E1E

R
˜
- A* A* - - "2HH2 AA hGa - aA* U V A* - - δ
- A*
C@S_* g − 2f1.J E1E - ˜
- - - ˜
- C@S_* g − 2f1.J
E1E - -
RXR g − 2f1.J
C@S_* g − 2f1.J
g − 2 U1.JV
- g − 2
U"LGV (R)- (k) 3.7 σ

- - ˜ U6LGV "LG g − 2 1.J
- C@S_* "LG- 6LG g − 2 1.J
(j- 9)C@S_* g − 2f1.J R ˆ


C@S_* g−2f1.J- λ
- URV C@S_* - k8 >x - ˆ - U V
R RX9 J>x
1

1 ,
2 SACLA/SPring-8
SACLA[1, 2]/SPring-8[3, 4] , SPring-8 , 8 GeV X , 1997 10
SPring-8 , 1 GeV
, 8 GeV , SACLA SPring-8 X
(XFEL; X-ray Free Electron Laser) , 2012SACLA 8 GeV 400 m , X (300 m) X SPring-8 , 10 fs () X SACLA
SACLA
SACLASACLA
keV 20 keV XFEL , XFEL: BL2, BL3 , 2020 SPring-8 SACLA , , Soft-XFEL , SCSS+ (BL1)
2.2 XFEL
Emission (; SASE) XFEL, SASE OHO’13
[5],
, , 1/3
, −1/3 , 20-25 (50 m) , () 1π mm mrad, 10 kA SACLA , 1 ns, 1 A ,
47
k
φ

-
- ˜
- - ˜ C@S_* - -
λ- g − 2
R 8 Ι- - λˆ
- ˜
- C@S_* C@S_* g − 2f1.J ˜

8 Mb- 3RNk 40.96 µb ˆ g − 2
-
R C@S_* jyy J2ofc - (γτ) 6.6 µb
RX ˆ iBK2@ rHF - UyX8j JASV Μ - 8 Mb Ι
kX UafLV R8 Ι 1L* Reyy e−!C/2i = 30 T6
jX Ryy Mb
RX - ˜ - - η- λ-kUV
ˆ
- y R ˆ-
- ˆ
iBK2@rHF - 8 MbΙ U RXV- g − 2f1.J

k
C@S_* g − 2f1.J ˜
aHBh λ kyRe 9 E1E - C@S_* g − 2f1.J
- aHBhRk3 - Rk3 R ˆ
(3)R ˆ
- kUV - ˆ
ˆ aHBhRk3 - - iBK2@rHF RdXk Mb - (N)
48
j
k, UVˆ y R - - UV- U yV ˆ y R (d)
iBK2@rHF - aA* :2Mi9 - iBK2@rHF 8 Mb - R Mb R Ι iBK2@rHF λ

λ kyRe RR E1E - aHBh ϖ
j

- - λ aA* - */2M+2 *. - ˜ - - E1E o.1* - - *JPa ˆˆ - - ˆˆ
- iBK2@rHF aHBhRk3 ˆ - *. *JPa - aHBhRk3 - yXR3 µK *JPa - ˆ
- ˆ /22T Lr2HH Ξ - Λ - ˆ /22T Lr2HH- aHBhRk3 aA* - - UV - - ˜

- -
- -
49
9
-
- λ R U aHBhRk3* Vj aHBhRk3 - ˆ y R (d)j- ˆ -
- iBK2@rHF - kUV ˆ
y R
-j ˆ
- - RXk kX jX k ˜- - - aHBhkyRdh1: - - iBK2@rHF yX3 Mb (Ry)
9 ˜
aHBhkyRdh1: jk - Rk3
- aHBhRk3 ˆ - ˜ - ˜ aHBhRk3" - ˆ - - ˆ ˜
λ- aSA*1 ˆ- ˆ UV λ- ˆ- y R - aSA*1 - o2`BHQ; o>.G - 6S: aA* ˆ- - Rk3 6S: - - jk
Rk3 - - ˆ
o.1* GaA *. -˜ ˆ _hG ˆ-
- ˆ-
50
8
λ k Α
- JSq UJmHiB S`QD2+i q72`V - R k -
j - - JSq
9 JSq
9y - - 8-yyy Ι-
- ˆ

- - λJSq
kyRN 3 - RΞ-
- ˜ˆ aHBh *JPa
-η A_ - kyRN Rk - Rk3 ˆ aHBhRk3* -
8 aHBh - -
-
kaA* -
k UEmHB+F2bQ7 jdyy THmbV

χ- - χ j
U\V ˜

\ ˆ

XXX
\
XXX - A_
- λ
- aHBhRk3 - g− 2f1.J
(N) C@S_* Jma1lJ -
(RR)Jma1lJ
- ˆ- - - Ι
9 - aHBhRk3* kyRN RR - - - Α - aHBh - - ˜ˆ-
- ˆ
j
51
e
ˆ
ˆ- - 1L* Reyy e−!C/2i = 30 T6 - R89d e−!C/2i = 33 T6- Ryy Mb - d9X8 Mb - iBK2@rHF iBK2@rHF ω- - - -
- iBK2@rHF - yXj3 Mb R aHBhRk3* (Rk) g − 2f1.J
˜
R - E1E 9 U8V
9, aHBhRk3* eX89 KK×dXk KK
Rk3 ˆ- ˆ
e
C@S_* g−2f1.JE1E
˜- aHBhRk3* -
8, UÜE1EV UV- - φ UV-
ˆ
-
aHBh - - g− 2f1.J - -

- C@S_* g − 2f1.J
>@HBM2 C@S_* g − 2f1.J
˜-
- E1E


- ˜ aHBh - ˜- - PT2M@Ai UPT2M aQm`+2 *QMbQ`iBmK Q7 AMbi`mK2MiiBQMV (Rj) - Τ
52
d
S2FBM; iBK2 < 75 Mb j8XR Mb e9Xk Mb
SmHb2 rB/i? i R JAS < 100 Mb d8Xy Mb d9X8 Mb .vMKB+ `M;2 > 4 JAS 3 JAS > 7.8 JAS 1L* < 1, 600 e−!C/2i = 30 T6 RkRy e−!C/2i = 30 T6 1547± 75 e−!C/2i = 33 T6 hBK2@rHF UyX8@jXy JASV < 1 Mb yX9 Mb 0.38± 0.16 Mb CBii2` i yX8 JAS < 5 Mb 9X3N Mb 4.8± 0.2 Mb SQr2` +QMbmKTiBQM yXe9 qf+?BT LXX yXjy qf+?BT ˆˆ
ˆ˜-


(R) :X qX "2MM2ii 2i HX (JmQM ;@k)- S?vbX _2pX . dj- ydkyyj UkyyeVX
(k) hX QvK 2i HX- `sBp,kyyeXy93kkX (j) JX #2 2i HX- Sh1S kyRN- y8j*yk UkyRNVX (9) - - -λ jR- kyN UkyRkVX
(8) - - j8- RRy UkyReVX
(e) - - - jd- ky UkyR3VX
(d) ?iiTb,ffrrrkXF2FXDTfBTMbfDfTQbifkykyf yjfkykyyjyNfX
(3) - dR - kyRe j - - aA*aHBhRk3 X
(N) hX Qv;B 2i HX- CALah R8- Sy9ykd UkykyVX (Ry) uX hbmibmKB 2i HX- S`QiQivT2 6`QMi@2M/ aA*
7Q` aBHB+QM@bi`BT .2i2+iQ`b Q7 C@S_* JmQM ;@ kf1.J 1tT2`BK2Mi- S`Q+22/BM;b Q7 a+B2M+2- hq1SS@kyR3X
(RR) λ- dj - kyRd j - - Jma1lJ ,
X (Rk) hX EBb?Bb?Bi 2i HX- `sBp,kyyeXy3yN8X (Rj) PT2M@Ai r2# T;2- ?iiT,ffQT2MBiXF2FXDTfX
53