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2016
2016
2016ii
40160
2016( C.16.
II.D.4)
UNCTAD/WIR/2016 (Overview)
© 2016
iii
潘基文联合国秘书长
2015 40% 1.82008
100
2030
2016iv
2016 James X. Zhan ( ) Richard Bolwijn Bruno Casella Joseph Clements Hamed El
Kady Kumi Endo Michael Hanni Joachim Karl Hee Jae Kim Ventzislav Kotetzov Guoyong Liang( ) Shin Ohinata Diana Rosert Astrit Sulstarova Claudia Trentini Elisabeth Tuerk Joerg Weber
Kee Hwee Wee
Eleonora Alabrese Jorun Baumgartner Giannakopoulos Charalampos Malvika Monga Francesco Tenuta Linli Yu( )
Thomas van Giffen Natalia Guerra Isya Kresnadi Kálmán Kalotay Abraham Negash Elizabeth Odunlami Jacqueline Salguero HuamanIlan Strauss Tadelle Taye Paul Wessendorp
Bradley Boicourt Mohamed Chiraz Baly Lizanne Martinez
Caroline Lambert Lise Lingo Laurence Duchemin Teresita Ventura Pablo Cortizo
Sophie Combette and Nadège Hadjemian Elisabeth Anodeau-Mareschal Anne Bouchet Rosalina Goyena Peter Navarette Katia Vieu 2016
2016Rolf
Adlung Carlo Altomonte Paul Beamish Nathalie Bernasconi Martin Brauch Jansen Calamita Jeremy Clegg Davide Del Prete Henrik Dellestrand Chantal Dupasquier Xiaolan Fu Masataka Fujita Thomas Jost Markus Krajewski John Lee Hemant Merchant Loukas Mistelis Premila Nazareth Sheila Page Svein Parnas Markus Perkams Sergey Ripinsky Leslie Robinson Armando Rungi Pierre Sauvé Boštjan Skalar Roger Strange Jan van den Tooren
20
2016 2016
v
201538% 1.76 2008-2009
( ) 2014 4,320 7,2107,660
15%
9,620
2014 41% 55%2014
7,6502014 9%
5,000
10
33% 1.12007
40% 5,760
2016vi
2014
201550%
60%
2016 10-15%
20172018 1.8
2015 5407%
2016
16% 5,410
2016 2014
vii
17% 3,320 2012
2015 ( )1,680
20152016
10
/2015
2007
20162015
560 2%
350
2016viii
18% 32% 2016
2015 85%
2015 313,304
2016 5 15057
2015 70
(40%)
ix
2015
10060
2016
2015(
) ( )
1040
2016x
40%3
30%10% 1%
60%
100 50500 7 (
6 ) 20
70
80%
xi
()
()
2016xii
xiii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
2016xiv
1
2015
38% 1.7622008-2009 ( 1)
( ) 2014 4,3207,210
15%7,660
( 84%)2014 5,220 9,620
20142014 41% 2015 55%( 1)
67% 7,210 20072014 170 2,990( 36%)
20162
2015
( )7,650 ( 2014 9%)
5,000( 2) 10
( 3)
1. 2005-20152016-2018 ( 10 )
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
2005 20102006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$1762+38%
35
962+84%
-38%
765+9%
55%
P R O J E C T I O N S
© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。
3
2. 2013-2015 ( )
2013 2014 2015
283
165
429
176 170168
52 58 5485
56 35
431468
541
323 306
504
© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。
33% 1.12014 61% 2015 72% 11
20072007
40% 5,760
( 4)
20164
© /(www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。
2014 201520 ( 10 ) 3.
20142015
20142015
(x) = 2014
380
175
136
101
73
69
65
65
49
44
43
40
32
31
30
25
22
20
20
17
107
114
129
31
52
7
68
73
59
35
15
52
1
-9
26
12
40
23
21
12
(3)
中国香港 (2)
中国 (1)
爱尔兰 (11)
荷兰 (8)
瑞士 (38)
新加坡 (5)
巴西 (4)
加拿大 (6)
印度 (10)
法国 (20)
联合王国 (7)
德国 (98)
比利时 (189)
墨西哥 (13)
卢森堡 (23)
澳大利亚 (9)
意大利 (14)
智利 (17)
土耳其 (22)
5
4.
317
114
123
56
43
106
-3
56
125
23
5
39
43
35
28
27
64
9
18
12
300
129
128
113
102
94
70
67
55
39
39
35
35
35
28
28
27
24
19
16
20142015
20142015
(x) = 2014
日本 (4)
中国 (3)
荷兰 (7)
爱尔兰 (9)
德国 (5)
瑞士 (153)
加拿大 (8)
中国香港 (2)
卢森堡 (15)
比利时 (32)
新加坡 (11)
法国 (10)
西班牙 (12)
大韩民国 (13)
意大利 (14)
俄罗斯联邦 (6)
瑞典 (22)
挪威 (16)
智利 (19)
2014 201520 ( 10 )
美国 (1)
© /(www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。
20166
1,230 1,280
20
( 5)30%
63%
© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。2015 G20 = 20 19
( ) TTIP = ( ) APEC = TPP = RCEP = ( ) BRICS =
5. 2014 2015( 10 )
652
353
341
271
G20
TPP
RCEP
BRICS
926
593
330
256
20152014
51%
28%
27%
21%
53%
34%
19%
15%
399TTIP 81931% 46%
669APEC 95352% 54%
14 393
9 037
4 156
2 373
13 361
12 799
7
(2015 3,880) 2007 2015
50%
201464%( 6)
© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。
6.2014 年( )
7
27
64
$26 tn
2
20168
2015 ()
20142012-2013
2,210 2015 20131,320 720
( 2015)
20157.4% 6.5%
9
7,950 ( 1)2014 6.7% 2015 6.0%
1. 2015
( 10 )1990 2005–2007
( )2013 2014 2015
207 1 418 1 427 1 277 1 762 242 1 445 1 311 1 318 1 474
2 077 14 500 24 533 25 113 24 9832 091 15 104 24 665 24 810 25 045
75 1 025 1 526 1 595 1 4044.4 7.3 6.5 6.7 6.0
122 1 101 1 447 1 509 1 3515.9 7.5 6.1 6.3 5.6 98 729 263 432 721
5 101 20 355 31 865 34 149 36 668( ) 1 074 4 720 7 030 7 419 7 903
4 595 40 924 95 671 101 254 105 7781 444 4 976 7 469 7 688 7 803
( ) 21 454 49 565 72 239 76 821 79 505
22 327 51 288 75 887 77 807 73 1525 072 11 801 18 753 19 429 18 200
29 172 298 311 2994 107 15 034 23 158 23 441 20 861
©
2016 10-15%
20162016 10-15%
2015 2008-2009
201610
2017 2018 1.8
2016( ) 2015 32%
( )1,600
201645% 2016 32%
2018 44%
11
2015( 2)
2015 5407%
2015 126
18% 99
36% 58
78 2014 2%2015 14
2% 17987
18 10
25% 113
2016 550600 2016
201612
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 1 427 1 277 1 762 1 311 1 318 1 474
680 522 962 826 801 1 065
323 306 504 320 311 576
283 165 429 363 372 367
662 698 765 409 446 378
52 58 54 16 15 11
431 468 541 359 398 332
350 383 448 312 365 293
36 41 50 2 12 8
46 43 42 45 20 31
176 170 168 32 31 33
3 2 2 2 1 2
85 56 35 76 72 31
52 55 56 14 14 8 21 26 35 8 5 3
30 30 24 4 7 4
6 7 5 3 2 1
47.7 40.9 54.6 63.0 60.7 72.3
22.7 24.0 28.6 24.4 23.6 39.1
19.8 12.9 24.3 27.7 28.2 24.9
46.4 54.7 43.4 31.2 33.8 25.6
3.7 4.6 3.1 1.2 1.2 0.8
30.2 36.6 30.7 27.4 30.2 22.5
24.5 30.0 25.4 23.8 27.7 19.9
2.5 3.2 2.9 0.2 0.9 0.5
3.2 3.4 2.4 3.4 1.5 2.1
12.3 13.3 9.5 2.5 2.4 2.2
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
5.9 4.4 2.0 5.8 5.5 2.1
3.6 4.3 3.2 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.5 2.1 2.0 0.6 0.4 0.2
2.1 2.3 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.2
0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。
2. 2013-2015( 10 )
13
16% 5,410
25% 3,220
500 2014 22%
2% 420
20152014 2016
17% 3,320 2015
1,280
201614
2014550
11% 67036%
80 54% 310
2015 ( )1,680
14%420
6% 1,210
12% 650
2014
2015 5% 33038%
31% 160
2016 2015
15
2014 17% 86%
2016
2015
2015 38%350
6%48
42% 300/
98
2015310 2005
20152016
201616
9,6205,040
29%2014
4002015 4,290
20002014
2015 1.133%
1,000
20152016
2015
33% 350
17
2016
2016
18% 245
32% 48
50%
10
201618
19
7. 2001-2015( )
0
25
50
75
100
2
98 85
15
/ /
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
2015 4696 71
13 ( 12) 85%
(2010-2014 ) ( 7)
( )
201620
/
31 20(BIT) 11 (TIP)
3,304 (2,946 358)( 8)
21
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
TIPBIT
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
8. 1980-2015
3304
©
20156 4 3
2016 9 (72 )
12 2016 5 15057 (
)
201622
2015
10 20
2015( ) 70
( 9)2016 1 1
696 107
9. 1987-2015
1987 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 20150
10
20
30
40
50
60
70 696
©
23
(40%)
2015
2015
/100 (
)60
/
( 2014)
201624
2015 7
2015
25
2010 2015 1733,304
201210
10 40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
201626
()
27
40%
40%3 ( 10)
50 500
( )
201628
10.
()
100
41
经济份量:
~50
%所有权链条中的
国家平均数目
: 2.
5
最大多国企业的外国
子公司占
60%
直接所有者
和最终所有
者位于
同一国
最终所有者
直接所有
投资者的国籍
日益模糊…
44
5615
©根据
Orb
is数据所作分析。
29
10030% 60%
100 50500 7 (
7 ) 20
70
()
201630
( )
2016450
2×2
40% 50%
30%
10%
1%
60%
( 11)
31
11.
2.5
41%
2.4
47%
2.9
27%
发展中亚洲
2.9
27%
非洲
2.9
26%
拉丁美洲
2.9
26%
加勒比
2.8
26%
2.5
30%
(
外国直接所有和外国最终所有
(不同国籍
)外国直接所有和
本国最终所有
本国直接所有和
外国最终所有
©根据
Orb
is数据所作分析。
201632
80%
2010
33
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2010-2015(
)
75%
201634
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
(2012)
()
35
/
( ) ()
(12)
12.TTIP、RCEP TPP
(国际投资协定一般不适用)
(国际投资协定一般适用)
(国际投资协定一般适用)
(国际投资协定一般适用)14% 16%
32%
71%
25%
38%
1%
3%
2%
14%
56%
28%
RCEPTTIP TPP
TTIPRCEPTTP
© 根据Orbis数据所作分析。
201636
* * *
2016
37
WIR 2015: Reforming International Investment Governance
WIR 2014: Investing in the SDGs: An Action Plan
WIR 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development
WIR 2012: Towards a New Generation of Investment Policies
WIR 2011: Non-Equity Modes of International Production and Development
WIR 2010: Investing in a Low-carbon Economy
WIR 2009: Transnational Corporations, Agricultural Production and Development
WIR 2008: Transnational Corporations and the Infrastructure Challenge
WIR 2007: Transnational Corporations, Extractive Industries and Development
WIR 2006: FDI from Developing and Transition Economies: Implications for Development
WIR 2005: Transnational Corporations and the Internationalization of R&D
WIR 2004: The Shift Towards Services
WIR 2003: FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives
WIR 2002: Transnational Corporations and Export Competitiveness
WIR 2001: Promoting Linkages
WIR 2000: Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development
WIR 1999: Foreign Direct Investment and the Challenge of Development
WIR 1998: Trends and Determinants
WIR 1997: Transnational Corporations, Market Structure and Competition Policy
WIR 1996: Investment, Trade and International Policy Arrangements
WIR 1995: Transnational Corporations and Competitiveness
WIR 1994: Transnational Corporations, Employment and the Workplace
WIR 1993: Transnational Corporations and Integrated International Production
WIR 1992: Transnational Corporations as Engines of Growth
WIR 1991: The Triad in Foreign Direct Investment
201638
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Telephone: +41 22 917 4533Fax: +41 22 917 0498unctad.org/diae
World Investment Reportworldinvestmentreport.org
Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Developmentinvestmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ipfsd
UNCTAD Entrepreneurship Policy Frameworkunctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/diaeed2012d1_en.pdf
World Investment Forumunctad-worldinvestmentforum.org
Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiativesseinitiative.org
Business Schools for Impactbusiness-schools-for-impact.org
Investment Policy Hubinvestmentpolicyhub.unctad.org
FDI Statisticsunctad.org/fdistatistics
Investment Trends and Policies Monitorsunctad.org/diae
Internatinal Investment Agreementsunctad.org/iia
Investment Policy Reviewsunctad.org/ipr
ISAR Corporate Transparency Accountingunctad.org/isar
Transnational Corporations Journalunctad.org/tnc
worldinvestmentreport.org
worldinvestmentreport.org
Printed at United Nations, Geneva – 1610927 (C) – August 2016 – 316 – UNCTAD/WIR/2016 (Overview)