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免免免免免免免免免免免免免免免免免免 (Elements of t he immune system and their roles in defense) Pin Ling ( 凌 凌 ), Ph.D. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, NCKU ext 5632 [email protected] • References: 1. 凌凌凌 凌凌 凌凌 , 凌凌凌凌 (2 nd edition) 2. Parham, The Immune System (2 nd edition)

免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

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免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense). Pin Ling ( 凌 斌 ), Ph.D. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, NCKU ext 5632 [email protected] References: 1. 黎煥耀 教授 編譯, 免疫系統 (2 nd edition) 2. Parham, The Immune System (2 nd edition). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 (Elements of the immune system and their

roles in defense)

• Pin Ling ( 凌 斌 ), Ph.D. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, NCKUext [email protected]

• References: 1. 黎煥耀 教授 編譯 , 免疫系統 (2nd edition) 2. Parham, The Immune System (2nd edition)

Page 2: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

課程要點 (Outline)

• 免疫概念由來 (The Origin of Immune

Concept)

• 免疫系統之成員 (The Components of the

immune system)

• 先天及後天免疫之原理 (The Principles of

innate & Adaptive immunity)

• 結論及討論 (Summary & Discussions)

Page 3: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

免疫概念由來 (The Origin of Immune Concept)

1. 傳染性疾病 => 存活者 => 免於再次感染 (Immune)

2. 天花 (Smallpox) => 重大傷亡 => 倖存者 => 面貌變形

3. Edward Jenner’s observation, hypothesis, & test: Milkmaids => generally do not get smallpox Pus from 牛痘 (cowpox) => protect milkmaids from

smallpox Inoculate materials from cowpox pus => protect a

young boy from smallpox => protective immunity

4. 牛痘接種 (Vaccination) 由牛天花 (Vaccinia)延伸而來 , 今 日用於所有疫苗接種 (also called immunization)

Page 4: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

Edward Jenner

Page 5: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

• 從生理上的防禦,抵抗病原菌的感染,至生理病態上造成組織的傷害,皆扮演非常重要的角色。

• 學習免疫學 , 為了暸解免疫系統 , 並可進一步調控免疫反應 ; 以抵抗病原菌的感染 , 及消除疫免疾病 , ex, 過敏氣喘 (allergic asthma), 關節炎 (arthritis) 。

免疫學涵蓋的範圍

Page 6: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

免疫系統防止病菌感染

Page 7: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

皮膚及黏膜層構成物理屏障抵抗感染

Blue area-Skin

Red area-mucosa

Page 8: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

課程要點 (Outline)

• 免疫概念由來 (The Origin of Immune Concept)

• 免疫系統之成員 (The Components of the

immune system)

• 先天及後天免疫之原理 (The Principles of innate

& Adaptive immunity)

• 結論及討論 (Summary & Discussion)

Page 9: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

免疫及血液細胞源自骨髓 (Bone Marrow)

Progenitor cells

Differentiated cells

Effector cells

Stem cells

Page 10: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

骨髓系的白血球細胞(Myeloid immune cells) - Dendritic cell- Monocyte => Macrophage- Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, & Mast cell

Page 11: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

淋巴系的白血球細胞(Lymphoid immune cells) - T cells- B cells- NK cells - NKT cells

Page 12: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

體內主要淋巴器官及組織(Lymphoid Organs & Tissues)

Primary lymphoid tissues: Bone marrow, Thymus=> Development

Secondary lymphoid tissues: Spleen, Tonsil,……etcImmune cells Pathogens

Page 13: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

淋巴循環系統

Page 14: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

淋巴結構造(Structure of Lymph

Node)

Page 15: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

脾臟 (Spleen)-過濾血液的淋巴器官

Page 16: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

課程要點 (Outline)

• 免疫概念由來 (The Origin of Immune Concept)

• 免疫系統之成員 (The Components of the

immune system)

• 先天及後天免疫之原理 (The Principles of

innate & Adaptive immunity)

• 結論及討論 (Summary & Discussions)

Page 17: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

先天性 免疫 (Innate Immunity) vs.

適應性免疫 (Adaptive Immunity)

Page 18: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

先天性 & 適應性免疫反應時間

Page 19: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

吞噬細胞 (Phagocytes)- 先天免疫 (Innate Immunity)

1. 吞噬細胞 Phagocytes:

Dendritic cells, Macrophages & Neutrophil2. Receptors => Pathogenic components3. Cytokines=> Inflammation

Page 20: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

活化的吞噬細胞引起發炎反應(Inflammation)

Page 21: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

可溶性分子 (Soluble proteins) 參與先天免疫

Page 22: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

感染的先天性免疫細胞與適應性免疫細胞 在淋巴結相遇

Page 23: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

適應性免疫力的原則(Principles of Adaptive Immunity)

• 適應性免疫力只限於脊椎動物 (Vertebrate).• 主要由抗原表達細胞 (Antigen presenting

cells,including Macrophages, Dendritic cells, & B cells) 呈現不同病菌的分子成份 .

• 由 T 及 B 淋巴細胞負責適應性免疫力 .• 成千上萬不同的免疫球蛋白 (Immunoglobulin, 來自 B

細胞 ) 及 T 細胞受體 (T-cell receptor) 可辨認病菌不同的分子成份 .

• 適應性免疫力提供長期的免疫記憶與保護性的免疫力 .

Page 24: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

免疫球蛋白 (Immunoglobulin), 抗体 (Antibody, Ab) 及 T 細胞受體 (T-

cell receptor, TCR) 之構造

Page 25: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

抗體 (Ab) 及 T 細胞受體 (TCR) 辨認病原菌 ( 或抗原 ) 具有高度的專一性

人體內如何利用有限基因去產生無數具有高度抗原專一性的抗體 (Ab) ?

Page 26: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

免疫球蛋白及 T 細胞受體的多樣性 基因再排列 (Gene

Rearrangement)

Page 27: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

辨認蛋白質的方式 免疫球蛋白及 T細胞受體

Page 28: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

主要組織相容抗原複合物MHC (Major Histocompatibility

Complex)

Page 29: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

MHC Class I 表達細胞內的病菌蛋白質抗原

Page 30: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

MHC Class II 表達細胞外的病菌蛋白質抗原

Page 31: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

單株繁殖選擇(Clonal Selection of B & T

cells)

Page 32: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

抗體和感染作戰的機制

Page 33: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

適應性免疫力 => 免疫記憶與保護性的免疫力

Page 34: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

成功疫苗的例子

Page 35: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

不當的適應性免疫力會造成過敏

Page 36: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

不當的適應性免疫力會造成自體性疾病以及移植的排斥

Page 37: 免疫系統之成員以及它們在防衛上之角色 ( Elements of the immune system and their roles in defense)

適應性免疫力的正當及不當的反應