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Estudio Contrastivo de Sonidos Espaoles y Japoneses

Tesis de maestra en el Curso de Posgrado de la Universidad de Estudios Extranjeros de Tokio

Hiroto Ueda

1977

ver. 2012/11/2

1 () 234 ()

1977Ueda (1977, 1978)()SILSpeech Analyzer (http://www. sil. org/computing/sa/)

Resumen

En este estudio, basndome principalmente en los mtodos de lingstica estructural, me dedico a descripciones de los sonidos espaoles y japoneses, a anlisis contrastivos, y a reflexiones sobre los problemas de aprendizaje tanto de los japoneses como de los hispanohablantes que estudian espaol y japons respectivamente.

En el captulo 1, tratar de examinar los mtodos de anlisis contrastivos: mtodo fontico, mtodo fonolgico, mtodo estadstico, anlisis de rasgos distintivos y mtodo de fonologa generativa. He llegado a la conclusin de que el ms eficaz para el anlisis contrastivo es el mtodo de la lingstica estructural que parte de los fenmenos fonticos concretos para construir inductivamente la teora fonolgica. De esta manera se puede llevar a cabo la comparacin en el nivel fontico y explicar las causas de los errores de los aprendientes observando la manera de estructuracin de los sonidos en ambas lenguas. En el captulo 2 estudio los fonemas segmentales; en el captulo 3, combinacin de sonidos y, en el captulo 3, los fonemas suprasegmentales (acento, entonacin y ritmo).

* Esta tesis la escrib y present en 1977 y la publiqu en espaol en Ueda (1977, 1978). Posteriormente la he corregido y agregado en forma de Suplementos en este documento. Al mismo tiempo he insertado passim espectrogramas fnicos de mi propia pronunciacin, que son outputs por Speech Analyzer de SIL (http://www. sil. org/computing/sa/), sealados por en la tesis.

125671. 71. 1. 71. 2. 101. 3. 152. 202. 0. 202. 1. 212. 1. 1. 222. 1. 2. 252. 1. 3. 272. 2. 292. 2. 1. 302. 2. 2. 412. 3442. 3. 2. 442. 3. 1. 472. 4492. 4. 1. /c/492. 4. 2. /c/502. 4. 3. 502. 5522. 5. 1. /f, , s, x/522. 5. 2. /s, z, h/522. 5. 3532. 6. 582. 6. 1. /n, n, /582. 6. 2. /m, n/592. 6. 3592. 612. 7. 1. /l, , , r/612. 7. 2./r/612. 7. 3.612. 8.652. 8. 1. 652. 8. 2. 693. 833. 1. 833. 1. 1. 833. 1. 2. 863. 1. 3. 873. 2. 893. 2. 1. 893. 2. 2. 903. 2. 3. 913. 3. 933. 3. 1. 933. 3. 2. 943. 3. 3. 954. 974. 1. 974. 1. 1. 974. 1. 2. 1024. 2. 1104. 2. 1. 1104. 2. 2. 1164. 2. 3. 1244. 2. 4. 1274.3. 131134

The International Phonetic Association

http://www. langsci. ucl. ac. uk/ipa/index. html

publica domain

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

p, b

t, d

t, d

,

c,

k, g

,

f, v

,

s, z

,

,

x,

h,

m

n

n

j

l

l

r

i, , , , , , , , , , , ,

(alveolopalatal)[], []

(mellow): [d]

[k+]

S.

J.

/C/

/L/

/S/

/V/

/N/

/S/

/M/

Navarro Toms (1918), Stirling (1935), Gili Gaya (1966), Quilis y Fernndez (1969), Dalbor (1969) Edwards (1903), (1929), Bloch (1950), (1951), (1967) () (1963)

[footnoteRef:1] [1: Hammer and Rice (1965), ELEC (1967), Di Pietro (1971, 1974), (1974). ]

1.

1. 1.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(1) [footnoteRef:2] [2: Lisker and Abramson (1964)Delattre (1965)]

(2) [footnoteRef:3][footnoteRef:4] (Fischer-Jorgensen, 1952; Togeby, 1951) (, 1958)[footnoteRef:5] [3: Trubetzkoy (1939), Hockett (1955), Voegelin (1956, 1957), Voegelin and Yegerlehner (1956). ] [4: Robins (1964; 1969): 376 ff. ] [5: [l][l][r]]

(3) (discrete) [footnoteRef:6][i], [u]/i/, /u//y/, /w/(functional load)()syntagmatic[footnoteRef:7] [6: Hayden (1950), Trnka (1966); Zipf and Rogers (1939), Navarro Toms, Delattre (1965); Edwards (1903; 1935), (1937), (1973)] [7: Hockett (1955: pp215-218), (1975: p. 107ff). ]

(4)(distinctive feature analysis) Jakobson, Fant and Halle (1952) 12[footnoteRef:8][footnoteRef:9]apriorism[footnoteRef:10] [8: Singh (1968)error analysis] [9: (1971: p. 117ff). ] [10: Martinet (1955: pp. 73-75). ]

(S) (E) [][t]E. [](mellow) (strident) S. []S. /t/[footnoteRef:11]//E://J. /s/thin sin (stop:/t/, /d/) (fricative:/s/, /z/) E. //SJSJ[footnoteRef:12] [11: S:[]cf. (1975)] [12: Muljacic (1969; 1974)]

(5)Chomsky and Halle (1968) 2Jakobson-Fant-Halle [footnoteRef:13] () [13: Harms (1968), Chomsky and Halle (1968). ]

Di Pietro (1971; 1974) (stock) [consonantal][vocalic](Ch)[aspiration][voice](E)[voice][b], [d], [g][p], [t], [k][aspiration]

Ch:[ph]

Ch:[p]

E:[p]

E:[b]

voice

aspiration

[ph]Ch. [p]E. [b]E. bill[bil][pil]E. [b]Ch. /p/[voice]

ciudad/yu'dad/ciudades/yu'dades/ */yu'dadz/ (p. 199).

Di Pietro*/yudadz/S. /a/E. ///yudades/ (E://)

[]

(simplicity)

1. 2.

(1. 1) (6) [footnoteRef:14] [14: Politzer (1954), Yao Shen (1955, 1959), Weinreich (1957), Moulton (1962, 1968)]

(phonetic field)[footnoteRef:15] [15: TrierWeisgerber(semantic field)fieldhman (1953)]

(1) [ph]----- (2) [p]----- (3) [b]

(1) [ph][p](2) [p][b]

(1)[p] [h][a]

(2)[p] [a]

(3)[b][a]

(1) [ph]----- (2) [p]----- (3) [b](unidimensional phonetic field) [footnoteRef:16] [16: (bidimensional).

[p][ph][b]

(1) [ph] (2) [p] (3) [b](Hindi)(Marathi)3[bh]

[p] [ph][b] [bh]]

( [ph] [p] [b]/p//b//p//b/)

/#____V//s___V/

/a/-------[b]-------/c/

/#____V/[ph]

(AB[a]/a//a/[b]/b/)

AB(under-differentiation) BA(over- differentiation) [footnoteRef:17] [17: Weinreich (1953; 1976), pp. 37-38. ]

[p][b]Ch:/b/bill[bil][pil][p]/p/[b]/b/[footnoteRef:18] [18: /#___V/Ch:/p/[b] /b/(attraction)]

2S. /xV/, /xwV/, /fV/, /fwV/J. /hV/, /hwV//x/, /f//V//w/+/V/2

(/xa/ [xa][xua]/xwa//fa/ [fa][fua]/fwa/)

/ha//hwa/

(J. /ha/ [ha]J. /hwa/ [a]S:/xa/ [xa]S:[xua]/xwa/S:/fa/ [fa]S:[fua]/fwa/)

S. /xa/J. /ha/S. /fa/, /fwa/, /xwa/J. /hwa/

3S. /r, ri, l, li/J. /r, ry/

(/r/ [r]// [] /l/ [l]// [])

J. /r/J. /ry/

( [r] /r/[rj][][l]/ry/[j] [lj])

([r]J. /r/S. /ry/[rj][][l]S. /y/J. /ry/[j][lj] :[]S. // : /ly/)

S. //J. /ry/S. /r/, //, /l/J. /r/

(Korrelation) (Korrelationsbndel) [footnoteRef:19] [19: Trubezkoy (1939, 1969): 66ff. Martinet (1955), pp. 99-100. ]

McCawley (1968, pp. 91-99) p, t, k, s, b, ...py, ty, ky, sy, by, ...[sharp][sharp]J. n[n]ny[]J. g[]gy[+][voice][p] :[b]=[k] :[g][p] :[b]=[k] :[g]2 () n : ny = g : gyn, ny, gy, g1

([p][b][k][g][n][][+][])

2/n/ : /ny/=/g/ : /gy/

([n][][][+])

/kani/ [kai]/kagi/ [ka+i][sharp][footnoteRef:20][][+]2 [20: S. /n/ : //, /l/ : //[sharp]]

2(1974)

kontrastiv() () konfrontativ

1. 3.

(1)(2)

[footnoteRef:21] [21: I. P. A. (R. F. E. , 1915) cf. Internatinal Phonetic Association (1949), (1950). ]

(1)(easy), (2)(usual), (3)(careful)3(2) (1), (3) (1)(3) (1) (2)[footnoteRef:22](3) [footnoteRef:23] [22: Fries (1945, 1957m p. 110)matter-of-fact conversation] [23: Ebeling (1967). (1965; 1967: 367-391)]

[footnoteRef:24]Bloch (1950; 1975: 115) [24: cf. Fries and Pike (1949). ]

Fries and Pike (1945)

Wenk (1966) 3

(1) Pure Japanese

(2) Sino-Japanese

(3) Western borrowings

McCawley (1968) (1) Native, (2) Sino-Japanese and Onomatopoeia, (3) Foreign3strata of vocabulary

Lovins (1975b) (segment) (lexical stratification) [footnoteRef:25] (continuum) [25: Lovins (1975a)]

(foreignism) [footnoteRef:26][footnoteRef:27]/p/X (integrated) [26: Trnka (1966), pp. 50-57. ] [27: cf. Martinet (1955): 79. ]

(X/t//k//b//d//g/)

/...VQ___V...//p, t, k, c, s/5/iQpo/, /iQto:/, /iQsyo//h//maQha/, /goQho//g//d/ () /Q//h/hijo['ixo]/iQho/1

2

[footnoteRef:28] [28: (t['thu])(de Espaa[ds'pa])]

() [footnoteRef:29] [29: meta-language(1959: 14ff) "gathering""collation"(Hockett, 1958m p. 103ff)meta-linguisticinterviewgathering]

(bilingue) (diglotte)[footnoteRef:30] [footnoteRef:31][footnoteRef:32][footnoteRef:33] [30: cf. Tabouret-Keller (1967; 1972): 262. ] [31: (1965: 3)] [32: Stockwell and Bowen (1965), pp. 9-18. ] [33: Hirano Weitzman (1967). ]

(1943; 1963: 2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (4) (: 4)

()

(1) (2) (3) [footnoteRef:34]3 [34: () () ]

(1) (1954: 11)y right Perry (ear-route) [footnoteRef:35] [35: Weinreigh (1953; 1976): 58. ]

(Lehnwrter) () [footnoteRef:36] [36: (1976). ]

[footnoteRef:37] [37: (1964)81%6%, 3%2%]

() (spiral) (ad hoc)

2. 2. 0.

(segmental phoneme)

520

/y/

/w/

/i/

/u/

/e/

/o/

/a/

/p/

/t/

/k/

/b/

/d/

/g/

/c/

/f/

//

/s/

/x/

/m/

/n/

//

/l/

//

//

/r/

5173

/y/

/w/

/i/

/u/

/e/

/o/

/a/

/p/

/t/

/k/

/b/

/d/

/g/

/c/

/s/

/h/

/z/

/m/

/n/

/r/

H

Q

N

(1974, : . 31)[footnoteRef:38] [38: Jones (1950: 88)syllabic m, n, ]

/f, , x, , l, , r//h, z, Q, N, H/

[footnoteRef:39] [39: Malmberg (1948; 65), (1950): 229ff. ]

2. 1.

() [footnoteRef:40]S. /y/J. /H/(vocoid)J. /H/ [40: Pike (1943), pp. 66-79. Pikevocoidcontoid]

2. 1. 1.

5[*]

/i/: [i]

/e/: [e]

/a/: [a]

/o/: [o]

/u/: [u]

piso () /'piso/ ['piso]

peso () /'peso/ ['peso]

paso () /'paso/ ['paso]

poso () /'poso/ ['poso]

puso () /'puso/ ['puso]

Jones (1960: 31ff) (cardinal vowels) 18(vowel area)[footnoteRef:41] [41: Jones (1950): 93. ]

5

(1)

[footnoteRef:42] Navarro Tomsbelga () ['bla], vega () ['bea]/r/pero () [peo], perro () ['pro][footnoteRef:43] [42: (checked)(non-checked)] [43: Cf. Navarro Toms (1918; 1972): 52ff. ]

Navarro TomsBull (1965: 76)

S. [i][e][a][o][u]

[i], [e], [a], [o], [u]1(F1)2(F2)[u]F1F2

(2)

Navarro Toms (1918; 1974: 36)2Navarro Toms[footnoteRef:44][footnoteRef:45] [44: ] [45: NCV(-)#]

(1) N___N-C

nunca

()

['nu~ka]

(2) #___N-C

enfermo

()

[e~'femo]

(3) N___-NV

mano

()

['ma~no]

(4) #___-NV

ama

()

['a~ma]

(1)(2)/e/(3) (4)

(3)

Navarro Toms (1918; 1974: 45)/...___-#/, /'S-___-S#/, /___-'S-S#/[footnoteRef:46] [46: S'S]

(1) /...___-#/

espuma

()

[es'puma]

(2) /'S-___-S#/

rpido

()

['rapido]

(3) /___-'S-S#/

temeroso

()

[teme'oso]

Navarro Toms(p. 46) () (vowel reductionable['eibl] > ability['bilti])) firmo () ['fimo], firme () ['fime], firma () ['fima][o], [e], [a][footnoteRef:47]Frey (1974: 48)relaxed vowelFrey [47: Jones (1950: 176)/...a#//a/cf. Quilis y Fernndez (1969: 55). ]

(4)

Navarro Toms (1916, 1917)3[footnoteRef:48] [48: (citation form) () (a) Un muchacho. (b) Buscas a un muchacho. (c) Un muchacho te busca. cha(a) = (b) > (c)(intonation nucleus) () 1cf. (1976), pp. 369-370, n. 6. ()]

(1) 15~20c. s. (c. s. =1/100)[n][l]sof () [so'fa], ciudad () [ju'da(d)]

(2) 10~15c. s. [n], [l]2dato () ['dao], balcn () [bal'kon].

(3) 5~10c. s. 23costa () ['kosta], sbito () ['suito].

Navarro Toms

(2)suave () ['suae], causa () ['kausa]

+/y, w, l, /

pato () ['pato]//patio () ['patio]

copa () ['kopa]//copla () ['kopla]

lava () [laa]//labra () [laa]

2. 1. 2.

5

/i/: [i]

/e/: [e]

/a/: [a]

/o/: [o]

/u/: [+]

/koHiN/ [koiN]

/koHeN/ [koeN]

/koHaN/ [koaN]

/koHoN/ [kooN]

/koHuN/ [kouN]

J. [i][e][a][o][+]

[i], [e], [a], [o], [+]F12F2[+]

/H/

/obasaN/ [obasaN] : /obaHsaN/ [obasaN]

/syosai/ [osai] : /syoHsai/ [osai]

Han (1962: 63f)/ba//baH//a//aH/12. 5/b//ba//baH/12HanHan ()

/VH/

(1) /u/

/u/8[u][footnoteRef:49][s], [z], [ts], [dz][footnoteRef:50] [49: [+][]] [50: cf. (1929). ]

/u//m/[m][m,ma], [m,me]

(2)

Han (1962)4(a) ~ (d)

(a) /u/, /i/, /o/, /e/, /a//u/, /i//u/(p. 20)/u/[]neutral

(b) () /i/, /u/ (p. 23)

(c) Han () (p. 27) () /yamemasu#/ [yamemas][footnoteRef:51][s]/yamemasu#/[yamemas][] [51: ]

(d) Han[p, t, k, ts, t, , s, , , h]/i/, /u/(p. 28)()/pikurito/ [pikrito]; /acusa/ [atssa]. /i/, /u//kasu/ [kas]

2. 1. 3.

(1) S. /u/ : J. /u/

2. 1. 12. 1. 2/u/[s, z, ts, dz][][u](JP)S. /u/[footnoteRef:52](SP)J. /u/ [] [52: /u//u/]

J. /o/J. /u/S. /u/, S. /w/Juan () > J. /hoan/, bueno () > J. /boeno/.

/u/ : /o/, /wa/ : /oa/[footnoteRef:53] [53: toalla['toaa] >['tuaa]. ]

puso () /'puso/ [pso] : poso) /'poso][pso]

tu haya () /tu aya/ ['tuaja] : toalla () /to'aa/ [to'aa].

S. /u/S. /w/ (S. /i, e, a, o, u/= J. /i, e, a, o, ___/) J. /u/J. /o/

(2) J. /u/ [m]

S. /umV/humano () [u'mano]humedad () [ume'da(d)]>J. [m,mano], >J. [m,meda]

(3) J.

J. /i/J. /u/(2. 1. 2)J. /i//u//u/([t], [d], )E: book['bk] > J. /buQku/, E: class[kls] > J. /kurasu//i//u/

J. /i/J. /i/[pjikri], [titeki][kjik][iteN][ikei]JPS. artificial () > J. [atifi'ial]capital () [kapi'tal]instituto () > J. [insti'tuto]asistencia () > J. [asis'tenia]

/i//i/S. sistema () [sis'temas]/sus temas () [sus'temas]JP[istemas], [sstemas][i], [][stemas], [sstemas][footnoteRef:54] () JP/i/ [54: /-CVC-//-CyVC-//syukoH/ [ko] //sikoH/ [iko]. cf. (1971). ]

/i/ (S. [Ci]) /i/ (J. [Cji]) ()

J. /u/S. cucaracha () [kuka'ata] > J. [kkarata]Susana () [su'sana] > J. [ssana]JP

Lo supongo () /losu'pongo/ : Los pongo. () /los'pogo/

las suposiciones () /lasuposi'yiones/ : las posiciones () /lasposi'yones/

J. /u/JPLo ha supuesto () [loasu'puesto] > J. [loaspuesto]S. [su]Lo has puesto. () /u/[loaspuesto]S. [s]no subasta () [nosu'asta][su]JP[]nos basta () [nos'asta][]>J. [nosbasta]JPS. /u/

SP[taske] > S. [tasu'keu][footnoteRef:55] [55: () [tas'keu]3[ske][-ske-]]

(4) J.

Hara (1964: 371f)10 1/VH/JPS. [V]S. [V] (2. 1. 1) >J/VH/[footnoteRef:56] [56: Jp/VHN/ (2. 1. 2) S: balcn[bal'kon] > J. /barukoN/. JPSp/ey/, /ow/(>J. /eH/, /oH/)(2. 2)]

SPJp/V/ : /VH/ () 2 () /taNka//taNkaH/[footnoteRef:57][kokoro] >S. /kokoro/ [kokoo]Jp [57: (1974)() /koHcyoHsensei/ > S:/kocosensei/, /cyuHoHsen/ > S:/cyuosen/,/kiHte/ >/kite/]

( J. /V/ [V] [V] S:/V/ J. /VH/[V])

2. 2.

(vocoid)[footnoteRef:58] [58: S. [j], S. [w], J. [j], J. []IPA 1979(approximant)S. [j], [w]J. [j], [] (S. [j], [w]) [i], [u]]

2. 2. 1.

(1) (S). /y/

(S)/y//n,l,s,b,d/[][j][]/CyV/(complex peak)[footnoteRef:59] [59: Hockett (1955): 72f. (complex nucleus)]

22aS. /y/

[]

/#yV/

#Yo () ['o]

/n,l,s,b,d/=yV/

cnyuge () ['kouxe], el yeso () [e'eso]

[ ~ j]

/V. yV/

mayo () ['mao] ~ ['majo]

[i]

/. CyV/

piano () ['piano]

/#yV/[][]/n-yV/[]/l, s, b, d/[]/VyV/[]S. /y//VyV//#yV/

S (S. /CyV/) (S/V/)

patio/'patyo/ ['patio] : pacho/'paco/ ['pato]

unin/u'nyon/ [u'nion] : un/u'on/ [u'on]

dalia/'dalya/ ['dalia] : dalla/'daa/ ['daa]

(2) (J) /y/

(J) /y/

1. [j]

/#yV/

[ja]

/V. yV/

[kaja]

2. [j]

/CyV/ (C=bilabial)

[bjokji]

3.

/CyV/ (Cbilabial)

[kjak]

[j][footnoteRef:60]/kaya//goyoH//cuyu//VyV/ [60: (1951): 51. ]

2/C//CyV//yV/[a][j][footnoteRef:61] [61: (1951): 51. ]

3

yi

/syai/ [ai] :/siai/ [iai]

/nyoi/ [oi] :/ioi]

/y//i/[footnoteRef:62]/mici/ [miti]/sizimi/ [iimi] [62: Trubetzkoy (1939, 1969): 129fPolivanov (1959, 1979): 118fiypalatalized]

i/Ci/*/Cyi/

J. /syai//siaJ/

/sya//y//sy/ []/sia//i/

J. /syai/ /siaJ/

(3)

(a) /y/

/n//y/S/y/ [], []J[d], [] () S[j]J[j]/y/[d], []/zy/[j]/y/J[d], []S/y/ [], []

22cJ. /zy/

[d]

/#N. yV/

/zyoHkeN/ [dokeN], /kaNzyoH/ [kado]

[]

//V. yV/

/dozyoH/ [doo]

S1/y/J2/zy//y/(JP)S. /ya/>J. /ya/>J. /zya/#Yo ()> J. [do]/zyo/; mayo (5) > J . /maHyo/ [majo]~/maHzyo/ [mao].

(SP)[jama] : [dama][dojo] :[doo]

J. /doyoH/ J. /dozyoH/

/doyo/F1, F2/dozyo//zy/ []

J. /doyoH/J. /dozyoH/

S[], [] () J[d], []

S. []J. [d]

J[j]S. [j][]S. [j]S. []

/yi/ensayista () [ensa'ista][j][]JPJ. /zi/ [i]ear[] : year[j]

(b) y(/CyV/)

S. /CyV//Cy//yV//yV/ () piano['piano]

No te he dicho "plano"; te he dicho "pi-a-no". plano"pi-a-no"

[i][a][i][i]J/CyV//Cy/[kjoto]*[ki. o. to]

2. 2e

J

S

/CyV/

[][V]

/V/

[][CjV]

[j][CjV]

/CyV/

/CiV/

[i][CiV]

S/V/ [V] :/CyV/ [CjV] J/CyV/ [V]

2. 2f

/CV/

/CyV/

/po/ [po]

/pyo/ [pjo]

/bo/ [bo]

/byo/ [bjo]

/mo/ [mo]

/myo/ [mjo]

/so/ [so]

/syo/ [o]

/zo/ [(d)zo]

/dyo/ [(d)o]

/no/ [no]

/nyo/ [o]

/ro/ [o]

/ryo/ [jo]

(/co/ [tso])

/cyo/ [to]

/ko/ [ko]

/kyo/ [kjo]

/go/ [go~o]

/gyo/ [gjo~jo]

/ho/ [ho]

/hyo/ [o]

() /CyV//V//o//a//u/

(i) (ii) (iii)

(i) J. /abo/ /abyo/

(/abyo/ [abjo][j])

(ii) J. /aso//asyo/

(/asyo/ [ao][o])

(iii) J. /ago//agyo/

(/agyo/ [agjo])

/c/, //, //3J. /cy/, /ny/, /ry/S/c/, //, // J. /py, by, my, sy, zy, ky, gy, hy/S. /CyV/ [CjV]

JPS/V/S/CyV/// : /ny/un () [u'on] : unin () [u'njon];// : /ly/dalla () ['daa] : dalia () ['dalja].

/c/ : /ty/[footnoteRef:63]pacho () ['pato] : patio () ['patjo]. [63: /ti//paHtiH/ [pati]. ]

SPJ. /cyokiN/ [tokiN], /nyuHmoN]S[tokin], [umon]/byoHki/ [bjoki]/kyokutaN/ [kjokutaN]['bioki], [kioku'tan]

S. /CyV/ [CiV] J. /CyV/ [V] :/CiV/ [iV] S. /CyV/ [CiV] J. /CyV/ [V] J. /CiV/ [iV]2

22g

/CyV/

/Ci. V/

/pyo/ [pjo]

/pio/ [pio]

/byo/ [bjo]

/bio/ [bio]

/myo/ [mjo]

/mio/ [mio]

/syo/ [o]

/sio/ [io]

/dyo/ [(d)o]

/dio/ [(d)io]

/nyo/ [o]

/nio/ [io]

/ryo/ [jo]

/rio/ [jio]

/cyo/ [to]

/cio/ [tio]

/kyo/ [kjo]

/kio/ [kjio]

/gyo/ [gjo~jo]

/gio/ [gjio~jio]

/hyo/ [o]

/hio/ [io]

/CyV//Ci//V/hiatus

S/CyV/ [CiV]J/CyV/ [V] J/CiV/ [i. V]4

(i) S. /CyV//V/S/CyV//V//e, a, o, u/JP/V//u/S/Cy/[]/o, a//e/S/Cye/J/Ce/J/Cie/2 J/CyV/

viuda () /'byuda/ ['biuda] > J. /byuHda/ [bjda]

Piura () /'pyua/ ['piua] > J. /pyuHra/ [pja]

biologa () /byolo'xia][biolo'xia] > J. /byoHrohiHa/ [bjooia]~/bio-/ [bio-]

piano () /'pyano/ ['piano] > J. /piaHno/ [pjano]~/pia-/ [pia-]

pieza () /'pyea/ ['piea] > J. /pieHsa/ [piesa]

S. /Cye/ > J. /Ce//C//k, g, x/siguieron () [si'ieon]/...gye.../JP[sigeron]

quieto () /'kyeto/ ['kieto] : queso () /'keso/ ['keso]

rigieron () /ri'xyeron/ [ri'xieon] : dijeron () /di'xeron/ [di'xeon]

/e/[kje][kj][e][j][kj][kjj]JPS. quieto['kieto]>J. /kieHto/ >J. /keHto/*/kye.../

(ii) S/CyV/ > J/V/

ciudad () /yu'dad/ [iu'da(d]] > J/syuHdaH/ [da]

vs. citico () /syutiko/ [siutiko] > J. /syutiko/ [tiko]

(iii) S. /CyV//C//C/S/CyV/ > J/V/

/C/=S/t, d, , s, n, l, , r//y/JP1[footnoteRef:64] [64: /tyV/, /dyV//purodyuHsaH//tyV//dyV/S. diurno () ['diuno] >J. [djno]J. [dno]]

ciudad () /yu'dad/ [iu'da(d]] > J/syuHdaH/ [da]

siams () /sya'mes/ [sia'mes] > J. /syaHmeHsu/ [ames]

Niobe () /'nyobe/ ['nioe] > J. /nyoHbe/ [obe]

muri () /mu'yo/ [mu'io] > J. /muryoH/ [mjo]

J/t, d, c, s, z, n, r//Cya, Cyo Cyu//Cye//t, d//zyeQtoki/, /syepaHdo/. S. /Cye/ > J. /e/

S. cielo () /'yelo/ [ielo] > J. /syeHro/ [eo]

/C/= S/CyV/ > J/V/

viento () /'byento/ ['biento] > J. [biento]

comi () /ko'myo/ [ko'mio] > J. [komjo]

quiosco () /kyosko/ [kiosko] > J. [kiosko]

/u/S/CyV/ > J/V/

Piura/'pyua/ ['piua] > J. [pja]

(iv) S/CyV/ > J/V/hiatus (J. /Ci. V/)

JPS/CyV/ > J/V/

SPhiatus (J. /Ci. V/) Shiatus

J. /kioku/ [kjiok] > S. ['kioku]

J. /bioN/ [bjioN] > S. ['bion]

J. /kieN/ [kieN] > S. ['kien]

J. /kioku//kyoku/

hiatus

J./kioku/ :/kyoku/

(4) /w/

/w/

1. /#wV/, /n. wV/

[w]([gw]~[w])

#Huevo () /'webo/ ['wueo]

2. /V. wV/

[w]([w])

ahuecar () /awe'ka/ [awue'ka]

3. /. CwV/

[u]

aduana () /adwana/ [aduana]

1. [w]/n/[footnoteRef:65][gw]~[w]~[w][gw][w]2. /V. wV/[w]~[w][gw]3. [u]situado () hiatusu [65: /kon. webo//n/nuevo/nwebo/ [nueo]3]

S. /adwana/ S. /situada/

situada/u/

S. /adwana/ : S. /situada/

(5) /w/ [+]J. [+][footnoteRef:66]/a/[footnoteRef:67]/wa/ [+a]. [66: (1976: 33; 1996: 47-48). ] [67: /wi, we. wo/ () /wiNtaH/, /haiweH/, () /woHtaH/. */wu/]

/w/

/a//wa/[]/ya//a/([ja]). /awa//w/[a]

/ya/ /wa/ /awa/

/w//h/[pa][a][ha][footnoteRef:68][a][an], [aN][aN][][aN] : [haN] =[aN] :[aN]/aN/, /haN/, /waN//hwan/[an][][a]/hya/[a]/hwa/ [68: (1950): 29f. ]

[a]/hwa/Jones (1950: 243) /h/ *//[footnoteRef:69] [69: J/CwV//C//h//h/]

(6)

S. /w/J[g], [g], [], []

S. /w/J/guw/, /gu/, /uw/, /u/JPahueco/a'weko/ [a'wueko] ~ [a'weko]>J. /aguweHko/, /agueHko/, /aweHko/, /aueHko/S. /ad'wana/ [a'dwuana] > J. /adu'waHna/, /adua'na/

S. [gw], [w]J. [g]S. [w]J. [], []J[]

S. /w/ S. /Cw/[Cu]JP [CV][CV][CV]V /a/[CV]V /a/ J/wa//wV/[footnoteRef:70] [70: /we/, /wo/, /wi/J[CuV]]

guante () /'gwante/ ['gwuante] > J. /guwaNte/ [gante]

cuesta () /'kwesta/ ['kuesta] > J. /kuesuta/ [kesta]

/wa/, /wo/, /wo/JP /w/

vacuo () /'bakwo/ ['bakuo] > J. /baHko/

Nicaragua () /nika'agwa/ [nika'awua] > J. /nikaraga/

J/hwV//CwV//g, k, x//w/JP 1JPS

vacuo () /'bakwo/ [bakuo]

Baco () /'bako/ ['bako]

contiguo () /kon'tigwo/ [kon'tiwuo]

contigo () /kon'tigo/ [kon'tio]

J. /hwV/S. /fV/, /fwV/, /xwV//V//a/

S. /xa/ J. /ha/11 () S. /xwa/, /fa/, /fwa/ > J. /hwa/JPJP

fe () /'fe/ ['fe] : fue () /'fwe/ ['fue]

ferino () /fe'ino/ [fe'ino] : fuerino () /fue'ino/

juego () /'xwego/ [xueo] : fuego () /'fwego/ [fueo]

a Juan () /a 'xwan/ [a'xuan] : afn () /a'fan/ [a'fan]

S. /x/J. /h/S. /f/J. []

S. /fa/ [fa] : S. /xwa/ [xua]

[fa][xua]

S. /fa/ [fa] : S. /xwa/ [xua]

2. 2. 2.

(1)

/ey/ [ei] : veinte (20) /'beynte/ ['beinte]

/ay/ [ai] : baile () /'bayle/ ['baile]

/oy/ [oi] : boina () /'boyna/ ['boina]

/uy/ [ui] muy () /'muy/ [mui]

S[i]boy [footnoteRef:71] [71: cf. Navarro Toms (1918, 1972): 49. ]

S. /ya/ [ia]; S. /ay/ [ai]

S. /ya/ [ia]; S. /ay/ [ai]

(2)

J/aJ/, /oJ/, /uJ/3[footnoteRef:72]/eJ/ [ei]/eH/ [e] (hiatus) [footnoteRef:73] [72: cf. (1951): 185m (1965), (1968). ] [73: ]

/eJri/ [eii]~/eHri/ [ei] :/eiri/ [eii]

/kaJ/ [kai] :/kai/ [kai]

/koJ/ [koi] :/koi/ [koi]

/kuJ/ [ki] :/kui/ [ki]

/J//ka//kaJ/2/H//J/

J. /koJ/; K. /koi//J//koi//i/

J. /koJ/; /koi/

(3)

S. /Vy/11J. /VJ/12Cairo () /'kayo/ ['kaio] > J. /kaJro/ [kairo]. S

J/eJ/ > /eH/ S. /ey/ peinador () /peyna'do/ [peinado] > J. /peHnadoHr//ey//e/

reino () /'reyno/ ['reino] : reno () /'reno/ ['reno]

peina () /'peyna/ ['peina] : pena () /'pena/ ['pena]

(4)

/aw/ [au] : causa () /'kawsa/ ['kausa]

/ew/ [eu] : deuda () /'dewda/ ['deuda]

/ow/ [ou] : bou () /'bow/ ['bou][footnoteRef:74] [74: S. /ow/Gili Gaya (1966: 119)bouDalou, Masnou(Sousa, Louredo, Coutio)]

/y//w/ how ['h][][u]

(5)

J/J/ */W/ */aw, ew, ow/J. /i//o, a, u/[a][i][i][i]/u/[]

S. /aw, ew, ow/

/au//kau/ [ka]

/eu//keu/ [ke]

/ou//kou/ [ko]

J. /ou//oH//ou//oH/

/kousi/ [koi] :/koHsi/ [koi]

/youci/ [jouti] : /yoHci/ [joti]

(6)

S. /Vw/1J. /Vu/22

S. auto /'awto/ ['auto]() J. /au/[ato].

S. /aw//au/S. /w/J. /u/J/ou/ >/oH/JPS. /ow/[footnoteRef:75]Louredo/low'edo/ [lou'edo] > J. /roHreHdo/. [75: S. /ow/]

2. 32. 3. 2.

(1) /b, d, g/

S. /b, d, g/

/b/[b]

[]

/d/[d]

[d]

/g/[g]

[]

[g+]

[+]

[g-w]

[-w]

[b], [d], [g], [g+], [g-w]/n/[d]/l/

#Voy. /'boy/ [boi]

invierno/in'byeno/ [im'bieno]

#Dos2/'dos/ ['dos]

toldo/'toldo/ ['toldo]

indicar/indi'ka/ [indi'kar]

#gol/'gol/ ['gol]

pongo/'pongo/ ['pogo]

[], [d], [], [+], [-w][footnoteRef:76] [76: [d](mellow)[] (father [f:])(strident)[d][][][]Hazlo. /'alo/ ['alo](2011: 15).]

pavo/'pabo/ ['pao]

acuerdo/'akwerdo/ ['akuedo]

pagar/pa'gar/ [pa'a]

seguir/se'gir/ [se'i]

agua/'agwa/ [awua]

[g+][+]/i/, /y/[g-w][-w]/u/, /w/

/b//d//u/, /w/[bw], [w];[dw], [dw]/o/

/b/, /d/, g/ () S/p, t, k/ S/f, , s, x//b, d, g/3/f, , s, x/4/b/[]/f/ [f], /d/[d]// []/g/[]/x/ [x][][f]([][x]) /p, t, k/[, d, ]/b, d, g//p, t, k/

(2) /b, d, g/

/b/[b]

[]

[bj]

[j]

/d/[d]

/g/[g]

[g+]

[g-]

[]

[+]

[-]

[b]/N//beNri/ [beni];/koNbaN/ [kombaN]

[]/abunaJ/ [anai].

/b//i, y/[bj], [j]/byoHki/ [bjokji];

/d/[d]/daidokoro/ [daidokoro].

[g+] () /e, i, y//giNza/ [gindza], /geNki/ [g+ek+i].

[g-]/o/5/gozi/ [g-oi].

[g]/gaJkoku/ [gaik-ok].

[+]/e, i, y//kagi/ [ka+i].

[-]/o//kago/ [ka-o].

[]/kagamu/ [kaam].

/o/

(3)

(a) S/b/ J/b/. [][b][][][][b]

(b) S/d/J/d/. [d][d][d]S[d] J/d/

(c) S/g/ J/g/. S/k/ J/k/ (2. 3. 1. 3)J/g(u) /S/g(u) /J/g(i) /

(d) [bw][w], [dw], [dw], [gw], [w][bj], [j], [dj], [gj]

J[], [+], [-] (2. 6. 3. 2)

J. /g/

/kago//g/[g][][]2 waveform

[kago] [kao] [kao]

2. 3. 1.

(1) /p, t, k/

/p/: [p], [pw]

/t/: [t], [tw]

/k/: [k+], [k], [kw]

peso /'peso/ ['peso]

prado /'pado/ ['pado]

plaza /'plaa/ ['plaa]

tiza /'tia/ ['tia]

tres 3/'tes/ ['tes]

queso /'keso/ ['keso]

crudo /'kudo/ ['kudo]

/tl-/Tlascala () [tlas'kala]. (lateral release) [t(a)la...]/tl/atlas[at. las]

[l]

[tl-] [tl-]

[p w], [t w], [k w]/o/, /u/, /w//o/

puerco /'pweko/ ['pwueko]

tnel /'tunel/ ['twunel]

cuento /'kwento/ [kwuento]

cola /'kola/ [kwola]

[k+]/i, y/[k] e, a, o, r, l/[k-]/u, w/

qumico/'kimiko/ ['k+imiko]

quieto/'kyeto/ ['k+ieto]

cama/'kama/ ['kama]

clima/'klima/ ['klima]

cuna/'kuna/ ['kuna]

cuento/'kwento/ ['kuento]

(2) /p, t, k/

/p/: [p], [pj]

/t/: [t]

/k/: [k+j], [k], [k]

[p], [t], [k]/i, y/

/paN/ [paN]

/teN/ [teN]

/kaN/ [kaN]

[pj][kj]/i/, /y/

800/haQpyaku/ [happjak]

/kyoku/ [k+jok]

/kiku/ [k+jik]

[k+j]/k/[k]/e/[k+j]/kesa/ [k+esa]

(3)

()

(a) /u//w/puso/'puso/ ['pwuso]. /u/[]/puriN/ [piN].

(b) /i//y/

(c) S/t/J/t/.

(d) S/k/ J/k/

() ()

S. [k+(i)]-------[k+ (e)]----------------[k(a)]------[k-w(o)]-------[k-w(u)]

J. [k+j(i)]-------[k+ (e)]--------[k()]------[k(a)]-------[k-w(o)]

J. [k()] S. [k-w(u)][k(a)][k(o)]J[]J[kj(i)]

S/k/, J/k/

2. 42. 4. 1. /c/

/c/

/c/[t]

[tw]

[t]/i, y, e, a//y/

muchacho () /mu'caco/ [mu'tato]

coche () /'koce/ ['kote]

Chiapas () /'cyamas/ ['tiapas].

[tw]/u, o, w/

chupar () /cu'par/ [twupa]

chueco () /'cweko/ ['twueko]

mucho () /'muco/ ['mutwo]

2IPA1

muchacho[mu'tato]

2. 4. 2. /c/

/c/

/c/:[ts]

[t]

[ts]/u/

/kacu/ [kats].

[t]/i, y/

/cikara/ [tikaa]

/ocya/ [ota].

J. [ti][ts]

[ta, ti, ts, te, to]

2. 4. 3.

(1) /cu/ [ts]

J. /cu/ [ts]S. [s]

/c//s/ S. [t] J. /c/ S. [s] J. [s] /s/J. [t] S. /c/J. [ts], [s] S/s/ J. /c/ : /s/[footnoteRef:77] [77: /k//ks/friccin () /frik'yon/, examen () /ek'samen//k-/, /k-s/etctera /et'etera//ek'etera/]

/cumi/ [tsmi]

/sumi/ [smi]

S/c/ [t]J. [t]S. [t]J. [t]S[t]J. [t]

[t][t]

[t][t] (1996: 50) [t] (palato-alveolar affricate) [t] (alveolo-palatal affricate) (id.: 50) (id.: 41-42) [][](alveolopalatal fricative) [][t]J. [t]S. [t]Quilis (1993: 290) X chico () ['tiko]/i/

2. 52. 5. 1. /f, , s, x/

/f/[f]

//[]

/s/[s]

/x/[x]

[x+]

[x-w]

falda () /'falda/ ['falda]

cerca () /'erka/ ['eka]

sopa () /'sopa/ ['sopa]

bajo () /'baxo/ ['baxo]

/u, w/[f w, w, s w , xw]/o/

2. 5. 2. /s, z, h/

/s/[s]

[]

/z/[z]

[]

[dz]

[d]

/h/[h]

[]

[][footnoteRef:78] [78: Ich-laut[h(i)]]

[v]

[]

[v][footnoteRef:79] [79: []substitucin ()-b-[h()]]

[s, z, dz, h, , , v]/e, a, o, u//sa/ [sa], /kazu/ [kaz], /giNza/ [gindza], /heNzi/ [hedi], /huruJ/ [i]. [, v]/u, w//ohuro/ [ovo], /hwaN/ [aN].

[, , d, , v]/i. y//okasi/ [okai], /dozyoH/ [doo], /kaNzyoH/ [kado], /hito/ [ito]/kaJhi/ [kaii].

[z, ][dz, d]/N/

[h, , ][, v, v]/N/

2. 5. 3

(1) S. /f/ : /x/J. /h/

/h/[footnoteRef:80] [80: cf. (1972: 296). ]

(a) /hwi//hu/ ([]), (b) /he//ho/ ([h]), (c) /hi//hyu/ ([]) 3

(a) S. /fV, fwV, xu, xwV/J. /hw, hu/

/w/2. 2. 1.S. /fu/, /xu/J. /hu/

S. /f/S. /x/[footnoteRef:81]/u/S. /fu//u/ J. /hu/ []/xu//u/J. /hu/ []S. /fu/S. /xu/jugo () ['xuo]*['fuo] [81: (graveness) ]

fusta () /'fusta/ ['fusta]

justa () /'xusta/ ['xusta]

J. /hu/ []S. /fu/S. /xu/

[fu]

[]

[xu]

J. /hu/

S. /fu/

S. /xu/

(b) S. /x/ [x]J. /h/ [h]

/he//ho/ S. /x/ [x] J. /k//n. x//x//k/

zanja () /'anxa/ ['axa]

zanca () /'anka/ ['aka]

(c) S. /x/J. /h/ ([])

(c)[]/xi/ [x+i], /xye/ [x+ie], /xya/ [x+ia], /xyo/ [x+io], /xyu/ [x+iu]

J. []S. [x+] J/k/

ojitos () /o'xitos/ [o x+itos] > J. /okiHtos/.

S. [x+]J[][footnoteRef:82] [82: cf. Navarro Toms (1918: 142. /k, g, x/aqu () [a'k+i]aj () [a'x+i]/segu () [se'+i][+]aj [x+] + (mellow) / + (strident)]

(d) J. /h/

/h/[footnoteRef:83] [83: (1929b: 51), (1951: 48). [v]()[v]()]

[]

[v]

[v]

S/x/, S/f//gohaN/ [goaN]*/goan//kaJhiseH/ [kaivise]/kayse/

(2) S. // : /s/ J. /s/ : /z/

// : /s/ /s/ : /z/

(a) S. // : /s/J. /s/

S. [] S. [s] J/s/[footnoteRef:84] [84: E. // S. // (mellow) S. //]

caza () /'kaa/ ['kaa]

casa () /'kasa/ ['kasa]

cocer () /koer/ [ko'e]

coser () /ko'ser/ [ko'se]

S. [s] (apex) retroflex[s] (blade)

S. [s]J/sy/coser [ko'se]/kosyeHru//___ y, i/ S. [s] J. []J. /s//i/casi () [kasi] > J. [kai].

(b) S. /s/ J. /s/ : /z/

J/s/ : /z/ S/s/[s][z]/s/[footnoteRef:85] [85: [z]mismo () /'mismo/ ['mizmo]. ]

/sikeN/ [ikeN]

/zikeN/ [dikeN]

/kasu/ [kas]

/kazu/ [kaz]

J. /zi//zyV/ S. /yi//yV/J./koHzyoH/ [koo] > S. /'koyo/ ['kojo][footnoteRef:86]. [86: cf. 2. 2. 1 (3)]

/sikeN//i/

J. /sikeN/ [ikeN] /zikeN/ [dikeN]

(c) S. /s/ : /c/ J. /s/ : /z/ : /c/

/s/[s, ], /z/[z, z, dz, d], /c/[ts, t]

J. /s/

J. /z/

J. /c/

[s]

[z]

[ts]

[dz]

[]

[]

[t]

[d]

J. [] S. /c//sika/ [ika] > S. /cika/ [tika]. [][]J. [], [d] S. /y/

S. /s/

S. /y/

[s]

[z]

[ts]

[dz]

[, ]

[,]

[t, t]

[d, ]

S. /c/

2. 6. 2. 6. 1. /n, n, /

/m/[m]

/n/[n]

//[]

mano () /'mano/ ['mano]

pena () /'pena/ ['pena]

nio () /'nio/ ['nio]

/u, w/[m w, n w, w]/o/

/mi, me, ma, mo, mu/

/ni, ne, na, no, nu/

/i, e, a, o, u/

2. 6. 2. /m, n/

/m/[m]

[mj]

/n/[n]

[]

/mame/ [mame]

/mimi/ [mjimji]

/nuno/ [nno]

/ihoN/ [ihoN]

//+

/i, e, a, o, u/

2. 6. 3

(1)S. /m/J. /m/

[mj]S. /my//myoHnici/ [mjoiti] > S. /myonici/ [mioniti]/mionici/

J. /myo/ J. /mio/

J. /myo/ J. /mio/

(2)S. /n/, //J. /n/, /g/

S. /n/ [n], // [], J. n/ [n], [] J. /g/[+], [], [-]

2

(a) S. /n/ : // J. /n/

J. /n//n/// S. ///e, a, o, u, w/ J. /ny/ S. ///i/J. /ni/S. /ni/ [ni]S. /i/

teido () /te'ido/ [te'ido] : tenido () /te'nido/ [te'nido]

ce () /e'i/ [e'i] : cenit () /e'nit/ [e'nit]

(b) S. // J. /n/ : /g/

/g/[]/i/S. //// J. [+]S. //J. /ni/ [i]J. /gi/ [+i]

/kagi/ [ka+i] :/kani/ [kai]

/kigi/ [ki+i : /kini/ [kii]

2. 2. 7. 1. /l, , , r/

/l/[l]

//[][footnoteRef:87] [87: ///y/]

//[]

/r/[r]

lana () /'lana/ ['lana]

pero () /peo/ [peo]

perro () /'pero/ ['pero]

calle () /'kae/ ['kae]

/u, w/[l w, w, w, rw]/o/

2. 7. 2./r/

/r/

/r/[l]

[]

[]

/karada/ [kalada] ~ [kaada] ~ [kaada]

/i//y/ ([lj], [j], [j]) J. /r/

2. 7. 3.

(1) S. /l/ : //J. /r/ : /ry/

/l/ : // J. /r//ry/S. // []J. /ry/ [lj]S. //J. /ry/S. []

/ryokoH/ [ljoko]

J. /ry/ [lj] S. [l]S[]S. // : /ly//i/ : /li/

Al () /a'li/ [a'li] : all () /a'i/ [a'i]

(2) S. /l/ : // : /r/J. /r/

/l/, //, /r/

pelo () /'pelo/ ['pelo] : pero () /'peo/ ['peo] : perro () /'pero/ ['pero]

[l], [], [r]J. /r//l/ : ///r///[footnoteRef:88] [88: Navarro Toms (1918, 1972, p. 205) cigarro () [r] 13. 6 c. s. disparo () [] 2. 5 c. s. fortis / lenis / cf. Alarcos Llorach (1959), Allen (1964), Pottier (1972). Stockwell, Bowen and Silva-Fuenzalida (1956, 1965)[r]cluster// [] perro [peo][pero]]

J/r//l//r/

S. /li, le, la, lo, lu/

S. /i, e, a, o, u/

2///i//li//i/

S. /i, e, a, o, u/

S. /ri, re, ra, ro, ru/

//2~3 c. s. Navarro Toms()/r///103~6

J. [i, e, a, o,]

[]

S. /a/ J. /lya/

S. /a/J. /lya/[ljia][i]

S. /pelo//peo//pero/

S. /l//r/S. ///l////r/

2. 8.

2. 8. 1.

/p~b, t~d, k~g, f, , s, x, n, l, , r/

(1) S. /p~b/, /t~d/, /k~g/

/p, b, t, d, k, g/ (/Co/ : /Cv/)

/p. Co/cpsula ()[p][]

/p. Cv/

/b. Co/objeto ()[][]

/b. Cv/submarino ()[]

/t. Cv/etctera ()[t][]

/t. Cv/tnico () [t][d]

/d. Co/adquirir ()[d][]

/d. Cv/admirar ()[d]

/k. Co/actor ()[k][x]

/k. Cv/tcnico () [k][]

/g. Co/zigzag ()[][x]

/g. Cv/signo ()[]

/p/ : /b/, /t/ : /d/, /k/ : /g/

cpsula () /'kapsula/ ['kapsula] ~ ['kasula]

objeto () /ob'xeto/ [o'xeto] ~ [o'xeto]

etctera () /et'etea/ [et'etea] ~ [e'etea]

adquirir () /adki'i/ [adki'i] ~ [aki'i]

actor () /ak'to/ [ak'to] ~ [ax'to]

zigzag () /ig'ag/ [i'a] ~ [ix'a]

(2) S. /f, , s, x/

S. /f, , s, x/

biftek () /bif'tek/ [bif'tek]

afgano () /af'gano/ [af'ano]~[af'ano]

gazpacho () /ga'paco/ [ga'pato]

gozne () /'gone/ ['gone]~['gone]

pescar () /pes'ka/ [pes'ka]

mismo () /'mismo/ ['mismo]~['mismo]

reloj pequeo () /re'lox pe'keo/ [re'lox pe'keo]

reloj grande () /re'lox 'grande/ [re'lox 'rande]~[re'lox 'rande]

/f//x/

[] (//) [d] (/d/) (stridency) [footnoteRef:89] S. /f, , s, x//b, d, g/ [89: cf. (1975). ]

(3) S. /n/

S. /n/

/n/

[m]_____-/p, b/

[]_____-/f/

[n.]_____-//

[n]_____-/t, d/

[n]_____-/s, l, r, #/

[]_____-/c, , /

[+]_____-/ki, ke, gi, ge, xi, xe/

[]_____-/ka, ga, xa/

[-]_____-/ko, ku, go, gu, xo, xu, w/

campo () /'kanpo/ ['kampo]

confianza () /kon'fyana/ [ko'fiana]

once (11) /'one/ ['on.e]

dnde () /'donde/ ['donde]

cansado () /kan'sado/ [kan'sado]

concha () /'konca/ ['kota]

conquista () /kon'kista/ [ko+'kista]

manga () /'manga/ ['maga]

ronco () /'ronko/ ['ro-ko]

/n/

S. /n/

campo/'kanpo/ ['kampo], confianza/kon'fyana/ [ko'fiana]

once/'one/ ['on.e], dnde/'donde/ ['donde]

cansado/kan'sado/ [kan'sado], concha /'konca/ ['kota]

conquista/kon'kista/ [ko+kista], manga/'manga/ ['maga]

ronco /'ronko/ ['ro-ko]

(4) S. /l/

S. /l/

/l/

[l.]_____ -//

[l]_____ -/t, d/

[l]_____ -p, b, m, f, s, n, r, k, g, x, #/

[]_____ -/c, , y/

alzar () /al'ar/ [al. 'ar]

caldo () /'kaldo/ ['kaldo]

pulpo () /'pulpo/ ['pulpo]

el chico () /el'ciko/ [e'tiko]

/l//n/

S. /l/

alzar/al'ar/ [al. 'ar], caldo /'kaldo/ ['kaldo]

pulpo/'pulpo/ ['pulpo], el chico/el'ciko/ [e'tiko].

(5) S. /r/

[][r]

carne () /'karne/ ['kane] ~ ['karne]

comer () /ko'mer/ [ko'me] ~ [ko'mer]

S. /r/

S. carne /'karne/ ['kane] ~ ['karne]

S. comer /ko'mer/ [ko'me] ~ [ko'mer]

2. 8. 2.

2/H, J, Q, N/ (contoid) /Q//N/

(1) J. /Q/

/Q/

J. /Q/

[p]___ -/p/

[t]___ -/t, ce, ca, co, cu/

[t]___ -/ci, cy/

[k+]___ -/ki, ke/

[k]___ -/ka, ku/

[k-]___ -/ko/

[s]___ -/se, sa, so, su/

[]___ -/si, sy/

[h]___ -/ha, he, ho/

[]___ -/hi/

[?]___ -/#/

/iQpaJ/ [ippai]

/iQtaJ/ [ittai]

/iQci/ [it-ti]

/iQki/ [ik+ki]

/iQkaJ/ [ikkai]

/iQko/ [ik-ko]

/iQsin/ [iiN]

/iQseki/ [isseki]

/baQha/ [bahha]

/aQ/ [a?]

J. /Q/

J. iQpaJ/ [ippai] /iQtaJ/ [ittai] /iQci/ [it-ti]

J. /iQki/ [ik+ki] /iQkaJ/ [ikkai] /iQko/ [ik-ko]

J. /iQsin/ [iiN] /iQseki/ [isseki]

J. /baQha/ [bahha]/aQ/ [a?]

(2) J. /N/

/N/[footnoteRef:90] [90: cf. (1976: 58). ]

J. /N/

[m]___/p,b, m/

[n]___/t, d, z, n, r/

[]___/ci, cy, zi, zy, ni, ny/

[+]___/ki, ky, ke, gi, gy, ge/

[]___/ku, ka, gu, ga/

[-]___/ko, go/

[i-~]___/s/

[i~]___/i, y, hi/

[~]___/u, hu, w, hw, ho, o/

[e~]___/e, he/

[e-~]___/a, ha/

[N]___ #

/kiNpacu/ [kimpats]

/seNdeN/ [sendeN]

/heNzi/ [hedi]

/teNki/ [te+k+i]

/buNgu/ [bgu]

/giNkoH/ [gi-ko]

/keNsa/ [kesa]

/hiNi/ [ii~i]

/aNuN/ [a~N]

/seNeN/ [see~eN]

/daNacu/ [da~ats]

/udoN/ [doN]

[N][footnoteRef:91]/N/2don [do] [91: Takebayashi (1976: 31): "(...) the oral closure is often very loose. "]

J. /N/

(a) /kiNpacu/ [kimpats], /seNdeN/ [sendeN], /heNzi/ [hedi]

(b) /teNki/ [te+k+i], /guNguN/ [gguN], /giNkoH/ [gi-ko]

(c) /keNsa/ [kesa], /hiNi/ [ii~i], /aNuN/ [a~N]

(d) /seNeN/ [see~eN], /daNacu/ [da~ats], /udoN/ [doN]

2. 8. 3.

(1) S. /p~b, t~d, k~g/ : J. /Q/, /Cu, Co/

/p~b, t~d, k~g//Q/[footnoteRef:92]/Q/ [92: 3. 2. 3. ]

/CV/ S. /C1-C2/ > J. / C1u-C2/S. /C1//t, d/> J. / C1o-C2/

cpsula /'kapsula/ > J. /kapusura/

tnico /'etniko/ > J. /etoniko/

/Q/ S. [kasula] > *J. /kaQsura//Q/

obvio () /'obbyo/ [oio] > J. /oQbio/

S. /p, t, b/

S. /'kapsula /etniko/ /'obbyo/

/Q-C//Q/ ( 4. 2. 14)

/iQpaJ/ [ippai] > S. /ipay/ [ipai]

/Q/

J. /'iQpai/

(2) S. /f, , s, x/ : J. /Cu, Co/

/s, , s, x/ J. /hu, su, su, ho/

S. afgano /af'gano/ [af'ano] > J. /ahugano/

S. gazpacho /ga'paco/ [ga'pato] > J. /gasupaHcyo/

S. pescar /pes'ka/ [pes'ka] > J. /pesukaHru/

S. /f/ > J. /hu/J/h(u) / [] S. [f]S. /, s//u/J. /su/S. /x/ > J. /jo/ J. /o/

J. /su/ pesca () ['peska] > J. ['peska][], [s][s]

S. /f, , s/

S. /af'gano//ga'paco//pes'ka/

(3) S. /n/ : J. /N/

S. /n. / J. /N/J. /N/J. /CV//CVn/1 (4. 2.)/n/ J. /N/

S. /n. /J/N/

S. /n. C //C//p, b, t, d, l, r, c, , y, k, g/

S. campo () /'kampo/ ['kampo] > J. /kaNpo/ [kampo]

S. tanto () /'tanto/ ['tanto] > J. /taNto/ [tanto]

S. pongo () /'pongo/ ['pogo] > J. /poNgo/ [pogo]

S. /n/

S. /'kampo//'tanto//'pongo/

/C//m, n//n/[m, n]

conmemorar () /konmemo'ra/ [komemo'a] ~ [komemo'a]

connotar () /konno'ta/ [kono'ta] ~ [kono'ta]

S. /nm, nn/

S. /konmemo'a//konno'ta/

J. /N/

/aNma/ [am.ma]

/koNnan/ [kon.naN]

J. /Nm, Nn/

J. /aNma//koNnaN/

S. conmemorar/koNmemoraHru/ [kommemoa]/'konan/ ['konan]

S. /C//f, , s, x/

confianza /kon'fyana/ [kofiana]

once /'one/ ['oNe]

cansado /kan'sado/ [kan'sado]

zanja /'anxa/ ['axa]

S. /nf, ns/

S. /kon'fyana//'one/

S. /kan'sado//'anxa/

S. /f, , s, x/[(), s(), s(), h(o)]/N/[~, ~, ~, ~]

confianza/konfyana/ [kofiaNa] > J. /koNhwiansa/ [ko~ia~sa]

once /'one/ ['oNe] > J. /oNse/ [o~se]

cansado /kan'sado/ [kan'sado] > J. /kaNsaHdo/ [ka~sa:do]

zanja /'anxa/ ['axa] > J. /saNha/ [sa~ha]

S. /n/ : J. /Ns/

S. /'one/> J. /oNse/

*/n-V//-nV/[footnoteRef:93]/N-V / [93: ( - ) ]

/hiNi/ [ii~i]

/aNuN/ [a~N]

/seNeN/ [see~eN]

/daNacu/ [da~ats]

> S. /'xini/, /'anun/, /'senen/, /a'natsu/[footnoteRef:94] [94: (spelling pronunciation) ]

J. /N/+

J. /hiNi//aNuN/

J. /seNeN//daNacu/

(4) S. /l/ : J. /ru/

S. /l//ru//u//r/

alzar /al'a/ [al.'a] > J. /arusaHru/ [asa]

caldo /'kaldo/ ['kal do] > J. /karudo/ [kaudo]

pulpo /'pulpo/ [pulpo] > J. /purupo/ [ppo]

el chico /el'ciko/ [e'tiko] > J. [etiko]

S. /lp/ : J. /rup/

S. /'pulpo/ [pulpo]J. /purupo/ [ppo]

(5) J. /Q/

J. /Q/[footnoteRef:95] (3. 3. 1) /Q/[footnoteRef:96]J. /Q/ [95: cf. (1963: 371. ] [96: cf. (1968: 61. /Q/]

(a)

J. /Q/[footnoteRef:97]3 (esdrjula) J. /Q/ [97: cf. Navarro Toms (1918: 389. ]

se () /'ese/ ['ese] > J. /eQse/ [esse]

afectsimo () /afek'tisimo/ [afek'tisimo] > J. /ahwekutiQsimo/

S. /s/ : J. /Qs/

S. /'ese/ ['ese] > J. /eQse/ [esse]

(b)

[footnoteRef:98] [98: cf. Navarro Toms (1918: 391.]

1. /r, c/ ()

2. /f, , s, x/

3. /p, t, k/

4. /, /

5. /m, n, l/

6. /b, d, g/

7. // ()

12/c, f, , s, x/ J. /Q/[footnoteRef:99]S. /r/J. /Q/[footnoteRef:100] [99: S. /c/ J. /Q/lechero () [le'tero] J. /reQcyeHro/] [100: J. /Q//baQku/, /beQto//baQha/, /goQho/]

bufo () /'bufo/ ['bufo] > J. /buQhwo/

hice () /'ie/ ['ie] > J. /iQse/

cosa () /'kosa/ ['kosa] > J. /'koQsa/

hijo () /'ixo/ ['ixo] > J. /iQho/

S. /x/ : J. /Qh/

S. /'ixo/ ['ixo] > J. /iQho/

3./p, t, k/ J. /Q//p, t, k/ (plosiveness) [footnoteRef:101]/Q/J. / Q. C/[footnoteRef:102] [101: cf. (1954, 1967: 159] [102: Becquer (Gustavo Adolfo ~) ['beke] [k] /beQkeru/ (spelling pronunciation) ]

(c)

J. /Q/

piojo () /'pyoxo/ [pioxo] > J. /pioQho/

tauja ( ) /'tawxa/ > J. /tauha/

S. /awx/

S. /'pyoxo//'tawxa/

(d)

J. /Q//Q/[]

/toQsiN/ [toiN]

/to=sisiN/ [toiN]

J. /Qs/, /sis/

J. /toQsiN//to=sisiN/

Vas solo. () J. /Q/ adolescencia () /Q/[footnoteRef:103] [103: Vas solo. /baQsoHro/]

Vas solo. () /'bas='solo/ [bas'solo] > J. /basusoro/

adolescencia () /adoles'ensya/ [adolesensia] > J. /adoreQsensia/

S. /ss/, /s/

S. /'bas='solo//adoles'ensya/

3.

[footnoteRef:104][footnoteRef:105] [104: cf. Heffener (1950: 163ff). ] [105: O'Connor-Trim (1953)Haugen (1956) (phonotactics) ]

/C1LSVSC2C3/C1/f/LSVC2/p, b. t. d. k, g, n, l, r, / C3/s//SVS/ (nucleus) () /V//SV/, /VS/, /SVS/

/CyVM1M2//Cy//yV/M1/Q, N//VM1/

[footnoteRef:106] [106: cf. (1971: 16-18). ]

C-VC+

3. 1. 3. 1. 1.

C-3

C-2

C-1

V

C+1

C+2

C+3

/p, t, k/

/b, d, g/

/f/

---

/c/

/, s, x/

/m, n, /

/, r, /

//

/l/

/y/

/w/

/i/

/e/

/a/

/o/

/u/

/y/

/w/

/p~b/

/t~d/

/k~g/

---

/n/

/l/

//

//

/s/

51C-3, C-2, C-1C+1, C+2, C+3C-321//, /l/(/p, t, k, b, d, g, f/)(/c, , s, x, m, n, , r, /)C+2/s/(/p, b, t, d, k, g/)(n, l, , )

/V/: piso (), peso (), pan ()

-1/SV/: viento (), abuelo ()[footnoteRef:107] [107: S. /yi/rayito (< rayo () + ito ()) ]

-2/VS/: causa (), voy ()

-3/SVS/: limpiis ()

(1)

(a)

Nunca atiende. () ['nuka a'tiende] >['nuka 'tiende]

(b)

Ya s el tema. () ['a 'se el 'tema] >['a 'sel 'tema]

(c)

A dnde entras? () [a 'donde 'entas] >[a 'don'dentas]

(d)

Ya han venido. () ['a 'am be'nido] >['ambe'nido]

(c), (d) [footnoteRef:108] [108: Quilis (1964) (%) ]

(2)

(a)

(i)

tu inocencia () [tu ino'enia] >[tuino'enia]

mi amigo () [mi a'mio] >[mia'mio]

te amo () [te 'amo] >['te amo]

(ii) (hiatus)

Com un pastel. () [ko'mi 'um pas'tel] >[ko'mi. 'umpas'tel]

Compr otro. () [kom'pre 'oto] >[kom'preoto]

(b)

(i)

caf y t () [ka'fe i 'te] > [ka'fei'te]

Lo hiciste () [lo i'iste] >[loi'iste]

la oportunidad (+) [la opotuni'da(d)] >[lao po tuni'da(d)]

(ii) (hiatus)

Lo hice () [lo ie] >[lo. 'ie]

(/a//i, u, e, o/, /a, e, o//i, u/) (hiatus)

(a)

(b)

(c) /a/

casa humilde () ['kasa u'milde] >['kasu'milde](a) Lo ataca. ()(b) Est ocupado. (), (c) lo importante () [footnoteRef:109] [109: cf. Contreras (1969: 62. Bowen (1956-57), Quilis (1964, 1965). ]

casa humilde ['kasa u'milde] >['kasu'milde]

Lo ataca. [lo a'taka] > *[la'taka]

Est ocupado. [es'ta oku'pado] > *[es'toku'pado]

lo importante [lo impo'tante] > *[limpo'tante]

3. 1. 2.

[footnoteRef:110]/w/# () /h//C-2 = (C-1) = V = C+1//C-2 = (C-1) = V = C+2//C-2 = (C-1) = V = C+1=C+2/ [110: (1965: 41)]

/koH/, /koN/

() /: yoHN/, ()/kaHQ/.

C-2

C-1

V

C+1

C+2

/p, t, k/

/y/

/w/

/i/

/H/

/Q/

/N/

/b, d, g/

/e/

/c/

/a/

/s, h/

/o/

/z/

/u/

/m, n/

/r/

(1) /V//ame/, /kona/

(2) /VH//toHkyoH/;/VJ//kaJ/

(2)[footnoteRef:111] [111: ]

/haHto/ [hato] :/haato/ [haato]

/kareHda/ [kaeda] : /kareeda/ [kaeeda]

C/siH/ [i] :/sii/ [ii]

/koHni/ [koi] :/kooni/ [kooi]

/suHri/ [si] :/suuri/ [si]

/hasya/ [haia] :/haisya/ [haia]

/koJ/ [koi] : /koi/ [koi]

(gradual beginning) (clear beginning) [footnoteRef:112][footnoteRef:113] [112: Acht] [113: cf. Bloch (1950; 1975: 141. ]

/aoi ie/ [aoiie] : /deai/ [deai]

/VV//VH//VJ/

J. /aH/

J. /haHto/ : /haato/

J. /oJ/

J. /koJ/ : /koi/

3. 1. 3.

/me e/ [me. e]

/haru o/ [ha. o]

1

nunca atiende/nunka atyende/ [nuka'tiende]

mi amigo/mi amigo/ [miamio]

S. alcohol () [al'kol] > J. /arukooru/ [akoo]

Via a Ana. () ['bi'ana] > J. /biaana/ [bia ana]

J. /VH/ : /VV/ J/VJ/ : /Vi/

3. 2. 3. 2. 1.

(1) S. /CL(S)V/: 2

2/f//tl-/, /dl-/[footnoteRef:114] [114: /tl-/ Tlaxcala () /tlas'kala/cf. Lope Blanch (1969). atlas /'a-tlas//'at-las//t/]

p

t

kl

-b++(S) V

d

g

f

plano () /'plano/

clavo () /'klabo/

blando () /'blando/

gloria () /'glorya/

flor () /'flo/

prado () /'pado/

tres (3) /'tes/

crudo () /'kudo/

brazo () /'bao/

drama () /'dama/

grave () /'gabe/

fruta () /'futa/

(2) S. / (V)C1C2/2

2 (C1) (/p~b/, /t~d/, /k~g/)/n/, /l/, // (C2) /s/

p ~ b

t ~ d

V+k ~ g+s-

n

l

abstracto () /abs'takto/

adscrito () /ads'tito/

extenso () /eks'tenso/

construccin () /konstruk'yon/

vals () /'bals/

perspectiva () /perspek'tiba/

3. 2. 2.

/Cy(V) /

p, t, k

b, d, g+ y(V)

s, z, h

m, n,

() /pyuHpyuH/

/kyoHto/

/cyoHsi/

/byoHki/

/gyoHgi/

/syoHziki/

/zyoHgi/

/hyoHsi/

/myoHan/

/nyozicu/

/ryoHi/

3. 2. 3.

S. /CL//u/ > J. /CuL/

S. plano /'plano/ > J. /puaHno/

S. fruta /'futa/ > J. /huuHta/

*/tu, du//t, d/+/r//o/

S. tres /tres/ > J. /toresu/

S. drama /'dama/ > J. /doraHma/

copla () /'kopla/: cpula () /'kopula/

trbulo (()) : turbulo () /tu'ibulo/

criar () /'kyar/: curial () /ku'yal/

singlar () /sin'gla/: singular () /singu'lar/

reglar () /re'gla/: regular () /regu'la/

+//C //[footnoteRef:115] [115: cf. Malmberg (1948; 1965: 31 y sigs). Fernndez (1963). ]

tres (3) /tes/ ['tees]

gracias () /'gayas/ ['gaaias]

/teresu/, /garasiasu/S. /CLV/ S. /CVLV/

prado () /'pado/: parado () /pa'ado/

comprar () /kon'pa/: comparar () /konpa'a/

S. /C2C3-/>J. /C2uC3u-/C2, C3/t, d//o/

abstracto /abs'takto/ > J. /abusutoakuto/

adscrito /adskito/ > J. /adosukuiHto/

C2S. /n//N/

construccin /konstuk'yon/ > J. /koNsutoukusioN/

1[footnoteRef:116] [116: cf. 4. 2. 14. ]

/Cy(V) /2. 2. 1.

3. 3. 3. 3. 1.

/V-V/, /V-C/, /C-C//V-V/ (hiatus) 3. 1/V-C//V-//-C/

/C1-C2/

C1

p ~ b

t ~ d

k ~ g

(...)+n-C2(...)

l

f

s

abnegacin () /abnega'yon/

adjetivo () /adxe'tibo/

tcniko () /'tekniko/

cansado () /kan'sado/

calcio () /'kalyo/

carne () /'kane/

naftalina () /nafta'lina/

juzgar () /xu'ga/

mismo () /'mismo/

[footnoteRef:117] [117: /b-b/obvio () ]

/d-d/ libertad de ...() /liber'tad de/

/n-n/ son nombres () /'son 'nombes/

/l-l/ el lado () /el 'lado/

/-/ diez zorros (10) /dye 'oros/

/s-s/ los sobrinos () /los so'binos/

/n-m/con mam () /kon ma'ma/ [komma'ma]

/l-/el llano () /el 'ano/ [e'ano]

/-r/hablar ruso () /habla'ruso][footnoteRef:118] [118: ]

[footnoteRef:119] [119: cf. Navarro Toms (1918; 1972: 175 y sigs. ; Quilis (1964), Lorenzo (1972), Dalbor (1969: 147 y sigs. ]

el oro () /el 'oo/ [e'loo]

el loro () /el 'loo/ [el 'loo] >[e'loo]

son hombres () /son onbes/ ['son 'nombes]

son nombres () /son nonbes/ ['son 'nombes] >['so'nombes]

vi dejada () /'bide'xada/ ['bi de'xada]

vid dejada () /'bid de'xada/ ['bid de'xada] >['bide'xada]

de llano () /de 'ano/ [de 'ano]

del llano () /del 'ano/ [del 'ano]

ms aves () /'mas 'abes/ ['ma'saes]

ms sabes () /'mas 'sabes/ ['mas'saes] >['ma'saes]

3. 3. 2.

+ /Q/- C (+ V)

/N/

J. /Q-C/ J. /N-C//Q/, /N/1 (isochronism) [footnoteRef:120] [120: J. / V-V//C-V/3. 1. 2 2. 8. 2]

3. 3. 3.

/Q//N/ J. /CV//Q//N/

Entre ellos haba una comunidad de intereses. ()

S. [en'teos a'ia 'una komuni'dadeinte'eses]

>J. [ente 'eos a'ia 'una komuni'dadd de inte'esses]

J/Q//N/[footnoteRef:121] [121: cf. 2. 8. 3 (2), 2. 8. 3. (3).]

S. /C1-C2/>J. /C1u-C2/

S. abnegacin /abnega'yon/ > J. /abunegasioN/

S. tcnico /'tekniko/ > J. /tekuniko/

C1 /t, d//o/

S. adjetivo /adxe'tibo/ > J. /adohetiHbo/

C1 /n/J. /N/

S. cansado /kan'sado/ > J. /kaNsaHdo/

()

saldar () /sal'dar/: saludar () /salu'dar/

astillar () /asti'ar/: asutilar () /asti'lar/

S. /l-r/ S. /r-l/

el rico () [el'riko]

Carlos () ['kalos]

S. /l-r/ : /-l/ : /r/S. // : /r/[footnoteRef:122]S. /r/3 [122: cf. 2. 7. 3. (2).]

(1): S. /l-r/ : /r/

del rumbo () /del'runbo/: derrumbo () /de'runbo/

el radio () /el'radyo/: errado () /e'rado/

(2): S. /r-l/ : /r/

Carlos (()) /'kalos/: carros ((pl. )) /'karos/

perla () /'pela/: perra () /'pera/

charlo () /'carlo/: charro () /'caro/

burlo () /'burlo/: burro () /'buro/

4.

suprasegmental

4. 1.

(intensity) (pitch) (duration) (sonority) (accent) [footnoteRef:123] [123: (1973), s. v. Accent. ]

4. 1. 1.

(1)

/SS'S/termin () /termi'no/

/S'SS/termino () /ter'mino/

/SSS/trmino () /'termino/

/S'SSS/comtelo () /ko'metelo/

/'SSSS/cmetelo () /'kometelo/

Quilis (1971)

5estmulo ()estimulo ()estimul () 7(a) (Hz)(b) (c. s.)(c) (amplitude)(d) (mm2) (1) (2) Digo la palabra ____. (____) (3) Digo la palabra _____ otra vez. (_____)(a~d) (1) estmulo, estimulo, estimul[footnoteRef:124] [124: Informante-1, art. cit. , p. 63. ]

/es'timulo/

*

u

o

(a) Hz

243

202

162

(b) c. s.

8. 8

4. 8

5. 6

(c) db

36

12

6

(d) mm2

238

40

25

/esti'mulo/

*

i

o

(a) Hz

202

202

162

(b) c. s.

5. 6

9. 2

8. 0

(c) db

30

20

10

(d) mm2

108

180

30

/estimu'lo/

*

i

u

(a) Hz

202

202

202

(b) c. s.

6. 4

5. 6

9. 6

(c) db

28

16

23

(d) mm2

125

75

209

(a) ~ (d) (a) (pitch) (b) (c) (d)

Quilis estmulo /'i//i/

Digo la palabra _____ otra vez. cntara ()cantara (cantarsubj. 1singl, 3singl), cantar ( J. /kueNtamero/

S. / (...)'SS/J/H//CVH/

cocina () /ko'ina/ > J. /kosiHna/

seorita () /seo'ita/ > J. /senyoriHta/

J. /CVH/

S. /ko 'i na/ J. /ko si H na/

S. / (...)'SSS/

S. lmite /'limite/ () > J. /rimite/

S. /me'kaniko/ () > J. /mekaniko/

/CV/S. /CVC/J. /CVCV/1

S. espaol /espa'ol/ () > J. /espanyoHru/

S. Roberto /ro'beto/ (()) > J. /roberuto/

S. olmpico /o'linpiko/ () > J. /oriNpiko/

S. /CCV//CVCV/

S. cobre /'kobre/ () > J. /kobure/

S. trfico /trafiko/ () > J. /torahwiko/

S. Creo que s. /'keo ke 'si/ > J. /kureo ke siH/

C/n/J. /N/

S. campo /'kanpo/ () > J. /kaNpo/

S. acento /a'ento/ () > J. /aseNto/

S/ ()'SS/

J./kataci/ > S. /ka'taci/

J./otoko/ > S. /o'toko/

J./kokoro/ > S. /ko'koo/

J./inoci/ > S. /i'noci/

S. /ka 'ta ci/ J. /ka ta ci/

(/'/) (//)

[footnoteRef:139] [139: cf. 4. 2. 3. ]

S. /ni ka a gwa/ J. /ni ka ra guwa/

S. /gwa te ma la/ J. /gu wa te ma a/

S. /'kon po/ > J. /koN pu ro/

S. /lo 'kon po/ > J. /ro koN pu ro/

S. /te lo 'kon po/ > J. /te ro koN pu ro/

S. /te lo kon 'po/ > J. /te ro koN pu roH/

2

S. /'mu ca 'a gwa > J. /mu H cya a gu wa/

S. /se pa 'a da 'men te/ > J. /se pa ra H da me N te/

12

aprobado () /apo'bado/

ha probado () /'apo'bado/

escrito () /es'kito/

he escrito () /'es'kito/

Voy a recetarle un calmante para que se le alivie el dolor. ()

Clara est ya perfectamente, de lo que me alegro mucho. ()[footnoteRef:140]. [140: (1967: 52. ]

J. /mu zu ka siH desu/ > S. /mu su ka 'si des/

wave formauto pitch

1./a me da#/2./a me da#/

4. 2.

Hockett (1950: 65)2

(inmediate consitituent analysis) [footnoteRef:141] [141: Hockett (1958, 1962: 159ff. ]

(discrete)

[footnoteRef:142][footnoteRef:143]()() [142: cf. Kvavick-Olsen (1974). ] [143: cf. Anthony (1948), Bowen (1956), Stockwell, Bowen and Silva-Fuenzalida (1956), Bowen and Stockwell (1960), Matluck (1965), Stockwell and Bowen (1965), Mills (1969), Gregores-Surez (1971), Quilis (1975). ]

[footnoteRef:144] [144: (1967: 78ff. ]

matte-of-fact speech

4. 2. 1.

(1)

5[footnoteRef:145] [145: (pitch phoneme) phoneticcf. Trager-Smith (1957, 1958: 46ff. ]

(1a) /te 'bas ma 'a na/ (1b) /te 'bas ma "a na/

Te vas maana. Te vas maana.

(2a) /ma 'a na te 'bas/ (2b) /ma "a na te 'bas/

Maana te vas.Maana te vas.

(1a)/te/1/'ba/3/'a//'a//'bas/1/na//#/0/ma//na/

(1b)maana (emphasis) (a)/"a/4[footnoteRef:146]/na/ [146: /"/]

(1a)/na/

(2a)(1a)/'bas/(2b)maana (2a)/"a/4

(2)

(1a)/a me da#/ (1b)/a me da#/ // (1a): (1b)

(2) /a me zya na J yo| "a me da yo#/ //

(1a), (1b)(1a)(1b)(1a)0(1b)0pending

(2) (1d1

(3)

54S. /'a//"a/3J. /a//"a/1SJ1

S. /'ke bo "ni to#/ J. /ki re H da "na H#/

Qu bonito! ()

S4J

S. /"xwan pe 'go a 'pe pe//'xwan pe "go a 'pe pe//'xwan pe 'go a "pe pe/

Juan peg a Pepe. Juan peg a PepeJuan peg a Pepe

()

/ "| // "|/

12

/| /

/ #/

( /|/ )

S. /soy xo 'se mo 'li na#/Soy Jos Molina. ()

/xo'se mo'lina/

(a) > J. /soy ma sa o sa ka ta#/

(b) S. / #/

(a)(b)

wave formauto pitch

J. /ameda/ /ameda/

J. /ki re H da "na H#/

/ "| /

/ " /

/| /

/ /

4. 2. 2.

(1)

( /#/ ) (phonological sentence) ( /|/ ) (phonological phrase) 1

//3[footnoteRef:147] [147: Es de Espaa. () //Es de Espaa? () Es de Espaa...(). ]

S. /es des pa a //es des pa a//es des pa a/

Es de Espaa. Es de Espaa? Es de Espaa...

(a)

[footnoteRef:148]2 [148: cf. Bolinger (1960, 1966: 43; Stockwell and Bowen (1965: 28; Matluck (1965: 18; Henriquez Urea (1971: 207.

He went home. Com mu cho. ()/1231//1211/cf. Bowen and Stockwell (1960: 11ff. ]

/la 'so paes 'ta 'bue na/ /o 'centa tay 'in ko/

La sopa est buena. () / / 80 y 5 (80 5).

1

/'pan#//kons ti tu 'yon#//'kwen ta me lo#/

pan ()constitucin ()Cuntamelo. ()

12

/o 'cen tay ' nwe be//o cen tay ' nwe be/

80 y 5 (80 5) 85.

/'ko mo 'kye res/ /ko mo 'kye ras/

Cmo quieres? (?) // Como quieras ().

(b)

124

S. /a be 'ni do an 'to nyo 'bi no 'pe pe pe pe 'pan/

Ha venido Antonio? (?) // Vino Pepe? (?)

//Pedro? (? //Pan? (?)

(c)

(1)

/'bi no 'pe dro|#//'pe dro|#//'pan|#/

Vino Pedro...() //Pedro...() // Pan ...().

(2)

//3

/ // // /

(a)

/ / //

(b)

(i-1) /(i-2) (i-3)

(ii-1) // (ii-2) //

(iii-1) //(iii-2) //

(i)(i-1)(i-2)(i-1)()(i-1)(i-3)

(ii-1)(ii-2)

(iii-1)(i-1)(ii-1)213(i), (ii)

(c)

(a)

(i-1) // (i-2) //

(ii-1) // (ii-2) //

(i-1)(i-2)

(ii-1)(ii-2)(a)

(3)

()

S. /lo'a'bisto/ > J. /roabisuto/ // Lo ha visto? (?)

S. /e'sakta'mente/ > J. /esakutameNte/ Exactamente. ()

[footnoteRef:149] [149: cf. (1963). ]

// //

// // /|/

1. S. /sea ka bo/ 2. J. / /3.> J. /se a ka bo/ 4. >S. / /

1. S2. J3.>J3. J.S. 1.4. >S.[footnoteRef:150] [150: Claro! ()()! /'klao/]

wave formauto pitch

/ / / /

/ /

/ /

/

// //

// //

// //

// //

4. 2. 3.

22[footnoteRef:151](1) (2) ///#/ [151: (cf. 1973) ]

(1)

( // ) ( // ) ( /|/ ) 3

(1) /'este do'mingo#/ (2) /'este do'mingo 'no 'pwede ser#/

Este domingo? Este domingo, no puede ser.

(?) ()

(1) (2) (2) 4[footnoteRef:152] [152: (juncture)4()]

(423b, c, d) y [footnoteRef:153] [153: cf. Quilis y Fernndez (1969: 173. ]

/lae'ma na de xo'se ma'riay tu#/

la hermana de Jos y Mara ([[]])

/lae'mana de xo'se ma'ria i 'tu#/

la hermana de Jos, y t ()

/lae'mana de xo'se ma'ria i 'tu#/

la hermana de Jos, Mara, y t ()

(2)

(//)

1. /| #/ 2. /| #/

12 (/|/) [footnoteRef:154] [154: ]

(3)

21/uno dos tes kwato//uno dos tes i kwato/////[footnoteRef:155]//[footnoteRef:156] [155: S. /uno dos tes i kwato/(series- intonation)

S. /'mulo 'muo//'uno, mulo 'dos 'muro/] [156: (cf. )

/" """/]

4. 2. 4.

2

(1)

(a)

(b) (b1) (b2) (b3)

(a) 22/'dule//ma'ria#/[footnoteRef:157] [157: cf. 4. 2. 3]

Juan compr un dulce y lo comi Mara.

/'xwan kon'po 'un 'dule i lo ko'myo ma'ria#/

()

(b) 2

(b1)

1. /la 'bas a kome 'esta ga'eta#/

La vas a comer, esta galleta. ()

2. /la 'bas a kome 'esta ga'eta#/

La vas a comer, esta galleta? (?)

3. /"ke rika 'esta ga'eta#/

Qu rica, esta galleta! ()

1('esta)3243

(b1)

/'bwenos 'dias(se'or)#/ Buenos das, seor! ()

/me 'boy (en'tones)#/ Me voy, entonces. ()

/de 'pate de 'kyen(po fabor)#/ De parte de quin, por favor? ()

/de 'pate de xo'se mo'lina('gayas)#/ De parte de Jos Molina, gracias. ()

(b2)

/la se'oa moa (la be'ina) mea'mo/

La Seora Mora, la vecina, me llam. ()

/la se'oa moa (te a'kwedas) mea'mo/

La Seora Mora, te acuerdas?, me llam.

(?, )

(b3)

/ ('bweno) sel lo pe'sento a us'tedes#

Bueno, se lo presento a ustedes.()

/ ('ben) te lo pe'sento/

Ven, te lo presento. ()

23(a)

(2)

(a)

(b) (b1) - (b2) -

(a)

1. / #/

2. / #/

1///#/////////2//////

2(2)(3)

(1) /#/ (2) /#/ (3) /#/

(b1) -

1. / #/2. / #/

1////////

(b2) -(b1) --

/"#/

(3)

-

4.3.

isocronismo

stress-timed rhythm[footnoteRef:158] S. Hoy es domingo. /'oyesdo'mingo/ ()>J. /oiesudomiNgo/8 [158: cf. Pike (1947: 13. ]

/CVH/

>S. /so'rewa to'temo musuka'si des#/

Wave formAuto pitch

S. /'oyesdo'mingo/ Hoy es domingo. ()

> > J. /oiesudomiNgo/

J. /sorewa totemo mutsukasi desu#/

> S. /so'rewato'temo musuka'si des#/

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1972.

1958. (1958), pp. 1-68.

_____. 1966. 2pp. 48-60.

_____. 1968. () 4

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1940.

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