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语法精讲与样题分析语法精讲与样题分析

主讲：魏晓鹏主讲：魏晓鹏

词汇词汇：：根据考试大纲的要求，考生应认知 3000 个单词，并熟练掌握其中的 1800 个单词及其基本的搭配。 主要涉及到名词、动词、动词短语、形容词、副词的近义词、同义词、近形词之间的辨析，词的搭配及惯用法。

语法语法：：根据考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加以应用。

语法结构部分主要涉及到从句、不定式、分词、动名词、虚拟语气等基本语法结构。

题型介绍题型介绍：主要考查语言、词汇、习语和语法方面的系统知识。特点：一题多个考点，对综合能力提出更高的要求。

词汇与结构词汇与结构： 选择题和完型题

选择题选择题：： 15 个小题，包括语法和词汇。

语法精讲与样题分析

一、特殊句式 二、名词性从句 三、定语从句 四、状语从句

一、特殊句式

（一）强调句、倒装句

（二）命题趋势与复习策略

强调句和倒装句 （一）考点聚焦：焦点 1 强调句 1 、基本句型： It is/was+ 被强调部分 +that/who/whom+ 其它成分 53. It was not until she had arrived home _______ remembered her appointment with the doctor. (test 1) A. when she B. that she C. and she D. she

B

2 、强调谓语 It is/was…+that… 结构不能强调谓语，如需要强调谓语时，用助动词 do 、 does 或 did.

焦点 2 倒装句 1 、完全倒装

用于“ here (there, now, then” + 不及物动词 + 主语的句型，或以 out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句型，如： Look! Here comes the bus.

So, nor, neither 开头的句子，表示前面所的情况也适用于另一人或物，前后句的时态、形式应保持一致。

2 、部分倒装 1 ）否定副词如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, 以及含有 no, not 的短语放在句首时，句子须部分倒装。

52. Hardly ever ____ get a good job these days without a good education. (test 2)

A. people might B. people canC. do people D. have people

53. Nowhere else in the world ____ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland. (test 2)

A. you can find B. is foundC. can you find D. has been found

c

c

2 ）以否定词开头的关联结构 : No sooner … than, Hardly/scarcely…when, Not only…but also

48. In no circumstance _________. (test 4)A. smoking should be allowed on the campusB. should smoking be allowed on the campus C. should smoking allowed on the campus

D. should smoking allow on the campus

b

55. Not only are cars involved in most of the traffic accidents, but they also ____ to the pollution of the air. (test 5)

A. contributes B. promoteC. refer D. matter

a

3 ）当 only 置于句首时修饰状语时，句子要部分倒装，如： Only in this way can we learn English well.

4 ）由 as/though 引导的让步状语从句，从句形成倒装，如：

Child as he was, he could speak five languages.

Hard as you work, you can’t support your family.

Try as you do, you will ever win.

二）命题趋势及复习策略

1 、加大知识类题目的结构复杂程度和句意理解难度，注重考查知识之间相互交叉的现象，加强了综合考查语法知识的力度。

复习策略 1 、加强语法专项练习，尤其是强调和倒装两部分，一定要反复练习，确保记忆的准确和全面。

2 、不可对语法条目进行单纯的机械记忆，理解才是学好语法的关键，尤其是在知识之间出现交叉的地方，更要注重理解，认真对照，找出差异，以求举一反三，融会贯通。

二、名词性从句

（一）名词性从句的关联词及样题分析

（二）命题趋势和复习策略

名词性从句包括：名词性从句包括：

主语从句主语从句

宾语从句 宾语从句 名词性从句 名词性从句 表语从句表语从句

同位语从句同位语从句

一）名词性从句关联词一）名词性从句关联词：： 3 类。

11 、从属连词、从属连词：： that, whether, if

that ：没有具体意义，除在宾语从句中可省略外，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略。 whether and if ：引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句用 whether, 引导宾语从句两者皆可，但从句中如有 or 时，常用 whether 。如：

55. They claim that ____ 1,000 factories closed down during economic crisis. (Test 4) A. sufficiently B. approximately C. considerably D. properly

b

57. I leave it to your own judgment ___ you should do it. ( 直通车模拟自测 15) A. that B. which C. whether D. what

c

22 、连接代词、连接代词：： who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever

注意： 1 ）从句必须用陈述句的语序； 2 ）若连接代词在从句中作主语，可用疑问句的语序； 3 ） what 表示“所……的”时，相当于先行词加关系代词。如：

48. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders______ will happen to her private live. (Test 1) A. how B. who C. what D. that

52. I’m very grateful to you for what you’ve given me and ____ you have done for me. (Test 1) A. which B. that C. all what D. all that

c

d

53. _____ is no reason for dismissing him. (Test 4) A. Because he was a few minutes B. Owing to a few minutes being late C. The fact that he was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late

c

33 、连接副词、连接副词：： when, where, why, hwhen, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, howeverow, whenever, wherever, however

注意： 1 ）从句必须用陈述句的语序； 2 ）引导同位语从句的连接副词不能省略，如：I have no idea when / how he will come back.

特别注意： 1 、 wh-ever 与 no matter wh- wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而 no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句，如：

He would believe whatever I said.

51. He’s determined to finish the job ___ long it takes. (Test 2) A. no matter B. however C. wherever D. whatever

B

特别注意： 2 、“ wh-ever 与 no matter wh-” 引起的让步从句可以互换，如：

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

No matter who you are, you must keep the law.

Whoever you are, you must keep the law.

二）命题趋势和复习策略 1 、名词性从句与强调句型和其它从句融合起来进行综合考查，即考查了学生基本知识的掌握运用能力，又考查了考生分析句式结构，辨析从句的能力。 2 、 wh- 词语与 wh-ever 词语的比较考查仍是命题的热点。 3 、名词性从句的糅合考查与名词从句同其它从句的辨析考查。如： however 与 no matter how 等之类的辨析也是命题者的关注点。

复习策略 1 、掌握基础，分清什么是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句以及同位语从句。

2 、在比较中学习，掌握不同引导词用法。

3 、掌握名词性从句并熟悉 it 的用法。

三、定语从句

1 、常用关系词及用法2 、限制性和非限制性定语从句

（一）考点聚焦：看看考什么

（二）命题趋势与复习策略3 、定语从句的难点

焦点 1 ：常用关系词及用法关系代词关系代词 // 副词副词 先行词先行词 在从句中的作用在从句中的作用

whowho 指人指人 作主语作主语

whomwhom 指人指人 作宾语（可略）作宾语（可略）

whosewhose 指人或物指人或物 作定语作定语

thatthat 指人或物指人或物 作主语作主语 // 宾语宾语

whichwhich 指物指物 作主语作主语 // 宾语宾语

when=in/at/on +whichwhen=in/at/on +which 表示时间的名词表示时间的名词 作时间状语作时间状语

where=in/on/at +whichwhere=in/on/at +which 表示地点的名词表示地点的名词 作地点状语作地点状语

WhyWhy （（ =for + which=for + which ）） reasonreason 作原因状语作原因状语

焦点 2 ：限制性与非限制性定语从句46. TOEFL is a test for students ____ native language is not English. (test 2) A. that B. of whom C. whose D. which

c

49. He studied hard in his youth, ____ contri-buted to his great success in later life. (test 2) A. that B. it C. what D. which

d

焦点 3 ：定语从句的难点

1 、当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词 which ，也可以用关系代词 that ，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词 that ， 而不用 which:

①当先行词是不定代词： all,much, little, something, everything, anything 等时

② 当先行词前面有： only, any, few, little, all, no 等时

③ 当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高及时： This is the best book that I have ever read.

④ 当先行词是序数词或它的前面有序数词时： What is the first American film that you have seen?

2 、定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。

48. This article deals with the natural pheno-menon which_____ most interesting to everyone. (test 2) A. are B. is C. they are D. it is

b

3 、 as 引导的定语从句：常用于 such as…, the same as… 或 as we all know, as is known to all 。

4 、“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句，如：

47. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I ___ of hunger. A. would be died B. would die C. would have died D. will die test 2

c

二）命题趋势及复习策略 1 、定语从句是各类测试必考的热点，尤其是非限制性定语从句更是命题的重中之重。

2 、定语从句与强调句型、同位语从句融合在一起进行考查，这样既考查句式结构的辨析能力，又能考查关系词与其他连词的区分运用能力。

复习策略1 、理清关系代词和关系副词及它们各自的用法，是学好定语从句的关键。2 、弄清 that 与 which 的区别及限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。

3 、形势上仍会以单项选择为主，完型填空、阅读理解中的长句理解为辅，对定语从句进行综合运用考查。

四、状语从句 九大类

状语从句

时间状语从句 地点状语从句

原因状语从句

目的状语从句

条件状语从句 结果状语从句让步状语从句

比较状语从句

方式状语从句

焦点 1 时间状语从句与地点状语从句

一）考点聚焦：看看考什么

1 、时间状语从句 when, as, while, before, after, since, till (until), hardly…when 等

53. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago ， they ____ better health. (test 6)

A. could have enjoyed B. had enjoyed C. have been enjoying D. are enjoying

c

焦点 2 原因状语从句 常用 because, since 和 as 引导

焦点 3 条件状语从句与方式状语从句 1 、条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as等注意：条件状语从句的时态规律和 if 引导名词性从句的区别

46. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ___ for her examina-tion. (test 1) A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared

c

50. If the building project ____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction com-pany will be fined. (test 3) A. being completed B. is complete C. to be completed D. completed

2 、方式状语从句 as, as if, as though

c

焦点 4 目的状语从句与结果状语从句 1 、目的状语从句 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case 等

2 、结果状语从句 so that, so( such)…that, 等 46. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ____ the police. (test 4) A. called in B. calling in C. call in D. to call in

d

焦点 5 让步状语从句与比较状语从句 1 、让步状语从句 though, although, even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter+ 疑问词等

2 、比较状语从句 as…as, than, not so … as, the more …the more 等

二）命题趋势及复习策略 1 、时间状语从句、条件状语从句，主句与从句的时态考查是状语从句中考查的重点之一。 2 、状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较、状语从句与定语从句的引导词的辨析也是考查点。 3 、 wh-ever 一类引导词与 no matter wh-一类引导词的不同用法也是状语从句考查的焦点。

复习策略 1 、应具备全面的状语从句知识，熟悉每个连词的含义和特征，尤其象 as, since这样的用法灵活的词；象 before, until, unless 这样不易掌握的词；象 as, when, while ；as, since, because ； if , even if 等这些不易区分的表达，一定要充分重视对他们的学习。2 、经验表明，收集一些结构复杂的长难句进行逻辑思维能力的专项训练是有益的、是必要的。