2009--1

View Mars by Hubble Space TelescopeFlight into Mariner Valley

603817 1960~1975 1964~19711975-121976~199217198811992~19921996 21/

NASA

2009-2020

200920112013201620182020MSLScoutGround Breaking (GBMSR)ScoutScoutMSLScoutScoutScoutMSLScoutMSR with RoverScoutMSLScoutGround Breaking (GBMSR)Scout

ESA Aurora Aurora2033

21 1 2 3 4 5

12

40

10-6CO2N240ArO2COH2O95.32.70.60.130.070.0339ArNeKrXeO352.530.080.040.2

61035Km -33o100o17o-22o-123o- -133o

65851600

Olympus55025

5S, 297E, 2004-03-26, by G. Neukum

Mssbauer spectra show jarositeOpportunity/MRO, 2004-03-02small-scale cross bedding

Concentrations of Mg, Al, Cl and Br versus S in rocks and soils indicates water alteration L. A. Haskin et al., 2005, Nature Letters, Vol. 436

10W2E5N6STES hematite abundance, is overlain on a daytime THEMISChristensen et al., 2001, JGR

Mars Hematite

The change of CO2 and H2O ice in North Polar

MARS ICE

Martian north polar layered deposits

Fishbaugh, 2006, JGR

Colour view of crater with water ice(70.5 N,103 E, 35 Km wide, 2 km depth, 15 m/pixel)2 Feb. 2005, from G. Neukum

Nanedi VallisParana Valles

Olympica Fossae, 25.98N, 113.18W , http://www.msss.com/moc_gallery/ 2001-02-152000-03-19

Gullies in Newton Basin (MOC2-320 )39.0S, 166.1WNASA/JPL, 2002-10-07

Gullies Formation mechanismMGS_88923, 65S,15 W, NASA/JPL, 1997-12-29

Groundwater sapping Nirgal vallisJaumann, Reiss, 2002Recent (few Myr) outflow from Cerberus fossaeBurr et al., GRL, 2002

Colour nadir view of Nicholson Crater (100Km wide, 0.0 S, 195.5E, 15.3 m/pixel)

Hock, 2004

2.23, 356.75, MOC Release No. MOC2-316, 2002-06-27 Partially-Exhumed Crater in Northern Terra Meridiani

West Arabia Terra, 8N, 7W MOC Release No. MOC2-261, 2000-10-4 Terra Meridiani mesas, 16.87, 331.23MOC Release No. M20-01357, 2000-10-23

Eberswalde Delta, MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-1225, 2005-09-20In northeast of Holden Crater near 24.0S, 33.7W

Water Alteration at Gusev Crater Rocks in the Gusev Crater show evidence for interaction with waterhighly elevated levels of S, Cl, K, P, Br basaltic chemistry, but highly oxidized and lacking in primary basaltic minerals, IR spectrum fit well by basaltic glassgoethite ( FeO(OH), Hydrated Iron Oxide )fine to coarse layered sedimentsSpirit landing site

MGS

MGS TES Basalt MapBasalt (Type 1 spectra) concentrated in Southern HighlandsBandfield et al. (2000), Hamilton et al. (2001)

MGS TES Andesite MapAndesite (type 2 spectra) appears concentrated in Northern Lowlands, but also intermixed with basalt in Southern Highlands.Bandfield et al. (2000), Hamilton et al. (2001)

Distribution of the HCPs and LCPs on Mars (Bibring et al. Science, vol. 307, 2005)OMEGA confirms the TES mapping of HCPs, obtained at moderate (>3 km) resolution, identifies LCPs at higher resolution (

1997X

+++ ----++-----

Apollo(3300)10-9 T 32

3219

14%25%37%

--

[McKay, 1996 #82] (PAHs)[McKay, 1996 #82] (biofilm)

-

20122017

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