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1

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()1998

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2015 4 10

(A)

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(A)I

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2009

1980

()1991

2007

P.W.AtkinsPhysical Chemistry (Sixth Ed.) Oxford University Press 1998.

2015 4 10

(A)

1

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0

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2009

1980

()1991

2007

P.W.AtkinsPhysical Chemistry (Sixth Ed.) Oxford University Press 1998.

2015 4 10

(B)I

1

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64

0

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2009

1980

()1991

2007

P. W. AtkinsPhysical Chemistry (Sixth Ed.) Oxford University Press 1998.

2015 4 10

(A)

1

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2009

1980

()1991

2007

P.W.AtkinsPhysical Chemistry (Sixth Ed.) Oxford University Press 1998.

2015 4 10

(C)

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2006

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2007

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2007

2

2009

1980

()1991

P.W.AtkinsPhysical Chemistry (Sixth Ed.) Oxford University

Press 1998.

2015 4 10

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2009

1980

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P.W.AtkinsPhysical Chemistry (Sixth Ed.) Oxford University

Press 1998

2015 4 10

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2000

1999

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1991

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2000

1999

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2.Fischer

3.D/LR/S

4.

5

4

1. R/S

2

3. FischerR/S

9

1.

2.AgNO3SN1SN2E1E2Grignard

3.

8

1.

2.

3

10

1.

2.

3.

4.HX

5.

6

1.

2

3

48

1.

2001

2.

20-60%

3.

2-680-24044-6

4.

2

5.

1.2005

21993

3 2007

20154 10

B

(B)(B)

1

2

3

3

48

16

1

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.

6

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2

3

5

1.

2.

3.N

4

10

1.

2.

3.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

1

2

8

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2

9

1.

2.

3.

4

4

1

2.

48

1.

2001

2.

20-60%

3.

2-680-24044-6

4.

2

5.

1.2005

21993

3 2007

20154 10

(C)

(C)

(C)

1

2

3

4

64

16

1

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3

1.

2.

3. H2X2HXH2OH2SO4HOClMarkovnikov

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2. H2X2HXH2O

3.

4. 1, 21, 4

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

5

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

8

1. FischerD/LR/S

2.

3.

2

1. R/S

2.

3.

4.

5. Fischer

9

1.

2.

3.

4. AgNO3SN1SN2E1E2Grignard

5.

4

1.

2.

3. SN1SN2

4.

10

1.

2.

3. HX

4.

5.

3

1.

2.

3.

11

1.

2.

3. F-CF-CFeCl3

4.

2

1.

2.

3.

12

1.

2.

3. HCNNaHSO3ROHGrignardH

6

1.

2.

3.

13

1.

2. -

3. -

4. GrignardHofmann

6

1.

2.

3.

48

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

4

16

64

1.

2001

2.

2060%10%30%60%

3.

2680-240446

4.

2

5.

C

1.1991

2.2009

:

1.2005

2.2008

3.2005

2015 4 10

D

(D)

(D)

1

2

3

2

32

0

1

1

1.

2.

3.

2

1

2

3

2

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1

2

3

4

5

3

3

1.

2.

3.H2X2HXH2OH2SO4HOClMarkovnikov

4

1

2

3

4

4

4

1.

2.H2X2HXH2O

3.

4.1, 21, 4

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

5

5

1.

2.

3.

2

1

2

3

4

6

6

6.1

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2

1

2

3

7

7

7.1

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7.3

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7.5

2

1

2

3

4

8

8

8.1FischerD/LR/S

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8.3

2

1R/S

2

3

4

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9

9

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4AgNO3SN1SN2E1E2Grignard

3

1

2

3SN1SN2

4

10

10

10.1

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10.3HX

10.4

10.5

2

1

2

3

11

11

11.1

11.2

11.3F-CF-CFeCl3

11.4

2

1

2

3

12

12

12.1

12.2

12.3HCNNaHSO3ROHGrignardH

3

1

2

3

13

13

13.1

13.2

13.3GrignardHofmann

2

1

2

3

32

1.

2.

a

b

c()=80%+20%

d

3.

8143

4.

5.

a2014

b2005

c2008

d2005

2015 04 10

(E)

(E)

(E)

1

2

3

4

64

0

1

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3

1.

2.

3. H2X2HXH2OH2SO4HOClMarkovnikov

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2. H2X2HXH2O

3.

4. 1, 21, 4

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

5

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

8

1. FischerD/LR/S

2.

3.

4

1. R/S

2.

3.

4.

5. Fischer

9

1.

2.

3.

4. AgNO3SN1SN2E1E2Grignard

5.

5

1.

2.

3. SN1SN2

4.

10

1.

2.

3. HX

4.

5.

3

1.

2.

3.

11

1.

2.

3. F-CF-CFeCl3

4.

2

1.

2.

3.

12

1.

2.

3. HCNNaHSO3ROHGrignardH

6

1.

2.

3.

13

1.

2. -

3. -

4. GrignardHofmann

6

1.

2.

3.

14

-

1.

2.

3.

4. ()

4

1.

2.

3.

15

1.

2.

3.

4.

15.5

4

1.

2.

3.

16

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

3.

17

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2

1.

2.

3.

18

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

19

1. -

2.

1

1. -

2.

20

1.

1

1.

64

1.

2001

2.

2060%

3.

2680-240446

4.

2

5.

E

1.1991

2.2009

:

1.2005

2.2008

3.2005

2015 4 10

F

(F)

(F)

1

2

3

3

48

0

1

1

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

2

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3

3

1.

2.

3.H2X2HXH2OH2SO4HOClMarkovnikov

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

4

1.

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3.

4.1, 21, 4

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

5

5

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

6

1.

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3.

4

1.

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3.

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7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

8

8

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2.

3.

2

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2.

3.

4.

5.Fischer

9

9

1.

2.

3.

4.AgNO3SN1SN2E1E2Grignard

4

1.

2.

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4.

10

10

1.

2.

3.HX

4.

5.

3

1.

2.

3.

11

11

1.

2.

3.F-CF-CFeCl3

4.

2

1.

2.

3.

12

12

1.

2.

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6

1.

2.

3.

13

13

1.

2.

3.GrignardHofmann

6

1.

2.

3.

48

1.

2.

a

b

c()=80%+20%

d

3.

2680-240446

4.

2

5.

F

1.1991

2.2009

:

1.2005

2.2008

3.2005

2015 4 10

1.

163

2.

3.

1-4

0

16-64

1

1.

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3.

4.

4

1.

2.

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4.

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.

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4

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4

14

4

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1.

2.

16

1. :

2. .

8

1.

72

1

163

2001

2002

....

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

3228

2001

2002

....

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

3228

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(B) I(F13026)1614

2001

2002

....

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(B) II(F13027)1614

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

F13032CC(F13032)1614

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2011

2012

(A)I

(A)

(B)I

(B)

C

2001

4

2002

....

4

2003

4

2004

4

2005

4

2006

4

2007

4

2008

4

2009

4

2010

4

2011

4

2012

4

2013

4

2014

4

2015

4

2016

4

2.

3 : PPT;

:

3.

5% 10%40% 40%5%

4.

341560124

5.

48

6.

20091

[1]2002

[2]2001

[3]2002

[4]1999

2015410

A

1

2

3

2

32

0

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

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3.

1.

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1.

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1.

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1.

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2

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434

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2

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4

3.

2680-240446

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20035

1987

1980

1981

RJ1981

2001

2015.410

A

A

1

1

2

3

2

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

48

16

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

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1.

2.

2

3

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3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

1.

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4

4

4.1

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4.3

4.4

4.5 Micheal

4.6 Wittig

MichealWittig

1.

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6

5

5.1

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5.3 FC

5.4

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5.6

5.7

MannichF--CFC

F--CFC

Mannich

1.

2.

6

6

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.7

1.

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8

7

7.1

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7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

1.

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6

8

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

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1.

2.

4

2

48

1

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

3.

2680-240446

4.

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5.

2008

2001.

2001

1998

2015410

1.

1

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3

4

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1

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( 3 )

3.

1

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3

4

2

32

0

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1.

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3.

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3

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1.

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1.

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3.

4.

6

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3.

4. Wade

1.

2.

1

1.

2.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

4

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4.

8

1.

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3.

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3.

9

1.

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3.

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10

1.

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3.

4.

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1.

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2.

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1.

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1.

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1.

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3.

4.

1.

2.

1

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1.

2.

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3.

4.

5.

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25 2008

362 2008

42012

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A

A

1

2

3

4

56

8

1

1.

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2.

2

1.

2

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3.

6

3

1.

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3.

4.

5.

8

4

1.

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5.

8

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8

6

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1.

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3.

3

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1.

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9

3

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5.

2009

2002

1993

2015 4 10

(A)

(A)A

6448

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.,

3.

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112

0

1

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2

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4

3

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6

:

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4

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6.6

8

7

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10

:

:

8

8.1

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8

: pH

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9

9.1

9.2

9.3

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10

10.1

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10.3

10.4

10.5

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11

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10

.

12

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13

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14

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15

15.1

15.2

15.3

15.4

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4

16

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17

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18

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19

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2

20

20.1

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2

21

21.1

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21.3

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2

22

22.1

22.2

22.3

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2

23

23.1

23.2

2

24

24.1

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25

4

26

112

1.

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2

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2=20%+70%+ 10%

3.

A804

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5.

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4-

Inorganic Chemistry P. A. Cox, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New College, Oxford , UK.

20154 10

B

B

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

64

0

1

1.2.

3.

2

2

1.2.3.

10

1.

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3.

3

1.2.3.

22

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4.

22

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5

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8

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1.

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240

4.

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1985

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2015410

C/D

C/D

1

2

3

3-4

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1

1.1

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1.3

1.4

4

1

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3

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1

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3

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3

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4.1

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4.5

4.6

4.7

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2

3

4

5

5.1

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4-8

1

2

3

4

6

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1

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3

7

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2

1

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3

4

8

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8.2

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8.4

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4

1

2

3

9

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2

1

2

3

10

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10.4

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2

1

2

11

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11.2

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2

1

2

3

12

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2

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42-48

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48-64

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2

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4

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= 20%+ 10%+ 70%

3.

804

4.

5.

2002

1985

2015 410

A

A

1

2

3

1

2

3

6

64

32

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

6

2

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4

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6

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:

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6

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7

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8

7

1

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3

4

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:

:

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

8

:

:

9

1-

2

3

4

2

10

1

2 s3 p4 d5 ds

6 f

4

11

1

2-

3

4

5

2

12

2

64

1.

34

2.

:

=20%+70%+ 10%

3.

A

4.

A35

5.

2008

2005

2001

20154 10

,

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

, , , ,

3.

1-4

0

16-64

1

1

2

3

4

3

2

.

1

2;

3

3

3

1

2

3

3

4

1

2

3

4

5

3

5

1

2

3

6

1

2

3

3

7

1

2pH pH

3

4

3

8

1

2

3

9

1BaSO4

2

3

10

1

2 pH < 2.5III

3

11

1

2

3

3

12

1

2CO2

3

4

5

3

13

1

2

3

3

14

1NaCl

2

3 Ca2+ Mg2+ SO42-

3

15

1

2

3

4

3

16

1

2

3FeIII

3

17

1

2

3

4

3

18

1

2

3

19

1

2

3

3

20

1

2

3

4

3

21

1

2

3

3

22

1

2

3Na+K+NH4+Ca2+Ba2+

4

3

23

1

2

3

3

24

1

2

3

4

3

25

1

2

3

4S2-SO32-S2O32-SO42-

3

26

1

2Fe2+Fe3+Co2+Ni2+

3

3

27

1

2(I)(II)

3Hg22+Hg2+

3

28

1Cl2HClKClO3NaClO

2Cl2HCl

3H2S

4SO2SO2

5COCO

6NH3NH3

7

3

29

1

2

3

3

87

1.

29

(A)I (F13001)3221-4,5-216-7

(A) (F13002)241.522-29

(B) (F13003)3221-4, 5-296-72-3

2.

1

3 : PPT;

2

:

3

3.

5% 10%40% 40%5%

4.

4

5.

6.

20091

1I()

2

3

4(3)

5

6

7

8

20154 10

A

A

1

2

3

3.5

56

0

1

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

8

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2.

3.pH

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

12

1.pH

2.

3.

4.pH

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

9

1.

2.-

3.

4.

5.

2

1.-

2.

56

1.

2.

=10%+ 90%

3.

4.

5.

Analytical chemistry and quantitative analysisDavid S. Hage,

20154 10

B

B

1

2

3

3

48

0

1

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.pH

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

12

1.pH

2.

3.pH

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

9

1.

2.-

3.

4.

5.

2

1.-

2.

48

1.

2.

=10%+ 90%

3.

4.

5.

Analytical chemistry and quantitative analysisDavid S. Hage,

2015410

C

1

2

3

2.5

28

12

1

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

3. pH

4.

5. pH

6.

8

1.KaKbH+

2.

3.

5

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

6

1.

2. EDTAEDTA

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

4

1.

2. EDTA

3.

4.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

4

1.

2.

3.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

4

1.

2.

9

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

3.

10

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

11

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

12

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

13

1.

2.EDTA

3.

4.EBT

4

1.EDTA

2.EBT

40

1.

2.

++()=70%+20%+10%, 10%30%60%

3.

4.

5.

20154 10

A

1

2

3

3

0

48

1

1.;

2.;

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2

3

4

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

5

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

6

1.

2.

4

1.

2.pH

7

1.

2.EDTA

3.

4.EBT

4

1.EDTA

2.EBT

8

1.

2.XO

4

1.

2.XO

9

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

10

Fe2O3Al2O3CaO MgO

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

11

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

12

1.

2.COD

3.COD

4

1.

2.COD

13

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

14

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

3.

15

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

16

1.

2

8

1.

17

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

18

HClH3PO4Na2HPO4 NaH2PO4

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

76

1.

2.

183

181431

A18122367101416174

B188236712172

2.

5% 10%40% 40%5%

3.

2

4.

5.

-

3

20154 10

A

1

2

3

3

48

0

1

1.

2

3.

4.

2

1.

2

2

1.

2.

3.

6

1.

2

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

1.

2

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

8

1.

2.

3.

5

1.

2.

3.

8

1.

2SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7

3

4

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3

1

2

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

1.

2

3

8

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

9

1.

2.

3

1.

2

3

10

1

2.

6

1.

2

48

1.

2.

++= 80%+20%

3.

4.

5.

2015410

1

2

3

3

0

48

1

pH

1.pH

2.pHS-3C

4

1.

2.pH

2

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

5

1.

2.

6

1.

2.

6

1.

2.

8

1.

2.

7

COCO2O2

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

8

1.

2.

6

1.

2.

9

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

10

1.

4

1.

2.

11

Fe2O3Al2O3CaO MgO

1.

2.

3.

8

1.

2.

3.

12

CaOMgO

1.

2.CaOMgO

6

1.

2.

13

1.

2.

4

14

1.

2.

4

70

1.

2.

703

483486

2.

5% 10%30%30%,20%5%

3.

2

4.

5.

2009 1

2015410

(A)

(A)

1

2

3

3

4

52

12

1

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

6

1.

2.

3.--

4.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

7

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

8

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

9

1.

2.

3.pH

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

5

1.pH

2.pH

3.

4.

10

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2

1.

2.

3.

11

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

12

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

13

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

14

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

4

1.

2.

3.

12

15

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2.

16

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

17

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

18

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

19

1.

2.F-

3

1.

2.F-

20

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

64

1.

2.

=5%+ 10%+ 80%+5%10%10%80%

3.

80~12010~20

4.

50%

5.

21

20154 10

(B)

(B)

1

2

3

4

2

24

8

1

1.

2.

3.

1

1.

2

1.

2.

3.

1

1.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

3

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1.

2.

3.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1.

2.

3.--

4.

6

1.

2.

3.

1

1.

7

1.

2.

3.pH

4.

5.

6.

7.

3

1.pH

2.pH

3.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3

1.

2.

3.

9

1.

2.

3.

1

1.

2.

10

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

11

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2.

12

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

13

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

32

1.

2.

=5%+ 10%+ 80%+5%10%10%80%

3.

80~12010~20

4.

50%

5.

21

2015 4 10

1

2

3

2

32

0

1

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1.

2.

3.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

6

1.

2.

3.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.DNA

5.

6

1.

2.

3.DNA

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1.

2.

3.

32

1.

2.

()=80%+20%

3.

4.

50%

5.

2015410

()

1

2

3

3

2

32

0

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

2

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

2

1.

2.

3.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

1

2.

3.

6

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

2

1.

2.

3.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

4

1.

2.

3.

9

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1.

2.

3.

10

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

32

1.

2.

()=80%+20%

3.

4.

50%

2015 4 10

A

A

1

2

3

3

36

12

1

1

2

3X

4

5

6

2

1

2

2

1

2

3

4

5

6

9

1

2

3

4

5

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

9

1

23

4

5

6

4

1

2

3

4

5

8

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

1

23

4

5Woodwar-*

6

6

1

2

3

1

2.

7

1

2

3

3

1.

2.

3.

8

1.

2.

3

1

2

9

1

2

3

1.

2.

48

1.

34

2.

()=80%+10%+10%

3.

4.

5.

1999

2004

1987

1985

1987

2000

2002

2002

2015410

SO2NOXTSPPM10COO3

1.

2.

3.

3

48

1

1.

2.

3.

1

2

3

4

5

6

1.

2.

4

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.PPT

2.

18

3

1

2

3

4

5

6.

7.

8.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

1.

2.

16

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

6

5

1.

2.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1.

2.

4

48

1

1

2

2

40%60%40%10%20%10%

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

2004

2006

20154 10

1

2

3

3

48

0

1

1

2

3

2

1;

2;

3

2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

,

10

1. ,

2. , , , , , ,

3. , ,

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

10

1

2

3

4

4

1

2

3

4

5Qe

6

7

1

2

3Q-e

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

4

1

2

3

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

4

1

2

3

7

1

2Ziegler-Natta

5

1

2Ziegler-Natta

8

2

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

, ,

4

1

2

48

1.

2.

: 70%20%10%

= 80%+20%

3.

150

4.

11

5.

, , 2011

[1]2012

[2]Rosen, Stephen L.,Fundamental Principle of Polymeric Materials,Second Edition,1993

[3]

2015 4 10

A

1.

2. --

3.

3

48

0

1

1

2

3

2

2

1

2

6

3

1

2 Flory-Huggins

3

6

:

:

4

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

8

6

1

2

3

4

6

7

1

2

3

4

6

:

:

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

: -

:

9

1

2

3

2

48

1.

1

2

3

42

5

2.

:

=10%+80%+ 10%

3.

A150

4.

A11

5.

20154 10

(A)

(A)

1

2,

3

2

32

0

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

2

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10

11

12PVAc

4

1.

2.

4

1.SBS

2.SBS

3.SBS

4.

5.

4

1.

2.SBS

5

1.

2.

4

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

1.

2.

7

1.

2.

3.

4

1.:

2.:

8

1.

2.

3.

2

1.:

2.:

9

1.A

2.

3.

4.

5.POM

2

1.

2.

21

2

32

1.

34

2.

:

=20%+70%+ 10%

3.

A52001

4.

A22

5.

: 2004.1

12000.12

2Polymeric MaterialsCHARLES C. WINDINGGORDON D.HIATTTHE MAOLE PRESS COMPANYYORK, PA1993

31998

4(Odian, G.) 1987

5Handbook of polymer synthesisKricheldorfNew York, HanserPublishers1992

20154 10

A

A

1

1

2-

3

4

2

3

1

2

3

4

2

32

0

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

1

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

2

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

1.

2.

16

1.

2. , Langmuir

3. ,

4. MO

5.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

5

1.

2.

3.

4. C-H

1.

2.

1

C-H

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

2

7

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

2

9

1.

2.

3. X

4.

5.

6.

1.

2.

2

X

32

1.

2.

30%70%30%15%15%

3.

4.

5.

120143

220154

3()1998

4Charles N. Satterfield ()1990

5,20053

2015 4 10

1

2

3

2

32

0

1

2

1

2

3

2

2

1

2

3

3

3

1

2

3

4

2

1

2

5

2

1

2

6

2

1

2

3

7

3

1

2

3

8

2

1

2

3

9

2

1

2.

10

2

6.

7.

11

2

1.

2.

12

ppt

8

32

1.

24

2.

1: ++

2=30-50%+30-50%+20%

3.

80

4.

2

5.

2013

2015 4 10

PVCPVC

1

2

3

2

32

0

1

1.

2.

3.PVC

2

2

1.

2.

3

4.

4

5

6.

7.

3

1.PVC

2.

3. 4.PVC

2

4

1.

2.

3.

4

2

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

4

5.PVC 6.

7..PVC

6

1.

2.

3

4.

2

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

1

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

1

9

1.

2.

3.

2

10

PVC

1.PVC

2. PVC

3. PVC

4 . PVC

1

11

PVC

1.

2.

3. 4.

5.

6.

7.

1

12

PVC

1.PVC

2.

3.

4.

5.

1

13

1.

2.

PPT

7

32

1.

2.

=30%+ 20%+50%

3.

60

4.

5.

1

2

3

4 2013

2015 4 10

A

1.

1

2

3

4

5

2

3

1

2

3

64

0

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1.

2.

6

1.

2.

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

4

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

1.

2.

10

1.

2.

3.

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1.

2.

8

1.

2.

7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

1.

2.

6

1.

2.

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

6

1.

2.

9

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

2

1.

2.

1

2

3

440%60%40%10%10%10%10%

3.

4.

5.

1 2013

22000

32008 42008

20154 10

1

2

3

1.5

24

0

1

1.

2.

3.

2

2

1.

2.

3

2

3

.

2

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

2

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

2

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

2

7

1.

2.

3.

1

8

1.

2.

3.

4.

1

9

1.

2.

3.

1

10

1..

2.

3

1

11

1.

2.

3.

1

12

1.

2.

1

13

1.

2.

PPT

6

24

1.

2.

=30%+ 20%+50%

3.

50

4.

5.

1

2

3

2015 4 10

A

1

2

3

3

48

0

1

1.2.

3.

2

1.

2.

2

1.2.3.

10

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

20

1.

2.

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

12

1.

2.

48

1.

2.

20%80%

3.

2

4.

5.

1995

2015 4 10

9

1.

2.

3.

2

32

0

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1.

2.

8

1

2

3

2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1.

2.

2

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1.

2.

4

1

2

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1.

2.

2

1

2

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1.

2.

4

1

2

3

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1.

2.

4

1

2

3

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

1.

2.

6

1

2

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

1.

2.

1

1

2

3

8

1

2

3

4

5

1.

2.

1

1

2

3

32

1.

2.

:

=30%+60%+ 10%3.

4.

5.

1.2005

2 2001

2015 410

B

1

2

3

2

32

0

1

1.2.

3.

2

1.

2.

2

1.2.3.

10

1.

2.

3.

3

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

16

1.

2.

32

1.

2.

20%80%

3.

2

4.

5.

1

21995

20154 10

1

2

3

3

48

0

1

1.1 1.2

2

1

2

2

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

6

1

2

3

3

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

6

1

2

4

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

6

1

2

5

5.1 5.2 5.3

6

1

2

3

6

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6

1

2

3

32

1.

2.

1:

2=80%+20%

3.

80

4.

11

5.

,

2015 4 10

A

(A)

1

2

3

2

32

6

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

8

2

1.

2.

3.

4.

6

3

1.

2.