(Enzyme)

:

RNA

(1): 1926,James Summer(2) 19811982Thomas R.CechRNARibozyme L19 RNAPRNA 1955DNA(3)abzyme 1986Richard LerrurPeter Schaltzcatalytic antibody

apoenzymecofacter)

coenzyme)(prosthetic group)(holoenzyme= +

1234

1231+2123

1961Enzyme Committee, EC61. AH2 + BO2A + BH2H2O2H2O1AH2 +BA +BH2

2H2O2AH2 + O2A + H2O2FADFMNH2O2AH2 + O22A + 2H2O3ROO + H2O2RO + H2O + O24-

RH + O2 + ROH + H2O + 2. AX + BA +BXX83. AB + H2OAOH + BH

4. CC+ CO2CO+ H2O

CN+ NH35.

6. ATP

1 A B C D E A2

1234

108-1020107-1013

Absolute specificity)

(Relative Specificity)(group)--(Bond)

D14I, Optical SpecificityStereochemical Specificity

,geometrical specificity

1234

1 2

(isoenzyme)

LDH1 LDH2 LDH3 LDH4 LDH5 LDH

-SH -S-S-

1mol

E + SESE +P1.32P2.

Fischer1890Koshland1958

(1)(lock and key hypothesis)

(2)inducedfit hypothesis): .

1.

2.

3. Bronsted

1pK2His

1 A B C Km D E B

2, B C D E A

3 A B C D E C

4 A B , C , D , E E

5 ,, 6 7 ,

PH

1, 23Vmax[S]

-Michaelis-Menten equationkm[S]v = k[S] km [S]v = Vmax

KmVmax:,V = 1/2 Vmax, Km = [S] ,KmKmpHKmKmKm; Km,KmVmax

pH

pH , ,pH pH

Mg2+Cl- 123

inhibition inhibitor

As+ + IEI

[E]v1231. I2.3.

[I ][I ]

11234

SulfonamidesSD

2EIS

3ESI

abc

a. b. c.

180%,Km A [S] B 1/2[S] C 1/4[S] D 1/8[S] E 0.8[S]C

2,, A B C ATP D Cl- D

3, A B C D , E ,B

4Km. Km, , Km, 5

THE END