f/OD;odef;azjrifh[m awmf,kHwef,kH ,kwfrm&ufpufwJh vlawGuwdwfwqdwfawmif rvkyf0HhwJh tvkyfrsdK;udk ajymifajymif vkyf&JwJhowåd&Sdw,f/

tckMunfhav? wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;awG&JU taygif;ygvdkYpGyfpGJNyD; a*smufcsvdkufcsifawmh vufsm qdk&S,fvpfvdkY pGyfpGJvdkufwmbJ/

wu,fawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m rdrd&JU NydKifbufvdkYtxifa&mufaeol usaemfvdk vludk rqdkxm;eJY ..

rdrdudk b,fvdkrS rxdcdkuf rapmfum; &efnd§K; r&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfawGudkawmif ..

'Dyk*¾dKvfudk csvdkuf,if ighrsm; awmfvSefa&; tpkd;&u ,kHMunfcsuftrSwfawG wdk;wdk;ay; vdrfhrvm; qdkwJh taeeJY rdrdydkif ]qGJcs owif;pm}uaeNyD; cscs jyaewm[m wdkif;jynfu tod/ wdkif;jynfu tjrif/ txift&Sm;bJ rIwfvm;/

wu,fawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m yifudk,f vlawmf ynmwwfwa,muf jzpfygvsufeJY qdk&S,fvpf EdkifiH jzpfvm,if ae&m,lcsif vdkaewJhpdwfawG qla0vTrf;rdk; avmb a'go rapä&pdwfu xdef;csKyf r&Edkifavmufatmif zkH;vTrf;vmawmh ..



]]awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& qdkwm oli,fESyfpm; r[kwfyguvm;}}vdkYawmif rawG;rdawmhbl;/ rjrifEdkif awmhbl;/

'DtaMumif;eJY qufvsuf OD;odef;azjrifhwdkY rodvdkufwJhtaMumif;uav; wckudk usaemf a&;jyvdkuftkH;r,f cifAs/

tJ'gu ]]qdk&S,fvpfygwD}} qdkNyD; ay:vm&wJh taMumif;bJ/&mZ0if rSwfwrf; wckvJ jzpfEdkifwmaygh cifAsm/

ta&;awmfykH tNyD;rSm t*Fvdyf 0ifvmawmh usaemfwdkYuvJt*Fvdyfudk qufwdkufcsif? uGefjrLepfygwDu ocifpdk;BuD;uvJ OD;odef;azjrifh&JU aoG;aqmifcsufaMumifh rwdkifcsifbl; jzpfae? ocifoef;xGef;uvJOD;odef;azjrifhudk axmufcHxm; -

tJ'Dwkef;u OD;odef;azjrifheJY ocifpdk;BuD;wdkY t*Fvdyf ppftpdk;&uzGJYay;r,fh tpdk;& tzGJYxJrSm tpdk;& tzGJY0ifawG tjzpf odyfNyD; ygcsifaeMuawmh (tck OD;odef;azjrifh vkyfaeovdkaygh cifAsm/) NydKifbufjzpfwJhqmay:xGef; wdkYudkvJ wzufucs/

jynfolY ta&;awmfykH ygwDu acgif;aqmiftjzpf wifxm;wJhOD;AaqGBuD; udkvJ NydKifbuf jzpfvmEdkifwJh vl qdkNyD; a½TawmifMum;vrf;xJrSm aewmudk vufn§dK;xdk;jy/

t*Fvdyf tpdk;&qDrSm rsufESm &atmifvJ usaemfwdkYudkvufeufawGeJY wyfawGeJY t*Fvdyfudk wdkufbdkY tqifoifh &SdaeMuygw,fvdkY tckvdkbJ cyfajymifajymif vufnd§K;xdk;jy/

tJ'Dvdk vkyfcJhvdkY &JabmfawG idkMu rIdifMu? pdwf"mwfysufMu?aygufuGJMu jzpfukefawmh ..



AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;u ppfwyf tzsufcH&wJh&JabmfawGudk uref;uwef; pkpnf;NyD; jynfolY&Jabmf wyfzGJY zGJYay;?AdkvfrSL;pdefrSefudk tkyfcsKyfcdkif;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk OuúXwif tJ'Dvdkvkyf/

tJ'D tcsdefrSm tpm;taomufuvJ &Sm;yg;? taeuvJ qif;&J?wyftzsufcH&vdkY toJaygufaewJh &JabmfawGu ..

txl;ojzifh ,dk;',m; jrefrm e,fpyfrSm uG,fvGefoGm;wJh (csdKcif)acgif;aqmifwJh &JabmfawG? tmVm0ubpdk; acgif;aqmifwJh &JabmfawG?tJ'D &JabmfawGu tar&duef t*Fvdyf ppfom;awG qDu *spfum;awGvk?vufeufawGvkeJY vkyfvmMu ..

'DtcsdefrSm tck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u 'DaumifawG 'Dvdkxm;vdkYawmhrjzpfzl;qdkNyD; wcsdKUudk NAdwdoQ tpdk;& zGJYpnf;wJh bk&ifr wyfrawmfxJrSm0if&atmif vkyfay;? usefwJh &JabmfawG twGuf aeYpOf pm;a& &du©mawG&atmif aemufuG,fu wacsmufacsmufeJY &Smay; ..

'DtxJ vufeuf tjynfhtpkHeJY e,ftESHY usef&pfcJhwJh jynfolYta&;awmfykH wyfzGJYudkvJ e,fruRHatmif xdef;odrf;xm;&/

tJ'D tcsdefrSmbJ wdkif;jynf&JU a&SUa&;udk MunfhNyD; ygwDawGtuGJuGJ tjym;jym; rjzpfbJ ,kHMunfcsuf &Sdw,f qdkwmudk temcHatmifhtD;NyD; jyvdkufMuygvdkY toJaygufaewJh jynfolYta&;awmfykH ygwDudk0dkif;ajzmif;zs/ tJ'Dvdk vkyfMuw,f cifAs/

uGefjrLepfygwD wckxJrSm? uRefawmfwdkY tm;vkH;a&mNyD;0ifaygif;vdkufbdkY wygwDxJ? wzGJYxJ vkyfvdkufbdkY? wkdif;jynftwGufusaemfwdkYubJ tavQmhay;NyD; aygif;ay;bdkY ajymMuwmaygh/

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY? AdkvfcsKyfae0if;wdkY? AdkvfrSL;atmifBuD;wdkYwawGygbJ/



uGefjrLepfygwDudk vdkufavsmvmwJh AdkvfrSL;vufsmuawmhpdwfysufNyD; tJ'D 2 buf Mum;udk r0ifawmhbl;/

tJ'Dawmh usaemfwdkYu oabmw&m; tawG;tac:udk tpuwnf;u uGefjrLepf t,ltqudk vufcHNyD;om;bJ/ vkyfykHvkyfenf; eJYppftwGif; usifhokH;ykH usifhokH;enf; udkom uGefjrLepf trnfcHolawG[mynmwwf vlwef;pm; qefvdkY usaemfwdkY oabm ruswmbJ/wdkif;jynftwGuf vkyf&r,fqdk,if b,fae&mu ae&ae& bmvJvkyf&vkyf& vkyfr,f/ aygif;r,f? 0ifr,fvdkY ajymw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dawmh uGefjrLepf ygwDu ..

(wpf) jynfolYta&;awmfykH tzGJY0ifawGudk tzGJYvdkuf vufrcHbl;?wa,mufcsif;udk t&HygwD0ifrsm; tjzpfeJYom vufcHr,f/

(ESpf) tJ'D txJrSm OD;ausmfNidrf;? AdkvfrSL;Munf0if; eJY usaemfhudkvkH;0 vufrcHbl; qdkwJh owfrSwfcsufawG ay;vmw,f cifAs/

aemuf .. xyfNyD; aphpyf aqG;aEG;Muawmh AdkvfrSL;Munf0if; eJYOD;ausmfNidrf;udk t&H ygwD0if tjzpf vufcHr,f/ zufqpfaoG; &SdaewJhppfvdkvm;NyD; r[mrdwf t*Fvdyfudk wdkufbdkY wuJuJ vkyfaewJh usaemfhudkuGefjrLepfygwD xJrSm vkH;0 vufrcHEdkifbl;wJh cifAs/

tJ'Dwkef;u usaemf xGufaeyghr,f? wkdif;jynftwGufnDnTwfoGm;,if awmfygNyD/ 0ifcGifh&wJh vlawG 0ifMuygvdkY usaemfuwkdufwGef;w,f/

'gayr,fh usaemfh&JU &Jabmf &JbufawG[m usaemfhudkuGefjrLepfygwDu vufrcHwJh twGuf tifrwef pdwfqdk;NyD; ]qdk&S,fvpfygwD} udk wnfaxmifvdkufMuwm cifAs/ tJ'g[mqdk&S,fvpfygwD jzpfvmwJh &mZ0ifbJ/



tJ'D qdk&S,fvpfygwD xJrSm usaemf[m tajccH awm½GmawGudk&atmif vkyftm; tay;EdkifqkH; pnf;½kH;a&;rSL; vkyfcJhayr,fh w&m;0ifqdk&S,fvpf wa,muf rjzpfcJhbl;/ r0ifcJhrdbl;/

'gayr,fh aemufqkH; atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyfudkvufcHpOfu qdk&S,fvpfygwD wckvkH;&JU ygwDwGif; twdkuftcHacgif;aqmif jzpfcJh&w,f/

usaemf OD;aqmifcJhwJh txufatmuf jrefrmjynf NrdKUe,fc½dkifqdk&S,fvpf acgif;aqmif tawmfrsm;rsm;u atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfudk oabm rwlnD MuwJhtwGuf tJ'D pmcsKyfudk qdk&S,fvpfygwDuoabmwlnDaMumif; axmufcHbdkY ta&;rSm 2 &ufausmfausmfaESmifhaES;oGm;cJh&w,f/

tJ'Daemuf e,fcsJYorm;udk qufvuf qefYusif&mrSm?vufeufudkif wdkufcdkufa&; txd rvdktyfawmhbl;vdkY ,kHwJhtwGuf?atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyfyD;wmeJY t&yfxJrSm olvdkigvdk t&yfom;tjzpf vkyfudkifpm;aomuf aexdkifcJhwm tcktxdbJ/

zqyv qdk&S,fvpfwdkYudk tck qJaewJh OD;odef;azjrifh[m zqyvqdk&S,fvpfwdkY aumif;pm;pOf tcgu? zqyv qdk&S,fvpfwdkY&JU t&dyftm0goudk cdkvIHoifh oavmuf cdkvIHNyD; zqyv qdk&S,fvpfqdkwJh vlawG&JUtaxmuftyHhudk cHoifh oavmuf cHcJhayr,fh ..

qdk&S,fvpfudk wnfaxmifvmcJhwJh usaemf[m? zqyvqdk&S,fvpfawG&JU t&dyf tm0goudk rcdkvIHbl;? taxmuftyhH rcHbl;?vdkifpif rawmif;bl;/ t&yfxJrSm twlaewJh zqyv qdk&S,fvpfawGuawmif trsm;jynfolwdkYeJY twl usaemf &oifh&xdkufwJh tdrfcef;udkray;bJxm;vdkY w&m;ojzifh avQmufwm r&,if trIeJY &ifqdkifr,fqdkNyD;aomh½dkufcsdK; zGifhcJhw,f/ twif;wuf aecJh&w,f ../



'gayr,fh tJ'Dvdk oabmxm;jcif; rwdkufqdkifMu? rwlnDMuayr,fh 'D zqyv qdk&S,fvpfawG[m usaemfh wa,mufudk uGefjrLepfygwDu vufrcHbl; qdkvdkY qdk&S,fvpf jzpfvmMuwJh vlawG r[kwfvm;As/

'DtaMumif;awGudk ocifpdk;BuD; udk,fwdkifeJY aphpyfay;wJh Auyq&mcspfwdkY? OD;ausmfNidrf;wdkY? AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; armifarmifwdkY?AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;wdkY? AdkvfrSL;BuD; Munf0if;wdkY tm;vkH;odMuw,f cifAs/

tJ'gvdk usaemf wa,mufxJ twGuf &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfeJYqdk&S,fvpf jzpfvm& Mu&wJh vlawGudk olwdkY tckvdk avQmusaewJhtcsdefrSm ,kHMunfcsufjcif; rwlayr,fh raygif;bJ raeEdkifbl; cifAs/

olwdkY&JU t,ltqudk vkH;0 raxmufcHayr,fh vlyk*¾dKvfawGtaeeJY olwdkYudk tultnD ay;&r,f cifAs? tJ'g[m &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfvdkYac:w,f/ vufsmqdk&S,fvpf r[kwfzl;/

eufjzef qufMutkH;pdkYayghAsm/




vuf0JrlrSefqdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSefqdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSefqdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..vuf0JrlrSefqdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

usaemf[m vufsmvuf0J qdk&S,fvpfwa,muf r[kwfao; ygbl;?rdrd oabmtwdkif; uGefjrLepf tawG;tac:udk oabmus avhvmaewJholvkdigvdk ½dk;½dk;rsdK;cspf wOD;rQom jzpfygao;w,f/

tJ-wckawmh &Sdw,f/ uGefjrLepf oabmw&m;a&;&m oifwef;wcgavmuf wufbl;NyD;? rdrdudk,f rdrd uGefjrLepfvdkY owfrSwfwJh vlrsdK;awGvdk awG;,ifawmh rjzpfzl;aygh cifAsm/

bmvdkYvJ qdkawmh ]ocifAdkvf} qDrSm uGefjrLepf oabmw&m;oifwef; 2 ck wufbl;w,f cifAs/ ocifA[def;qDrSm oifwef;wck/*syefacwftwGif; ocifpdk;BuD; qDrSmawmh tBudrfBudrfaygh cifAsm/aemuf ]ocifAodef;wif} eJYawmh aqG;aEG;½kHbJ aqG;aEG;bl;w,f cifAs/

xl;qef;wmuawmh qdk&S,fvpfygwDudk wnfaxmifMuolawGxJrSm ygNyD; qdk&S,fvpftjzpf vltrsm;u towfrSwfcH xm;&wJhusaemf[m qdk&S,fvpf OD;udkudkBuD; ydkYcsay;wJh qdk&S,fvpfoifwef;awmhwcgrS rwufzl; cJh&bl; cifAs/

wcsdefwkef;u a½Twd*kH ukef;awmf ajrpm&if;XmerSm wjynfvkH;uc½dkifNrdKUe,f qdk&S,fvpf udk,fpm;vS,faygif; ESpf&mausmfudk oifMum;ydkYcswJhajyma[myGJvdk ae&mudkawmh 7 &ufvkH;vkH; oGm;NyD; em;axmifcJhbl;w,fcifAs/



usaemf qdkvdkcsifwm uawmh oifwef; wcgqif;NyD;wdkif; tJ'Doifwef;u tawG;tac:awGudk vufcH,kHMunf Muwdkif;om uGefjrLepfjzpf&r,f qdk,if usaemf[m awmfawmfBuD;BuD; uGefjrLepf jzpfaerSmayghcifAsm/ bmjyKvdkYvJ qdkawmh oabmw&m;a&;&m oifwef;awGu tBudrfawmfawmfrsm;rsm; trsdK; awmfawmfpkHpkH wufcJh oifcJh avhvmvcJhbl;&wmudk cifAs/

'gayr,fh OD;odef;azjrifh&JU ]qGJcs owif;pm} uawmh ]vufsmqdk&S,fvpf} vdkYbJ usaemfhudk ZGwfemrnf ay;xm;w,f/

'Dvdk emrnfay;vdkufrSyJ wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm; vdkY qufNyD;pGyfpGJ EdkifbdkYtwGuf ,kwådcdkifvkHr,f r[kwfvm;/

tckvdk acwfBuD;xJrSm ]]vufsm qdk&S,fvpf eJY wefjyefawmfvSefa&;orm;}} udk tnrn enf;eJY qufpyfNyD; pGyfpGJEdkifbdkYOmPftjrif &w,fqdkwm awmf½kHwef½kH rapä& pdwfrsdK;eJY rjzpfEdkifbl; cifAs/OD;odef;azjrifhvdk yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsdK;rS wwfpGrf;EdkifwJh udpö/

a&;ykHom;ykHudkvJ Munfhav ..

]]&efukefbaqGonf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhonf/pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh vufsmqdk&S,fvpfrsm;udk ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKcJhonf/ tvkyftauR;jyKcJhonf/ wavmu OD;ausmfNidrf;\ ZeD; tdrfay:wGif ppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGif jyóemü wnfNrJ zqyv ocifcspfarmifwdkYbufrS oufaocHjcif;ESifh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;udk oGm;a&mufawGYqkHjcif;rsm;u 4if;\ eef;Zmwd½kyfudk zkH;uG,fr&atmifazmfjyvdkufjcif;yif jzpf\}} wJh ../ 'gu taMumif;jycsuf pGyfpGJcsuf/

NyD;awmhrS 0efwdkpdwfuav;udk rzkH;Edkif rzdEdkifbJ ..



]]4if;onf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf jzpfcJhNyD; ,aeY umvwGif wefjyefawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; ESifh wxyfwnf; &Sdaeonf jzpfí 4if;\t,ltqrsm;onf wm0ef&Sdolrsm; tay: vTrf;rdk; oufa&mufoGm;onfqdkygu wdkif;jynf\ uHMur®mudk rawG;&Jatmifyif &Sdawmh\}} wJh/

'gu pdk;&drfcsuf/ wdkif;jynftwGuf pdk;&drfykH uav;awG ../pdk;&drf&SmykH uav;awG ../ tJ'Dvdk pdk;&drfaMumuf½GHY NyD;wJhaemuf qkH;jzwfcsufay;vdkufykHu ..

]]rnfodkYyif jzpfap pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGonf pma&;q&mwOD; taejzifh ,cktcg wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;ívIyf&Sm;aeonf[k aumufcsuf cs&rnfom jzpfonf}} wJh/ / 'guqkH;jzwfcsuf/ vkyfykHuav; b,favmuf vSoenf;/

tm;vkH; NcKHvdkuf,if 'g[m OD;odef;azjrifh&JU tnrn ]a*smuf}wGef;enf;aygh/

usaemf Mum;jzwf wck a&;csifwmu? OD;odef;azjrifhbmaMumifhrsm; usaemfhudk 'gavmuf remvdk r½Ipdrfh jzpfae&wmvJ/

usaemf pma&;q&mtoif; OuúX 0ifvkyf&wm uvJ twif;0dkif;wifMuvdkY rvTJ ra&SmifomvdkY vufcH&w,f qdkwm OD;odef;azjrifhowif;Mum;rSm ygbJ/

yxr nDvmcHBuD; uwnf;u? OD;odef;azjrifh&JU &JabmfBuD;wuúodkvfjrwfol ygwJh vlwpk[m usaemfh tdrfudk a&mufvmMuNyD;,ckvmrnfhESpf pma&;q&m toif;&JU OuúXvkyfyg? q&m Z0e usawmhvJ?cPcP xyfaevdkYwJh/ OD;odef;azjrifh usawmh rBudKufvdkYwJh/

tJ'Dwkef;u? usaemf[m twefwef jiif;vdkufygw,f? 'Dvdkjiif;awmh wuúodkvfjrwfolu ]]usaemfwdkYawmh aemif½dk;wdkufyGJ twdkif;bJ?



q&mrS wyg; wjcm; b,folYudkrS rwifbl;vdkY}} qkH;jzwfxm;w,f qdkyD;ajymw,f cifAs ../

tJ'gaMumifhvJ usaemf[m tJ'D tcsdefu nDvmcHudk vkH;0rwufbJ ]]tif;waumf}} udk oGm;aecJhwm ygbJ/ tck ajcmufvywfnDvmcH a&mufawmh trSwfrxif wufa&mufrd&mu rajy;om ra&SmifomjzpfcJh&wm/

xm;ygawmhav .. 'D taMumif;awGudk &Sif;ae&if q'éfqifrif;0w¬KxJu? plVokb'´m qifrtwdkif; tifMuif;yGifhudk vIyfacR csay;wJhtcgrSm cgcsOfxkyfBuD; usvm&rvm; qdkyD; ajycsdefwefrS? rajyatmifn§dK;wwfwJh? rkqdk;wydkif;-rdef;r½dkif;BuD;udk &Sif;jy ae&ovdk jzpfygw,f/'Dawmh usaemf azmfjyvdkwJh vdk&if;udk a&;yghr,f/

usaemf xifw,f cifAs/ ]]a&xJu ig;[m ukef;ay:uowå0gawGudk a&r&SdbJ b,fvdkvkyfNyD; aeEdkifMuyg vdrfhrvJvdkYawG;xifjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkifovdk ..}} OD;odef;azjrifh [mvJ &Jabmf&JbufwdkY&JUn§mwmrI? cGifhvTwfrI? opömapmifhodrI qdkwJh pdwf"mwfudk em;rvnfEdkifbl;/

Oyrm ..

atmifqef;-tufwvD pmcsKyf NyD;cJhwJhaemuf wcsdKUw0ufaomwyfrawmfom;rsm; yg0ifcJhwJh tmPm& zqyv xJu qdk&S,fvpfawGt,ltqeJY vkyfykHudkifykH awGudk usaemfeJY wuG wyfrawmfom; trsm;pkwdkYu rBudKufcJhMubl;/

AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; eJYwuG AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;wdkYAdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; armifarmifwdkY qdkwm aeYpOfESifh trQ zqqdk&S,fawGudkqJqdk tjypfwif vmcJhMuw,f/ 'D zqqdk&S,fawGudk rSm;,Gif;wdkif;zdwfac: xrif;auR;NyD; qJMuw,f/ bmawGvkyfyg? bmawGvkyfygvdkYvrf;pOfawG csay;cJhMuw,f/



'gayr,fh zqqdk&S,fawGu rvkyfMubl;/ usKyfwdkY vkyfcsifwdkif;r&bl;vdkY qdkMuw,f/ 0efBuD;csKyfudk tcGifhta&; ay;ae&w,f?vdkufavsmaeMu &w,fvdkY ajymMuw,f/

]]'gjzifh aeMuawmh? 'Dvdkqdk,if cifAsm;wdkY 0efBuD;awG jzpfaeMuwm ]&D;} okH;usovm;? cifAsm;wdkYvJ xif&mvkyfMu? usKyfwdkYvJ bmrSrajymbl;/ usKyfwdkYudkvJ bmrS rajymMueJY? cifAsm;wdkYeJY usKyfwdkYvrf;tjywfyJ}} vdkY AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u ajymw,f/

aemufrac:Mu? rajymMu? roGm;Mu? rvmMubJ aew,f/

a½G;aumufyGJvJ eD;vma&m ..

]]a[; .. [dk[mBuD;awG tajctae b,fvdkvJuG/ 'Dtacsmiform; BuD;awGudkawmh 0dkif;0ef;vkyfay;Mu tkH;rSbJ/ ]aomuf}apwemawmh eJeJrS r&Sdbl;? 'gayr,fh b,fheJY vkyfrvJ}}

tJ'g apmapmu tjywfyJvdkY ajymxm;wJh AdkvfcsKyfae0if; yg;pyfuxGufwJh pum; cifAs/

'gwGifvm; qdkawmh? r[kwfao;bl;/ wcsdKU wm0efus AdkvfrSL;awGAdkvfBuD;awG qdk,if qdk&S,fvpfawG rsufESmudk rMunfhcsifvdkY qdkyD;b,fawmhrS rdrd wm0efus NrdKUe,fu qdk&S,fvpfawGeJY tawGYrcHbl;/'gayr,fh ]rJ} &atmifawmh BudK;yrf;ay;w,f ..

'g[m wdkif;odjynfod/ [efaqmif zkH;uG,f aep&m r[kwfzl; -

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; .. &Jabmf&Jbuf qdkwm tJ'g ac:w,f/rsufESmudk rMunfhcsifatmif rkef;aeayr,fh wjcm;vleJY jzpfvmwJh tcgrSmudk,fhvlu rSm;tkH;? rSm;rSef;od&ufeJY udk,fhvlvufu &yfwnfw,f?yD;awmhrS udk,fhvl&JU trSm;udk ajymw,f? jyifw,f? qJw,f/



tJ'g[m cifAsm; oabm raygufEdkifwJh &Jabmfpdwf/

cifAsm;wdkY oabmw&m;BuD;eJY tay:,Hu okH;oyfr,fqdk,ifawmh trSm;awG wNyHKcsnf; azmfjyEdkifwJh &Jabmfpdwf/

wu,f eufeufeJeJ EIdufvdkufwJh tcgrSm urÇmYqdk&S,fvpfwdkif;jynfwdkif;u vufcHvmMu&wJh trsdK;om;a&; OD;wnfcsufjyKwJh&Jabmfpdwf cifAs/

eufjzef qufMuao;wmaygh/





&Jabmf&Jbuf pdwftaMumif;udk usaemf raeYu t&dyft>rufa&;NyD;cJhygNyD/

aemufxyfa&;jy&r,f qdk,ifvJ trsm;BuD;aygh cifAsm/

usaemfqdk,if vkyfazmfudkifbuf jzpfwJh zqqdk&S,fawGeJYt,ltqjcif; rudkufnDvdkY ajcmufESpfausmf ckepfESpfavmuf tul;toef;txGuft0if wBudrfrS rjyKbJ vrf;jywf aecJhayr,fh ..

zqqdk&S,fawG tbdkY tBudwfte,f jyKvkyf&r,fh ta&;taMumif;vJ ay:vma&m tJ'D zqqdk&S,fawG udkawmif todray;bl;?pmtkyfwdkuf wnfaxmifr,fh aiGuav;eJY ]rD;'kwf} owif;pm xxkwfay;vdkufw,f cifAs ../

'gayrifh zqqdk&S,fawGudk oGm;rawGYbl;/ wzufu Ak'¨bmomudkEdkifiHawmf bmom vkyfay;r,fvdkY ausnmawmhrS ..

]]cifAsm;wdkY oabmwlMurSmawmh r[kwfzl;/ 'gayr,fh0wå&m;twdkif;awmh ajym&rSmbJ}}

]]tck tcsdefrSm usLyfwdkY[m trsdK;om; pnf;vkH;a&;udkoma&SY½Iw,f? wdkif;jynfvlxku rauseyfvdkY rJwjym;rS ray;csif aeyg/}}

]]usKyfwdkY rJ&a&;xuf ..

a½G;aumufyGJrSm tEdkif&a&;xuf ..



jynfaxmifpk trsdK;om; pnf;vkH;a&;udk ydkNyD; vdkvm;w,f?wkdif;jynfudk ydkcspfw,f? usKyfwdkYawmh trsdK;om; pnf;vkH;rIudk ysufjym;apwJh Ak'¨bmomudk EdkifiHawmf bmom vkyfray;Edkifbl; vdkY ausnmvdkufyg/}}

]]tJ'Dvdk ausnmvdkuf&if tck cifAsm;wdkY ½IH;Mu&r,fh a½G;aumufyGJrSmvJ taMumif;jyp&m &oGm;r,f/}}

]]yD;awmh .. EdkifiHawmf bmom vkyfNyD;wJhaemuf jzpfvmr,fhuRufpDuRufpD Mum;xJrSm vlxk[m cifAsm;wdkY bufudk ,drf;,dkifvmMuygvdrfhr,f}} vdkY .. oGm;ajymcJhao;w,f cifAs/

OD;AaqGBuD; udka&m? OD;ausmfNidrf; udka&m ygbJ/ ajcmufESpfausmfckepfESpf twGif; yXrqkH; tcsdef jyefvnf rsufESmcsif; qdkifrdMujcif;aygh ../

usaemfom .. 'Dvdk vkyfovm;? 'Dvdk jzpfovm; qdkawmh r[kwfao;bl;/

tcsdef&Sdoa½GY zqyvudk cGqJ vmMuwJh wyfrawmfxJu &Jabmf&JbufawG qdk,ifvJ rJa&wGufaewJh nrSm w,fvDzkH;em;u rcGmbJowif;em;axmif aeMuw,f cifAs/ &efukef wNrdKUvkH; twGuf ½IH;ukefbDvdkYvJ od&a&m .. pdwfrcsrf;ajrYjcif; BuD;pGmeJY tdyfaq;aomufNyD;tdyfypfvdkuf MuwmbJ/ tJ'Dvdk tdyfaq;aomufNyD; tdyfypfvdkuf Mu&wJhvlawG[m trsm;tjym;aygh/

tJ'g &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfbJ cifAs/

'Dvdk pdwfrsdK;[m wnfNidrfrI? cdkifrmrI? cGifhvTwfrI? udk,fusdK;pGefYrI?opöm&SdrI qdkwJh t&nftcsif;awG udef;0yfwJh vlrsdK;rSmrS &SdwwfMu?oabmaygufwwf Muw,f/

OD;odef;azjrifhvdk yk*¾dKvfrsdK; twGufawmh ..



]]a&rSmaeaom ig;onf ukef;xufü touf&Sif aeonfhowå0grsm;udk a&r&Sd ygbJvsuf rnfodkY touf&Sifae& ygoenf;[krodEdkifavbd ouJhodkY ..}}

OD;odef;azjrifhvJ &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfqdkwmudk od&Sd oabmaygufvdrfhr,f r[kwfbl; cifAs/

'g[m oufouf pGyfpGJw,fvdkY rxifygeJY/ cdkifrmwJh taxmuftxm;awG trsm;BuD; &Sdygw,f/ xif&Sm;rIawGudk azmfjy&,if? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD xJu vkyfazmfudkifzufcsif; opömazmufNyD; qdk&S,fvpfacgif;aqmif OD;AaqGBuD;udk vmawGYcJhwm ..

tJ'Daemuf jynfawmfomacwfu acgif;aqmifBuD; ocifEk&JUygvDref 'Drdkua&pD wnfwefY cdkifNrJa&; vTwfawmfrdefYcGef;udkajymifajrmufwJh pum;vkH;awGeJY axmufcHcJhNyD; ..

tck ygvDref 'Drdkua&pDudk trkef;wD;qkH; vlwa,muf tjzpfvkyfjyaewm ..

AdkvfcsKyfBuD; tdrfapmifh tpdk;& vufxufu zqyvawGeJYtdrfapmifhtpdk;& rajyrvnf jzpfaewJh tcsdeftcgrSm zqyv utdrfapmifhtpdk;&udk jzKwfcszdkY t,kHtMunf r&Sdtqdk wifoGif;&if yrnwu av;q,fhav;rJvkH; axmufcHr,f qdkNyD; OD;bNidrf; ajymwJh pum;udkoabmwlnD wdkufwGef;cJhwm ..

tJ'Dvdk vl;vm wkHYcwfwwfwJh ÚmOfrsdK;&SdwJh vlawGrSm wnfNidrfrI?cdkifrmrI? cGifhvTwfrI? udk,fusdK;pGefYrI? opöm&SdrI qdkwJh t&nftcsif;rsdK;r&SdEdkifbl;/

'Dvdk t&nftcsif;rsdK; r&Sd&if &Jabmfpdwf r&Sdbl; cifAs/

usaemfh taeeJYawmh -



usaemfom Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD0if wa,muf jzpfaer,fqdk&if oabmcsif; rwdkufqdkifvJ twlwl yl;aygif; rvkyfEdkifawmif rdrdbmom NidrfoufaerSmbJ/

aemufqkH; Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDudk wwdkif;wjynfvkH;u0dkif;NyD; ½Iwfcs aeMutkH;? qJa&; aeMutkH;? usaemfhudkyg tJ'D txJu qJa&;p&m uGefjrLepf wa,muf taeeJY a&maESm vufn§dK;xdk;NyD; qJa&;aetkH; ../

usaemf[m vlrsm pGyfpGJ qJa&;orQudk cHNyD; udk,fh&Jabmf&JbufuGefjrLepfawG twGuf Nidrfouf aerSmbJ/

OD;odef;azjrifhvdk ygwD cGJraxmifbl;? jyefvSef rwdkufbl;/

wjcm;olawGu wdkufcdkufvm,ifawmif usaemf rBudKufcJhwmawGNrdKodyfxm;NyD; wwfEdkiforQ tumtuG,f ay;r,f? tultnD ay;r,f?tJ'g[m &Jabmf&Jbufpdwf cifAs/

tck OD;odef;azjrifh[m &Jabmf&Jbuf uGefjrLepfawG tay: tJ'Dvdkoabmxm; ovm;? opöm&Sd ovm; qdkwm wdkif;odjynfodaygh cifAsm/

uRefawmf 'Dvdka&;awmh &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfudk oabmraygufEdkifwJh OD;odef;azjrifhu vludkMunfhNyD; ]rl} udk rMunfhwwfwJh ]awGa0ol} vdkY usaemfhudk ajymaumif; ajymr,f/

usaemfh tjrifu tJ'D ]rl} udk Munfhw,fqdkwJh trSm;rsdK;awG[mqdk&S,fvpf EdkifiHawGrSm txyfxyf rSm;yD;cJhMu NyD;NyD/

'gaMumifh ]rl} udk MunfhwJh ae&mrSm ]vl} awGudk cGifhvTwfcsufynmay;csufeJY Munfh&w,f/



qdk&S,fvpf wkdif;jynfwjynfudk wnfaxmif&mrSm ]rl} udkcsnf;MunfhNyD; wnfaxmif,if trsdK;om;a&; qdkwJh OD;wnfcsuf ysufokOf;oGm;wwfw,f/

txl;ojzifh usaemfwdkYvdk EdkifiH ti,fpm;av;awG tbdkYtrsdK;om;a&; OD;wnfcsuf aysmufqkH;oGm;,if ]]r[mtEÅ&m,f}} bJ cifAs/

usaemf[m t,ltq a&;&mawGudk rajymcsif? ra&;csifbl;/vkyfief; tawGYtBuHKeJY vufawGY oabmawGudkom a&;csif ajymcsifw,f/tJ'Dawmh &Jabmf&Jbufpdwf taMumif; awmfvdkufMu ygpdkYAsm/

usaemf a':EG,fBuD;wdkY tdrf ygoGm;wJh taMumif;udk&Sif;jyawmhr,f/

waeYawmh usaemfeJY &efjzpfbuf zqyv ocifcspfarmif[musaemfhqDudk a&mufvmw,f/

]]a[h udk,fhvl&? rif;wdkY ppfwyfu vlawGudkvJ MunfhvkyfygtkH;uG/tck rEG,fBuD;wdkY tdrfrSm OD;ausmfNidrf;vJ tzrf;cH& NyD;a&m ppfwyfu qdkNyD;taumifwaumif a&mufaew,f/ tdrfxJudk 0ifvdkuf xGufvdkufeJYNyD;awmh [dkrSm &SdwJh aumifav;awG udkvJ awmifajym ajrmufajymeJYvufeufawG tqifoifh &SdaeNyD/ wefjyef awmfvSefa&; pawmhr,f/usKyfwdkYudk aiGay;ygvdkYvJ awmif;ao;w,f/ igwdkYu bmrSvJ rvkyf?bmrSvJ rodeJY/ rEG,fBuD;uvJ aMumufvdkY? tJ'g udk,fhq&mMunfhvkyfygtkH;/ 'Daumifudk ar;Munfhawmh t&rf; oef;nTefY wyfuvdkYajymowJh/}}

ocifcspfarmifu 'Dtwdkif; ajymw,f cifAs? ocifcspfarmifwdkY(zqyvawG) pdwfxJrSm ppfwyfu vlawGu zqyvawGudk trIqifzrf;aew,f/ bdef;ypf zrf;aew,fvdkY ,kHMunf pdwfraumif;jzpfaeMuw,f cifAs/



ppfwyfuvJ bmrS rvkyf&bJeJY emrnfysuf ae&w,f cifAs/ tJ'DtxJrSm t&rf;oef;nTefY qdkwmu usaemfh &Jabmf&Jbuf/

tJ'D 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD; t&rf;oef;nTefY qdkwm jzwfvrf;u wufjzpfvmwJh 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD; r[kwfzl;/ atmufajcu opöm &Sd&SdeJY BudK;BudK;yrf;yrf;aqmif½Gufvm&if; wpwp wm0efBuD;awGudk xrf;aqmif vm&wJhvl/

'DvlrsdK;rSm &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwf&Sdw,f/ wzufom;udk vkyfBuHpGyfpGJwwfwJh ,kwf,kwfrmrm pdwfrsdK; r&Sdbl;/

'Dawmhum? 'D a':EG,fBuD;wdkY tdrf vmaew,fqdkwJh vl[mb,fenf;eJYrS t&rf;oef;nTefYu cdkif;wm rjzpfEdkifbl;/

'Dvl 'Dvdk vmNyD; twifh&J&JeJY vdrfaewJh twGuf ..

1/ t&rf;oef;nTefY eJY wuG wyfrawmf wckvkH; emrnfysufw,f/

2/ txl;ojzifh zqyv awGu wyfrawmfudk txifvTJrSm; Edkifw,f/

'Dvdk ae&mawGrSm usaemfwdkY[m &Jabmf&JbufawG taeeJY 'DvdkvlvdrfawGudk azmfxkwf ay;EdkifbdkY vdktyfw,f/

azmfxkwfvdkufjcif; tm;jzifh wyfrawmf[m 'Dvdk tvkyfrsdK;awGrvkyfygbl; qdkwmudk wdkif;jynfua&m zqyvawG uyg acgif;xJrSm&Sif;oGm;Edkifw,f/ wzufeJY wzuf txiftjrif vGJrSm;rIawG uif;aysmufoGm;Edkifw,f/

yD;awmhvJ? tckvdk olY a,mufsm; txdef;odrf; cHae&wJh tcsdeftcgrSm? olYrdef;r twGuf usaemfwdkYu apmifha&Smufay;&r,fh 0wå&m;&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/ usaemfom r[kwfygbl;? rvTJra&SmifomvdkY xdef;odrf;ay;xm;&wJh AdkvfcsKyfBuD;uvJ olY rdef;rudk apmifha&Smuf ay;&rSmbJ/



tJ'g[m &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfeJY awG;wJh tawG;bJ cifAs/

eufjzefrS qufMuao;wmaygh/





OD;ausmfNidrf; tdrfudkvmNyD; vdrfaewJh rif;vGif udpöeJY ywfoufNyD;OD;odef;azjrifh&JU ]qGJcsowif;pm} u -

]]wavmu OD;ausmfNidrf; ZeD;tdrfay:wGif ppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGifjyóemü wnfNrJ zqyv ocifcspfarmif wdkYbufrS oufaocHjcif;ESifh -

AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;udk oGm;a&mufawGYqkHjcif;rsm;u4if;\ eef;Zmwd½kyfudk zkH;uG,f r&atmif jzpf\}} vdkY a&;xm;w,f/

'Dae&mrSm OD;odef;azjrifheJY usaemf[m wyfrawmf tay:xm;&SdwJhoabmxm;jcif; vkH;0 rwlbl;/

OD;odef;azjrifh ydkifwJh ]qGJcsowif;pm} BuD;&JU ta&;tom; t&qGJcsowif;pm&JU qdkvdkcsufudk azmf&,if -

OD;ausmfNidrf; ZeD;tdrfay:rSm wnfNrJ zqyv ocifcspfarmifwdkYbufu oufaocHNyD; ppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGifudkvJ zrf;ay;w,f/

yD;awmh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; eJYvJ oGm;awGYw,f/'gaMumifh usaemfh&JU eef;Zmwd½kyfay:w,f/ 'Dvdkqdkxm;w,f cifAs/

usaemfh oabmu OD;odef;azjrifh&JU qGJcsowif;pm eJY vkH;0rwlbl;/



'D rif;vGif qdkwJh taumif[m wyfrawmfudk emrnfzsufaew,f/usaemfh &Jabmf&Jbuf 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD; t&rf;oef;nTefYudkvJ emrnfzsufaew,f/

yD;awmh ,kHMunfcsufjcif; rwlMuvdkY tcdkuftwefY pdwf0rf;uGJaeMu&wJh &Jabmf&Jbuf awGudk wzufeJY wzuf txiftjrifodyfrSm;atmif? odyfuGJ oGm;atmif udk,fa&;udk,fwm udk,fusdK; udk,fhudpöwrsdK;xJudk MunfyD; 0ifa&muf cavmufqefaewJh taumif? tJ'Dvdkjrifw,f cifAs/

'Dae&mrSm OD;odef;azjrifheJY usaemfeJY rwlwJh tcsufawGtrsm;csnf; &Sdw,f/ Oyrm - OD;odef;azjrifhu ppfpkHaxmufudk zrf;ay;&rvm;vdkY rcHr&yfEdkif jzpfjyaew,f/ usaemfu ppfpkHaxmufudk r[kwfzl;?oufouf ppfwyfudk emrnfysufatmif vkyfaew,fvdkY jrifw,f/OD;odef;azjrifheJY usaemf[m ppfwyf tay:rSm oabmxm;ykHcsif;udk rwlbl;cifAs/

yD;awmh OD;odef;azjrifh&JU oabmxm;u awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&&JUywf0ef;usifrSm ig wa,mufrS wyg; b,folrS eD;eD;pyfpyf r&Sdapcsifbl;/

usaemfuawmh tJ'Dvdk r[kwfzl;/

awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&[m tawG;tac:a[mif; t,ltqa[mif;awG t½dk;pGJ aewJh vlxkBuD; w&yfvkH;udk qefYusifNyD; acwfBuD;udktwif;ajymif; ae&&Smw,f/

'gudk tiftm;&SdwJh jynfy EdkifiHBuD; wcsdKUuvJ rvdkvm;Mubl;/

'D tcsdefrSm awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& twGuf tultnD vdkw,f/wkdifyifazmf wdkifyifzuf vdkw,f/



'Dvdk tcsdefrsdK;rSm usaemfh oabmu awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&taeeJY ..

]]a[hvlawG cifAsm;wdkY BudKufwm rBudKufwm cPab;z,fxm;/usKyfvkyfaewJh tvkyfrSm awGYae&wJh tcuftcJawGudk b,fvdk ajz&Sif;&rvJqdkwm 0dkif;0ef; tBuHOmPfay; Muprf;/ 'gayr,fh usKyfBudKufrSvkyfr,fvdkY}} ajymapcsifw,f/

AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;awG tygt0if zqqdk&S,f qdkwJholawGu,kHMunfcsufcsif; rwlayr,fh t&ifwkef;uvdkbJ &Jabmf&Jbufpdwfjyif;jyif;xm;yD; ..

]]cifAsm; ,kHMunfovdkawmh usKyfwdkYr,kHMunfbl;/ 'gayr,fhcifAsm; pdwfxJu odyfvkyfcsifae,if a[m'D tcuftcJrsdK; awGYawmhcifAsm;enf;eJY a[m'Dvdk ajz&Sif;/ usaemfwdkY obmeJY qdk,ifawmh'DvdkvkyfrSmbJ}} - vdkY/

tJ'Dvdk 0dkif;0ef;yD; twif; tultnD ay;vmoifhw,f/ay;vm,ifvJ vufcHoifhw,fvdkY xifaew,f cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

teD;pyfqkH; Oyrm wckjy&,ifawmh tareJY taz &efjzpfyD; uGJMuwJhtcsdefrSm usaemfu tJ'D tareJY taz&JU om;orD;eJY wlw,f cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifhuawmh tJ'D &efjzpfaeMuwJh vifr,m; teufa,mufsm;vkyfwJh vludk rsufESmajymifajymifeJY trdzrf;&atmif jr§LvmwJht&yfysufreJY wlw,f cifAs/

bmjyKvdkYvJ qdkawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m EkdifiHa&; tzGJYtoD;oD;wdkYeJY emrnfysuf cGmNyJvmcJh &NyD; tckrS awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&&JUrqv vrf;pOfudk tpGrf;ukef jr§LqG,fae&qJ r[kwfvm;/



tJ'Dawmh roifhrwifh jzpfaeMuwJh tareJY tazudk om;orD;vkyfwJh vlawGu jyefwnfh apcsifoavmuf tacsmif0if tydkifpD;vdkwJht&yfysufru jr§LqG,f&if; ..

]]&Sifhrdef;ru bmvkyfaejyefNyD? b,foleJY bmjzpfaejyefNyD? &Sifhudkoem;vdkY ajymwm? tckqdk,if &Sifh taMumif; b,fvdk twif;avQmufajymaewmbJ? usrjzifh &Sifhtpm; emusnf;vGef;vdkY}}qdkwmrsdK;awGudk &yfod½Gmod wdkif;odjynfod cyfajymifajymif vkyfaewmbJr[kwfvm;/

uJ .. tJ'gawG xm;ygawmh cifAsm/ usaemf AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;atmifBuD; qDudk oGm;awGYwJh taMumif; &Sif;jyyghr,f/

&Jabmf&Jbuf vkyfazmfudkifzuf qdk,if AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;atmifBuD;udk rqdkxm;eJY ocifpdk;BuD;udkvJ oGm;awGYvdkufao;w,f cifAs/

usaemf ocifpdk;BuD;udk oGm;awGYwJh tcsdefrSm OD;odef;azjrifhomtem;rSm &Sd,if &Jabmf&Jbufpdwf qdkwm 'Dvdkygvm;vdkY oabmaygufvmvdrfhr,f xifw,f/

usaemf oGm;awGYwJh tcsdefrSm ocifpdk;BuD;[m tdyfa&;uvJysufxm;? 0rf;awGuvJ oGm;aevdkY n§dK;nd§K;rSdefrSdef jzpfaew,f cifAs/

ol[m yufvuf ukvm;xdkifay:rSm pm;p&m wckudk ikHYNyD;pm;aeqJtayguf0u rajr§mfvifhbJ &yfvmwJh usaemfhudkvJ jrifa&m ..

]]a[; .. rif; ...}}

qdkyD; ukvm;xdkifay:u aigufueJ xvdkufw,f cifAs/ yD;awmhusaemf &Sd&mudk avQmufvmNyD; usaemfh vufudk qkyfxm;w,f cifAs/



ESpfa,mufom; awmfawmfeJY pum; rajymEdkifMubJ wa,mufrsufESm wa,mufMunfhNyD; puúefY okH;q,favmuf Nidrfae Muw,f cifAs/

'DtcsdefrSm ocifpdk;BuD;[m rdrd vwfwavm cHpm;ae&wJha&m*gawGudka&m? *syefudk wdkufaeqJ ae&mwdkif;rSm tBuD;tus,f oabmuGJvGJ cJhMu&wm awGudka&m? vufeufawGudk vkMuvdkY tBudwfte,f&efjzpfcJh&wm awGudka&m? tJ'gawG tm;vkH;udk arhNyD; ..

ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm uGJae&wJh 'dkY twlwuG wdkufazmfwdkufzufaoazmfeJY awGYqkH&jyef ygNyDaumvdkY ..

rsufESm wckvkH; 0if;xdefvmatmif MunfEl;0rf;ajrmuf aewmbJcifAs/

yD;awmh - usaemfwdkY[m wa,muf rsufESmudk wa,muf r0Edkifatmif Munfh&if; ..

]]cifAsm; yg;a&awG eJeJ avsmhvmayr,fh ½kyfrysufzl;}}

]]at;-rif;uawmh acgif;jzL vmwmu vGJ&if vSvdkY 0vdkYygvm;uG}

]]usaemf t&ufaomufvGef;vdkY acgif;jzLoGm;wm? tckvJ tdrfu ]aomuf} vmcJhao;w,fav ..}}

]]a[ .. [kwfvm;/ rif; t&if odyfNyD; xdef;odrf;wJhvlyg? 'grsdK;rMum;bl;cJh &ygvm;/ tck b,fvdk jzpf&wmwkef;}}

]][dkwkef;u wm0ef xrf;aqmifae&wJh tcsdef cifAs/ tckawmhusaemf vGwfvyfaebD}}



ocifpdk;BuD;[m reuf apmapmpD;pD; usaemfhudk ]&rf} wykvif;eJY{nfhcHvdkuf&Smw,f cifAs/

usaemfeJY awGYqkH pum;ajym ae&wJh tcsdefrSm ol[m BuD;av;wJhEdkifiHa&; wm0efBuD;awGawmif acgif;ay:u usoGm; ayghoGm;ovdk [dkpOfuwa,mufeJY wa,muf cscJhMuykH uav;awGudk &,fp&m tjzpf ajymyD;wem&D ausmfausmfavmuf waomaom &,fcJhMuw,f cifAs/

aemufyD; OD;odef;azjrifh&JU vSnfhuGufudk b,fvdk cHvdkufcJh&w,fqdkwJh taMumif;vJ &,f&,farmarm ajymjyvdkufao;w,f/

w½kyf? jyifopf? ½koQm; wdkif;jynf okH;cku oabmw&m; a&;&mt,ltq pmtkyfpmwrf; awGudk arSmifcsNyD; ba&muf'g 0g' wrsdK;xJ,loGif;vmykHawG tJ'gawGudk ajymMu &,fMuaygh/

tJ'g &Jabmf&Jbuf pdwfyJ cifAs/ tJ usaemfeJY ocifpdk;BuD;[mtJ'D tcsdefrSm tm;vkH; udpö0dpöawGudk arhNyD; MunfEl;csrf;ajrY aeMuw,fav/

'gawGudk axmuf&if usaemf AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;qDudkoGm;awGYw,f qdkwm bmqef;ovJ/

wu,fawmh usaemf AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; qDudkoGm;awGYbdkY BuHpnfwm MumNyD cifAs ..

yD;awmh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;eJY twl wv? ESpfvaer,f/ pmaytaMumif;? ½kyf&SiftaMumif;? yef;csDtaMumif;awG ajymr,f?jiif;r,f/

AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; pdwfMunfom aysmf½TifwJh tcsdefrsdK;eJYqkHqD;wdkif; &Jabmf&JbufawG&JU vkyfief;cGifudk jzpfwJhenf;eJY jyef0ifbdkYwdkufwGef;r,f/ tJ'gu usaemfh &nf½G,fcsuf/



'gayr,fh usaemfhrSm tJ'Dvdk vkyfzdkY tcsdeftm; r&bl;?reufpmreuf npmn &SmazG pm;ae&wJh tcsdef? a&;vufp pmawGudkaeYpOf ay;ae&wJh tcsdef cifAs/

'gaMumifh okH;q,fu pmay a[majymyGJudk oGm;&if; AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;eJY wntdyfyJ tEdkifEdkif awGYvm&w,f cifAs/

tJ'D AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; eJY AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;qdkwm[mvJ a';'&J oJukef;rSm &Spfq,favmuf&SdwJh *syefwyfu vm0dkif;awmh wa,mufvufudk wa,muf touftyfNyD; twlwl pGeffYpm;xGufvmcJhMu &wJh &Jabmf&Jbuf cifAs/

'D &Jabmf&Jbuf 2 OD;[m ,kHMunfcsufjcif; rwlMuvdkY tcktcdkuftwefY pdwf0rf;uGJ aeMuayrifh vlcsif; bmrS rjzpfzl;/ wu,fawmhwa,muf&JU ,kHMunfcsufudk wa,mufu tavQmhay;NyD; vdkufembdkYb,fawmhrS rcJ,Of;bl; cifAs ..

tJ - wckawmh &Sdw,f/

i,fwJhtrI BuD;atmif? BuD;wJhtrI ajz&Sif;vdkY r&atmiftBudrfBudrf txyfxyf xyfNyD; ab;wD;ay;aer,fh OD;odef;azjrifhwdkYvdkolawmfaumif; oljrwfavmif;awG ESpfOD; ESpfzufvkH;&JU ywf0ef;usifrSm&SdaeMur,f qdk,ifawmh jyefvnfaygif;pyf EdkifbdkY cJ,Of;csif cJ,Of;raygh/

usaemf wa,muf taeeJY qEúawmh wcsdefu usaemfwdkYr,kHMunfcJhwJh vkyfief;pOfudk zqyvawG vkyfzdkY &SpfESpfavmuf rsufESmvTJcJhMuw,f/ vdkufavsm ulnD cJhMuw,f/

tck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;wdkY usaemfwdkY ,kHMunfwJh vkyfief;udkr,kHMunfwJh zqyveJY txl;ojzifh udkatmifBuD;wdkY? udkarmifarmifwdkYu0dkif;0dkif;0ef;0ef; vdkufavsm vkyfudkif ay;apcsifw,f/



tJ'Dvdk 0dkif;0ef;ay;wmudk AdkvfcsKyfae0if;uvJ BudKufovdkuefYowfcsuf xm;NyD; vufcHvdkuf apcsifw,f/ tJ'g[m usaemfh qE´ ..

usaemfwdkY ajr§mfvifh &nfrSef;xm;wJh acwfopfBuD;udk xlaxmifaeMu&wJh tcsdefrSm awGYBuHKvm&r,fh tcuftcJ trsdK;rsdK;udk &ifqdkifEdkifbdkY'D &Jabmf&Jbufa[mif; awGeJY pnf;pnf;vkH;vkH; &SdapcsifwJh twGuf usaemf[m wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;BuD; jzpf&r,fvdkY pGyfpGJcsifw,f qdk,ifvJpGyfpGJMuayawmh cifAs/

eufjzefrS tqkH;owfuav;udk qufMuygOD;pdkY/





tck usaemfhay;pmudk zwfvm,if;eJY OD;odef;azjrifh eJY usaemfb,fvdkrS rwlnDwJh jcm;em;csufawG &Sdaew,f qdkwm OD;odef;azjrifhodaumif;ygNyD/

tJ'Dawmh OD;odef;azjrifh pdwfxJrSm ]]'Dtaumif igBudK;yrf; aeovdkwm0efcHol wm0ef&SdolawG vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeavrvm;}} vdkYrpdk;&drfygeJY ..

OD;odef;azjrifh odxm;zdkYu tJ'Dvdk tvkyfrsdK;awGudk udk,fa&;wJhyef;csDum;udk Munfh&if; aomufvdkuf&wJh t&uf wcGufavmuf wefbdk;rxm;bl; cifAs/

tJ'gudk usaemfh &Jabmf&JbufawGeJY taygif;toif; tm;vkH;uodxm;Muw,f/

'DtxJrSm OD;odef;azjrifhu vufsmqdk&S,fvpfyJ? wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm;yJvdkY pGyfpGJawmh tpif;od jzpfMuwJh usaemfh &Jabmf&JbufawGtbdkY jyufvkH;wckvdk jzpfaerSmaygh cifAs/

'gayr,fh usaemfh tbdkY wck owdxm;rdvmw,f/

]tqdyf vufeuf&Sdaom owå0g[m rdrd &&Sdxm;wJh tqdyfvufeufeJY wyg;olwdkYtm; tNrJ&efvdk aeovdk ..}



owif;pm wapmif &xm;wJh OD;odef;azjrifh[mvJ tJ'D &xm;wJhowif;pm vufeufeJY jrifjrif&m&mudk tNrJ &efvdkaewmvJ ..

ta&;rBuD; vSao;bl; cifAs/

OD;odef;azjrifh[m tJ'D &xm;wJh vufeufeJY usaemfwdkYudkvJ a&;?wdkif;jynftwGuf trsdK;om;twGuf ajzmifhajzmifhrSefrSef apwemoefoefeJYvJ a&; ..

a&;om a&;yg/

Armjynf twGuf arG;vmwJh Armwkdif;&if;om; wa,muf taeeJYArmjynftbdkY a&;ayap? csayap? aqmfayap? wwyfwtm;bJ? 'gudkcGifhvTwf&r,f/

tckawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m tJ'Dvdk wdkif;jynftwGuf½dk;½dk;om;om; apwem&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfrsdK; r[kwfawmhbl;/

ckdifvkHwJh taxmuftxm;eJY xif[yf Munfh&r,f qdk,if -

ppfBuD;twGif;u tdE´d,rSm zGifhxm;wJh tufpftdktD; ac:wJhNAdwdoQ olvQdKXmeu rpöwm bwfwm;pfbdkif; wdkY&JU vufatmufrSm?vcpm; tjzpfeJY trIxrf;vmcJhwJh OD;odef;azjrifh[m ..

tufpftD;tdkif ac:wJh yOörHwyfom; twwfoifausmif;rSmwdkif;jynftwGuf toufpGefYvdk aewJh ArmhrsdK;cspf vli,fuav;awGudkydkYay;cJhNyD; -

ppfajy; NAdwdoQwdkY&JU tvdkus yOörHwyfom; uav;rsm;&JUb0a&mufatmif tay:,Hu EdkifiHa&; zkH;tkyfNyD; ..

oifwef;q&m wa,muf taeeJY oifMum;cJh? odrf;oGif;cJh/



ppfajy; NAdwdoQ tpdk;& twGuf rIdif;wdkuf ay;cJhbl; ovdk ..

tckvJ Armh EdkifiHa&;orm;BuD; OD;odef;azjrifh[m vuf0J EdkifiHBuD;wEdkifiH twGuf wynfhvufom; tpkHtvifeJY ..

tJ'D vuf0J EdkifiHBuD;&JU tusdK;udk qkvmbf,lyD; o,fydk;aqmif½Gufay; aejyefNyDvdkY od&w,f cifAs ../

xif&Sm;wJh taxmuftxm; uawmh ..

tck yl;wGJ azmfjyvdkufwJh bavmuf "mwfykHbJ/

(t*Fvdyfpm ESifh pmtkyfrS wrsufESm?(t*Fvdyfpm ESifh pmtkyfrS wrsufESm?(t*Fvdyfpm ESifh pmtkyfrS wrsufESm?(t*Fvdyfpm ESifh pmtkyfrS wrsufESm?

bavmuf odyfrxif&Sm;yg)bavmuf odyfrxif&Sm;yg)bavmuf odyfrxif&Sm;yg)bavmuf odyfrxif&Sm;yg)

tJ'D bavmuf "mwfykHyg pmudk? Armvdk jyefvdkuf,if ..

jrefrmjynf&Sd ( .. .. .. ) axmufvSrf;a&; tzGJUu? aqmif½Gufvsuf&Sdaom pmay vkyfief;rsm; teuf? wckaom vkyfief;rSm? uGefjrLepfvdkvm;aom (jrefrm) owif;pm r*¾Zif; trsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk csKyfudkif&efESifh?wdkuf½dkufaiGaMu; axmufyHh&ef jzpfonf/

trsm;tm;jzifh? xdk owif;pmESifh r*¾Zif;wdkYrSm? Mum;aea&; 0g'orm;rsm; toGif aqmif,lxm; aomfvnf;? pifppf xdkowif;pmr*¾Zif;wdkYonf ( .. .. .. ) 0g'udk ZGJaumif;aumif;ESifh jzefYcsD ay;aeMuonf/



þtcsufESifh ywfoufí? Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmay:aygufvm&onfh &mZ0ifrSm rSwfom;bdkY aumif;vS\/

1958 ckESpf? ESpfOD;ydkif;wGif (txufwef; oHt&m&Sd) ( .. .. .. )xHodkY? ArmolvQdKrsm;u ydkYvdkufaom pmaygif;rsm;pGmudk? uREkfyf (oH½kH;tzGJY0if vufatmuf t&m&Sd) u? bmomjyefay; &onf/

(xdkpmrsm; txJü) xif&Sm;aom? (jrefrmolvQdK) vuf0Jorm;tcsdKUu? rdrdwdkY udk,fydkif owif;pm xkwfvdkygojzifh? aiGaMu;taxmuftyHh vdkaeaMumif;? xdkpmrsm;u qdkonf/

wvcefY &Sdaomtcg ..

]]igwdkYbufu vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHtm;ay;rnfh? Armowif;pmtopf wapmif? rMumrD xGufay: vmvdrfhrnf}} [k -

tm;& 0ifh0gpGm (txufwef; oHt&m&Sd) ( .. .. .. ) u? uREkfyftm;ajymonf/

]]tJ'D owif;pm xGufvmawmh? rif; apmifhMunfhvdkufprf;}} [kuREkfyftm; qufí ajymao;onf/

(txufwef; oHt&m&Sd) ( .. .. .. ) ajymonfh twdkif;? rMumrD ]Adkvfwaxmif aeYpOfowif;pm} xGufay: vmygawmhonf/

yxrqkH; xGufuwnf;u? Adkvfwaxmif owif;pmonf( .. .. ) \ ]vefMuKyf} owif;rsm;udk xnfhoGif; azmfjyay;onf/

uJ .. tJ'g[m? urÇmudk jzefYcsDNyD; xkwfa0vdkufwJh pmtkyfwtkyfu azmfjyyg "mwfykH bavmuf twdkif;? pmrsufESm (178) rSmygvmcsufudk Armvdk jyefqdk azmfjy vdkufwmbJ cifAs ../



tu,fvdkY 'Dpmtkyfu r[kwf rw&m; a&;xm;w,f qdk,if?tjynfjynfqdkif&m w&m;½kH;rSm Adkvfwaxmifu w&m;pGJ ypfvdkufaygh ../tckvuf&Sd Adkvfwaxmif wdkufrsdK; q,fvkH;pm avmufawmh avsmfaMu;&vmEdkifw,f cifAs ../

usaemf awGYae&wmawmh 'Dpmtkyf xGufvmcJhwm tawmfcsnf;MumaecJhayr,fh? Adkvfwaxmifu rodcsifa,mif jyKaecJhw,f ../

OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; .. tcktwdkif;om qdk,ifawmh?OD;odef;azjrifh vufudkif &&Sdxm;wJh owif;pmwdkufBuD;[m -

awGY&mjrif&mudk &efolozG,f wdkufcdkufaejcif;aMumifh? b,fvdkrSwdkif;jynfudk rxdcdkuf Edkifayr,fh ../

tJ'D owif;pmwdkufBuD;[m? olwyg; wdkif;jynf olwyg;tusdK;twGuf Armvli,f ArmrsdK;cspf uav;rsm;udk? olvQdKtjzpf arG;jrLpka0;&m? odrf;oGif;zGJYpnf;&m ae&mwck jzpfaewmawmh rlrSef qdk&S,fvpfvuf0Jorm;BuD; wa,muftzdkY roifhawmfbl;vdkY xifw,f cifAs ../

aemufwckuvJ OD;odef;azjrifh&JU vufeufaumif;wck jzpfwJh ]qGJcsowif;pmBuD;} [m ..

owif;pmwdkuf wnfaxmifay;wJh? aiG&SifaMu;&SifawG&JU owif;?aiG&SifaMu;&SifawG&JU taMumif;awGudk OD;odef;azjrifh BudKufovdk a&;EdkifxnfhEdkifygw,f/

Oyrm ..? 18.9.63 aeY Adkvfwaxmif acgif;BuD;ydkif;rSm ygwJh ..

]] .. qdk&S,fvpf,leD,H trSL;&Sdaom qdk&S,fvpf tiftm;pkrsm;\vlom;qefaom oabmxm;onf? ,cktcg vlom;w&yfvkH;\toJESvkH;udk qGJudkifxm;ovdk jzpfonf/ qdk&S,fvpf tusdK; jzpfay:rIonf?vlom;w&yfvkH;\ tusdK;jzpfay:rI jzpfaeNyD[k qdk&avmufatmif



tajctae aumif;rGefaeonfh taetxm;rsdK;wGif vlYb0udk wefbdk;xm;&rSef; rodbJ? rsufarG;wqkH;om MunfhNyD; rdkuf½l;&J vkyfvdkaom w½kyfygwDacgif;aqmifrsm;\ vrf;aMumif;udk qdk&S,fvpfa&; tiftm;pk {&mrtrsm;pkBuD;u4if;? odrf;BuHK; rsm;jym;vSaom vlom; {&mrtrsm;pkBuD;u4if;? ESmacgif;½IHU aeMuNyD ..}}

qdkwmrsdK;awGudk OD;odef;azjrifh BudKufovdk a&;Edkifw,f cifAs ../

'gayr,fh 21.9.63 aeYu ]]Auy pOf;pm; apcsifygonf}} qdkwJhacgif;BuD;rsdK;eJY a&;wmrsdK;? OD;odef;azjrifh &JU owif;pmrsdK;u a&;wm vkH;0roifhawmfbl; xifw,fcifAs/

aqmif;yg; wckvkH;udk NcHKzwfvdkuf,if? Auy yDuif;aemufvdkufvJ r[kwfygvdkY ajzoGm;ayr,fh? jELu&D;,m; vufeufprf;oyfrI ydwfyifa&; pmcsKyf? w½kyf tdE´d, e,fpyf jyóem wdkYESifhywfoufNyD; ajzMum;&mrSm yDuif; &yfwnfcsuf twdkif; awGY&aMumif;?oifhovdk ajzoGm;,if;? armfpudkeJY jzpfap? yDuif;eJY jzpfap wlnDoGm;&onf[k ,lq Edkifayr,fh yDuif; aemufvdkufoufouf r[kwfyg[kajzxm;ayyr,fh? OD;odef;azjrifh tzdkY MunfMunfvifvif r&SdvSaomfvnf;? 'Dtwdkif; vufcH xm;&aMumif; qdkwmawG ..

aemuf taMumif;aMumif;udk rdrd wdkif;jynfa&;&m twGufMunfhNyD;? qdk&S,fvpf wdkif;jynf toD;oD; wdkY[m? yDuif;buf ygolyg?armfpudkbuf ygolyg jzpfMuovdk? usaemfwdkYvnf; udk,fhwdkif;jynf ta&;udk,fMunfhMu&r,f jzpfaMumif;eJY qG,fvmNyD; -

]]w½kyfjynfolY orwEdkifiHonf? 4if;udk,fEIdufu? pD;yGm;a&;tm;jzifh wu,f zlvkHaeNyD r[kwf&um;? tjcm; EdkifiHrsm;tm; qdk&S,fvpfpD;yGm;a&; xlaxmif&ef twGuf? wu,f tvkH;t&if; ESifh pD;yGm;a&;tultnD ay;Edkifonfh tajctae r&Sday../ ukefvkyf twwfynm



wGifvnf; wu,f acwfrSDao;onf r[kwf&um; ..}} bm? nm eJYa&;NyD;awmhrS ..

wu,f tultnD ay;Edkifonfh bufESifhom rdrd wdkif;jynftusdK;udk Munfhí usifhBuH vdkufemoifhonfvdkY Mo0g'ay;w,f/

tJ'gudk? tJ'Dvdk qG,fvdkufwmudk? zkH;zdvdkufwJh oabmeJY? ]]Auy[m? yDuif; aemufvdkufvJ r[kwf/ armfpudk aemufvdkufvJr[kwfyJ? oD;jcm; uif;vGwfw,f qdkwJh twGuf? 'Dtwdkif; wu,f&yfwnf Edkifygap}} qdkyD; tqkH;owfxm;w,f ..

OD;odef;azjrifh&JU owif;pmudk? EdkifiHa&; rsufvkH;&SdwJh vlrsdK;awGuzwfMunfhvdkufr,f qdk,if? tJ'Dvdk r½kd;om;wJh qG,fcsuf? wGef;csuf?owif;vkyfcsufawGudk trsm;csnf;vJ awGYEdkifw,f cifAs? tNrJwrf;vJawGYEdkifw,f cifAs/

tJ'Dawmh OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; ..

OD;odef;azjrifh taeeJY? usaemfwdkYudk qJcsifvJ qJyg/ wdkufcsifvJwdkufyg/ vufsm qdk&S,fvpfyJ? wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;bJvdkY?pGyfpGJcsifvJ pGyfpGJyg ../

yD;awmh? owif;pmwdkuf xnfaxmif ay;xm;wJh aiG&SifaMu;&SifawG&JU owif;? aiG&SifaMu;&SifawG&JU taMumif;awGudk ]]olYqefpm; &JrS}}qdkovdk? OD;odef;azjrifh BudKufwJh twdkif; NcD;ajr§mufvdku NcD;ajr§mufyg?xdyfay:wifvdku xdyfay:wifyg/

'gayrifh? olvdkigvdk? ½dk;½dk;t&yfom; rsdK;cspfArm wa,muftaeeJYbJ OD;odef;azjrifhudk usaemf awmif;yef vdkwmu ..

urÇmY vuf0JpkBuD; 2 ck wdkY tckvdk tqifrajy jzpfae&onfhtcsdeftcgrsdK;rSm? qdk&S,fvpf EdkifiH wnfaxmifrnfh Armjynf twGuf ..



tvif;odkY a&mufvm yl;aygif;Muawmhr,fh vuf0J tiftm;pkawGudk ..

BudKwifqG,fjcif;? vrf;aMumif;ay;jcif;? Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif; ponfhoabm ouf0ifonfh ta&;tom;rsdK; jyKvkyfjcif; tm;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkvJ ysufjym;apEdkif ygw,f/ Armjynf&JU Mum;ae0g' udkvJ xdcdkufapEdkifygw,f cifAsm; ../

'gaMumifh wdkif;jynfudk oem;aom tm;jzifh -

Arm opömazmufwdkY&JU olvQdK owif;pmrsdK; jzpfapumrl ..

'Dvdk udpö&yfrsdK;awGrSm wdkif;jynfpdwf? vlrsdK;pdwf oefYoefYxm;NyD;?0ifa&muf pGufzufjcif;? ab;wD;jcif;? qG,fjcif; ponfwdkY rjyKbJ -

usaemfwdkYudk trsdK;rsdK; pGyfpGJ ykwfcwfaejcif;xuf -

rdrdudk,f rdrd opöm&Sd olcdk; "m;jywdkY xkHavmufudk ESvkH;rlyD; -

opöm&Sd olvQdKtjzpf &yfwnfyg&ef taMumif; jyefMum;vdkufygonf cifAsm;/

&efukefbaq&efukefbaq&efukefbaq&efukefbaq GG GG26-9-6326-9-6326-9-6326-9-63


Documents

ရန္ကုန္ဘေဆြ - မွ ဦးသိန္းေဖျမင့္သို႕ အိတ္ဖြင့္ေပးစာ